Pestilence

For Pestilence, a total of 31 epidemic events are known so far. It is a keyword.

Table

Table

Page	DateStart date of the disease.	SummarySummary of the disease event	OriginalOriginal text	TranslationEnglish translation of the text	ReferenceReference(s) to literature	Reference translationReference(s) to the translation
1147-00-00-Europa	1147 JL	A pestilence with mortality breaks out (in Germany?) after a famine.	Ipso anno fames maxima facta est [...] Famem etiam pestilentia et mortalitas subsecuta est intolerabilis.	This year (1147) was a great famine [...] A pestilence and a mortality succeed dramatically to famine.	Chronica regia Coloniensis, p. 32.	Translation by Thomas Labbé
1191-00-00-Neapel 0001	1191 JL	Death in Naples through a Pestilentia.	Imperator vero Neapolim cum obsederit, pene suis omnibus pestilenti morte peremptis, spe sua propositove cassatus est.	When the Emperor indeed besieged Naples, nearly all his own men were killed by a deadly plague, and he was frustrated in his hope or plan	Salimbene De Adam 1966, p. 24	Translation by Martin Bauch
1230-00-00-Denmark	1230 JL	Severe plague and epizootic. The epidemics are announced by a solar eclipse	Eclipsis solis et pestilentia hominum et iumentorum magna fuit.	Solar eclipse and a great pestilence among men and animals.	Annales Ryenses In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 171	None
1281-00-00-Denmark	1281 JL	Epizootic in Denmark in the year 1281.	Pestilentia pecorum.	(1281) Pestilence of the cattle.	Annales Essenbecenses. In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 281	Translation by Carina Damm
1300-00-00-Denmark	1300 JL	Epizootic in Denmark and indulgence in Rome	Indulgentia magna in Roma. Pestilentia pecorum.	Great indulgence in Rome and pestilence of the cattle.	Annales Essenbecenses. In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 282	Translation by Carina Damm
1308-00-00-Denmark	1308 JL	Epizootic in Denmark that is preceded by an invasion of Halland by the Duke of Svealand, Erik Magnusson	Dux Suetie Ericus uenit hostiliter in Hallandiam. Pestilentia pecorum.	Duke Eric of Sweden invaded Halland. Pestilence of cattle.	Annales Essenbecenses. In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 282	Translation by Carina Damm
1310-00-00-Denmark	1310 JL	Severe epizootic in Denmark	Subiugantur regi Erico Rostok et Ribnes. Fuit tunc parlamentum in Skialschør inter nobiles et Haquinum, regem Noruegie. Tunc fuit hyems asperrima per sex septimanas continue. Tunc fuit maxima pestilentia pecorum in Dacia.	Rostock and Ribe were subjugated by King Eric. There was then a parliament in Skælskør between the nobles and Hakon, King of Norway. Then there was a very severe winter for six weeks continuously. Then there was a great pestilence of cattle in Denmark.	Annales Essenbecenses. In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 323	Translation by Carina Damm
1348-00-00-Europe 001	1348 JL	These passages describe the catastrophic events of the year 1348 in Europe, including the plague and an earthquake. They mention predictions about political upheavals, famine and other catastrophies.	Item, Anno fequenti 48. in Avinone & in vicinis ibi partibus in Marfilia & in Italia ac multis citra & ultra maritimis regionibus, etiam in Francia, Anglia, Vngaria, Carinthia, Austria, Bauaria, Suevia, Alsatia, & in partibus Rheni & aliis plerisque Germaniae partibus, & praecipue in locis aquosis, & in alpibus, cacuminibus & conuallibus partium montanarum tam maxima pestilentia feu mortalitas (p. 469) fuit hominum, quod plerumque una in hospitio moriente persona, ceteri cohabitantes homines, ut sepius quasi subito, moriuntur. Anno Domini 1348. in die conuersionis Sancti Pauli circa horam vespertinam uniuersalis terrae motus adeo magnus fuit, quod hinc inde & praecipue in partibus Carinthiae & maritimis multae munitiones & domus & praefertim lapideae corruerunt. Anno domini 1348. multa mirabilia contingent, ut Astrologus maximus attestatur, unus solus erit dominus, Romanum Imperium exaltabitur, magna rixa erit in terra, Tyrannus Rex Francie cadit cum Baronibus fuis, magna effusio sanguinis fiet, erit magna fames & mortalitas hominum, haec iam in multis partibus Alemanniae, magnus calor in aestate, magna siccitas, vindicabitur vindicta noui Regis, transfigurabitur Regina Veneris, pulues Lonistae & animalia venenosa abundabunt & multa mirabilia in aere apparebunt.	Moreover, in the following year 1348, in Avignon and its surrounding areas, in Marseille, Italy, and in many regions both on this side and beyond the seas, also in France, England, Hungary, Carinthia, Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Alsace, and the regions of the Rhine and many other parts of Germany, especially in watery places, in the Alps, the peaks, and the valleys of mountainous areas, there was such a great plague or mortality among humans that often when one person died in a household, the other inhabitants frequently died suddenly as well. In the year of our Lord 1348, on the day of the Conversion of Saint Paul, around the evening hour, there was a universal earthquake so great that here and there, especially in Carinthia and coastal areas, many fortifications and houses, particularly those made of stone, collapsed. In the year of our Lord 1348, many wonders occurred, as the great astrologer attests: there will be only one lord, the Roman Empire will be exalted, there will be great strife on the earth, the tyrant King of France will fall with his barons, there will be great bloodshed, there will be great famine and mortality of people — this has already occurred in many parts of Germany. There will be great heat in the summer, great drought, vengeance will be exacted by the new king, the Queen of Venus will be transformed, the dust of Lonista will abound, and poisonous animals will be plentiful, and many wonders will appear in the air.	Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735, pp. 468-469.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5
1348-00-00-Europe 002	1348 JL	These passages describe the catastrophic events of the year 1348 in Europe, including the plague. They mention predictions about political upheavals, famine and other catastrophies like extreme weather.	De magna pestilencia. Item eodem tempore et anno immediate sequenti in curia Romana Avinionis et in vicinis ibi partibus in Marsilia et Ytalia ac multis maritimis citra et ultra marinis regionibus, eciam in Francia Anglia Ungaria Karinthia Austria Bawaria Swevia et Alsacia ac in partibus Reni et aliis plerisque Germanie partibus, et precipue in locis aquosis et in alpibus cacuminibus et convallibus partium montanarum (p. 474) tam maxima pestilentia seu mortalitatis hominum tanta fuit et est, quod plerumque una in hospicio moriente persona ceteri cohabitantes homines et sepius quasi subito moriuntur. De eventibus lamentosis sub anno subscriptio. Anno domini m.ccc.xl.viii. multa mirabilia contingent, ut astrologus maximus attestatur. Unus solus erit dominus. Imperium Romanum exaltabitur. Magna rixa erit in terra. Tyrannus Rex Francie cadet cum baronibus suis. Magna effusio sanguinis. Papa dissipabitur cum cardinalibus suis. Erit magna fames et mortalitas. Hec vero iam in multis partibus Lombardie. Magnus calor in estate. In hieme magna siccitas. Semina corrumpuntur. Vindicabitur vindicta novi regis. Transfigurabitur regina veneris. Pulices locuste et animalia venenosa habundabunt, et multa mirabilia in aere apparebunt.	On the Great Pestilence. Likewise, at the same time and in the following year, in the Roman court at Avignon and in nearby areas, in Marseille and Italy, and in many maritime regions on both sides of the sea, also in France, England, Hungary, Carinthia, Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Alsace, and in the regions along the Rhine and other parts of Germany, and especially in watery places and in the peaks and valleys of the mountainous regions, there was such a great plague or mortality of people that often, when one person died in a house, the other cohabitants and people would soon die almost immediately. On the Lamentable Events of the Year Described Below. In the year of our Lord 1348, many marvelous events occurred, as the greatest astrologer attests. There will be one sole lord. The Roman Empire will be exalted. There will be a great conflict in the land. The tyrant King of France will fall with his barons. There will be a great bloodshed. The Pope will be dispersed with his cardinals. There will be great famine and mortality. This has already occurred in many parts of Lombardy. There will be great heat in the summer. In winter, there will be great drought. Seeds will be corrupted. The vengeance of a new king will be exacted. The Queen of Venus will be transformed. Fleas, locusts, and venomous animals will abound, and many marvels will appear in the sky.	De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843, pp. 473-774.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5
1349-00-00-Halmstad	1349 JL	The plague was transmitted to Halland in Denmark, where it erupted in the autumn of 1349 in the port of Halmstad. King Magnus IV calls upon the population of Linköping to visit the mass, go to confession, give alms to the poor and the Church, and fast to keep the great plague away	Kong Magnus af Sverige, Norge og Skåne oppfordrer alle beboere i bispedommet i Linköping til at gå i kirke, ofre til de fattige, faste hver fredag, skrifte og give en svensk penning til ære for Gud og jomfru Marie for at holde den “stoora plago“ borte, som “staar nw omkring alt Norge oc Halland oc naakas nu hiit.”	King Magnus of Sweden, Norway and Scania calls upon all residents of the diocese of Linköping to go to church, make offerings to the poor, fast every Friday, go to confession and give a Swedish penny in honour of God and the Virgin Mary to keep away the "great plague" that "is now around all of Norway and Halland and is now present here."	Diplomatarium Danicum, 1st–3rd series, 3, 3, no. 217, p. 170	Translation by Carina Damm
1350-00-00-Sweden 001	1350 JL	Swedish annals on a great pestilence in 1350	Fuit magna pestilencia super totum mundum.	There was a great pestilence over the whole world.	Göte Paulsson: Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik. Lund, 1974, p. 300	Translation by Carina Damm
1350-00-00-Sweden 002	1350 JL	Swedish annals on a great pestilence in 1350	Anno Domini Mcccl fuit maxima pestilencia per totum mundum sicut vnquam fuit ante anni lxxx.	In the year of the Lord 1350, there was a great pestilence throughout the whole world, as it had never been before the year 80.	Göte Paulsson: Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik. Lund, 1974, p. 326	Translation by Carina Damm
1350-00-00-Sweden 003	1350 JL	Swedish annals on a great pestilence in 1350.	Item anno Domini MCCCL erat magna mortalitas hominum et brutorum animalium in regno Swecie, cujus memoria disignatur in hiis dictionibus: Mors CeCa CeLos ditans urbem spoliavit.	Likewise, in the year of the Lord 1350, there was a great mortality of men and beasts in the kingdom of Sweden, the memory of which is described in these sayings: Death blinds the heavens and spoils the world.	Göte Paulsson: Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik. Lund, 1974, p. 338	Translation by Carina Damm
1350-00-00-Sweden 004	1350 JL	Swedish annals on a great pestilence in 1350	Item anno Domini MCCCl erat pestilencia super totum mundum.	In the year of the Lord 1350, there was a pestilence throughout the whole world.	Göte Paulsson: Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik. Lund, 1974, p. 348	Translation by Carina Damm
1370-00-00-Bohemia	1370 JL	In this year a great pestilence occured in Bohemia and at its borders.	Unde permissione divina maxima pestilencia fuit in omnibus partibus et finibus Boemie.	With divine permission the greatest pestilence occured in all parts and at the borders of Bohemia.	Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 542	Translation by Christian Oertel
1405-00-00-Odense 002	1405 JL	Foundation of the shoemakers‘ guild in Odense, Denmark in 1405 to support and protect each other in the case of misfortune brought by the plague	Thet schedhæ saa i forthamæ timæ, ath stor døth regnerethæ ouer al werden, som man kallæ wære pestilencia, tha friictæthæ suo wæl vngæ som gamlæ, forthi at døthæn han spar ængen, tha friictæthæ oc schomaghere svønæ i Otthens for døthen oc thottæ them suo, ath the wilde flii theres thing suo, ath om noger aff them døthæ, ath han sculdæ wæl worthæ forestanden, tha gingæ the til alderman oc til stolbrøthræ, som tha wore forstandere i schomaghere lagh i Otthens oc bathæ thøm, ath the wilde wæl gøre oc vnnæ them at hawe eet kumpanyæ, tha beradde the them voeth alle brøthræ oc vntæ them thet at hawe oc at holde, som her æfter stander screwet.	It so happened in bygone times that great death ruled all over the world, which was called pestilencia, and was feared by young and old alike, because death spared no one. At that time, also the shoemakers' journeymen in Odense feared death and it seemed [appropriate] to them to move their goods in that way that if someone of them died, he should be well provided for, then they went to the alderman and to the companions who then were in the council of the shoemakers‘ guild in Odense and appealed to them that they would do well in granting them a company, this they told to all the companions and bestowed them to have and to hold what is written hereinafter.	C. Nyrop: Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer fra Middelalderen,vol. 2. København 1895–1904, p. 15	Translation by Carina Damm
1414-09-02-Montpellier	2 September 1414 JL	A procession is organized in Montpellier to protect the city from the pestilence that rages since long in the region.	Item, dimergue a II del mes de septembre, se fes en esta vila una honorabla procession general [...] Et fes se la dicha procession per V cauzasitem [...]: Item que aquesta pestilencia de mortalitat et empedimia, que en aquesta vila a tant lonc temps durat et encaras dura et totz jorn se multiplica plus fort, lhi plassa de far cessar et aver pietat de son paure poble.	Sunday, September 9, has been celebrated a very honorable procession in the city [...] This procession has been held for 5 reasons [...]: likewise because of the lethal pestilence that raged since long and perpetuates and increases every day, so that He have pity for His people.	Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1414.html (20 April 2020).	Translation by Thomas Labbé
1421-00-00-Sweden 001	1421 JL	Great rainfall in south-central Sweden is succeeded by bad harvests, pestilence and drought in 1421 and 1422.	Eodem anno tanta fuit pluvie inundacio, quod in multis locis computruerunt segetes stantes in stipula; veneruntque simul pestilencia et sterilitas. Ipsa quoque pestilencia iam duraverat per annum integrum et necedum cessavit; que in multis terrarum finibus ita grassata fuerat, quod domus relinquerentur absque habitatore.	In the same year (1421), such great amounts of rain fell that the corn in many places rotted away uncut; and at the same time came pestilence and drought. This plague epidemic had now lasted a whole year and had not yet ceased; in many countries it had ravaged so violently that houses were left uninhabited.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 174	Translation by Carina Damm
1422-00-00-Sweden	1422 JL	Pestilence in Sweden and in Germany in 1421 and 1422	Item, valide grassabatur pestilencia in terra tam in Almannia quam hic in Suecia, et duraverat iam per duos annos.	Furthermore, a pestilence was ravaging the earth violently, both in Germany and here in Sweden, and it had now lasted for two years.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 176	Translation by Carina Damm
1439-00-00-Sweden	1439 JL	Pestilence in Sweden in 1439 and in the Christian world	Item, pestilencia ingrassabatur per totam Sueciam et diversa loca Christianitas.	Furthermore, the plague ravaged all of Sweden and various places in the Christian world.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 224	Translation by Carina Damm
1439-11-00-Norrköping	November 1439 JL	Nils Stensson, member of the Council of Sweden (riksråd) dies of the plague, and not because the imperial regent Karl Knutsson, the later King Karl VIII, had him imprisoned	til norköpung fördis niels tha, ther döde han aff pestilencia	to Norrköping was Nils then led, where he died of the plague	Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 223, col. 6514-15	Translation by Carina Damm
1440-00-00-Sweden 001	1440 JL	The imperial regent Karl Knutsson consults a maiden about his chances of being elected king. She replies that he should become king, and if not, three plagues would come upon Sweden: the first two are war and famine, and the third is pestilence. According to Karlskrönikan, the three biblical plagues hit Sweden in the same year when not Karl, but but Christopher of Bavaria was elected king	Jumfrun swarade ather swa tre plagar skal riket ther förre faa – stort örlog finna i alla endha oc minsta thera gotz ä hwart the wenda – aff hungar skola the lida nödh sa at mange haffua hwaske öll eller brödh – oc otalige warda saa osell at aff hungar skola the swelta i heel – the tridia pestilentia skal offuergaa at mange garda öda staa	The virgin answered so again therefore shall the kingdom receive three plagues – great wars shall be found at all ends, and the least of these shall be everywhere – from hunger they will suffer misery so that many will have neither beer nor bread - and countless will be so miserable that from hunger they will starve to death - the third, pestilence, will pass by, leaving many farms desolate.	Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 230–31, col. 6720–6729	Translation by Carina Damm
1450-00-00-Rome	1450 JL	Jubilee year and grave pestilence in Rome	Anno Domini mcdl°. Fuit Rome annus iubileus et magna pestilencia.	The year of our Lord 1450. In Rome there was jubilee year and a great pestilence.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 262	Translation by Carina Damm
1455-00-00-Sweden	1455 JL	Pestilence in Upper Sweden in 1455, concomitant to a severe famine	Item, fames in tantum invaluit in tota Swecia, quod multi fame moriebantur, et multi ex pestilencia, que tunc erat in superiori Swecia.	Furthermore, the famine ravaged the whole of Sweden so violently that many died of starvation, and many of the plague, which was then spreading in Upper Sweden.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 286	Translation by Carina Damm
1465-08-11-Stockholm 001	11 August 1465 JL	Bishop Kettil of Linköping dies of the plague on 11 August 1465 in Stockholm	Item, eodem anno in octava assumpcionis beate Marie sepultus est Lincopie dominus Katillus episcopus Lincopensis. Qui modicum ante, videlicet in dominica proxima post Laurencii, obiit in castro Stocholmensi a pestilencia, que tunc temporis quasi per totum regnum gravissima regnavit. Qui episcopus tempore obitus sui quasi totum regnum tenuit, quod sibi subiugaverat, preter Finlandiam.	Further, in the same year, on the octave of the Virgin Mary's Ascension Day, Lord Kettil, Bishop of Linköping, was buried in Linköping. He died at Stockholm Castle shortly before, on the Sunday immediately after the feast of St Laurence. He was a victim of the pestilence which raged violently over almost the whole kingdom at this time. At his death, this bishop ruled virtually the entire empire, which he had subjugated except for Finland.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 334	Translation by Carina Damm
1465-08-11-Stockholm 002	1465 JL	Bishop Kettil of Linköping dies of the plague in Stockholm	Sedhen bleff iag siwk aff pestilens sott – och inghen kunde råda mig ther till bott – Jag sorgde oc gräth ath iag hade giortt ille – och loffuade gerna mig bätra wille - Med thz tog dödhen meg liiffwit wtåff – myn ånde iag i gudz hendher opgaff - J Stocholm ändade iag mitt liiff	Then I fell ill with the plague - and no one could advise me to cure it - I grieved and wept that I had done wrong - and promised to do better - With that death took me away - and I commanded my spirit into God's hands - I ended my life in Stocholm	Gustaf Edvard Klemming: Svenska medeltidens rimkrönikor 3. Stockholm 1867–1868, p. 156. col. 4529–4536	Translation by Carina Damm
1495-09-11-Vadstena	11 September 1495 JL	The lay brother Henrik Magnusson dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey	Item, xi die mensis Septembris, que erat feria sexta infra octavas nativitatis Marie virginis, obiit frater Henricus Magni laicus, anno a professione sua xvi. Obiit ex pestilentia.	Furthermore, on 11 September, the Friday of the octave of the Virgin Mary's nativity [8 September], the lay brother Henrik Magnusson died in the sixteenth year after his consecration. He died of the plague.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 388	Translation by Carina Damm
1495-09-12-Vadstena	12 September 1495 JL	The nun Sister Birgitta dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey	Item, xii die mensis Septembris obiit soror Birgitta filia Iohannis Vinther consulis Sudhercopensis, ex pestilentia, anno sue professionis secundo	Furthermore, on 12 September, Sister Birgitta, daughter of the councillor Hans Vinter from Söderköping, died of the plague in the second year after her inauguration.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 388	Translation by Carina Damm
1495-09-25-Vadstena	25 September 1495 JL	The Sister Margareta Ottadottir dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey	Item, in xxv die mensis Septembris obiit soror Margareta Ottadottir focariaetiam ex pestilentia, anno sue professionis, seu receptionis, xlvii.	Furthermore, on 25 September, the cook, Sister Margareta Ottesdotter, also died of the plague, in the forty-seventh year after her inauguration or admission.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 391	Translation by Carina Damm
1495-10-00-Sweden	October 1495 JL	Severe plague in almost all of Sweden	Item, isto anno viguit quasi per totam Sueciam magna pestilentia.	Furthermore, that year a severe pestilence ravaged almost all of Sweden.	Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 390	Translation by Carina Damm
1500-02-00-Rhône	February 1500 JL	An mortality of pigs breaks out in the Lyonnais and in the Forez.	In mense Februarii, illo anno, fuit magna pestillencia porcorum in pluribus tam patrie Forensis quam Lugdunensis locis.	In February of that year (1500), a great pestilence affected pigs in several places of the Lyonnais and of the Forez.	Chronique de Benoît Mailliard, p. 194.	Translation by Thomas Labbé

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