Bohemia
From EpiMedDat
In Bohemia, a total of 48 epidemic events are known so far. It is a region.
Map of events in Bohemia
Table
| Disease | DateStart date of the disease. | SummarySummary of the disease event | OriginalOriginal text | TranslationEnglish translation of the text | ReferenceReference(s) to literature | Reference translationReference(s) to the translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1258-00-00-Bohemia | 19 May 1258 JL | Great mortality in Bohemia. | Anno domini 1258 XIV kalendas Junii eclipsis lune fuit et mortalitas maxima hominum fuit. | In the year of the Lord 1258 on the 14th calendes of June there was an eclipse of the moon and there was the greatest mortality of humans. | Johannis Neplachonis, Chronicon, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. III, Praha 1882, p. 445-484, 474. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1258-00-00-Prague | 1258 JL | In Prague frost and mortality among sheeps. | Hoc anno gelu laesit fructus arboreos et vineas, et mortalitas ovium fuit | This year, frost damaged the fruit trees and vineyards, and there was a mortality among the sheep. | Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae, p. 176. | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1259-00-00-Bohemia | 1259 JL | Flagellants appear in Bohemia, go through the whole country and come into conflict with the established clergy. Many Bohemians (men and women) go with them. They are persecuted by the Roman Church. | Von gotes geburt her abe / czwelfhundirt gar / vnd dar nach nun vnd funfzcig iar; / Von den, di in der buz / gingin mit dez tufils gruz. / vnd der sel ein swer val / vndir einer neuwen tat / waz czu licht komen drat, / in dem vorgnantin iar / czu Behem quam fur war. / Do gingin blose leut / durch daz gancze lant wit, / di indecktin dy ruk / vf er cleins gluk / vnd slugin sich mit geisziln / den ruk voln kreiszil. / Si stracktin sich in daz kot, / vnd daz waz der sel tot. / Gotis dinst si smechtin, / di pristirschaf si echtin; / si sprachin: "Vnsir buzze ist der sel suzse / vnd beszir, wen vwir schrein." / Si hiszin laszin sin / gotis ampt vor nit, / und daz tetin dy lut. / Di bemisch herrin / sohin si von verrin / also durch daz lant gen. / Si sprachin zcu den: / "Wi turt er daz getun / an vnsir viszin iczun?" / Mit in gingin si bi nom / vnd slugin sich alsom. / Di frouwen in irn scharin / sach man alsam gebarin; / si tetin als di gouch / vnd geisiltin sich ouch. / Hettin si gewolt, / daz ez der sel frumen solt, / so soltin si ez bi tagin / czu buz intphangin habin / von den pristirn gelesin; / so wer ez der sel nucz gewesin. / Abir dy erstin nacktin / bosen vorsacz trachtin, / wan si slugin sich ser / vm den tufil Lucifer, / daz der gar vngenem / uf sinen stul widir quem. / Vnd do von in dysze mer / virnomen dy Romer, / si in aln czu stur / gabin ein buz mit dem fur / als andern keczern, / di si woltin mern. / Di keczir sint mit ganczir ger / des tufils diner, / vnd daz warn dy. / Dar vm offintin si / ir heilkeit misstetlich, / daz schied si von dem himilrich. | After the birth of God in the twelfhundred and fifty ninth year; of those who went in penitence with the salute of the devil. Doing their souls no good choice by this new deed that came to light in the named year in Bohemia. Naked people went through the whole land. They covered their backs with beatings by whips. They layed down in excrement and that was the death for their souls. They reviled the devine service and the clergy and they said: "Our penitence is the food of the soul and it is better than your shouting." They demanded the devine service to stop and the people did so. The Bohemian lords saw them go through the land from far and said: "How come they do this without our knowledge?" But they went with them and beated themselves. The flock of the women behaved likewise: they did the same and joined them. If they had wanted to help their souls they should have received the order of penitence by day and from the priests. But those nakeds had a bad scheme from the beginning: They beated themselves hard in order to bring the devil Lucifer back on his throne. When the Romans came to know of them, they let them atone by fire as they did with other heretics. The heretics are with their whole desire servants of the devil and so they were. Therein they advertised their failed holiness and this seperated them from the kingdom of heaven. | Di tutsch kronik von Behem lant, ed. Vlastimil Brom, Brno 2009, pp. 504-508 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1261-00-00-Bohemia | 1261 JL | Flagellants appear in Bohemia. | Ibant flagellatores, que secta nescio a quo spiritu processerat; set multi nostri noti in eam ibant pura intencione et sincera devocione. Procedebant namque turmatim hinc et inde per ecclesias, precedentibus vexillis et cereis ardentibus, precinentibus duobus, ceteris respondentibus, stantes nudi et affligentes se flagellis, panno qualicunque succinctos lumbos et velata capita habentes. | The flagellants went about, a sect that I do not know from what spirit it had arisen; but many of our acquaintances joined it with pure intention and sincere devotion. For they proceeded in groups here and there through the churches, with banners and burning candles going before, two leading with singing, the others responding, standing naked and beating themselves with whips, having their loins girded with some kind of cloth and their heads covered | Heinrici de Heimburg annales, ed. G. H. Pertz (MGH SS, 17), Hannover 1861, pp. 712-718, p. 714 | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1281-00-00-Bohemia | 1281 JL | High mortality caused by severe famine and plague in Southern Europe and Bohemia. | Fuerunt nives, pluvie et inundaciones aquarum magne, et cepit esse fames valida in cunctis inferioribus partibus Europe, et Bohemi quocumque divertebant fame et pestilencia interibant. | Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300, p. 224, l. 53, | Translation needed | |
| 1282-00-00-Bohemia | 1282 JL | Following a great famine a disease spread throughout Bohemia to which so many people fall victim that the graveyards have not sufficient space for the deceased. | De fame maxima, que illis temporibus fuit in Bohemia. [...] Fame igitur urgente tanta pestilencia in terra prevaluit, quantam retroactis temporibus, prout a senibus didici, nullus inibi expertus fuit. [...] ex fetore cadaverum aer inficitur et qui forsan amplius vivere poterat, fetido tabefactus aere subito suffocatur. [...] Cimiteria pro sepultura deficiunt et qui defunctos sepeliant, tedio affecti iam inveniri vix possunt. Magne igitur fovee fodiuntur, in quas multa defunctorum cadavera bigis incessanter adducta proiciuntur. | About the great famine which was at those times in Bohemia. Under the pressure of hunger a plague prevailed in the land and it was so fierce that noone in preceeding times has wittned the like as I have learned from old people. [...] From the smell of cadavers the air got infected and those who could have lived longer did suddenly suffocate, because they were poisoned by the evil smelling air. [...] The graveyards were too small for the funerals and people who were ready to bury the dead were hard to find because they were overwhelmed by disgust. Therefore, large pits were dug to which the many deceased were brought with two horse carriages and into which they were flung. | Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 17f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1282-00-00-Bohemia-Moravia | 1282 JL | A great wave of mortality went through Bohemia and Moravia. Heaps of people were burried in large ditches in the fields during winter and spring. | 1282. Maxima mortalitas hominum fit per Boemiam et Moraviam. Nam Prage ac Brunne et alibi defuncti innumerabiles, velud fenum in curribus ad agros ducebantur; ibi in fossis profundis catervatim obstruuntur, tempore hyemalis et veris. | 1282. A maximum mortality of humans happened throughout Bohemia and Moravia. In Prague and Brno as well as in other places innumerable people died. Like hay they were brought in waggons to the fields and there, in the times of winter and spring, large ditches were filled with heaps of them. | Continuatio Vindobonensis, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 698-722, 712, l. 24-26 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1310-00-00-Bohemia | 1310 JL | Severe plague during the reign of King Henry of Carinthia | Tanta devastationis pestilentia sub Heinrico duce de Chorinthia mulctabatur tota Bohemia quod non solum urbes, villae et personae seculares, sed quod lamenteabile est, viri spirituales aratarentur usquequaque etiam in suis coenobiis et claustrales --- Cotidie premebantur. | So great a plague of devastation afflicted all of Bohemia under Duke Henry of Carinthia that not only towns, villages, and laypeople were harried, but—what is lamentable to say—spiritual men as well were everywhere plundered, even within their own monasteries and cloisters. Day by day they were oppressed | Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339, p. 289. | ChatGPT 5.2 |
| 1314-00-00-Bohemia | 1314 JL | Severe famine and plague among humans and animals | Ex magnitudine grigios et nivis facta est caristia maxima et pestilentia hominum et brutorum animalium infinita multitudo, et facta est tunc miseria inaudita. | Because of great cold and a high amount of snow there was a great increase in prices and a disease (pestilencia) afflicted humans and wild animals in infinite numbers and it caused then a misery formerly unheard of. | Annales Bohemiae brevissimi, p. 720, l. 40. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1316-00-00-Bohemia | 1316 JL | High mortality and plague in Bohemia and all over the world | et secuta est postmodum maxima pestilencia et mortalitas hominum in omnibus partibus mundi, ita ut magne fierent ubique fovee ad sepelienda corpora mortuorum, quia cymiteria illa capere non valebant. | and in the following there was the greatest plague and mortality in all pars of the world so that everywhere large grave pits were dug to bury the bodies of the dead, for which the capacity of the graveyards was not large enough. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 472 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1316-00-00-Bohemia 002 | 1316 JL | In many lands of the world, including Bohemia, there were a number of natural disasters and pestilences among humans and animals. | Iste annus Domini M.CCC.sextus decimus tot in se pestilentias & miserias continet, quod eas audire auris refugit, mens stupescit; [...] Retulit nobis Dominus Petrus Maguntinus Archiepiscopus, quod infra dimidii anni tempus in civitate solum Meczensi quinquis centum millia hominum mortua sunt, nihilominus equos, oves & boves, & universa pecora campi necuit pestilenitia huius anni, oves enim plures quam mille, [...] in grangiis [Aulam regiam] perierunt. | This year of the Lord 1316 includes so many pestileces and miseries that the ear takes flight from the hearing of it, the mind is stupified. [...] Lord Peter, the archibishop of Mainz has reported to us that within half a year in the city of Metz alone five times one hundredthousand humans have died. What is more, the pestilence of this year has killed horses, pigs, sheep and cattle as well as all animals of the fields. More than one thousand sheep [...] have perished at the farms of the monastery [of Aula Regia]. | Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae, ed. Dobner 1784, p. 348f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1318-00-00-Bohemia | 1318 JL | Although there was a peace treaty reached between King John of Bohemia and his rebelling nobles, the length of the preceeding conflict lead to great hunger and a plague. | De concordia inter Johannem, regem Bohemie, et suos nobiles facta et de fame maxima et pestilencia inaudita. [...] nam tali durante discordia nimia famis prevaluit miseria, ita quod infra unius anni spacium, ut experimento didici, in porta Scedelicensi triginta milia hominum sunt sepulta. Consimilis quoque pestilencia in omnibus civitatibus, oppidis et villis exstitit et in universa terra. In omnibus locis fovee fodiebantur, que mortuorum cadaveribus replebantur. | About the peace between John, the king of Bohemia, and his nobles and about the great hunger and unheard-of plague. [...] Because this condemnable conflict endured, there was such a great famine that within one year 30.000 humans were buried at the Sedletz gate as I have learned from my own experience. And similarly, there was a plague in all cities, towns and villages and in all lands. At all places pits were dug which were filled up with the deceased. | Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 247f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1318-00-00-Moravia | 1318 JL | Because of the sins of the inhabitants of Bohemia, a plague came to the kingdom killing many thousand people. | Sed et indignacio et ira Dei descendit super Boemos propter peccata populi, ut creditur, et facta est pestilencia et mortalitas hominum pregravida, et mortua sunt multa milia hominum, facteque sunt fovce magne et profunde ad capienda corpora hominum moriencium pre nimia fame, et eciam pestilencia percussi. [...] Cum ergo multa mala longo iam tempore invaluissent et homines thabefacti de omni consolacione desperarent, quia omnes modi concordie fuerunt refutati, et fames ac pestilencia eos absque misericordia affligerent incessanter, clamaverunt ad Dominum omnes unanimiter, magni et parvi, clerici et layci, ut tantis malis finem imponere dignaretur. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 474 | Translation needed | |
| 1320-00-00-Pomerania | 25 December 1320 JL | In 1320 there was a great inflation followed by famine and plague in almost all lands (particularlay in Flanders and Bohemia) which caused 15.000 deaths only between Christmas 1320 and Pentecost 1321. | MCCCXX Hic cessauit caristia magna et strages, qua precedentibus tribus annis homines multi in valescente fame et pestilencia magna quasi in vniuersa terra mortui sunt et precipue in Flandria, in Boemia, in monte Kettero a festo natiuitatis Christi usque pentecostes XV milia wlgi solummodo mortui sunt exceptis dinitibus et mediocribus, quorum multi fame et pestilencia perierunt. | Anonymous, Annalen des Klosters Colbatz, in: Pommersches Urkundenbuch 1, 2, ed. Prümers (1877), pp. 467-492, p.486f. | Translation needed | |
| 1328-03-00-Bohemia-2 | March 1328 JL | After an eclipse of the moon a long lasting plague among humans and domestic animals raged in many regions. | Eodem anno in plenilunio mensis Marcii luna eclipsatur, quam eclipsim secuntur venti validissimi et pestilencia pecorum atque hominum in diversis partibus. | In this year the full moon of the month of March darkened, this eclipse was followed by a long lasting plague of animals and humans in different regions. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 481 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1328-04-00-Bohemia | April 1328 JL | In the month of April 1328 many humans died and there was a plague among domestic animals in many lands. | Multitudo hominum mense Aprili moritur, et in pluribus mundi partibus pestilencia pecorum oritur valde gravis. | Many people died in the month of April, and in many parts of the world raged a heavy plague among animals. | Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 288 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1347-11-00-Italy | November 1347 JL | Arrival of the Black Death in Genoa and spread across Italy; but Parma and Milan remain almost untouched | Nelle parti oltra mora per più sei mesi fu grandissima pestilenza, la quale dalle galee de' Genovesi fu portata in Italia; e furono a Genova ricevute del mese di Novembre le prefate galee, sulle quali, prima che arivassero a Genova, era morta di questa mala influenza la maggior parte di coloro, che vi erano sopra: il rimanente morì quasi subito che furono in Porto e patria loro, questa infermità si allargò nella Citta, & infiniti ne morivano il giorno, & in breve per ogni Città di Lombardia, di Toscana, della Marca, della Puglia, e per ogni terra d'Italia si estese. E fu grandissima due anni continui, per la quale molte Città d'Italia furono distrutte; e sole Parma, e Milano pochissimo ne senterono; ma si sparse oltra monti, in Provenza, in Francia, in Aragona, in Spagna, in Anglia, in Alemagna, in Boemia, in Ungheria. | In the parts beyond the sea, for more than six months, there was a great pestilence, which was brought to Italy by the Genoese galleys; and in November, the aforementioned galleys were received in Genoa, on which, before they arrived in Genoa, the majority of those on board had died from this bad influence: the rest died almost immediately upon reaching their port and homeland. This disease spread in the city, and countless people died each day, and soon it extended to every city in Lombardy, Tuscany, the Marches, Apulia, and throughout all of Italy. It was exceedingly severe for two continuous years, during which many cities in Italy were destroyed; only Parma and Milan felt it very little; but it spread beyond the mountains, into Provence, France, Aragon, Spain, England, Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary | Giovanni di Cornazano 1728, col. 746 | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1348-00-00-Bohemia | 17 January 1348 JL | Following astrological phenomena a formerly unheard of epidemic raged in Bohemia as well as in other parts of the world (Christian and pagan) for 14 years. And there was no hideout from it neither in the lowlands nor on the mountains and many people died. | Eodem anno die XVII Ianuarii fuit eclipsis lune, et coniunccio quorundam malivolorum planetarum, ex quibus coniunccionibus et malis constellacionibus orta est inaudita epidimia seu pestilencia hominum in universo mundo et duravit tam in Boemia quam in aliis mundi partibus per XIIII annos proxime sequentes, et iam ibi, iam illic in terris christianorum et paganorum ubique. Nec erat alicubi refugium, quia sicut in planis sic in montibus et silvis homines moriebantur. In omnibus locis fiebant foveae grandes et plures singulis annis predictis, in quibus moriencium corpora sepeliebantur. Talis pestilencia et ita longa nunquam fuit a seculo. | In the same year on January 17 there was a eclipse of the moon and a malevolent conjunction of the planets and resulting from these conjunctions and bad constellations there was an unheard of epidemic or human plague in the whole world which lasted as well in Bohemia as in other parts of the world for 12 successive years at one time here at another there everywhere in the Christian and pagan lands. There was nowhere a hidout to be found, but as well on the flat land as in the mountains and forests the people died. In all places numerous and large grave pits where made in every single of the above mentioned years, in which the dead bodies where buried. Such a plague that lasted to long had never happend in this age. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 516 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1348-00-00-Bohemia 002 | 1348 JL | Following the report on the 1348 plague, Beneš Krabice of Weitmil speaks of Flagellants who came from Germany (perversi viri de Alamania) to Bohemia. They preached to the people and seduced many simple people to follow them in their erroneous doings. | Eodem anno venerunt in Boemiam quidam perversi viri de Alamania, qui se se flagellabant in conspectu hominum, et sibi mutuo, videlicet laicus laico, confitebantur peccata sua et penitencias iniungebant et predicabant ad populum et multos simplices decipiebant. | In this year arrived in Bohemia thos perverted men from Germany which flagelliated themselves and each other under the eyes of the people. The layman confessed his sins to the laymend and received the penance and they preach to the folk and many simple people were tricked. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 516 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1348-00-00-Bologna-Bohemia | 1348 JL | After descrbing the effects of the Black Death in many parts of Europe, Francis states on Bohemia: Students travelling from Bologna to Bohemia saw a lot of dead and severely ill people. Most of the students died as well already on the way. | Eodem tempore quidam studentes de Bononia versus Boemian transeuntes viderunt, quod in civitatibus et in castellis pauci homines vivi remanserunt et in aliquibus omnes defuncti fuerunt, in multis quoque domibus, qui vivi remanserant et egritudine oppressi, unus alteri non potuit porrigere haustum aque, nec in aliquo ministrare, et sic in magna affliccione et anxietate decedebant. Sacerdotes quoque ministrantes sacramenta et medici egris medicamenta ab ipsis inficiebantur et moriebantur et plurimi sacerdotibus mortuis sine confessione et sacramentis ecclesie de hac vita migraverunt. Facte sunt autem fosse magne, late et profunde, in quibus corpora defunctorum sepeliebantur. In locis quoque pluribus infectus aer plus inficiebatur — qui plus nocet quam cibus corruptus — ex putredine cadaverum, quia non remansit superstes, qui sepeliret. Verumtamen de prefatis studentibus nisi unus fuit Boemian reversus sodalesque sui in via decesserunt. | At that time, certain students who were travelling from Bologna towards (versus) Bohemia saw that few humans remained alive in the cities and castles and in some, all were dead. In many houses, those who survived were so overcome by the disease that one could not carry a drink of water to another nor care for another in any way. Thus they withdrew in great torment and anguish. Priests ministering the sacraments and medics supplying medicaments got infected and died and many priests died without confession and the sacraments of the church and they moved away from this life. And in many places, the air became further infected from the rotting of corpses, becoming a greater threat than spoiled food, as no one survived to bury them. Of these students, only one returned to Bohemia. His companions died along the way. | Francis of Prague, Chronicon Francisci Pragensi, ed. Jana Zachová, Prague 1997, p. 204f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1348-00-00-Poland | 1348 JL | The Black Death appears in Poland and other kingdoms (Hungary, Bohemia, Denmark, France, Germany) caused by a polution of the air by the Jews. | Pestis horrenda in Polonia et aliis Regnis ex corruptione aeris per Iudaeos infecti: quam etiam terrae motus subsecutus est. Gravis epidemiae pestis apud Poloniae Regnum saeva mortalitate in universos irruens, non Poloniam tantummodo, sed et Hungariam, Bohemiam, Daciam, Franciam, Almanniam et fere universa Christianitatis et barbarica Regna horrenda lue quassavit. | There was a horrible plague in Poland and other kingdoms which resulted from the infection of the air by the Jews. And directly afterwards the earth shook. There was a grave epidemic of plague in the kingdom of Poland and a terrible mortality burst over them, not only in Poland, but also in Hungary, Bohemia, Denmark, France, Germany and pretty much the whole of Christianity and of the barbaric kingdoms where terribly shaken by the plague. | Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 252 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1350-00-00-Rome-Bohemia | 1350 JL | The Plague took place in Bohemia and many who fled to Rome (jubilee year) to escape it died there or on the way. | Anno Domini MCCCL in pluribus terris epydimia sive pestilencia genus humanum devastavit, sed tunc in Boemia eciam locum habebat, quam ob rem multi effugere volentes Romam iter arripuerunt et tamen ipsam non evaserunt. Unde de iis idem potest dici versus: Incidit in Cillam volens vitare Caribdim. Verumtamen securius et melius fuit eis ad animarum salutem in peregrinacione decedere, quam in propria patria in periculis manere. Et quia iste annus erat annus gracie et iubileus, multi Romam transeuntes pro indulgencia et gracia obtinenda de hac vita migraverunt: quidam in urbe Romana, quidam vero ab ipsa recedentes, quidam ad eandem accedentes. | In the year of our Lord 1350, in many lands, an epidemic or plague devastated the human race, and at that time it also took place in Bohemia, for which reason many desiring to escape undertook a journey to Rome, yet they did not escape it. Hence concerning them the same thing can be said as the verse: "He fell into Scylla wishing to avoid Charybdis." However, it was safer and better for them to depart on a pilgrimage for the salvation of souls than to remain in their own country in danger. And because this year was a year of grace and jubilee, many passing through Rome for the sake of obtaining indulgence and grace migrated from this life: some within the city of Rome, some coming from there, some approaching it. | Francis of Prague, Chronicon Francisci Pragensi, ed. Jana Zachová, Prague 1997, p. 212. | None |
| 1350-00-00-Rome-Bohemia-2 | 1350 JL | Jubilee year in Rome. A grave pestilence happened in all lands. Everybody wanted to evade the plague and receive indulgence in Rome but many died on the way or in the Holy City. | Iste fuit annus gracie et iublileus in Romana, unde per totum hunc annum fuit maximus concursus illuc hominum ex omnibus mundi partibus pro gracia et indulgencia obtinendis. Et quia pestilencia erat gravissima in omnibus terris, omnes volentes penitere et mortem effugere, illuc properabant. Multi eundo et redeundo et ibi morando mortui sunt. | In this year there was celebrated a Jubilee year of grace in Rome and throught the whole year, a great number of people from all parts of the world travelled there to receive grace and indulgence. And since the plague was most grave in all lands everybody hurried to do penance and avoid the death. Many died on the way to and from [Rome] and while staying there. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 520 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1359-10-05-Bohemia | 1358 JL | The archbishop of Prague, Arnošt of Pardubice, grants an indulgence of 40 days to everybody who will participate in processions held and masses read to appease God and make him relieve the land from the plague which has it in its grip since the previous year. | Cum corporalis infirmitas frequenter animi aegritudinem subsequatur, et e contra correctis et emendatis vitiis plaga propter peccatorum pondus inflicta desinit desaevire. Hinc est, quod, cum mortalitatis pestilentia ob multitudinem . . pecatorum nostrorum, sicut versimiliter formidamus, ante paucos annos transactos et etiam anno proxime praeterito patriam istam invasisset et nobis poenitentiam agentibus et cessantibus a peccando plaga illa cessavit a nobis, nunc vero recidivantibus nobis in peccata dimissa tamquam si canes ad vomitum revertantur, et forsam quod non sine amaritudine cordis adicimus, quia non veriti fuimus maxime peccata cumulare, prioribus pestilentia saevior iterato est reversa. Nam cum priori vice hominibus ipsius pestilentiae morbo infectis poenitentiae spatium ex misericordia Domini concedebatur per triduum, nunc ipso die, quo inficiuntur, ut plurimum moriuntur. | When bodily weakness frequently follows the distress of the soul, and, on the other hand, the wound inflicted due to the weight of sins ceases to rage when the faults are corrected and amended. Hence it is that, when the pestilence of mortality, on account of the multitude of our sins, as we reasonably fear, invaded this country a few years ago and even in the past year, and that plague ceased from us as we repented and refrained from sinning, but now, with us relapsing into forgiven sins, it returns as if dogs return to vomit, and perhaps we say this not without bitterness of heart because we were not afraid to accumulate sins to the utmost, the pestilence is returning with increased severity. For while, in the previous instance, space for repentance was granted to those afflicted with the disease of the pestilence for three days through the mercy of the Lord, now on the very day they are infected, they mostly die | Litera indulgencia contra pestem..., in: Libiri erectionum, vol. I, ed. Borový (1873), pp. 11-13, 12 | None |
| 1359-11-01-Bohemia | 1 November 1359 JL | A plague in Bohemia and the neighbouring areas. | Eo tempore (1359) circa Omnium Sanctorum fuit pestilencia gravis in Bohemia et in partibus Bohemie et circumsitis. | At that time (1359), around All Saints' Day, there was a severe pestilence in Bohemia and in the surrounding regions of Bohemia. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 8. | Translation by Martin Bauch; None; |
| 1361-00-00-Bohemia | 1361 JL | In this year many people in Bohemia died because of a famine and because of a plague. | Eodem anno [...] mortua sunt multa milia hominum per fame et alii ex pestilencia, que adhuc vigebat. | In this year [...] many thousand people died because of famine and others because of a plague which ruled until then. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 527 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1362-10-18-Bohemia | 18 October 1362 JL | The archbishop of Prague, Arnošt of Pardubice, announces in the statutes of an archiepiscopal synod an indulgence of 40 days for those who sing and take part in a mass against the plague (missa contra pestilentiam) with devotion. | Sane, dilectissimi, pluribus retroactis temporibus saeva pestilencia et nuperrime fames horribiles et valida justo Dei iudicio, ut nostis, innumeros homines peremerunt et nunc iterum ipsa pestilencia terribilis et dira certo rumore volante in vicinis nostris partibus crassatur. [...] eodem die missa contra pestilentiam [...] cum devotione cantetur, cui omnes qui possunt intererunt humiliter misericordiam implorantes divinam, ut jacula pestilentiae a nobis procul amoveat et repellat. | Certainly, beloved ones, in many past times, a cruel pestilence and recently a horrible and powerful famine, through the just judgment of God, as you know, have destroyed innumerable people. And now again, the same dreadful and dire pestilence is spreading in our neighboring regions with a certain rumor flying. [...] On the same day, let the Mass against pestilence [...] be sung with devotion, to which all who can attend humbly implore divine mercy, that the arrows of pestilence may be far removed and repelled from us. | Statutum synodale Arnesti AEpi..., in: Libiri erectionum, vol. I, ed. Borovy (1873), pp. 39f. | None |
| 1367-00-00-Bohemia | March 1367 JL | Following an inundation many people fall ill on a disease that would kill them within four days. | Eodem anno in Marcio et Aprili, statim post diluvium hoc, venit quedam subita pestilencia super omnem hominem, et rarus fuit in villis et civitatibus, qui non infirmaretur; sed Deo propicio tribus vel IIII diebus tantum duravit et pauci ex eadem mortui sunt. Sed communiter omnes homines infirmabantur. | In the same year in March and April, happening directly after this innundiation, a sudden plague went over all humans and there was hardly anyone in villages and cities who did not fall ill; but by the mercy of God it lasted only three or four days after which the unlucky among them were dead. But on the whole all humans got infected. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 535 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1369-00-00-Lombardy | 1369 JL | The king tried to conquer the Lombardy, but without success. The lords of Meygelon flooded a river (Po?), nearly drowning the emperor's army. A plague also struck the army. | do meinde der keyser, er wolte das lant han, und reysete in dem lande zu Lamparten von ostern untz sant Michels tag, doch gewan er keine stat noch vesten. und die herren von Meygelon verswelletent das wasser genant der Pot, und mahtent es usgona über das velt do der keyser und sin volg lag, das der keyser und das volg kume entrunnent, daz sü nüt erdrunkent. ouch kam gros sterbotte under das volg und sunderliche under die Beheme, der unzelliche vil do was. | The emperor intended to conquer the land and campaigned in the region of Lombardy from Easter until Saint Michael's Day. However, he did not succeed in capturing any town or fortress. The lords of Meygelon flooded the river called the Pot, causing it to overflow onto the field where the emperor and his army were camped. The emperor and his troops barely escaped drowning. Additionally, a great plague struck the army, particularly affecting the Bohemians, resulting in an innumerable number of deaths. | Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 491 | Translation by ChatGPT-3.5 |
| 1369-08-00-Bohemia | August 1369 JL | After having been crowned empress in Rome earlier this year, Elisabeth (of Pomerania) returns to Prague on August 20 where she is ceremonially received. Because there is pestilence in Bohemia, the emperor, Charles IV, returns after the celebration to Lombardy. The pestilence raged during the whole year and with the greatest intensity in the regions towards Austria. | Eodem anno die XX mensis Augusti domina Elizabeth, Romanorum imperatrix, hoc anno, ut supra dicitur, Rome per manus domini pape coronata, Pragam venit et cum omni solempnitate a clero et populo in civitate et ecclesia Pragensi suscipitur. Imperator vero, quia pestilencia erat in Bohemia, postquam reversus est de Lombardia. [...] Eodem anno, ut supra meminimus, permitente Deo propter peccata populi fuit maxima pestilencia in Boemia, et precipue in plaga illa versus Austriam, et duravit per annum integrum. Et cum appropinquaret Pragam et ibidem incepisset eciam invalescere, indicte sunt processiones et ieiunia, et placatus est dominus Deus paciens et multum misericors, et cessavit continuo pestilenciam. | In this year at the 20th day of the month of August, Lady Elizabeth, empress of the Romans, who in this year, as said above, had been crowned in Rome by the hands of the pope, returned to Prague and was received with all solemnity by the clergy and the people in the city and in the church of Prague. The emperor, however, because there was a pestilence in Bohemia, had returned to Lombardy afterwards. [...] In the same year, as mentioned above, by God's permission due to the sins of the people, there was a great pestilence in Bohemia, especially in that region towards Austria, and it lasted for a whole year. And when it approached Prague and began to intensify there, processions and fasts were instituted, and the Lord God, patient and very merciful, was appeased, and the pestilence ceased immediately. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 539f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1370-00-00-Bohemia | 1370 JL | In this year a great pestilence occured in Bohemia and at its borders. | Unde permissione divina maxima pestilencia fuit in omnibus partibus et finibus Boemie. | With divine permission the greatest pestilence occured in all parts and at the borders of Bohemia. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 542 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1371-00-00-Bohemia | 1371 JL | A grave pestilence occured in this year in all lands as well as in Bohemia whith a great number of dead people. | et immisit Dominus pestilenciam gravissimam in omnibus terris et provinciis Boemie, et mortua sunt infinita milia hominum, et sicuti non fuit. | And the Lord send a grave pestilence to all lands an [to] the provinces of Bohemia, and infinite thousands of people were killed and the are no examples for this. | Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 545 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia | 3 May 1380 JL | Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from Ascension Day (May 3) to the day of St Michael (September 29) | Viguit magna pestilencia in Bohemia, et incepit a festo ascensionis duravitque usque ad festum sancti Michaelis. | A great pestilence ruled in Bohemiae and it started at the feast of Ascension and lasted until the feast of St Michael. | Annales Bohemiae Brevissimi, ed. G.H. Pertz (MGH SS, 17) p. 719-721, p. 721 | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia-1 | 3 May 1380 JL | Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from Ascension Day (May 3) to the day of St Michael (September 29) | Anno 1380. Viguit magna pestilencia Prage in Bohemia, & incepit ab Ascensione Domini, & duravit usque ad festum sancti Michaelis. | Year 1380. A great pestilence ruled in Prague and [in the whole of] Bohemiae and it started at the feast of the ascension of the Lord and it lasted until the feast of St Michael. | Benessius Minorita, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 23-78, p. 63. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia-2 | 13 May 1380 JL | Great mortality in Bohemia which lasted from Pentecost (May 13) to the day of St Wenceslas (September 28). | Anno Domini 1380 incepit mortalitas magna in terra Bohemie circa festum Penthecostes et duravit usque ad festum sancti Wenczeslai. | In the year of the Lord 1380 a great mortality came to Bohemiae around the feast of Pentecost and it lasted until the feast of St Wenceslas. | Anonymous, Chronicon Bohemiae Lipsiense, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. VII, s.a.) p. 5-8, p. 5. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia-3 | 13 July 1380 JL | Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margarethe (July 13) until winter. | Anno Domini 1380. Pestilencia non modica in Boemia instaurata agesto s. Margarethe usque ad yemem perduravit. | Year of the Lord 1380. A considerable plague was instated in Bohemia, lasting from the feast of Saint Margaret until winter. | Anonymous, Chronicon Bohemicum Pragense, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. VII, s.a.) p. 10-13, p. 11. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia-4 | 13 July 1380 JL | Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margareth (July 13) until autumn. | Item léta božieho 1380 počel se mor v Čechách o svaté panně Markrethě a byl po všie České zemi až do podzimi. | In the year of the Lord 1380, the plague began in Bohemia on the feast of the Holy Virgin Margaret, and was all over Bohemia until autumn. | Kronika Bartoška z Drahonic, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. V, 1893), p. 589-628, p. 628. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-00-00-Bohemia-5 | 13 July 1380 JL | Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margaret (July, 13 1380) to the day of All Saints (November, 1 1381). | Anno Domini 1380 & 81. fuit pestilencia per totam terram Bohemie, incepit a festo S. Margarethe, & duravit usque festum Omnium Sanctorum. | Years of the Lord 1380 and 1381. There was a plague through the whole land of Bohemia. It started at the feast of St Margaret and it lasted until the feast of All Saints. | Second continuator of the Pulkava chronicle, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 131-137, p. 133. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1380-07-00-Bohemia | July 1380 JL | Outbreak of plague in Prague and Bohemia, with 1100 people dying per week. German students return from there home. | In mense Iulio (1380) fuit Pragis et Bohemie magna pestilencia, ut quasi omnes studentes timore mortis recesserint. Tunc dicebatur quod una septimana 1100 homines ibi moriebantur. | In the month of July (1380), there was a great pestilence in Prague and Bohemia, to the extent that almost all the students returned from there, fearing for their life. At that time, it was said that within one week, 1100 people were dying there. | Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 46 | Translation by Martin Bauch; None; |
| 1382-00-00-Bohemia | 1382 JL | In a charter from 20 April 1382 Semovit, Duke of Cieszyn and prior of the order of St John in Bohemia states that large parts of the inhabitants of the city of Manětín had been killed by a plague "not long ago" (1380/81?) while others had moved away. With this charter, he sells the town to its remaining inhabitants. | Semovitus, Dei gratia dux Teschinensis, prior Bohemiae ordinis Hospitalis sancti Joannis Hierosolimitani, notum fieri volumus omnibus in perpetuum praesentibus et futuris hominibus, harum seriem litterarum audituris, quod peste crudeli in genus humanum tempore non longe retroacto ex permissione divina immaniter saeviante maxima pars populi in civitate ordinis nostri Manetin corruit et ab hoc saeculo emigravit. | Semovitus, by the grace of God Duke of Cieszyn, prior of Bohemia of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, wish it to be known to all present and future people who shall hear the series of these letters, that in the past not long ago, with divine permission, through a cruel plague raging fiercely over the human race, a great part of the population in the city of our order, Manětín, fell and departed from this world. | Codex Iuris Municipalis, vol. IV/1, p. 175f., no. 122 | None |
| 1382-04-20-Silesia | 1380 JL | Duke Semovitus of Cieszyn (Teschen), prior of the knights of St John in Bohemia states in a charter of April 20th 1382 that recently a plague wave has more or less depopulated the town of Manětín (western Bohemia) and grants certain tax and inheritance advantages to the survivors. | Semovitus, Dei gratia dux Teschinensis, prior Bohemiae ordinis Hospitalis sancti Joannis Hierosolimitani, notum fieri volumus omnibus in perpetuum praesentibus et futuris hominibus, harum seriem litterarum audituris, quod peste crudeli in genus humanum tempore non longe retroacto ex permissione divina immaniter saeviante maxima pars populi in civitate ordinis nostri Manetin corruit et ab hoc seculo emigravit [...] | Semovita, by the grace of God duke of Cieszyn, prior of the Bohemian order of St John. We wish it to be known to all present and future individuals who will hear the text of these writings that, not long ago, a cruel plague raged horribly by divine permission among the greatest part of the population of the city of our order, Manětín, and they departed from this world [...]. | Codex iuris municipalis regni Bohemiae, vol. 4, 1 (1954), p. 175f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1384-00-00-Poland | 1384 JL | In this year raged a great plague in the Mediterranean, in lower Pomerania, in the regions of Sandomierz, Cracov, Bohemia, Silesia and Poland. | 107. De pestilentia hominum in diversis mundi partibus saeviente. Anno quoque eodem Romae, in tota fere Italia ac circa mare mediterraneum, in terris quae Meraniae noncupantur et in Pomorania inferiori ac in partibus Sandomiriae, Cracoviae, Bohemiae, Sleziae et Poloniae, per loca tamen diversa, magna pestilencia saeviebat, in qua multi praelati et canonici Poloni Romae et extra obierunt. | About the plague among humans which raged in different parts of the world. In this year in Rome, in almost the whole of Italy and around the Mediterranean, in lands which the Meraniae (?) did not inhabit and in lower Pomerania and in the regions of Sandomierz, Cracov, Bohemia, Silesia and Poland, thus, in very different places, a great plague raged in which many Polish prelates in- and outside of Rome died. | Joannis de Czarnkow, Chronicon Polonorum, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. 2, p. 619-756, 751f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1386-02-24-Bohemia | 1380 JL | In 1386 (?) The convent of the Premonastensian monastery of Teplice, (northwestern Bohemia) grants benefits to the inhabitants of the town of Hroznětín (Lichtenstadt), who have been burdened by the plague as well as by taxes and other extractions. | abbas [...] totusque conventus monasterii Teplensis Premonstratensis ordinis Pragensis diocesis recognoscimus et notum facimus tenore praesentium universis, praesentibus et futuris, quod iudex et iurati totaque communitas pauperum et fidelium nostrorum Lucidae Civitatis, attoniti pestilencia hominum, quae proxime Domino permitente nimis invaluerat, tum propter frequentes exactiones et bernas regales, tum ut possessiones et bona desolata nostri monasterii melius citius locarentur et reformarentur [...] | The abbot [...] and the whole convent of the Premonastensian monastery of Teplice, diocese of Prague, acknowledge and make it known to all, present and future, by the tenor of these presented [letters], that the judge, the sworn, and the entire community of the poor and faithful in our town of Hroznětín was struck by the plague of humans, which had recently, with the permission of the Lord, excessively prevailed. Both because of frequent exactions and royal taxes, and in order that the desolate possessions and goods of our monastery might be more quickly and effectively leased and restored [...]. | Codex iuris municipalis regni Bohemiae, vol. 4, 1 (1954), p. 191f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1413-00-00-Bohemia | 24 June 1413 JL | A great mortality starts in Bohemia after the feast of St John the Baptist (June 24). | Magna mortalitas post Johannis [fuit in Bohemia]. | There was a great mortality [in Bohemia] after the feast of St. John. | München, BSB, Clm 26666, fol. 134v (zit. F. Graus, Autour de la peste noire au XIVe siècle en Bohême, in: Annales ESC, xviii (1963), p. 724. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1413-00-00-Bohemia-1 | 1413 JL | A great cough was in Bohemia which made the people vulnerable for all sorts of diseases. | Et eodem anno venit tuffis maxima omnibus hominibus communiter in Boemia, per quam gravati multis infirmitatibus sunt oppresi. | And in the same year (1413) a very great cough came to all men in all of Bohemia, through which many were heavily oppressed by various illnesses. | Benessius Minorita, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 23-78, p. 67. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1457-11-23-Prague | 23 November 1457 JL | 1457, November 23, Ladislaus, king of Bohemia and Hungary and duke of Austria died of the plague in Prague. | Anno Domini MCCCCLVII in die sancti Clementis domnus Ladislaus Bohemie et Hungarie rex et Austrie dux Prage de peste epidemie moritur et in ecclesia Pragensi in sepulcro proavi sui Karoli sepelitur. | In the year of the Lord 1457 on the day of St Clement lord Ladislaus, king of Bohemia and Hungary and duke of Austria died of the plague in Prague and he was buried in the [cathedral] church of Prague in the grave of his progenitor Charles [Emperor Charles IV]. | Calendarium Cracoviense, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, pp. 906-941, 937f. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
| 1463-00-00-Empire | 1463 JL | A plague is ravaging in the whole Holy Roman Empire, especially in the South | Pestis valida faevit per Bavariam, Austriam, Bohemiam, Sueviam & quasi per totam Germaniam multos mortales absumens. | A strong pestilence ravaged in Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia and Swabia, and almost all over Germany it killed many people. | Staindel 1764, p. 538 | Translation by Martin Bauch |
| 1475-00-00-Bohemia | 1475 JL | Locusts destroyed many crops in Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia and Lusatia and caused a mortal disease among the pigs. | A. 1475 haben die Heuschrecken in Böhmen, Schlesien und Mähren, auch Laussnitz alle Garten-Früchte aufgefressen, und liessen einen grässlichen Gestanck hinter sich, erregten auch unter denen Schweinen, so selbe frassen, eine Seuche daran sie sturben. | In 1475, the locusts in Bohemia, Silesia and Moravia as well as in Lusatia ate up all the garden crops, leaving behind them a terrible stink, and also caused an epidemic among the pigs that ate them, from which they died. | Daniel Gomolcke, Fortsetzung der Wasser-Historie in Ober- und Nieder-Schlesien (Breslau 1736), p. 46. | Translation by Christian Oertel |
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