1360

In 1360, a total of 11 epidemic events are known so far. It is a year. See also time and timelines.

Timeline

Table

Table

Page	DateStart date of the disease.	SummarySummary of the disease event	OriginalOriginal text	TranslationEnglish translation of the text	ReferenceReference(s) to literature	Reference translationReference(s) to the translation
1358-00-00-Strasbourg	1358 JL	A plague came to Strasbourg, similar to the previous one, thus a new graveyard had to be built.	Ein sterbote. Do man zalt 1358 jor, do kam ein gemein sterben zu Strosburg uf die selbe zit des jores. daz was nüt also groß alse daz vorder, doch was es nüt vil kleiner. daz kam von Niderlant heruf, do kam das erste von Oberlande herabe. zu disen zwein sterboten gebrast armen luten begrebede zu dem munster, darumbe maht man dernoch einen nüwen lichofe bi der steinhütten. daz geschach in dem jore do man zalt von gotz gebürte 1360 jor.	A dying In the year 1358, a widespread plague came to Strasbourg at the same time of year. It was not as severe as the previous one, but it was not much smaller. This plague came up from the lower land, whereas the first one had come down from the upper land. Due to these two plagues, the burial ground for the poor overflowed, and thus a new graveyard was established near the stone cottage. This happened in the year 1360 according to the counting from the birth of Christ.	Fritsche Closener 1870, p. 121.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5
1358-00-00-Strasbourg 001	1358 JL	A plague which came from the lower land and a new cemetery had to be built.	Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1358 jor, do was ein gros sterbotte zu Strosburg. der kam von Nyderlant heruf und das erste sterben kam von Oberlant herabe. in disem sterbotte gebrast armen lüten begrebede zu dem münster, derumb mahte men dernoch einen nuwen lichof zum münster bi der steinhütten, noch gotz gebürde 1360 jor.	A dying. In the year 1358, a great dying was in Strasbourg, which came from the lower land and the first dying came from the upper land. In this plague burial space for the poor people at the cathedral became full, so in 1360, a new cemetery was created next to the church near the stone houses.	Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 771.	Translation by Moritz Uebelhack
1360-00-00-Damascus	1360 JL	Devasting plague in Damascus and Cairo. The reason is only known to god and gods will is more powerful than natural influence.	Della grande pistolenzia che percosse li Saracini. In questo anno pestilenzia di febri fu in Damasco e al Caro tanto fuori di modo, che sanza niuno riparo quasi generalmente ogni gente uccidea; il perché si credette che lle province di là rimanessono disolate e sanza abitatore, e sse guari tempo fosse durata avenia. Li morti furono tanti, che stimare numero certo o vicino non si poté. La cagione onde mossa a dDio solo, o ccui lo rivela, è manifesta. La naturale nicissità, la quale surge dalla influenza de' cieli e delle stelle, dà luogo alla nicisità soluta che procede dalla sua volontà.	Of the great plague that struck the Saracens In that year, a fever plague raged so violently in Damascus and Cairo that it carried off almost the entire population without any defence. It was believed that the provinces there would remain devastated and uninhabited if the plague continued for much longer. The number of deaths was so great that it was impossible to make an exact or even approximate estimate. The cause of this plague was known only to God or to those to whom he revealed it. The natural necessity arising from the influence of the heavens and the stars gave way to the divine necessity arising from his will.	Matteo Villani 1995,Vol. 2, p. 506	None
1360-00-00-Europe	April 1360 JL	The passage describes the way in which the plague spread, beginning in England in April and May and then spread to France, Lombardy, Romagne, Marche and Majorca. Matteo Villani criticised the persistence of people in their sins and the forgetting of the Judgement Day.	Della pistolenzia dell'anguinaia ricominciata in diversi paesi del mondo, e di sua operazione. In Inghilterra d'aprile e di maggio si cominciò, e seguitò di giugno e più inanzi, la pistolenzia dell'anguinaia usata, e ffuvi tale e tanta, che nella città di Londra il dì di san Giovanni e 'l seguente morirono più di MCC Cristiani, e in prima e poi per tutta l'isola. Gran fracasso fece per simile ne reame di Francia: nella Proenza trafisse ogni maniera di gente. Vignone corruppe in forma che no vi campava persona: morironvi nove cardinali, e più di VIIC plelati e gran cherici, e popolo inumerabile. E di maggio e giugno si stese e percosse la Lombardia, e prima Commo e Pavia, co tanta roina, che quais le recò in desolazione. In Milano misse il capo, dove altra volta nonn-era stata, e tirò a terra il popolo quasi affatto, con grande orrore e spavento di chi rimanea. Vinegia toccò in più riprese, e tolsele oltre a XXM viventi. La Romagna opressò forte e assai quasi per tutte sue terre, ma ppiù l'una che l'altra, e nell'entrata del verno cominciò a restare i Lombardia, e a gravare la Marca, e lla città d'Agobbio forte premette. L'isola della Maiolica perdé oltre alle tre parti de li abitanti. Né lasciò l'alpi delli Ubaldini sanza macolo per molti de' (p. 514) luoghi suoi. E molti paesi del mondo inn-uno tempo erano di questo pistolenzia corrotti, né già quelli a ccui parea che Dio perdonasse no ritornavano a llui per contrizione, partendosi dalle iniquitadi e dalle prave operazioni ostinate, e come le bestie del macello, veggendo l'altre nelle mani del beccaio col coltello svenare, saltavano liete nella pastura, quasi come a lloro non dovesse toccare, ma più dimenticando li uomini il giudicio divino si davano sfacciatamente alle rapine, alle guerre, e al mantenere compagne contra ogni uomo, alle ingiurie de' prossimi, e alle disoluta vita, e a' mali guadagni assai più che nelli altri tempi, corompendo la speranza della misericordia di Dio per lo male ingegno delle perverse menti; e cciò per manifesta sperienza si vide in tutte le parti del mondo dove la detta pistolenzia mostrò il giudicio di Dio.	On the resurgence of the plague of the groin in various countries of the world and its effects In England, the familiar plague of the abdomen began in April and May and continued through June and beyond. It was so devastating that on St John's Day and the following day, more than 1200 Christians died in the city of London, as well as before and after throughout the island. The plague caused similar chaos in the Kingdom of France; in Provence it affected people of all kinds. In Avignon, it raged so strongly that no one there was spared: nine cardinals died, over 700 prelates and great clerics as well as countless people from the populace. In May and June, it spread to Lombardy, first to Como and Pavia, causing such destruction that these cities were almost depopulated. In Milan, where it had not been before, it caused great damage and decimated almost the entire population, causing great fear and terror among the survivors. Venice was hit in several waves and lost over 20,000 people. Romagna was hit hard, almost all towns were affected, some more than others. At the end of the winter, the plague began to subside in Lombardy, while it hit the Marche hard and put the city of Gubbio under severe pressure. On the island of Majorca, over three quarters of the population died. Even the Alps of the Ubaldini were not spared, and many of their towns were badly hit. At the same time, many countries of the world were afflicted by this plague, and those who believed that God had mercy on them did not return to him through repentance, but persisted in their sins and evil deeds. Like cattle for the slaughter, seeing their fellow animals in the hands of the butcher with a knife, they jumped happily to the pasture as if they would not be hit. But people, forgetting divine judgement, shamelessly indulged in robbery, wars and maintaining gangs against everyone, committing injustice against their neighbours, living a dissolute life and seeking ill-gotten gains, far more than at other times. This corrupted the hope of God's mercy by the evil nature of their perverse minds; and this could be observed in all parts of the world, where the aforementioned plague showed the judgement of God.	Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 2, pp. 514-515.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5; Translation by DeepL;
1360-00-00-Florence	1360 JL	Throughout the summer clear weather and heat, which leaded to abundant harvest of grain, wine and other crops. High mortality in western parts, but also in Italy many diseases with death, for exampel an epidemic of smallpox among children but also among men and women higher age.	Ancora dello stato del tempo e della moria dell'anguinaia Questo anno fu singulare di continovo sereno tutta la state, e di notabile caldo, e ebbe secondo il lungo tempo secco e caldo comunale ricolta di grano e di vino, e degli altri frutti della terra, ma la moria fu (p. 456) grandissima i molte parti occidentali, come narrato di sopra avemo, e lla Italia ebbe molti infermi di lunghe malatie, ed assai morti; e generale infermità di vaiuolo fu nella state di fanciulli e ne' garzoni, ed eziandio nelli uomini e femine di maggiori etadi, ch'era cosa di stupore e fastidiosa a vedere.	About the weather and the inguinal plague This year was characterised by continuously clear weather throughout the summer, accompanied by remarkable heat. Due to the prolonged drought and heat, the harvest of grain, wine and other crops was abundant. However, mortality was very high in many western parts, as described above, and Italy also had many sick with protracted diseases and numerous deaths. In summer there was a general epidemic of smallpox among children and youths, as well as among men and women of advanced age, which was astonishing and unpleasant to see.	Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 455-456	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5; Translation by DeepL;
1360-00-00-Pleskov	1360 JL	The second wave of the plague (Black Death?) in Pskov	Того же лѣта [6868] <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> бысть моръ силенъ въ Плесковѣ, и прислаша послове плесковици къ владыцѣ с молбою и челобитьемъ, чтобы, ѣхавши, благословилъ бы еси нас, своих дѣтеи, и владыка, ѣхавъ, благослови их и городъ Пьсковъ съ кресты обходи, и литургии три совръши, прииха в Новъград, а плесковицамъ оттолѣ нача лучши бывати милость божиа, и преста моръ.	The same year [6868] there was a great plague in Pleskov, and the men of Pleskov sent envoys to the Vladyka with prayer and beating of the forehead, that, having come, thou mightest bless us, thy children. And the Vladyka went and blessed them; and went round the town of Pskov with crosses and performed three liturgies and returned to Novgorod; and thenceforward the men of Pleskov were better deserving of God's mercy, and the plague ceased.	Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 367.	None
1360-00-00-Poland	1360 JL	In this year a great plague broke out in Poland after which all Jews were killed by the Christians in different ways. Some Jews killed themselves and their families.	1360. Fuit magna pestilencia hominum in Polonia. Tunc eodem anno omnes Judey a Christianis necati sunt et occisi, alii vero combusti, alii vero suspensi, alii se ipsos, uxores et filios et filias cum cultellis in gutture necaverunt.	1360. There was a great plague of humans in Poland. Following this, in the same year all Jew were killed and slaughtered by the Christians. Some were burned, some were hanged, some killed themselves and their wives and sons and daughters by cutting their throats with small knives.	Annales Sandivogii, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, pp. 872-880, 880	Translation by Christian Oertel
1360-00-00-Poland 2	29 September 1360 JL	A vast plague occured in Poland as well as in western kingdoms including those of Hungary and Bohemia. In Poland, it started around the feast of St Michael (Sept. 29) and raged in towns, villages and rural areas. In Cracov 20,000 people fell fictim to it. Generally, more than 50% of the people were killed among all layers of society.	1360. Pestis ingens in Polonia. Cladem apud [Poloniam] acceptam gravior clades, tolerabilior tamen et quae humanis sensibus non poterat refelli, insequta est. Pestis enim epidimitica, sive a Divinitate propter multiplices hominum transgressiones, in ultionis locum immissa, sive a siderum disposicione, constellacione et coniunccione, sive ex quacumque alia ignota accidenti causa in universa fere Occidentis regna ebulliens, etiam Polonie, Hungarie et Bohemie regna, provinciasque eis subiectas et vicinas infecit, adeo quoque in civitates, opida, vicos et rura Regni Poloniae grassata est, ut partem maiorem hominum de singulis statibus in sexu utroque per menses sex, quibus continue diffundebat virus suum, absumpserit. Aput Cracowiensem vero solam urbem viginti hominum milia peste huiusmodi decessisse comperta sunt; aput nonnulla vero opida, vicos et rura tam ingentem stragem dedit, ut omnia ad solitudinem redegerit, sed nec extabant, qui cadentibus et deficientibus officium sepultarae impenderent. Absque exemplo mortalitas ipsa ferebatur provenisse, quoniam maiori parte mortalium deleta, opida et rura vacua habitatoribus cernebantur. Cepit autem pestis praedicta circa festum sancti Michaelis, que per febres, bocios, carbunculos et antraces magnam stragem edidit, et interpellatim, non tamen sine augmento serpendo usque ad medium anni insequentis, et postea ita furiose usque ad tres menses suas dilatavit fimbrias, quod in plerisque locis vix dimidietatem reliquerid gencium, in eo vel maxime a superiori, quae ante annos duodecim provenerat, differens, quod prior plures absumpserat populares, hec plures nobiles et locupletes, pueros et mulieres.	Poland now suffers another and more grievous disaster, though one easier to bear, sent, perhaps, by God to punish mankind's many sins, or the result of some special juxtaposition of the stars, or other unknowm cause, a plague-like epidemic which sweeps through almost every kingdom in the West, including Poland, Hungary and Bohemia. It is so severe in towns and villages that, in the course of six months, it kills the greater part of the population, whatever their station of sex. It is said, that in the city of Cracow alone 20,000 people died and in the villages and settlements the mortality was such that the countryside became a virtual wilderness, in which there were not people enough to bury the dead. It started about St. Michael's Day and lasted until half way through the following year, b which time in many places only half the population remained. It differed from the earlier plague of twelve years before in that the latter's fatalities were meinly among the populace, but this time its victims are among the genty and the well-to-do, who suffere the same fevers, abcesses, carbuncles and boils.	Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 301f.	None
1360-00-00-Sweden	1360 JL	Note by Nils Birgersson, dean in Uppsala c. 1390–1420 on the black death in Sweden in 1360. Due to the high mortality among children, it was called barnadöden (= children’s death)	Iterum pestilencia fuit magna que vocabatur barnadødh.	Again there was a great pestilence which was called children's death.	Göte Paulsson: Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik. Lund, 1974, p. 286	Translation by Carina Damm
1360-05-00-Flandern	May 1360 JL	The plague reappeared in Flanders and one third died of it, especially the common people. In the diocese of Liège more than the half of the people died. It raged especially in these countries, which were spared previously. The passages talks about the symptoms and that in Poland the jews were persecuted and killed, because they were accused of being the reason for the plague.	Come mortalità dell'anguinaia ricominciò in diverse parti del mondo Nonn-è da llasciare in oblazione la moria mirabile dell'anguinaia in questo anno ricominciata, simile a quella che prencipio ebbe nel MCCCXLVIII insino nel MCCCL, come narrammo nel cominciamento del primo libro di questo nostro trattato. Questa pistilenzia ricominciò del mese di maggio in Fiandra, che di largo il terzo de' cittadini e oltra morirono, offendendo più il minuto popolo e povera gente che a' mezzani, maggiori e forestieri, che pochi ne perirono, e duròvi insino all'uscita d'ottobre del detto anno, e così seguitò per l'altra Fiandra. In Brabante toccò poco, e così in Piccardia, ma nel vescovado di Legge fé spaventevole dammaggio, però che lla metà di viventi periro. Dipoi si venne stendendo nella bassa Allamagna toccando non generalmente ogni terra, ma quasi quelle dove prima non avea gravate, e valicò nel Frioli e nella Schiavonia; e ffu di quella medesima infertà d'enfiatura d'anguinaia e sotto il ditello come la prima generale, e ssì era passato dal tempo di quella e suo cominciamento a cquello di questa per ispazio di XIIII anni, e anni X della fine di quella a cquesta, essendo alcuna volta tra questo tempo ritocca ora in uno ora in altro luogo, man non grande come questo anno, certificando li uomini correnti nel male che lla mano di Dio nonn-è stanca né limitata da costellazioni nè dda fisiche ragioni. Adivenne nel Frioli e in (p. 449) Ungheria che lla moria cominciata inn-enfiatura tornò in uscimento di sangue, e poi si convertì in febre, e molti febricosi farnetici, ballando e cantando morivano. E in questi tempi occorse cosa assai degna di nota, che in Pollonia, nelle parti confinanti colle terre dello 'mperio, essendo in esse grandissima quantità di Giudei, li paesani cominciarono a mormorare, dicendo che questa pistolenzia loro venia per li Giudei; onde li Giudei temendo a rre loro mandarono de' loro anziani a cchiederli misercordia, e ffecioli gran doni di muneta, e d'una corona di smisurata valuta; lo re conservare li volea, ma lli popoli furiosi no ssi poterono quietare, ma correndo straboccatamente tra' Giudei, e quasi a ultima consumazione, con ferro e ffuoco oltre a XM Giudei spensono, e alla camera del loro re tutti li loro beni furono incorporati.	How the inguinal plague resurged in different parts of the world It should not go unmentioned that the remarkable death of the plague of the groin reappeared this year, similar to the one that began in 1348 and lasted until 1350, as we reported in the first book of this treatise. This plague began in Flanders in May, where more than a third of the citizens died, and it particularly affected the common people and the poor, while the middle class, the wealthy and foreigners suffered few losses. It lasted there until the end of October of the same year and continued throughout Flanders. In Brabant, few were affected, as in Picardy, but it caused devastating damage in the diocese of Liège, where half the population died. It then spread to Lower Germany, not touching every country but mainly those that had previously been spared, and reached Friuli and Schiavonia. It was the same disease with swellings in the groin and under the arm as the first great plague, and fourteen years had passed from the beginning of the first to this, and ten years from the end of the first to this, during which time the plague sometimes reappeared in one place or another, but never so strongly as this year. This confirmed to men that the hand of God is neither tired nor limited by constellations or physical causes. In Friuli and Hungary the plague began with swellings, then turned into haemorrhages, and finally into fever, and many of those suffering from fever died in delusions, dancing and singing. During these times, a remarkable thing happened in Poland, in the border areas of the empire, where there were large numbers of Jews. The natives began to murmur, saying that this plague was coming through the Jews; so the Jews, in their fear, sent some of their elders to the king to beg for mercy, and they made him great gifts of money and a crown of immeasurable value. The king wanted to protect them, but the enraged people could not be pacified and charged against the Jews, killing more than ten thousand Jews with iron and fire and incorporating all their possessions into the royal chamber.	Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2 pp. 448-449.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5; Translation by DeepL;
1360-10-26-Milan	26 October 1360 JL	Francesco Petrarca does not want to leave Milan, where a severe plague was raging, as he writes to a doctor friend	Illud autem quod ex hox aere semper hactenus laudato, nunc nescio cur infami, me ad patriam tuam saluberrimasque Alpium radices anxius atque solicitus vocas [...] (p. 132) Ut ergo pestem fugiam, que hactenus urbem hanc terruit potiusquam invasit, quot sunt alia, quam diversa mortis spicula, quibus assequitur fugientes et quorum forte plurimis subductum uni caput obicio!	That you are summoning me from this region, which was always praised but is now inexplicably vilified, to your homeland and the splendidly healthy valley floor of the Alps, demonstrates, as always, your faithfulness. [...] (p. 548) How can I escape the plague that has hitherto 'terrified this city more than conquest'? The number of deadly arrows with which it pursues the fleeing is vast, so should I expose my head, which may have barely escaped the multitude, to perhaps just one?	Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV, pp. 132–133	None

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