1259

In 1259, a total of 23 epidemic events are known so far. It is a year. See also time and timelines.

Timeline

Table

Table

Page	DateStart date of the disease.	SummarySummary of the disease event	OriginalOriginal text	TranslationEnglish translation of the text	ReferenceReference(s) to literature	Reference translationReference(s) to the translation
1258-00-00-St. Albans	1258 JL	Plague among sheeps in St. Albans.	et pecudes necuit pubescentes, ita ut ovium et agnorum pestis fieret generalis	and killed the young livestock, resulting in a widespread pestilence among sheep and lambs.	Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, p. 674.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Alessandria	1259 JL	A plague disturbed a peace and raged also north of the alps.	Ceterum hanc ipsorum quietem aliquamdiu perturbavit vis pestilentiae, quae, tota fere Cisalpina Gallia debacchata, illos itidem vellicavit	Moreover, their peace was disturbed for some time by the force of a pestilence, which, having ravaged almost all of Cisalpine Gaul, also afflicted them.	Annales Alexandrini 1857, col. 233.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Bohemia	1259 JL	Flagellants appear in Bohemia, go through the whole country and come into conflict with the established clergy. Many Bohemians (men and women) go with them. They are persecuted by the Roman Church.	Von gotes geburt her abe / czwelfhundirt gar / vnd dar nach nun vnd funfzcig iar; / Von den, di in der buz / gingin mit dez tufils gruz. / vnd der sel ein swer val / vndir einer neuwen tat / waz czu licht komen drat, / in dem vorgnantin iar / czu Behem quam fur war. / Do gingin blose leut / durch daz gancze lant wit, / di indecktin dy ruk / vf er cleins gluk / vnd slugin sich mit geisziln / den ruk voln kreiszil. / Si stracktin sich in daz kot, / vnd daz waz der sel tot. / Gotis dinst si smechtin, / di pristirschaf si echtin; / si sprachin: "Vnsir buzze ist der sel suzse / vnd beszir, wen vwir schrein." / Si hiszin laszin sin / gotis ampt vor nit, / und daz tetin dy lut. / Di bemisch herrin / sohin si von verrin / also durch daz lant gen. / Si sprachin zcu den: / "Wi turt er daz getun / an vnsir viszin iczun?" / Mit in gingin si bi nom / vnd slugin sich alsom. / Di frouwen in irn scharin / sach man alsam gebarin; / si tetin als di gouch / vnd geisiltin sich ouch. / Hettin si gewolt, / daz ez der sel frumen solt, / so soltin si ez bi tagin / czu buz intphangin habin / von den pristirn gelesin; / so wer ez der sel nucz gewesin. / Abir dy erstin nacktin / bosen vorsacz trachtin, / wan si slugin sich ser / vm den tufil Lucifer, / daz der gar vngenem / uf sinen stul widir quem. / Vnd do von in dysze mer / virnomen dy Romer, / si in aln czu stur / gabin ein buz mit dem fur / als andern keczern, / di si woltin mern. / Di keczir sint mit ganczir ger / des tufils diner, / vnd daz warn dy. / Dar vm offintin si / ir heilkeit misstetlich, / daz schied si von dem himilrich.	After the birth of God in the twelfhundred and fifty ninth year; of those who went in penitence with the salute of the devil. Doing their souls no good choice by this new deed that came to light in the named year in Bohemia. Naked people went through the whole land. They covered their backs with beatings by whips. They layed down in excrement and that was the death for their souls. They reviled the devine service and the clergy and they said: "Our penitence is the food of the soul and it is better than your shouting." They demanded the devine service to stop and the people did so. The Bohemian lords saw them go through the land from far and said: "How come they do this without our knowledge?" But they went with them and beated themselves. The flock of the women behaved likewise: they did the same and joined them. If they had wanted to help their souls they should have received the order of penitence by day and from the priests. But those nakeds had a bad scheme from the beginning: They beated themselves hard in order to bring the devil Lucifer back on his throne. When the Romans came to know of them, they let them atone by fire as they did with other heretics. The heretics are with their whole desire servants of the devil and so they were. Therein they advertised their failed holiness and this seperated them from the kingdom of heaven.	Di tutsch kronik von Behem lant, ed. Vlastimil Brom, Brno 2009, pp. 504-508	Translation by Christian Oertel
1259-00-00-Borgo San Donino	1259 JL	The greatest mortality in Borgo San Donino.	Dominus Rubinus senex erat et plenus dierum et misit pro me, eo anno quo fuit mortalitas maxima et quo Icilinus de Romano captus fuit in bello, scilicet MCCLIX; et confessus est mecum et bene ordinavit de anima sua et mortuus est in senectute bona, transiens de hoc mundo ad Patrem.	Lord Rubino was old and full of days. He sent for me in that year (1259) when there was the greatest mortality and when Ezzelino da Romano was captured in war, namely, in the year 1259. He confessed with me and arranged well for his soul, and he died in good old age, passing from this world to the Father.	Template:Salimbene De Adam 1998/99, Vol. 2, pp. 548.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Dijon	6 April 1259 JL	Strong mortality around Dijon.	1259. Hoc anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas hominum in toto mundo, ita ut pauce domus essent in quibus aliquis sanus inveniretur; cepitque inicium hec mortalitas in magna ebdomada ante pascha, duravitque circiter unum mensem	In the year 1259, there was an illness and mortality of people throughout the whole world, such that there were few houses in which a healthy person could be found. This mortality began in Holy Week before Easter and lasted for about one month.	Template:Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844, p. 50	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Ireland	1259 JL	A cough affected humans and horses in Innisfallen.		A common cough this year affecting human beings and horses, which was called galar na placodi.		None
1259-00-00-Italy	1259 JL	Price increase, famine and epidemics throughout Italy	In questo mentre si ritrouaua tutta l'Italia grandemente afflitta, & per la gran carestia che da ogni parte s'haueua di tutte le cose attenenti al vitto humano, & per la vniuersal pestilentia che da ogni lato regnaua, con miserabile strage d'ogni viuente di qualunque stato, & conditione.	In the meantime, all of Italy was greatly afflicted, and by the great famine on all sides of all things pertaining to human sustenance, and by the universal pestilence that reigned on all sides, with miserable slaughter of every citizen of every state and condition.	Alberti 1541, pp. Dec. II, lib. II, ad a. 1259	Translation by DeepL
1259-00-00-Italy 002	1259 JL	High mortality in Italy and death of an elder Italian Lord	1259 - [...] quo anno fuit in Ytalia hominum et mulierum mortalitas maxima, […] (p. 548) Dominus Rubinus senex erat et plenus dierum et misit pro me, eo anno quo fuit mortalitas maxima et quo Icilinus de Romano captus fuit in bello, scilicet MCCLIX; et confessus est mecum et bene ordinavit de anima sua et mortuus est in senectute bona, transiens de hoc mundo ad Patrem.	In the year 1259, which was the year of the greatest mortality of men and women in Italy, [...] (p. 548) Lord Rubino was old and full of days. He sent for me in that year when there was the greatest mortality and when Icilinus from Rome was captured in war, namely, in the year 1259. He confessed with me and arranged well for his soul, and he died in good old age, passing from this world to the Father	Salimbene De Adam 1966, pp. 539–540, 548	None
1259-00-00-London	1259 JL	Severe plague raged in Paris and London.	Eodem tempore, ascendente sole cancrum, facta est hominum pestilentia et mortalitas inopinata; ita quod [S. 747] ubique morientibus quamplurimis locis aliis omissis tantummodo Parisius plus quam milia hominum sepulcris commendabantur. Oleum etenim, vinum, et annona corrumpebantur. Et quia mortis rumphea nulli parcens nunc hunc nunc illum consumit, aequanimiter egenum et divitem rapiendo, obit in illa peste mortifera dominus Fulco Londoniensis episcopus	At the same time, with the sun rising in Cancer, an unexpected pestilence and mortality among people occurred; so much so that, with many dying everywhere, in Paris alone, more than a thousand people were committed to their graves. Even oil, wine, and grain were being corrupted. And because the scythe of death spared no one, consuming one person after another, rich and poor alike, Lord Fulco, the Bishop of London, died in that deadly plague.	Template:Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, pp. 746-747.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Modena	1259 JL	Mortality in Modena.	Eodem anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas fere per totum Orbem	In the same year, there was widespread illness and mortality almost throughout the entire world.	Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727, col. 65.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Salzburg	1259 JL	Everywhere a great need, shortage and price increase and thereupon severe plague in Salzburg	1259. Maxima caristia orta est per omnes terras, quam sequitur maxima pestilentia hominum.	In the year 1259, a great scarcity arose across all lands, followed by a severe pestilence among the people.	Template:Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis, p. 795.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Salzburg 001	1259 JL	Great plague in Salzburg.	et multe civitates exuste, set unde nemo congnoscere quivit. Sequitur etiam maxima pestilencia hominum	and many cities were burned, but no one could understand the cause. A great pestilence among the people followed as well.	Template:Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861, p. 529.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-Wessobrunn	1259 JL	Mortality of people and livestock in Wessobrunn.	Anno Domini MCCLVIIII. […] morticinium grande nimis hominum atque pecudum.	In the year of Our Lord 1259 […] there was a great mortality of people and livestock.	Template:Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753, Vol. 2, p. 33.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-00-00-world	1259 JL	In this year there was a great inflation followed by a plague among humans.	1259. Maxima caristia orta est per omnes terras, quam sequitur maxima pestilentia hominum.	1259. The greatest dearth arose in all lands which was followed by the greatest plague among humans.	Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 758-810, 795, l. 8f.	Translation by Christian Oertel
1259-04-00-Borgo San Donino	April 1259 JL	Great mortality in Italy, for example in Bologna, Borgo San Donino, Milan and Florence.	Item eodem anno [1259] in Ytalia maxima fuit mortalitas mulierum et hominum, ita quod in vespertino offitio duos mortuos simul in ecclesia habebamus. Et inchoavit ista maledictio in ebdomada de passione, ita quod in tota provincia Bononie fratres Minores offitium in dominica olivarum dicere non potuerunt, ita erant a quodam frigore lesi; et pluribus mensibus duravit infirmitas ista. Tunc obiit domnus Rubinus de Soragna, barbanus Uberti Pelavicini et frater Marchispoli, quem in confessione audivi. Item in Burgo Sancti Donini ex illa pestilentia mortui sunt trecenti et eo amplius, et in Mediolano multa milia, et in Florentia similiter multa milia; nec pulsabant campanas, ne infirmos terrerent	In the same year (1259) in Italy, there was a great mortality among women and men, such that during Vespers, we had two dead bodies at the same time in the church. This curse began in Passion Week, to the point that in the entire province of Bologna, the Friars Minor could not recite the office on Palm Sunday, as they were afflicted by a certain chill; and this illness lasted for several months. At that time, Lord Rubinus de Soragna, uncle of Uberto Pelavicini, and Brother Marchispoli, whom I heard in confession, passed away. Likewise, in the town of Borgo San Donnino, more than three hundred people died from that pestilence, and in Milan many thousands, and similarly many thousands in Florence; the bells were not rung, so as not to frighten the sick.	Template:Salimbene De Adam 1998/99, Vol. 2, pp. 674-675.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-04-00-Italy	April 1259 JL	Epidemic and high mortality in Italy.	Et eodem anno MCCLIX magna fuit mortalitas, et composui librum de tediis. [...] In supradicto millesimo habitabam in Burgo Sancti Donini et composui et scripsi alium librum Tediorum ad similitudinem Pateccli. Item eodem anno in Ytalia maxima fuit mortalitas mulierum et hominum, ita quod in vespertino offitio duos mortuos simul in ecclesia habebamus. Et inchoavit ista maledictio in ebdomada de Passione, ita quod in tota provincia Bononie fratres Minores offitium in Dominica Olivarum dicere non potuerunt, ita erant a quodam frigore lesi; et pluribus mensibus duravit infirmitas ista. Tunc obiit dominus Rubinus de Soragna, barbánus Uberti Pelavicini et frater Marchisopoli, quem in confessione audivi. Item in Burgo Sancti Donini ex illa pestilentia mortui sunt trecenti et eo amplius, et in Mediolano multa milia, et in Florentia similiter multa milia; nec pulsabant campanas, ne infirmos terrerent.	And in the same year 1259, there was a great mortality, and I composed a book about weariness. [...] In the aforementioned year, I lived in San Donino and composed and wrote another book of weariness, similar to Gherardo Patecchio. Also in the same year, in Italy, there was a great mortality of men and women, so much so that during the evening office, we had two dead in the church at the same time. And this curse began in the week of Passion, so that in the whole province of Bologna, the Friars Minor could not perform the office on Palm Sunday, as they were affected by a certain chill; and this illness lasted for several months. Then, Master Rubinus of Soragna, the barber of Uberti Pelavicini, and Brother Marchisopoli, whom I heard in confession, died. Also in San Donino, more than three hundred died from that pestilence, and in Milan, many thousands, and similarly in Florence, many thousands; and the bells did not toll, lest they terrify the sick.	Template:Salimbene De Adam 1966, pp. 674–675.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-04-00-Paris	April 1259 JL	Mortality in Paris. Crops have been malevolent.	Anno sequenti, mense aprilis fuit mortalitas, maxima Parisius, et moriebantur homines quasi subito.	The year after, in April, there was a great mortality, especially in Paris. People died very rapidly.	Noate Constantienses , p. 543	Translation by Thomas Labbé
1259-04-00-Paris 001	April 1259 JL	Great mortality in Paris.	In Paschate etiam post fuit maxima mortalitas Parisius, et antequam essent vindemie fuit vinum ad IIIIor denarios per totum Parisius.	At Easter 1259 and afterwards, there was a great mortality in Paris, and before the grape harvest, wine was sold for 4 denarii throughout Paris.	Template:Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877, p. 187.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-04-15-China	15 April 1259 JL	An epidemic broke out among the Mongol troops and they withdrew, when they were in Shu.	三月 （蒙古军在蜀），时蒙古军中大疫，议班师。 《续资治通鉴•宋纪》 一百七十五	In the third month (when the Mongol army was in Shu), a great epidemic broke out among the Mongol troops, and it was decided to withdraw.	Template:Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004, Vol. 1, p. 493.	None
1259-04-29-Kyoto	29 April 1259 JL	Prayers and rites were conducted at 22 shrines due to famine and epidemic, with the "Ninnōkyō" being recited for seven days to combat the epidemic.	廿七日庚子。依飢饉疫疾等御祈。被發遣臨時廿二社奉幣使。去十一日依日吉社火事延引。大納言資季卿以下参之。自今日依疫疾御祈。於諸社七个日被修仁王經御讀經。卅曰癸卯。自今日於仙洞被修仁王經。依疫疾御祈也	On the 27th day of the Gengzi, due to famine and epidemic diseases, a prayer was conducted. Envoys were dispatched to offer rites at 22 shrines. Due to a fire at the Hie Shrine on the 11th, the event was delayed. Dainagon Sukezane and others attended. From today, because of the epidemic, the "Ninnōkyō" (Sutra of Benevolent Kings) was recited for seven days at various shrines. On the 30th day of the Guimao, the "Ninnōkyō" was recited at Sendō, also as a prayer for the epidemic.	Template:Hyakurenshō百練抄 1897-1901, p. 341.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5
1259-05-00-St. Albans	May 1259 JL	Air corruption was followed by disease and bad weather and harvest.	Item in mayo [1259] fuit maxima aeris corruptio per totum mensem. Inde subsecute sunt multe infirmitates et mortalitas hominum. Arbores non fructificabant. Item mense Julio multa tonitrua et terribilia et fulgura cadentia. Item mense octobri ad festum sancti Dionisii per tres dies continuos et noctes horrid tempestas celum commouit et undas et multi naufragio perierunt	Moreover, in May 1259, there was severe air corruption throughout the entire month. As a result, many illnesses and deaths followed among people. The trees did not bear fruit. Additionally, in July, there were many terrifying thunderclaps and lightning strikes. Furthermore, in October, around the feast of Saint Denis, for three continuous days and nights, a dreadful storm stirred the sky and the waves, and many perished in shipwrecks.	Template:Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929, p. 101.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1259-05-21-Aleppo	21 May 1259 JL	The sultan of Damascus died of a disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ.		The former Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Nāṣir Dāwūd, died of the general disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ, a village in the surroundings of Damascus. His cousin al-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the lord of Damascus, traveled to al-Buwayḍāʾ, transferred Dāwūd's body to al-Ṣāliḥiyya and buried it in the tomb of Dāwūd's father al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam.	Template:Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004, Vol. 27, p. 369.	Translation needed
1259-06-16-Hubei	16 June 1259 JL	About an edict ordering rice to be released for charitable purposes, because of famine and epidemics in the year before.	五月辛亥，雨雹。丁已，诏：“湖北诸郡，去年旱潦饥疫，令江陵、常、澧、岳、寿诸州，发义仓米振粜。”辛未，婺州大水，发义仓米赈之。《宋史·理宗纪》四	On the day Dingsi, an edict was issued: "In the various prefectures of Hubei, due to last year's drought, floods, famine, and epidemics, order was given to the prefectures of Jiangling, Chang, Li, Yue, and Shou to release rice from the charity granaries for relief."	Template:Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004, p. 493.	Translation by ChatGPT-3.5

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