1356

In 1356, a total of 13 epidemic events are known so far. It is a year. See also time and timelines.

Timeline

Table

Table

Page	DateStart date of the disease.	SummarySummary of the disease event	OriginalOriginal text	TranslationEnglish translation of the text	ReferenceReference(s) to literature	Reference translationReference(s) to the translation
1356-00-00-Bad-Hersfeld	1356 JL	Inscription referring to a Mass grave of the Pestis secunda in Hersfeld.	Anno milleno ter c semel l q(uoque) seno / De tumida peste q(ue) tu(n)c viguit ma(n)ifeste / Ex vi divina cecideru(n)t miliae) trina / Hic svbterrata req(ui)esca(n)t pace beata.	In the year 1356, due to the swelling plague, which was apparently in full force at the time, 3000 died by divine force and were buried here. May they rest in holy peace.	DI 91, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Nr. 34 (Sebastian Scholz und Rüdiger Fuchs), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di091mz14k0003402	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-00-00-Basel	18 September 1356 JL	There was an earthquake in Basel followed by a plague.	Item anno Domini 1356 in die sancti Luce ewangeliste post meridiem in Basilea super ripam Reni terre motus factus magnus et multa castra subvertit et plures interfecit, et secuta est pestilencia.	In the year of the Lord 1356 at the day of St Luke the apostle after midday the earth shook fiercely in Basel and many castles were destroyed and many [people] were killed and following this there was a plague.	Annales Wratislawienses maiores, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica III, p. 690.	Translation by Christian Oertel
1356-00-00-Brno	1356 JL	An entry in the town book of Brno (of 1356) states that the city officials together with John Henry, the margrave of Moravia, should see to it that the property of those deceased in the recent plague were not transferred to foreigners.	Item cum magnificus princeps, dominus noster naturalis, dominus Iohannes, marchio Moravie, in epidemia seu pestilencia novissime regnante iuratis ac consulibus civitatis, ut cavere deberent, ne testata et legateta moriencium et maxime notabilium personarum per aliquam extraneam personam seu advenam sub obtentu sue gracie, rerum et personarum perdicione aliqualiter distraherentur, strictissime percipisset	When the illustrious prince, our natural lord, Lord John, Margrave of Moravia, during the most recently (1356) ravaging epidemic or plague, strictly commanded the jurors and councilors of the city to ensure that the wills and legacies of those dying, especially of notable persons, should not be in any way taken away by any foreign person or newcomer under the pretext of his grace, resulting in the loss of possessions and persons	Miroslav Flodr (ed.), Pamětní kniha města Brna z let 1343-1376 (1379), Brno 2005, p. 745, no 2258.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-00-00-Germany	1356 JL	The Pestis secunda emerges in Germany.	Item eodem anno (1356) insurgit pestilencia magna hominum, ut supra, per totam Alamaniam.	Similarly, in the same year (1356), a great pestilence of people arose, as mentioned before, throughout all of Germany.	Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922, p. 110.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-00-00-Hesse	1356 JL	The pestis secunda strikes Hesse and Central Germany, in combination with a bad harvest and dearth of foodstuffs.	Item in disem selben jare irhup sich groß jamer, unde qwam daz zweite groß sterben, also daz di lude an allen enden in Duschen landen stoben mit großen haufen an der selben suchte, als si sturben in dem ersten sterben. Unde war ez nit enqwam in disem jare, dar qwam ez in dem andern jare, unde ging alumb. Auch so galt daz korn unde di fruchte sin gelt, daz ez an manichem lande gar hertlichen unde komerlichen wart sten, unde sunderlichen in Hessen, in Westfalen unde dar umb unde anderswo. Item der win galt groß gelt, mit namen so galt ein qwart wines von Elsaßen zu Limpurg funf engelsen, daz ist war, unde der lantwin unde von Rine einen schilling pennige.	In this same year (1356), great sorrow arose, and there came the second great dying, so that people everywhere in the German lands died in large numbers from the same sickness as they did in the first dying. And if it did not happen in this year, it happened in the next year and continued to roam. Also, the price of grain and other crops rose significantly, causing hardship and trouble in many lands, especially in Hessen, Westphalia, and surrounding areas. Moreover, the price of wine rose greatly, for example, a quarter of wine from Alsace cost five "English" in Limburg, that is true, and the local wine and that from the Rhine cost a shilling pennies.	Limburger Chronik 1883, p. 46.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-00-00-Kassel	1356 JL	No longer extant inscription from inside a parish church in Kassel, referring to the Pestis secunda.	m c sic trinis cum l v i quoque binis / mund per gyrum regnans epidemia totum / grandi de peste pereunt homines tibi certe / pars hominum bina penetrant coelestia regna.	M C so three (times), with L V I also two (times) (1357), / Through the earth's whole circle a pestilence reigning, / Humans perish from great pestilence, to you reliably / A part of men; in twofold they move into heavenly realms.	Presche 2013, pp. 512-513, taken from an Early modern source compilation, "Hessische Congeries", but evaluated and redated most convincingly.	None
1356-00-00-Mainz	1356 JL	A plague emerges in Germany after a year of inclement weather, cold, and bad harvest.	Anno Domini trecentesimo quinquagesimo 6. crevit vinum tam debile, quod vix homines bibere poterant, et si vinum vetus poterat inveniri, in hoc non poterat tam preciose ... nisi biberetur; et homines, qui poterant hoc habere pro excellenti precio, gavisi sunt quasi gratis haberent; et annona preciosa; et facta est pestilencia in multis partibus terre.	In the year of our Lord 1356, wine grew so weak that scarcely could people drink it, and if old wine could be found, it couldn't be valued as highly... unless it was to be drunk; and people, insofar as they could have this for an excellent price, rejoiced as if they had it for free; and there was a dearth of grain; and a pestilence occurred in many parts of the land.	Chronicon Moguntinum 1885, p. 4.	Translation by Martin Bauch; None;
1356-00-00-Würzburg	1356 JL	Great plague in Würzburg and Franconia.	De Pestilentia. Anno Domini 1356. fuit pestilentia hominum prima in Herbipoli magna & grauis & circum quaque in Franconia.	Over the plague. In the year of our Lord 1356, was a great and severe human plague first in Würzburg and then all over Franconia.	Template:Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735, p. 471.	Translation by Moritz Uebelhack
1356-00-00-Würzburg 001	1356 JL	Great plague in Würzburg and Franconia.	Von ainem sterben In dem jare des heren 1356 ist zu Wirtzburg vnd daselbstumb im land zu Francken ain heftige pestilentz angefallen, die ser vil leüt hinweg genomen hat	About an dying. In the year of the lord 1356 was a great plague in Würzburg and in Franconia, which took the lives of many people.	Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004, Vol. 2 (1994), p. 356.	Translation by Moritz Uebelhack
1356-08-00-Frankfurt	August 1356 JL	Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a precise description of symptoms.	Item anno domini McccLVI circa mensem augustum et sequentibus magna in opido Frankenfordensi pestilencia duravit, ac in lectis modico tempore quandoque vix tribus diebus vel circa decumbentes decesserunt. Glauces circa crura vel brachia sua aut tumorem et dolorem circa capita sua vel alibi in corporibus habentes moriebantur.	In the year of our Lord 1356, around the month of August and the following months, a great pestilence persisted in the town of Frankfurt. Those afflicted would often lie in bed for a short time, sometimes barely three days or around that, before succumbing. They would die with bluish discoloration around their legs or arms, or with swelling and pain in their heads or elsewhere on their bodies.	Annales Francofurtani 1884, p. 3.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-08-00-Frankfurt01	August 1356 JL	Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt.	Anno 1356 in augusto tanto pestis insaevit Francofordiae quod mirum fuit. In triduo infecti pesti iverunt viam carnis universae.	In the year 1356, in August, such a severe plague raged in Frankfurt that it was astonishing. Within three days of being infected by the plague, they all passed away.	Collectanea Petri Herp 1884, p. 59.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-09-21-Frankfurt	21 September 1356 JL	Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a general procession.	Anno 1356 in die sancti Matthaei Francoforti statio generalis propter epidemiam habebatur et 6 5 et 4 calendas octobris in ecclesia sancti Bartholomaei ob pestilentiam missa "recordare" etc., membro quolibet nigra cappa induto candelam caerae manu tenennte, cantabatur.	In the year 1356, on the feast of Saint Matthew, a general assembly was held in Frankfurt due to the epidemic. And on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], at the church of Saint Bartholomew, because of the plague, the Mass "Recordare" was celebrated, with each member wearing a black cloak and holding a candle in hand, made of wax.	Collectaneen Schurg 1884, p. 153.	Translation by Martin Bauch
1356-09-26-Frankfurt	26 September 1356 JL	Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions.	Et eodem anno [1356] habita est supplicatio publica propter pestem epidemiae Francofordiae, singulis in manu tenentibus candelam (Antiquitates) / Eodem anno [1356] fuit stacio generalis propter epidemiam, et sexto quinto ac quarto calendas octobris cautatum fuit in ecclesia nostra officium "recordare", quolibet sacerdote candelam ardentem manu tenente (Acta).	And in the same year (1356), a public supplication was held due to the epidemic plague in Frankfurt, with everyone holding a candle in their hand (Antiquitates) / In the same year [1356], there was a general assembly due to the epidemic, and on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], the office of "recordare" was sung in our church, with each priest holding a burning candle in hand (Acta).	Joannes Latomus 1884, p. 97.	Translation by Martin Bauch

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