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A person known by this person (indicating some level of reciprocated interaction between the parties).
foaf:knows#A person known by this person (indicating some level of reciprocated interaction between the parties).;en
A name for some thing or agent.
foaf:name#A name for some thing or agent.;en
URL of the homepage of something, which is a general web resource.
foaf:homepage#URL of the homepage of something, which is a general web resource.;en
The property that determines that two given individuals are different.
owl:differentFrom#The property that determines that two given individuals are different.;en
smw/schema:Profile:Facetedsearch default profile
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Annales Matseenses, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 823-837, 829f.
In many places in Austria and Bavaria many people died of a most cruel plague, e.g. in Mühldorf am Inn in Upper Bavaria died on the feastday of St Michael (September 29) 1.400 people. The Jews were made responsible for the plague and in Salzburg, Munich and other places they were persecuted.
1349. Sevivit crudelissima pestilencia, que interemit forsam terciam partem hominum, quia in Wyenna decesserunt qualibet die due vel tres libre hominum, et una die quatuor libre, una die 960. In Patavia vero moriebantur qualibet die quinque vel sex solidi, et una die 9 solidi, una die 300 minus 30 homines. Lustrabat autem hec pestilencia totum orbem, non simul et semel, sed successive. Cum itaque pestis et decessus hominum prochdolor nimis atrociter lustrasset multos provinciarum fines, venit in Barbariam, videlicet in Muldorf; ubi, ut dicebatur, a festo Michahelis preteriti anni decesserunt 1400 de pocioribus ibidem hominibus. Item in Prawnau sepius uno die moriebantur 16, et in Monaco, et in Lantzhuta, et in aliis quam pluribus civitatibus et oppidis in tantum sevivit mors, quod ab effluxis temporum motibus enormiori peste nemo cogitaret. [...] Ob hanc nemppe nephariam infamiam in Saltzburga et Monaco et in aliis infinitis civitatibus Iudei fuerant cremati, cesi, secti et quomodolibet aliter trucidati et occisi. Et in Praunaw dicebatur eciam, quod Iudei redegerint feculenciam venenosorum animalium in pulveres, et impleverint sacculos in longitudine et latitudine duorum digitorum, et submerserint aquis puteorum et etiam foncium scaturiencium; et tales sacculi pleni intoxicacionibus a christianis per expurgacionem foncium fuerunt inventi.
1349. A most cruel plague raged through the land, which eliminated maybe one third of the people; as in Vienna died every day two libre (480) or three libre (720) people and one day four libre (960), one day 960 [the editor assumes that 1 libram = 240 people, one solidum = 30 people equalling it to the value of the respective currency]. In Passau died every day really five (150) or six (180) solidi and one day nine solidi (270), one day 300 minus 30 people. But this plague did not wander the whole world at the same time and all at once but sucessively. Because the pestilence and the deceased people caused too much hardness, many wandered over the borders of the province and went to Bavaria namely to Mühldorf, where, it is said, at the feast of St Michael of the last year 1.400 of their best people died. In the same way died often on one day 16 in Braunau; and in Monaco and in Landshut and in numerous other towns and villages raged such a death that in the fluent movement of time noone knows of a more enormous plague. [...] Because of this the infamous Jews in Salzburg and Monaco and in innumerable other towns were burned, slaughtered, cut down and in whatever other way massacred and killed. And in Braunau it was also said that the Jews made poisonous animal faeces to powder and that they filled them into small bags of two finger length and width and dumped them into the wells and other gushing waters; and such bags full with poisons were found by the Christians and carried away for the cleansing of the water.
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Start date of the disease.
Date start
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Date start#Start date of the disease.;en
End date of the disease.
Date end
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Other mentioned dates.
Date other
Place(s), city or location of the disease.
Place
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Current country
Country
Mentioned river(s)
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Natural event
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Group(s) of people mentioned
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Number of victims
Victim count
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Indication of victims
Victim
Indication type of victims
Victim count type
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Mentioned animal(s)
Animal
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Mentioned disease(s)
Disease
Associated epidemic wave
Epidemic wave
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Social response that happened in reaction to the disease
Social response
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Further keyword(s)
Keyword
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Reference(s) to literature
Reference
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User(s) that translated the text
User
User# QUERY864c777553c119fecf31ab6e15bb70db
User#User(s) that translated the text;en
Summary of the disease event
Summary
Summary# QUERYb23a9caaf5480a7ec94cc5d897ac49c9
Original text
Text original
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English translation of the text
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Language of the original text
Language
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Season (spring, summer, fall or winter)
Season
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Geographic coordinates in format DMS
Coordinates
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Coordinates#Geographic coordinates in format DMS;en
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Great famine and severe plague with many deaths in people and animals in complete Austria
Anno Domini MCCLXVII. pestilencia et fames, ex nationes civitatum et villarum per Austriam surrexerunt, ita ut innumerus populus cum pecore pene omni in terris peste miserabiliter morerentur, que Deum vulgaris plebs affirmavit propter illivitas regis nupcias induxisse.
Destruction of the crops [through the invasion of King Andreas II. of Hungary and also a plague
Segetes tempore messis tam per pabulum quam per incendium et conculcationem pedum equorum ac hominum penitus devastavit; et talis pestilencia sex septimanis in terra ista duravit, et multo deterius huic terre fecit, quam Bela
Place of publication
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Reference publisher#Publisher of literature;en
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Pages
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Link
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Title
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Salimbene De Adam : Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia ). Bari 1966
Salimbene De Adam 1966# QUERY1fc87d0ebeb5ae526149f52d5b458218
~Salimbene De Adam 1966*
Salimbene De Adam 1966# QUERY5f9422f7d74c78de83744bfffda2d568
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Einmalige ID der Seite
EpiMedDat ID
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Death in Naples through a Pestilentia.
Imperator vero Neapolim cum obsederit, pene suis omnibus pestilenti morte peremptis, spe sua propositove cassatus est.
When the Emperor indeed besieged Naples, nearly all his own men were killed by a deadly plague, and he was frustrated in his hope or plan
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In the beginning of Rabīʿ I, 749 H (the month began on May 31, 1348) news about the Black Death in Gaza reached Aleppo while the author stayed there. The daily death toll had reportedly amounted to more than 1,000. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa then traveled on to Ḥoms which had already been affected by the plague; ca. 300 people died on the day of his arrival. He went on to Damascus whose inhabitants had fasted for three days [July 22 to 24] and on Friday set out for the Mosque of the Footprints (Aqdām). God subsequently reduced the burden of plague lasting on them. The daily death toll in the city had amounted to 2,400. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa traveled on to ʿAjlūn, and then to Jerusalem where the plague wave had already come to an end.
In the first days of the month of Rabīʿ I in the year forty-nine news reached us in Aleppo that plague had broken out in Ghazza and that the number of dead there exceeded thousand a day. I went to Ḥims and found that the plague had already struck there; about three hundred persons died on the day of my arrival. I went to Damascus and arrived on a Thursday; the people had been fasting for three days. On Friday they went to the Mosque of the Footprints, as we have related in the first book. God alleviated their plague. The number of deaths among them had risen to two thousand four hundred a day. Then I went to ʿAjlūn, and then to Bait al-Muqaddas [Jerusalem], where I found the plague had ceased.
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859
Reference(s) to the translation
Reference translation
Reference translation# QUERYdee23bbe0ec9ad10baac90843b3b007a
Reference translation#Reference(s) to the translation;en
Reference translation#Reference translation;en
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Lawātī al-Ṭanjī : Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār. 5 vols. . Paris
Charles F. Defrémery and Beniamino R. Sanguinetti
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Lawātī al-Ṭanjī
Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār. 5 vols.
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859# QUERYe158e76ec423da2dd124fb055cac1aba
~Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859*
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Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859# SCITE7ee490c0d27f894476ed7196170b990f
Victim number
Victim number# QUERYce9da9872d6aba82f28f5e23885fc4f1
The number of plague deaths in Damascus increased in the month of Rabīʿ II 749 H (June 29–July 28, 1348). More than 200 people died per day, and the removal of the dead bodies was delayed. Poor people suffered the highest losses. On July 3, 1348, the Friday preacher prescribed to recite prayers and supplications asking for the plague to abate. The abolition of taxes (ḍamān) on funeral services by the governor of Syria (nāʾib al-salṭana) Sayf al-Dīn Arghūn-Shāh al-Nāṣirī was proclaimed on July 14. On July 21, it was announced that the inhabitants of Damascus should fast for three days, and on day four abase themselves before God at the suburban Mosque of the Footprint (Qadam) and implore him to end the plague; afterwards, people set out for the desert to recite prayers of supplication, including Jews, Christians, and Samaritans, high and low, etc.
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999
Number of victims per day
Victim daily
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Percentage of victims
Victim share
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Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 563.
Great plague in the diocese of Dorpat.
796. In deme sulven jare was grot pestilencie in deme stichte van Darpte, also dat kume de seeste minsche blef levendich.
796. In the same year (1378) was a great plague in the diocese of Dorpat, so that only a sixth of the people stayed alife.
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Month of the year
Month
News about the Black Death (wabāʾ) in other countries kept reaching Damascus in early 749 H (the year starts in April 1348): Terrible things were told about Crimea where a great number of people had reportedly died. Afterwards the plague, it was told, was transmitted to the lands of the Franks. The majority of the inhabitants of Cyprus were said to have died from the plague.
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970, vol. 2, p. 489
In 747 H (April 24, 1346 to April 12, 1347), the Black Death spread in the Horde (bilād Uzbak), where many people died in villages as well as towns. Plague then arrived in Crimea where the maximum daily death toll amounted to ca. 1,000, as the author, Ibn al-Wardī, was told by a trustworthy merchant. Afterwards, plague spread to Asia Minor (Rūm) where it killed many people. An Aleppine merchant who had returned from Crimea reported to Ibn al-Wardī that the judge (qāḍī) of Crimea had said that they had counted the deceased and that the number had amounted to 85,000 known plague deaths. The plague reached Cyprus, too, and the death toll was enormously high there as well.
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, pp. 192-193.
Translation by ChatGPT-3.5; Translation by DeepL;
The brothers of Pagolo died in the mortality and left him alone with the business. He had many debts which made his life full of wories.
Fu di nicistà che ’l detto Pagholo, giovane gharzone, e, sechondo l’età d’allora, fanciullo, provedesse al tutto; e se fu fatichoso e di sollecitudine e di rischio, i’ penso choll’aiuto di Dio dirtene tanto innanzi che ttu arai chagione d’inmaginare il tutto. Questi suoi fratelli morirono di (p. 193) pistolenza nella mortalità fonda del sesantatré, che ffu grande, e andaronsene a piè di Dio inn ispazio di venti dì; e, chome ài inteso, i due erano avillupati nel trafficho del guado e nella tinta, dove egli aveano inviluppati circha di quindicimila fiorini. Il terzo, e primo a morire, avea donna, e viva rimase dopo lui e giovane. Era invillupato questo nell’usure, ché pocho fecie altro; e none si distendea questo suo viluppo pure in Firenze ma per tutto il chontado, e pure chon lavoratori e poveri il forte, e chon grandi / (c. 42v) uomini e potenti, e in Firenze e di fuori. Il detto Pagholo, giovane, soro, solo, sanza alchuno aiuto o chonsiglio se non di suoi amici, a tenpo di mortalità, isbighottito della morte de’ suoi e della paura di sé, trovatosi in gran viluppi di molti crediti a rischuotere e di migliaia di fiorini, sendone morti assai d<e’> creditori e de’ fattori che aveano nel chapo i fatti loro, avendo etiandio a cierchare d’essi non pure in Firenze o nel chontado, ma di fuori, ‘Arezo, al Borgho, a Siena, a Pisa e per altre istrane parti, a ritrarre merchatantia, a venderla, e a svilupare tutto, non fu sanza grande sollecitudine e faticha.
It was necessary for the said Pagholo, a young lad and still a child by the standards of the time, to take care of everything; and although it was laborious, worrying and risky, I think that with God's help I can tell you so much about it that you will understand the whole thing. His brothers died of the plague in the great mortality of 1363, and they went to God within twenty days. As you have learnt, two were involved in the woad trade and dyeing business, where they had invested about 15,000 florins. The third, who was the first to die, had a wife who was left a young widow after him. He was in the usury business and little else; his business extended not only in Florence but throughout the surrounding area, especially with labourers and the poor, but also with rich and powerful people, both in Florence and beyond. The aforementioned Pagholo, young and alone, without any help or advice except from his friends, in a time of mortality, terrified by the death of his loved ones and in fear for his own life, found himself in great entanglements with many debts, which is why he had to risk many loans and thousands of florins. Many of the debtors and administrators who ran their businesses had also died. He not only had to retrieve and sell goods in Florence or the surrounding area, but also outside, in Arezzo, the Borgo, Siena, Pisa and other foreign places, and unravel everything. This was not done without great care and effort.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019
Kalendarium Zwetlense, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 689-698, 692, l. 26-40
In 1349, after an earthquake, the Plague arrived in Austria together with flagellants. Around the feast of St John the baptist the disease was so severe that in Vienna 500 funerals were held per day. The disease spread because wells and other waters had been poisoned by the Jews who where persecuted all over the country.
A.D. 1349 incepit pestilencia scilicet post terre motum, et pestilenciam quidam prevenientes per ecclesias nudati usque ad cingulum acutis flagellis usque ad effusionem sanguinis se flagellantes decurrebant cum cantu de passione Domini, plurimos aspicientes in lacrimas commovebant. [...] Mox circa festum Iohannis baptiste facta est pestilencia qualis nunquam audita vel visa est, ita ut in civitate Wiennensi una die 500 funera haberentur, et tamen omnes rite sacramentalibus procurati per triduum et quasi dormiendo et cum magno fetore leniter decesserunt; ulcera habentes quidam circa genitalia sicca, quidam vesicas in cute. De quibus suspicati sunt quidam, Iudeos hoc in ulcionem inter christianos effecisse, quodam pulvere fontes et omnes aquas per necessarios eciam christianos infecisse; de quibus plurimi sunt exusti et in superioribus partibus omnes Iudei occisi et iugulati sunt; eciam in Chrems circa festum sancti Michahelis omnes Iudeorum domus aduste sunt, paucis Iudeis evadentibus. Quapropter dux Albertus, fautor Iudeorum, omnes adiacentes villas iussit spoliare. Iems nebulosa, ver optimus et floridus.
Identifier of an item in FactGrid database
FactGridID
FactGridID#Identifier of an item in FactGrid database;en
Krems# QUERY3b04b8093ea2c4bfe954f4dc5144e5ff
Krems# QUERYc9a5ddf00cc60042c745a7ba3802ee10
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Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio, pp. 47r
Fu gran peste in Bologna, e morirno più di 4000 persone, fra quali morì Ms. Jacomo Bottivigari, Dottore di legge, Ms. Mraion da S. Marino Cavaliere, Salvadio Delfino, Bibozo Sava Medico.
There was a great plague in Bologna, and more than 4,000 people died, including Ms. Jacomo Bottivigari, Doctor of Law, Ms. Mraion da S. Marino Cavaliere, Salvadio Delfino, Bibozo Sava Medico.
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio
Bologna
Bologna# QUERY085bb4cb41c2276f3275d0f8f667f3c6
Bologna# QUERY8f76af17a8aa95cbfb6d3cc8159d4e67
The Black Death described from its presumed origins in India to Britain. For Florence, 60.000 victims are estimated.
1348. Lugubris et miseranda pestis pene per orbem, que in Asia apud Indos incipiens passimque provincias irrepens trium annorum spatio usque Britannos ubique terrarum in omnes gentes deseviit. Et hoc anno amplius sexaginta hominum milia Florentie et intra urbem absumpsit, et per agrum cuncta prope deserata reliquit.
1348. A mournful and pitiable plague almost throughout the world, which, beginning in Asia among the Indians, and creeping everywhere through the provinces, raged for the space of three years until it reached the Britons, devastating all peoples everywhere on earth. And in this year, it consumed more than sixty thousand people in Florence, both within and outside the city, leaving almost all the countryside deserted.
Florence
Florence# QUERY82ff223b2b28aeeb932232dd6c647d5b
Florence# QUERY89254ec25053f45ae6f54fbc8e3ba9e5
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Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004, vol. 27, p. 117
Epidemic (wabāʾ) in Syria in the year 574 H (June 19, 1178 to June 8, 1179). It had been preceeded by inflation.
وفيها، كان بالبلاد غلاء عام وتبعه وباء عام
In this year (1178/1179), the country had a general shortage, followed by a general epidemic.
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004
Dorpat# QUERY0837d38cb9dc84593e09ba3efb0f5a68
Dorpat# QUERY508d652fbf586caf9f21d5c17cdfed3d
Tunc anno 50. facta est pestilentia generalis per totum mundum, et mortua est ultra quam tercia pars hominum et de omni gente.
In the year 1350 raged in the entire world an general plague. More than one third of all races died from it.
Constance
Constance# QUERYdab49a3750f3d2cc1a3e09a338d15e66
Constance# QUERY6333d83c866d8692d77beee5ee3cf5da
Historical region(s)
Region
Region# QUERYb3606276a1771239ce335eac0ea44f3a
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 215; Cf. Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 206.
В си же времена [1092] мнози ч[е]л[о]в[ѣ]ци оумираху различнъıмї недугъı, ӕкоже гл[агола]ху продающе корстъı: ӕко продахомъ корстъı ѡт[ъ] Ѳилипова дне до мѧсопуста з҃ тъıсѧчь. Се же бы(с)[ть] за грѣхъı наша, ӕко үмножишасѧ грѣсї наши [и] неправдъı; се же наведе на ны Б[ог]ъ, велѧ на(м)[ъ] имѣти покаӕньѥ и въстѧгнутисѧ ѡт[ъ] грѣха, и ѡт[ъ] зависти, и ѡт[ъ] прочихъ злъıхъ дѣлъ неприӕзнинъ.
At the same time [1092], many died of various diseases, so that the undertakers asserted that in the interval between St. Philip's Day[1] and Lent[2] they had sold seven thousand coffins. This misfortune was occasioned by our sins, because our transgressions and our unrighteousness had increased. God brought this calamity upon us as a summons to repent and to renounce sin, envy, and other evil works of the devil.
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 141-142.
Horses plague in Rus army in Yam’ territory (between Lake Ladoga and the Northern Dvina; north of Rus).
В лѣ(т)[о] 6550 [1042] Иде Володимеръ сынъ Ӕрославль на Ӕмь и побѣдивъ ӕ и помроша кони оу вои Володимерь ӕко и ѥще дышющимъ конемъ съдираху хзъı с нихъ. Толикъ бо бѣ моръ в коних[ъ].[1] В лѣ(т)[о] 6550 [1042] Иде Володимиръ сынъ Ӕрославъ(л)[ь] на Ӕмь побѣдивъ ӕ и помроша кони оу Володимерь вои и ӕко єще дышющимь конемь сдирахоу хъзы с нихъ толикъ бѣ моръ в конѣхъ.
[In the year] 1042 Vladimir, son of Yaroslav, attacked the people of Yam' and conquered them. The horses of Vladimir's soldiery died; and they tore the skins off the horses while the latter were still breathing, so violent was the plague from which the animals suffered.
Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ In: Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 163; Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 151-152.
Plague in Torks[1] during Rus princes campaign against them.
В семь же . лѣтѣ (6568) Изѧславъ, и С[вѧ]тославъ, и Всеволодъ, и Всеславъ совокупи[ша] вои бещисленъ [и] поидоша на конихъ и в лодьӕхъ бещислено множьство на Торкы. Се слъıшавше Торци оубоӕшасѧ пробѣгоша и до сего дне. И помроша бѣгаючи Б[о]жимь гнѣвомь гоними ѡви ѡт зимъı, друзии же, гладомь, ини же моромь и судомь Б[о]жьимъ. Тако Б[ог]ъ избави х[ре](с)[т]ьӕнъı ѡт поганъıхъ
In the same year 1060, after collecting a numberless army, Izyaslav, Svyatoslav, and Vsevolod made an expedition by horse and ship against the Torks. When the Torks heard of their coming, they were afraid, and are fleeing even to this day. In their flight they perished, pursued by the hand of God, some of them from the cold, some by famine, and others by pestilence and God's judgment upon them. Thus God once more saved the Christians from the pagans.
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ In: Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 214-215; Cf. Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 206
В лѣ(т)[о] 6600 [1092] Предивно бы(с)[ть] [чюдо] Полотьскѣ въ мечтѣ ны, бъıваше в нощи тутънъ, станѧше по үлици, ӕко ч[е]л[о]в[ѣ]ци рищюще бѣси; аще кто въıлѣзѧше ис хороминъı, хотѧ видѣти, абьє оуӕзвенъ будѧше невидимо ѡт[ъ] бѣсовъ ӕзвою, и с того үмираху, и не смѧху излазити ис хоромъ; посемь же начаша в дне ӕвлѧтисѧ на конихъ, и не бѣ ихъ видѣти самѣхъ, но конь ихъ видѣти копъıта; и тако үӕзвлѧху люди Плотьскъıӕ и ѥго ѡбласть; тѣмь и ч[е]л[о]в[ѣ]ци гл[агола]ху: ӕко наӕвѣ бьють Полочанъı се же знаменьє поча бъıти отъ Дрьютьска.
In the year 1092, An extraordinary event occurred at Polotsk. At night there was heard a clatter and a groaning in the streets, and demons ran about like men. If any citizen went forth from his house to look upon them, he was wounded straightway by some invisible demon, and so many perished from such wounds that the people dared no longer leave their houses. The demons later began to appear on horseback during the day. They were not visible themselves, but the hoofs of their horses could be seen. Thus they did injury to the people of Polotsk and the vicinity, so that it was commonly said that ghosts were killing the · people of Polotsk. This portent had its beginning in Dryutesk.
[https://runivers.ru/doc/rusland/letopisi/?SECTION_ID=19639&ELEMENT_ID=587090 https://runivers.ru/doc/rusland/letopisi/?SECTION_ID=19639&ELEMENT_ID=587090]
Allegorical illustration of the plague in Polotsk: demons ready to attack people hiding in houses at night.
[https://runivers.ru/upload/iblock/abf/M.%20278.jpg https://runivers.ru/upload/iblock/abf/M.%20278.jpg]
[https://runivers.ru/doc/rusland/letopisi/?SECTION_ID=19639&ELEMENT_ID=587091 https://runivers.ru/doc/rusland/letopisi/?SECTION_ID=19639&ELEMENT_ID=587091]
Allegorical illustration of the plague in Polotsk: demons on horses attacking the townspeople during the daytime.
[https://runivers.ru/upload/iblock/b78/M.%20279.jpg https://runivers.ru/upload/iblock/b78/M.%20279.jpg]
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 14
Probably an unknown plague that arouses fear and demonic associations in Polotsk
Bъ лѣто 6600. Пpeдивно бысть в Полтьсцe, мечты быщa в нощи, тутняше и стоняше по улицам и яко человѣци ришуще бѣси; и aще хтo вылeзаше из xpaмицы, xoтя видѣти тo, aбие yязвeнъ бывашe невидимo oт бeсoв язвою, и c того yмиpaxy и нe cмѣяxy излаити иc xopoмовъ пo ceмъ жe начашa въ день являтися на конexъ, и нe бе ихъ видете caмѣх, но конеи их коыта бѣ видѣти; и тако yязвяxy люди Полoтьскыя и иx oблacть. Ce жe знамениe нача быти oт Дpьютьcкa.
In the year 6600. It was very strange in Polotsk. At night there was heard a clatter and a groaning in the streets, and demons ran about like men; and if anyone came out of the homesteads to see it, they were wounded invisibly by the demons, and they died from it and did not dare to leave the homesteads. Then [demons] began to appear on horses during the day, and they themselves could not be seen, but the hooves [hoof prints] could be seen. And so they injured the people of Polotsk and their district. This phenomenon started in Dryutesk.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 202.
В лѣто 6600[1]. Наидѣ рана на Полочаны, яко нѣкако бяше ходити по улицамъ, яко мнѣти вои множество, а конемъ копыта видѣти; да аще кто изъ избѣ вылазяше, напрасно убиенъ бываше невидѣмо.
In the year 6600. A panic came over the people of Polotsk, so that it was impossible to walk in the streets, because it was as if there was a quantity of warriors[2] and as if one could see horses' hoofs; and if anyone went out of his house, he would be suddenly and unaccountably killed.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список)
Новгородская первая летопись старшего изводa (Синодальный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 18.
Bъ лѣто 6600[1]. Наиде рана на Полочяны, яко нѣкако бяше ходити уличямъ, яко мнѣти в…. oжьство, и конeмъ… ыта видѣти; дa aщe ктo из ыстбы вылeзeть, напрacнo убьенъ бывaшe невидимo
In the year 6600. A panic came over the people of Polotsk, so that it was impossible to walk in the streets, because it was as if there was a w… antity ; and as if one could see horses' …ofs[2]; and if anyone went out of his house, he would be suddenly and unaccountably killed.
Новгородская первая летопись старшего изводa (Синодальный список)
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 435
Great mortality in price increase in the world
och wart gros sterbotte und dürunge durch alle welt.
also was great dying and price increase through the entire world.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 15.
A plague in Rusia, perhaps it's specifically about Polotsk.[1]
O мopy. B тo лѣто [6600] мopъ бяшe людем, яко же глаголaxy продающеи гpoбы: „яко oт Филипова заговенья до мясопустa великогo 7000 гpoбъ продахом”. Ce жe вce бысть гpexъ paди нашиx.
About the plague. This year [6600] plague was among the people. As the coffin sellers said: "we sold 7,000 coffins from Philip's Fast to Lent[2]." It was all because of our sins.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 771
Mortality of livestock and people.
Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1095 jor, do was ein sterbotte vihes und lüte durch alle welt.
A dying. In the year 1095, a mortality of livestock and people occured through the entire world.
Новгородская первая летопись старшего изводa (Синодальный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 20.
Death of horses at the court of Prince Mstislav in Novgorod[1]
[6623][2] A Нoвѣгopoдѣ измьpoшa кoня вcя у Mьcтиcлaвa и у дpужиы eгo.
1116 In Novgorod all Mstislav's horses and those of his squad [druzhina] died.
A pestilence with mortality breaks out (in Germany?) after a famine.
Ipso anno fames maxima facta est [...] Famem etiam pestilentia et mortalitas subsecuta est intolerabilis.
This year (1147) was a great famine [...] A pestilence and a mortality succeed dramatically to famine.
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, p. 177
Famine and pestilence in Erfurt
A strong famine and an epidemic among humans.
1154-00-00-between Rostov Rusia and Rus’
Лeтoпиceц Пepecлaвля Cyздaльcкoгo (Лeтoпиceц Pyccкиx Цapeй) in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Apxeoгpaфичecкий Цeнтp, 1995, p. 85.
A plague in the troops of George [Yuriy Dolgorukiy] and his sons marching from Rostov Rusia to "Rus’", against the prince of Kiev, Izyaslav Mstislavovich.
[6662] Toм жe лѣтѣ пoидe Гюpги cъ pocтoвци, и cъ cyдaльци, и cъ всѣми дѣтми своими в Pycь, и бысть мopъ въ вceмъ плъкy eгo, якo жe нe былъ николи жe.
1154[1] That year George [Yuriy Dolgorukiy] went with the Rostovians, the Suzdalians, and all his children to Rus’, and there was a plague in his entire troops[2], such as had never happened [before].
Лeтoпиceц Пepecлaвля Cyздaльcкoгo (Лeтoпиceц Pyccкиx Цapeй) in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей
1154-00-00-path from Suzdal and Rostov to the Kozelsk
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 341; We can find the same information in the Kievan Letopis' (Kievan Chronicle): Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 568.
Epidemic among horses belonging to the Yuri Dolgorukiy warriors.
В то же лѣ(т)[о] поиде Гюрги с Ростовци, и с Суждалци, и со всѣми дѣтми в Русь. И бъı(с)[ть] моръ в кони(х)[ъ] во всѣ(х)[ъ] воихъ ѥго, ако же не бъıлъ николиже.
That year 1154/1155 Yuri [Dolgorukiy] went with the inhabitants of Rostov and Suzdal and with all his children[1]. into Rus. At that time was an epidemic among the horses belonging to his warriors. The epidemic was like we had never [seen] before.
1154-00-00-path from Suzdal and Rostov to the Kozelsk# QUERYc1653a023fdd6858378a24deaa5dc97a
1154-00-00-path from Suzdal and Rostov to the Kozelsk# QUERYfc5b81a4e2530f2e2a6ada0d985883b2
1154-00-00-path from Suzdal and Rostov to the Kozelsk# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 58.
A plague among the horses of Yuryi Dolgorukiy's warriors
Toго же лѣта [6662] поиде Юрьи c Pocтовци, и cъ Cyздалци, и co всѣми дѣтми в Pycь[1], и бысть мopъ в конѣx y вои eгo яковъ же не бывал.
That year 1154 Yuryi [Vladimirovich Dolgorukiy] went with the Rostovtsians and Suzdalianss, and with all the children, to Rusia, and there was a plague of horses among his warriors, such as had never happened before.
Новгородская первая летопись старшего изводa (Синодальный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, c. 30.
A plague affecting people and a sickness of horses and horned cattle in Novgorod the Great.
Bъ то жe лѣто [6666][1], пo гpѣxoмъ нaшимъ, мopъ быcть въ людexъ мнoгъ, и кoнь мънoжьcтвo пoмpe, якo ньлзѣ бѣше дoити дo тъpгу cквoзѣ гopoдъ, ни пo гpѣбли, ни нa пoлe выити cмopoды; тaкoжe и cкoтъ пoмpe poгaтыи.
The same year 1158 there was great mortality in the people, for our sins, and a quantity of horses died, so that it was not possible to walk to the market place through the town, nor along the dike, nor out to the fields, for the stench; horned cattle also died.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 217
В то же лѣто [6666] [1], по грѣхомъ нашимъ, моръ бысть в людех много, и конѣи множество помре, яко нѣлзѣ бяше проити до торгу сквозѣ город, ни по гребли, ни на поле, понеже бо великъ бяше смрад. Еше же и скот рогатыи помре.
Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 492
(6666) И стоӕша ѡколо города не(д)[е]ль ı҃, и бъı(с)[ть] моръ в кони(х)[ъ], и тако не оуспѣвше ему ничтоже възвратишасѧ въ своӕси не створше с ним[ъ] мира. И мнози пѣши придоша с тоѣ воинъı.
(1158) And they were standing [1] about the stronghold [of the Turov] ten weeks, and there was an epidemic among horses. As they did not achieve anything, they returned to themselves, having made no peace. Many on foot returned from this war.
1158-00-00-Turov# QUERYd95cfcf4fff69e444cd24c1ac04aeb91
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, p. 184
The army of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa suffers from an epidemic while being near Rome, interpreted as divine punishment for treatment of the Pope.
Sed Deus ab alto cuncta prospectans iniuriam summi regis genitrici eiusque vicario beato Petro illatam nequaquam tulit impune. Extimplo siquidem nebula quedam pestilens ac fetida totum pene exercitum attaminavit, primoque Coloniensem archiepiscopum compluresque episcoporum, duces ac quosque in exercitu prepotentes inficiens sine mora extinxit; eademque mortifera lues regem quasi vitabundum cum reliquiis recedentem prosecuta, nunc hos, nunc illos et illos diversis in locis miro divine ulcionis iudicio, cuique nigro quodam caractere inter scapulas apparente, exanimavit.
But God, looking down from on high, by no means allowed the injustice inflicted upon the blessed mother of the supreme king and his vicar, blessed Peter, to go unpunished. Immediately, indeed, a certain pestilent and foul mist contaminated almost the entire army, and it swiftly extinguished the Archbishop of Cologne and several bishops, leaders, and those powerful in the army, infecting them without delay; and this deadly plague, pursuing the king as if fleeing, relentlessly struck him with remnants, now here, now there, and those in various places, with a wondrous judgment of divine vengeance, with a certain black mark appearing between their shoulders, causing them to expire.
Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 560.
Epidemic among horses and soldiers in Novogrod.[1]. Expedition of prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Suzdal on Novogrod.[2]
(6681) Бы(с)[ть] же моръ великъ вь конѣхъ и вь полкохъ, и нѣ оуспѣша ничтоже городу ихъ, и вьзворотишасѧ ѡпѧть вь своӕси.
In that time (1170) was great epidemic among horses and troops [in Novogrod], and they
An influenza-like disease spreads out across Germany and north western France. It affected mainly old persons and children, with a low mortality rate.
Ipso anno Kalendis Decembris tussis intolerabilis et inaudita omne Theutonicum regnum et precipue Galliam Comatam pervasit, senes cum junioribus et infantibus debilitavit, plures morti addixit. Monasteriensis episcopus Luodewicus eadem peste occubuit ; cui imperator Herimannum, fratrem comitis de Kazinelinboge, substituit.
This year (1173), at the beginning of December, an intolerable and unprecedented cough disease developed in the kingdom of the Theutons and in particular in Gallia Comata, affecting the elderly, the young and children. Many have died from this plague. The Bishop of Münster himself died. Which the emperor Henry replaced by the brother of the Count of Kazinelinboge.
1173-12-00-Germany and France# QUERYb8d6d81e41cdd2885444e46b1df73add
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 648.
This passage tells of a false prophecy. It was wrongly predicted that a great destructive wind and mortality and price increase would come in autumn. People were very afraid, but nothing happened.
Eine falsche prophecie. Bi disen ziten verschreip ein meister von dem gestirne in alle lant, das in dem herbeste in dem jore noch gotz gebürte 1186 solte kumen ein wint, der alle bürge, hüser und boume dernyder würfe, und donoch ein gros sterbot und dürunge und vil andere wunderliche ding. und sprach och, das alle sternenseher in der cristenheit und in der heidenschaft und alle wise meistere wol erkantent, das diese ding also geschehen muestent. hievon erschrag das volg und mahtent etliche lüte hütten uf dem velde und hüselin under der erden do sü inne wonetent, und men mahte vil crüzegenge und gebet. do nu der herbest kam, do was es guet wetter und geschach der dinge keines die men gewissaget hette. hiebi mag men merken, das der welte wisheit ist eine torheit vor gotte.
A False Prophecy During this time, a master of the stars wrote to all the lands that in the autumn of the year 1186 after Christ's birth, a wind would come that would topple all castles, houses, and trees. This would be followed by a great death, price increase, and many other strange occurrences. He also claimed that all astrologers in Christendom and in pagan lands, as well as all wise masters, had recognized that these things must happen. This caused fear among the people, leading some to build huts in the fields and little houses underground where they could live. Many people made pilgrimages and prayed fervently. But when autumn came, the weather was good, and none of the predicted events occurred. From this, one can observe that the wisdom of the world is foolishness before God.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 33.
A serious, unknown disease in some towns, probably in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia.
[6695] Toмъ жe лѣтѣ бысть бoлecть cилнa въ людexъ вeлми, нe бяшe бo ни eдинaгo двopa бeзъ бoлнaгo, a въ иномъ гopoдѣ нѣктo бяшe имъ ни вoды пpидaвa, a нo вce бoлить лeжa. Бoгъ бo кaзнить paбы cвoя нaпacтьми paзличными, вoдoю и oгнeмъ и бoлѣзньми тяжкыми
That year 1186[1]. the disease was very severe among the people, for there was not a single manor without a sick person, and in another town there was no one to give water, because everyone lie sick. God punishes his servants with many misfortunes, with water and fire, and with serious diseases.
1186-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 94.
An unknown mass disease in an unspecified location in Rusia.
Toго же лѣта [6692] бысть болесть сильна в людex, не бяше бо ни единого двopa без болного, a въ иномъ дворѣ не бяше кому и воды подати, но все боли лежаxy.
That year 1187 there was a severe disease among people, because there was not a single manor without a sick person, and in another manor there was no one to give water to, because everyone was sick.[1]
A mortality among men and cattle breaks out during a warm summer.
Estas ferventissima usque ad augustum mensem fuit, in quo etiam mortalitas hominum et pecudum immensa contigit.
The summer (1189) has been very hot until August, and a mortality among men and cattle occured meanwhile.
The mortality is high during the cold winter.
Hyemps sicca et calida. Mortalitas hominum immensa.
The winter (1190) has been dry and cold. The mortality has been enormous.
After the coronation of Henry VI. he conquered all the land to Naples. The siege of Naples falled because a plague broke out among the soldiers and Henry and his wife Constance fell ill as well. Constance died shortly after that. (Actually she died only the 27th November 1198)
Come lo 'mperadore Arrigo conquistò il regno di Puglia Come il detto Arrigo fu coronato imperadore [1191], e isposata Gostanza imperadrice, onde ebbe in dota il reame di Cicilia e di Puglia con consentimento del papa e della Chiesa, e rendendone il censo usato, e già nato Federigo suo figliuolo, incontanente con sua oste e colla moglie n'andòe nel Regno, e vinse tutto il paese infino a la città di Napoli, ma que' di Napoli non si vollono arrendere, onde Arrigo vi puose l'assedio, e stettevi tre mesi. E nella detta oste fue tanta pestilenzia d'infermità e di mortalità, che 'l detto Arrigo e la moglie v'infermaro, e della sua gente vi morì la maggiore parte; onde per necessità si levò dal detto assedio con pochi quasi inn-isconfitta, e infermo tornò a Roma, e la 'mperadrice Gostanza per malatia presa ne l'oste poco appresso si morìo, e lasciò Federigo suo figliuolo piccolino in guardia e in tutela di santa Chiesa. […]
How the emperor Arrigo conquered the kingdom Puglia As the said Arrigo was crowned emperor [1191], and married empress Gostanza, so he had the kingdom of Sicily and Apulia as a dowry, with the consent of the pope and the Church, and making the fee used, and already Federigo his son was born, He went into the kingdom with his entourage and his wife and conquered the whole country as far as the city of Naples, but the people of Naples did not want to surrender, so Arrigo laid siege to it and stayed there for three months. In the camp there was such a plague of sickness and death that the said Arrigo and his wife fell ill, and most of his people died there; so that he had to leave the siege with a few almost unconquered, and he returned to Rome sick, and the empress Gostanza died a short time later of a disease caught in the camp, and left Federigo his young son in the custody of the Holy Church.
While the temperature decrease in August, people get sick with fever.
Estas ferventissima in augusto mense subito tempore refriguit; unde febres acutae et quartanae passim in hominibus dominantur.
The weather which was hot abruptly changed in August. Then, people were affected by fever.
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, p. 198
A mortality, attributed to summer's heat, decimates crusaders under the leadership of the archbishop of Mainz in Acre
Cunradus Mogontinus archiepiscopus in mense Ianuario iter dominice crucis arripiens, multis sibi signatis sociatis, valedicens imperatori in Apulia, inde navigavit Accaron. Cetera autem multitudo innumerabilium signatorum induciaverunt expedicionem ad festum sancte Walpurgis. Omnibus autem ad littus maris pervenientibus, inparatis navibus, propter fervorem mensis Augusti tanta mortalitas exorta est, ut vix decimus de tanta multitudine mortis imperium effugeret.
Conrad, the Archbishop of Mainz, undertaking a crusade in the month of January, accompanied by many associates bearing signs, bid farewell to the emperor in Apulia, and from there sailed to Acre. However, the rest of the countless multitude, who had enlisted for the expedition to the feast of Saint Walpurgis, arrived at the shore unprepared, with insufficient ships. Due to the heat of the month of August, such a deadly disease broke out among all those reaching the seaside that barely a tenth of the immense multitude escaped the grip of death.
A cattle mortality breaks out in the Holy Roman Empire.
Inaudita mortalitas boum per totum imperium.
Unheard mortality of the cattle all across the Empire.
Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. III, Mocква: Языки Руской Культуры, 2000 pp. 45–46
Horse sickness in Novgorod and the sorrounding area
(6711) Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов.
In that year, because of our sins, they fell horses in Novgorod and in the villages, until it was impossible to go anywhere because of the stench
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 246.
Horse sickness in Novgorod the Great
Тогo же лѣтa [6712], по грѣхомъ нашимъ, изoмроша конѣ в Новѣгородѣ и по селомъ, яко нѣлзѣ бяше поити смрады никуда же.
The same year [6712] for our sins all the horses died in Novgorod and in the villages so that it was not possible to go anywhere for the stench.
Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. III, Mocква: Языки Руской Культуры, 2000. pp. 45–46.
(6711) Томь же лѣтѣ, по грѣхомъ нашимъ, измроша кони Новѣгородѣ и по селомъ, яко нѣлзѣ бяше поити смрада никуда же Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов
In that year, because of our sins, they fell horses in Novgorod and in the villages, until it was impossible to go anywhere becouse of the stench
High mortality and disease among cattles and pigs
Et fuit maxima mortalitas et pestilentia bovum et porcorum
And there was the greatest mortality and plague among cattle and pigs
A mortality among sheeps breaks out in the Holy Roman Empire.
Mortality of sheeps all across the Empire.
Jón Sigurðsson et al.: ''Diplomatarium Islandicum'' (= Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn). Copenhagen 1857–67, p. 369
19th-cent. summary of a cartulary of the church of Álftamýrar in the Icelandic Westfjords on a mortal disease of the Bishop Páll Jónsson (b. 1155) in 1211
Þessi máldagi er svo forn, að hann verðr varla talinn ýngri en frá tíma Páls biskups Jónssonar, og er þá sennilegast að heimfæra hann til þess árs, þegar Páll biskup fór yfir Vestfirðínga fjórðúng; en þetta var árið 1211, svo sem segir í sögu hans [...]). Í þessari ferð tók hann banasótt, og komst nauðulega til Hítardals, þar lá hann nálega fjórar vikur, og komst heim í Skálholt þrem nóttum fjrir Símonsmessu (25. Oktbr.). Þó reis hann aptr úr rekkju og las messu seinast á ahraheilagra messu dag (1. Novbr,), en nokkrum dögum seinna sló honum niðr aptr, og andaðist hann í Skálholti 29. Novbr. 1211.
This cartulary is so old that it can hardly be considered younger than the time of Bishop Páll Jónsson, and it is most likely to be attributed to the year when Bishop Páll crossed the quarter of the Westfjords; and this was in the year 1211, as it says in his story (Páls biskpus saga ch. 17; Bisk. s. I, 141). During this trip, he caught a mortal illness, and had to come to Hítardalur, where he lay for almost four weeks, and came home to Skálholt three nights before Simon's Mass (25 October). However, he got up again from his bed and read Mass last on All Saints' Day (1 November), but a few days later he fell down again, and he died in Skálholt on 29 November 1211.
Jón Sigurðsson et al.: ''Diplomatarium Islandicum'' (= Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn). Copenhagen 1857–67
Death of Queen Tamar of Georgia by an unknown disease, maybe Leprosy, in the town of Agara
Tamar stopped in Nach’armagevi, a place located high in the mountains. And all the didebulis and nobles were there with her. she took care of the state’s affairs and particularly those related to the churches and monasteries. And while she was there, she caught a disease, one that eats away at us people; it progressed day after day, becoming more and more severe. she hid it for a long time, so as not to worry anybody. But when the illness resisted treatment, with no benefit from medicine, the Queen revealed she had it. This disease of Tamar was probably inevitable; such long-lasting military burdens prey upon the natural weakness of women, and Tamar’s body could not live and remain protected from all kinds of accidents. But see, the people, who were devoted to her deserve much pity: how could they deal with such a disease? They took her in a palanquin to Tbilisi, and a few days later they decided, as they were wont to do, to climb into the woody mountains. They were in a hurry, and took Tamar there, still, in the palanquin. But her merciless disease took on yet graver form. They brought her to the fortress of Agari. And all the searches for a medical cure turned out to be vain. [...] on the eighteenth of January, Tamar fall asleep with the sleep of a righteous one; and the sun went out of Georgia, and only the urge to glorify her grave, gave sense to the earthly life among all us Christians
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP), T-S 6J6.20, ed. by Alan Elbaum [https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/17135 PGP]
In a letter a lethal disease in Egypt is mentioned, dated November 28, 1216.
אלמהדב אלמתסוק מן מצר... חואיג עטר ארגוה וצולהא אלינא פתעלמני בדלך לאן קלבי משגול מן דלך ומא כתבת הדה אלכדמה אלא ואנא מריץ ולא תסאל מא אלנאס פיה מן שדה אלאמראץ ואלמות אלעאם אללה ירחם ישראל ויעצור הנגף והדבר ברחמיו הרבים אמן סרעה סרעה תעלמני בוצולהא ליטמאן קלבי בעד תקביל מואטי אקדאמהא אצחאבנא גמיעהם מכתומין(?) באלסלאם... ומהמא כאן ללמולא מן כדמה או חאגה שרף אלכאדם בהא אללה יגמע אלשמל ען קריב ושלומך יגדל ואל ידל נצח סלה אלסאדס ואלעשרין מן כסליו קכח לשטרות
In a letter that has survived as a fragment, a member of one of Egypt’s Jewish communities informs the addressee that a lethal disease (Arab. amrāḍ, Hebr. negef, dever) has affected an unnamed place in Egypt. The letter is dated November 28, 1216 (Kislev 16, 1528 Seleucid era).
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP), T-S NS 321.93, lines 8-14 recto, 3-6 verso, ed. by Shelomo D. Goitein, Chief Judge R. Ḥanan'el b. Samuel, In-law of R. Moses Maimonides (in Hebrew), in: Tarbiẕ 50, no. 10 (1980), pp. 371-395 [https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/1477 PGP]
The fragment of a letter mentions a great epidemic (al-wabāʾ al-ʿaẓīm) which has struck the different parts of Cairo and has affected the physician and head of the Jews in Egypt (nagid), Avraham Maimonides (d. 1237), and his daughter. The fragment bears no date, but see here.
recto: ואמא חאלנא פאן אלמולי אלרייס הנגיד יג יק[ אלאכבר מריץ פי שדה אללה יעאפיה ובנתה[ איצא והו גיר קאדר עלי מלאזמתה{א} אלא מלאזם ו[ט]אה טול אלאסבוע לא ינזל ליל ולא נהאר והו מן דלך פי שדה עטימה אללה יומן (=ימון) [אלעאפיה] ואמס וצלני ורקה מן צהרה רבנו חננאל הדיין הגדול דאם עזה והו יקול אן הדה אלאיאם מתל יום הדין כל שכץ משגול בנפסה verso: ואנמא עזימתנא וכליתנא עלי אלכלאץ מן הדא אלובא אלעטים אלדי מא פי מצר ואלקאהרה בית מן חשובי ישראל וגירהם אלא ופיה מריץ או מרצי ואלנאס פי שדה עטימה משאגיל אנפסהם ען בעצהם בעץ פכפי ען גריב
As to us, our lord, the Rayyis, the Nagid [may his] gl[ory be] in[creased], the chief [Rav] is seriously ill, may God heal him, and so is his daughter; he is unable to treat her, and confined to his bed; throughout the week he could not get up, neither at night, nor at daytime, which caused him great grief; may God grant him health. Yesterday, I received a note from his father-in-law, our master, Hananel, the chief justice, may his high position endure, saying: "These days are like the Last Judgment; everyone is occupied only with himself." We strive to save ourselves from the great plague. In Miṣr [Fustat] and Cairo, there is no house belonging to important persons and, in fact, to anyone else, where not one or several persons are ill. People are in great trouble, occupied with themselves and unable to care for others, let alone for strangers.
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP), T-S 16.305, lines 24-31 verso, ed. by Miriam Frenkel, The Compassionate and Benevolent. The Leading Elite in the Jewish Community of Alexandria in the Middle Ages (in Hebrew), Jerusalem 2006 [https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5286 PGP]
A letter mentions that a disease raged in Cairo, dated on March 17, 1217.
לקד כאן קלובנא ועיוננא מתטלעה אלי אללה סובחאנה ותעאלי באלציאם וגירה ואלדעא אן יפרג' ען ישראל מן אלדבר אלדי כאן ענדכם וכנא נדעו אלי אללה אלא יעדמנא גאה סיידנא ולא נט'רה לאן סיידנא אליום נר ישראל עלי אלחקיקה ולא ארתפע שאננא גמיעא אלא בסיידנא
A letter to Avraham Maimonides (d. 1237), the head of the Jews in Egypt (nagid), in Cairo, written by the teacher, cantor, and clerk Yehuda b. al-ʿAmmānī in Alexandria. Yehuda mentions that the Jewish community in Alexandria had been fasting and supplicating on behalf of the addressee's health and for God to lift the disease (Hebr. dever) that raged in Cairo and had afflicted Avraham, too. The letter is dated to the end of Adar 1528 Seleucid era (the month ended on March 17, 1217).
Great mortality among livestock and animals.
Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1223 jor, do was ein gros sterbotte under vihe und den tieren und nüt under den lüten, und das werte 3 jor, also daz mereteil under dem vihe starp.
A dying. In the year 1223, a great mortality occured among livestock, animals, but not among people, and this lasted for 3 year. The majority of the livestock died.
Template:Lodovico Ostesani 897–1506, p. 1224
Epidemic and price increase in Bologna
Fu gran carestia, e moria à quest' Anno; il formento valeva lire 3., la Farina soldi 44, il Ducato valeva soldi 30; e facendosi lemosina nel Vescovato il Giovedì Santo la Stretta delli Poveri si affogornon 24. Persone.
There was great famine and starvation in this year; wheat was worth 3 lire, flour 44 lire, the Ducato was worth 30 lire; and there was a famine in the Bishop's Palace on Holy Thursday, and the Stretta dell'Poveri was starved 24 people.
Famine and plague/pest in the Rus territory. Upraising of magicians in Suzdal’ city.
[6532] В се же лѣто въсташа волъсви в Суждали, избиваху старую чадь къ дьӕволю наоущенью и бѣсованью, глаголюще, ӕко си держать гобино. Бѣ мѧтежь великъ и голодъ по всеи тои странѣ; идоша по Волзѣ вси людьє в Болгары, и привезоша [жито] и тако ѡжиша. Слъıшав же Ӕрославъ волхвы, приде Суздалю; изъимавъ волхвы, расточи, а другъıми показани, рекъ сице «Богъ наводить по грѣхомъ на куюждо землю гладом(ъ) или моромъ, ли ведромь, ли иною казнью, а человѣкъ не вѣсть ничтоже».[1]
In this year (1224), magicians appeared in Suzdal', and killed old people by satanic inspiration and devil worship, saying that they would spoil the harvest. There was great confusion and famine throughout all that country. The whole population went along the Volga to the Bulgars from whom they bought grain and thus sustained themselves. When Yaroslav heard of the magicians, he went to Suzdal'. He there seized upon the magicians and dispersed them, but punished some, saying, "In proportion to its sin, God inflicts upon every land hunger, pest[2], drought, or some other chastisement, and man has no understanding thereof".[3]
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 52
Massive death of birds due to carbon monoxide poisoning caused by forest and peat fires.
Toгo жe лѣтa [6732] бѣ вeдpo вeлми, и мнoзи бopeвe и бoлoтa зaгapaxyтьcя, a дымoвe cилнiя бяxy тoгдa, якo нe видѣти чeлoвѣкoмъ; бѣ бo якo мглa къ зeмли пpилeглa, якo птицaмъ пo aepy и нe бѣ лзѣ лѣтaти, нo пaдaxy нa зeмлю и yмиpaxy.
There was great heat that year [6732] and many of the forests and mudflats burst into flames, and the smoke was heavy, unlike anything people had seen at that time. They were like fog that clung to the earth, so that the birds could not fly in the air, but fell to the ground and died.
1224-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERY9fc973fc9321fe9e7bbf850869b00092
Disease in animals and humans in Bologna
Quest' anno fu grande mortalità de homeni, e bestie nell' città e contà de bologna
This year was great mortality of humans, and beasts in the city and contà de Bologna.
Tanta eodem tempore et in agro Bononiensi et urbe contagio pestilentiae fuit ut vix credibilia memoratu videantur quae de hominum pecorumque internectorum numero scriptores providere
Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457), pp. 11v-12r
Cattle disease and (human?) epidemic in Bologna
1225. Fù oltre la peste d' Italia una [f. 12r] gran mortalità di Buovi
Besides the plague of Italy, there was a great mortality of Cattle.
Fuit maxima mortalitas in bobus et talis quod, ubi fuit, modici boves ibi remanserunt
There was a great mortality among cattle, such that where it occurred, only a few cattle remained.
Template:Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986, p. 36
Animal disease and Epidemic in Trient
Ci fu una pestilenza di animali e una feroce mortalità di uomini.
There was a plague of animals and a fierce mortality of men.
Famine, price increase and high mortality in Bologna
Magna fames fuit in civitate Bononiae et per diversas partes et valuit corba frumenti tres libras et fabarum xlviij soldos, speltae soldos xxxiiij et melegae xxviij soldos [...] Fuit magna mortalitas tam in divitibus, quam in pauperibus personis
There was a great famine in the city of Bologna and in different areas and wheat was 3 pound and fabarum 48 Solidi, speltae 34 Solidi and melegae 33 Solidi. [...] Because of a great mortality a lot of poor people died.
Famine, epidemic and price increase in Bologna; Contado hit even worse; deserted village; Bishop's alms end in mass panic with deaths
In questo anno vi fu una gran carestia in Bologna, come ancora da crudelissima peste, in maniera che molti dei nobili nella città morirono, ma nel contado infiniti perirono; percioche le Castella entire andarono in esterminio [...] in questa penuria in Bologna valse lo staio dell' grano tre lire, la fava soldi vintiotto, la spelta soldi quatordici, et la mollidura soldi quindici, et il duccato d'oro si spendeva per soldi [1]30. Il che mosse il Vescovo della Città il Giovedi Santo a invitare tutti i puoveri a pigliare per carità il pane dove concorse tanta multitudine che ventiquattro per la folta turba morirono: perche ciaschun bramava d'essere il primo, essendo dalla fame.
In this year there was a great famine in Bologna, as there was also a cruel plague, so that many of the nobles in the city died, but countless perished in the countryside; therefore the entire Castella went into extermination [...] in this scarcity in Bologna, the staio dell' grano was worth three lire, the fava bean was worth eight hundred soldi, the spelt fourteen soldi, and the mollidura fifteen soldi, and the dukedom of gold was spent for money 130. This moved the Bishop of the City on Holy Thursday to invite all the people to take bread for charity, where so great a multitude gathered that twenty-four died because of the large crowd: because each one yearned to be the first, being from hunger.
Per Bologna et per tutta Italia quest' anno fu grande carestia, et valeva la corba del formento lire tre, intravene che la giobia santa facendosi l'ellemosian al vescovado, gli fu tanta la calcha che gli ne mor circa 20. E fu grande mortalità quest' anno per la cita e morireno molti gentilhomini.
For Bologna and all of Italy, this year was a great famine, and the forage was worth three lire, when the holy jewel was made to the bishopric, there was so much heat that about 20 died. And it was a great mortality this year for the citation and many gentlemen died.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 127; https://icelandicvolcanos.is/
High mortality in Iceland in 1227 as consequence of a "sandwinter", here possibly referring to eruptions in the Reykjanes volcanic system recorded in the Icelandic annals for 1226.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
''Íslendinga saga''. In: Kristian Kålund: ''Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók'', I. København 1906-1911, p. 386
Epizootic in 1227 in western Iceland
Þessi vetr var kallaðr sandvetr, ok var fellivetr mikill ok dó hundrað nauta fyrir Snorra Sturlusyni út í Svignaskarði.
That winter was called sandwinter, and it was a very hard winter when hundred of Snorri Sturluson's cattle died out in Svignaskarð.
''Íslendinga saga''. In: Kristian Kålund: ''Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók''
1227-00-00-Svignaskarð# QUERY9b7cb0aff5f3e5e9ed2929dbc8b24816
e fo una grande carastia valse la grano L 3 la coraba, la fava L. 2 ß 8, la spelta L 1 ß 14 e la melega valse ß 28. Nel dito ano fu una grandi moria impur asai paesi
Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 152-253
Epidemic in Árpád forces. The unsuccessful seizure of Halych by Andrew II. The chronicler described the campaign, especially emphasizing “the Pharaoh’s plagues” that struck the Árpád forces.
Ѡт[ъ]тѫдоу ж[е] поиде корол[ь] к Василевоу, и переиде Днѣстръ, и поиде къ Проутоу. Б[ог]ъ бо попүстил[ъ] бѧше на нѣ раноу, и агг[е]лъ б[ь]ѧше их[ъ], сице оумирающим[ъ], инїи же ис пѡдошевь выстоупахѫ, акы из чер[ь]вїа, инїи же в конѣ влѣз[ъ]ше измирахѫ, инїи же около ѡгнѧ слѣз[ъ]шесѧ и мѧсо къ оустѡм[ъ] придѣв[ъ]ше, оумирахү. Мнѡгыми же ранами различными оумирахү, хлѧби бѡ н[е]б[е]с[ь]ныа одинако топѧхѫ их[ъ].
From [Halych] the king went to Vasilev, crossed the Dniester, and headed toward the Prut. But the Lord sent a plague [upon the Hungarians] and His angel struck them down. And thus they perished: some shed their skin as they would their shoes, some found their way into the midst of a herd of horses and perished there, while still others died as they gathered around a fire and were raising a piece of meat to their lips. They died of many different afflictions while heavenly torrents inundated them without discrimination.
''Annales Ryenses'' In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980, p. 171
Severe plague and epizootic. The epidemics are announced by a solar eclipse
Eclipsis solis et pestilentia hominum et iumentorum magna fuit.
Solar eclipse and a great pestilence among men and animals.
''Annales Ryenses'' In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980
Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 512
Epidemic of famine in Novgorod.
Того же лѣта [6738] бы(с)[ть] моръ в Новѣгородѣ ѡт глада. Инїи лю(ди) рѣзахү своєго брата и ӕдѧхү, а инїи м[е]ртвоє трүпьє ӕдѧхү, а дрүзїи конїнү, и псинү, и кошки, инїи мохъ соснү, и листъ илемъ. И то все зло бы(с)[ть] за грѣхы наша. И бѣ тог(д)а нїкомү никого погрести мертвы(х)[ъ] ѡт множества.
That year [1230] there was an epidemic in Novgorod from famine. Some people killed their brothers and ate, and others ate the dead bodies, and others ate horses, and dogs, and cats, and others moss, and wych elm [1] leaves. All this was for our sins. Because of the number of the dead, there was then no one to bury the dead.
Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 511-512.
Epidemic in Smolensk (Mass graves mentioned).
Того же лѣта [6738] бы(с)[ть] моръ въ Смоленьсцѣ. Створша д҃ скүделнїци, въ двү положиша ҂s҃ı, а въ третьєи ҂з҃, а въ четвертои .҂ѳ҃. Се же зло бы(с)[ть] по два лѣта.
That year 1230 there was an epidemic in Smolensk. Four mass graves[1] were created. 16,000 were buried in two, 7,000 in the third and 9,000 [bodies] in the fourth. This evil lasted for two years.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character \",\"."]
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 125.
A two-year heavy plague in Smolensk.
Toго же лѣта [6738] бысть мopъ силeн въ Cмоленсцѣ, cтворища 4 cкуделници и положища в дву16 тысящь, a въ третьеи 7000, a въ четвертои 9000. Ce же было по два лѣта.
This year 1230 there was a heavy plague in Smolensk. They made four mass graves and placed 16,000 in two, 7,000 in the third, and 9,000 in the fourth. This lasted for two years.[1]
1230-00-00-Smolensk MLSKXVv# QUERYd06f9e9d1279ef2627ddd747110ad7c7
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unexpected number."]
1230-00-00-Smolensk MLSKXVv# ERRee86ac5249daf47c5a4d042b401176bc
1230-1231-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia?
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 54.
Mass deaths of people caused by starvation
Toгo жe лѣтa [6738] бысть гладъ по всeи земли двѣ лѣтѣ, и помpe множecтвo люди.
That year [1230] there was a famine throughout the land [which lasted] two years. And lots of people died.
1230-1231-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia?# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
''Annales reseniani''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 25
Mumps in Iceland in the year 1231.
''Annales reseniani''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 256
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 125.
Epidemic and mass deaths due to hunger in Novgorod.
[6738][1] Бысть же и в Hoвѣгадѣ моръ от глада, таковъ бѣ бо глад, яко мнози своего брата рѣжуще ядяxy, a инии мepтвое трупие ядяxy, друзии конину и псину и кошки, a инии мoxъ и cocну и илем и листъ, и толико бѣ множство мертвых, яко не бысть кому и погребати ихъ.
There was also a plague in Novgorod (1231) due to famine. For such was the famine that many ate their brother butchering them, and others ate dead bodies, others ate horsemeat and dog meat and cats, and others moss and pine and clay and leaves, and there were so many dead that there was no one to bury them.
Epidemic in Trient in northern Italy.
Extreme cold, which is why the river Po froze over from Piacenza to Venice- trade shipments on the ice; wine freezes in vessels, wines, fruit and nut trees die; people freeze to death in their beds; famine, price increase and epidemic
Eodem anno tantum frigus & gelu fuit, quod flumen Padi de mense Januarii taliter glaciatum est, quod omnes gentes utriusque sexus, & aetatis ipsum quasi terram aridam transibant. Et etiam a Venetiis usque Cremonam super faciem Padi mercationes deducebantur. Vinum inter vegetes congelabatur. Caristia subsequitur, & mortalitas oritur: guerrae & perturbationes incipiunt: ficulneae, & oliveta, nucleares arbores, & vineae aruerunt, & homines in lectis congelabantur
In the same year, there was such severe cold and frost that the Po River was so frozen in the month of January that all people of both sexes and all ages could cross it as if it were dry land. Also, from Venice to Cremona, goods were transported over the surface of the Po. Wine froze inside barrels. Scarcity followed, and mortality arose; wars and disturbances began; fig trees, olive groves, nut trees, and vineyards withered, and people froze in their beds
1233-01-00-Piacenza# QUERY9bff32dd2955b40cfb1259eb3ca8fc3f
Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto 1855, p. 4.
Outbreak of an epidemic in connection with ergotism in Limoges with mass graves.
Sequitur tanta mortalitas quod tam igne sacro quam a pestilentia multa milia hominum moriuntur. Ego una die semel in cimiterio Sancti Geraldi Lemovicensis vidi centum pauperes sepeliri; frequentius autem xxx. et l.
A mortality followed so that many thousands of people died, both from the sacred fire [ergotism] and from the pestilence. On one day, I myself saw a hundred poor people buried in the cemetery of Saint Gerald of Limoges; more frequently, however, thirty and fifty.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unrecognized word \"thousands\"."]
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874, pp. 157-158.
Outbreak of an epidemic in Limoges after a year of dearth. Precise numbers for the mortality of monks and indicators of mass graves.
AM°.CC°.XXXV°. fuit tanta caritas blade quod ante messes anni sequentis vendebatur sextarium siliginis xvj. solidis et amplius; sextarium albi vini, si inveniri posset, iiij. Solidis; unum pomum, vj. Denariis, et plus et minus, secundum quod erat magnum; urinale, ix. denariis; gallina, xviij. Denariis; malum punicum, xj. solidis et plus; ij pruna, uno denario vel duobus. Et erat tanta in illo anno mortalitas et fuit in Lemovicensi diecesi et circa, quod vix inveniebatur qui ad foveam deferret. Audivi quod Capellanus et sacristia deferebant quandoque in cimiterio Sancti Geraldi, quotidie triginta, xl. velita sepeliebantur; et etiam legi ibi fuisse centum pauperes sepultos una die. Multa (p. 156) millia tunc temporis perierunt tam fame quam peste. In abbatia Sancti Martialis obierunt illo anno, a festo Ascensionis usque ad festum Sancti Michaelis, xx. Duo monachi, exceptis illis qui obidierunt in obedientia.
In the year of the Lord 1235, there was such a dearth of grain that before the harvests of the following year a sextarius of wheat was sold for sixteen solidi or more; a sextarius of white wine, if it could be found, for four solidi; an apple, for six denarii or more, according to its size; a urinal, for nine denarii; a hen, for eighteen denarii; a pomegranate, for eleven solidi or more; two prunes, for one or two denarii. And there was such mortality in that year, and it was in the diocese of Limoges and around, that scarcely anyone could be found to carry the dead to the ditch. I heard that the chaplain and the sacristan sometimes carried [the dead] into the cemetery of Saint Gerald, where thirty, forty, or even a hundred were buried daily; and also I read that there were buried there a hundred poor people in one day. Many thousands perished at that time from both hunger and disease. In the Abbey of Saint Martial, in that year, from the Feast of the Ascension until the Feast of Saint Michael, twenty-two monks died, apart from those who died in obedience (?).
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876, p. 143.
A mortality breaks out in the monastery of Saint-Denis, killing 44 monks.
Hoc anno fuit maxima mortalitas fratrum monachorum in ecclesia Beati Dionysii fere usque ad XLIV.
In this year (1237) was a great mortality among brothers of the church of Saint-Denis affecting 44 monks.
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876
1237-00-00-Saint-Denis# QUERYcc8d2a13eaf7f96bdb640cda5d365df4
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 3, p. 519.
A flood and a unnatural air which led to diseases in London.
Eodem quoque anno, rivi insoliti et innaturales plurimis agris, stratis, et locis aridis et inaquosis, impetuose proruperunt ; et in rapidos torrentes ac repentinos excreverunt, ita ut pisces educarent. Aeris quoque intemperies et squalor innaturalis morbos diversos generavit, ut aeris inclementia pesti congrueret saeculari, et tam populares et agricolcae, quam milites et magnates, necnon et praelati, sentirent flagellum Domini generale.
In the same year, unusual and unnatural streams burst forth violently in many fields, streets, and dry and waterless places; and they rapidly grew into sudden torrents, even producing fish. The unseasonable and unnatural conditions of the air also generated various diseases, so that the harshness of the air corresponded with a widespread plague, and both common people and farmers, as well as soldiers, nobles, and even prelates, felt the general scourge of the Lord.
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 131
Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1), a volcanic eruption off the Reykjanes peninsula, and followed by an earthquake.
Sén cometa. [...] Elldr firir Réykianesi. Bólnasótt. Lannskéalftar miklir firir sv́nnan lannd.
Comet seen. [...] Fires before Reykjanes. Smallpox. Great earthquake in the south of the country.
Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1) and followed by an earthquake
Sen cometa. [...] Bolna sott ok landskialfte.
Comet seen. [...] Smallpox and earthquake.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, pp. 188-89
Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1), a volcanic eruption off the Reykjanes peninsula, and followed by severe earthquakes in southern Iceland
Sén cometa. [...] Sól rávð. [...] Elldr firir Réykianesi. Bólnasótt. Lannskéalftar miklir firir sv́nnan lannd.
Comet seen. [...] Red sun. [...] Fires off Reykjanes. Smallpox. Great earthquakes in the south of the country.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876, p. 144
In France a lot of people get an ophthalmic disease.
Et multi in illo anno patiebantur malum maximum in occulis eorum.
In this year, lot of people suffered of the eyes.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 190
Winter of plague in Iceland in 1246
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 256
Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1246
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania
Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1247
Epidemic with many deaths in Parma.
Item eodem tempore magna mortalitas fuit in civitate Parme, ita quod sepe et sepius quatuor et plures sepeliebantur ad unam ecclesiam.
Also, at the same time (1247), there was a great mortality in the city of Parma, so that often and repeatedly four or more were buried at one church.
Template:Salimbene De Adam 1966, p. 456–457
Illness of Hugo von Digne, probably part of an epidemic in Provence
De mora quam cum fratre Hugone contraxi. Ego vero et socius meus remansimus Areis cum fratre Hugone, a festo beati Francisci usque ad festum Omnium Sanctorum. Et gaudebam quia habebam occasionem standi cum fratre Hugone,'' [p. 456] ''cum quo tota die de doctrina abbatis Ioachym erat sermocinatio mea. Habebat enim omnes libros abbatis Ioachym et erat maximus Ioachita et unus de maioribus clericis de mundo, sanctitate et scientia incomparabilis. Dolebam vero quod sotius meus graviter infirmabatur quasi ad mortem, et nolebat sibi cavere, et tempus navigandi propter hyemem in deterius mutabatur. Et contrata illa illo anno valde infirma erat propter ventum marinum, et vix poteram respirare de nocte, etiam morando sub divo; et audiebam lupos clamantes et ululantes de nocte in maxima quantitate, non semel neque bis. Et dixi socio meo, qui erat iuvenis valde protervus: «Tu non vis tibi cavere a contrariis et semper recidivas, ego vero cognosco contratam istam valde infirmam, et nollem adhuc mori, quia vellem videre illa que predicat frater Hugo. Quapropter noveris quod, si occurrerit de fratribus nostris societas congrua, ibo cum illis». Et dixit: «Placet quod dicis, veniam et ego tecum». Sperabat enim quod nullus veniret, qui frater esset. Et ecce, Domino faciente, statim venit frater Pontius quidam, sanctus homo, qui nobiscum steterat in conventu Aquensi et ibat Niciam, unde factus fuerat guardianus. Et gavisus est, quando vidit nos. Et dixi sibi: «Volumus venire vobiscum, quia Ianuam ire debemus ad habitandum». Et respondit et dixit: Multum placet michi. Vado ergo ad procurandum ut habeamus navem». In crastino autem post prandium ivimus ad navem, que distabat a loco fratrum per unum miliare. Socius autem meus nolebat venire, sed videns quod penitus recedebam, assumpto guardiano loci, venit post nos. Cumque porigerem sibi manum, ut elevarem eum ad navem intrandam, aborruit et ait: «Absit quod tu tangas me, quia non conservasti michi fidem et bonam societatem». Cui dixi: «Miser, cognosce bonitatem Dei erga te, oquia revelatum est michi a Domino quod, si stetisses ibi, absque dubio mortuus fuisses; et Sapiens in Eccle. VII dicit: Noli esse stultus, ne moriaris in tempore non tuo. Et de quibusdam dicitur in Iob XXII: Sublati sunt ante tempus suum, et fluvius(scilicet mortalitatis humane) subvertit fundamentum eorum». Quid plura? Non credebat iste michi quousque vexatiodedit auditui intellectum. Nam per totam hyemem in conventu Ianuensi ab illa [p. 457] infirmitate quam in Provincia contraxerat non potuit liberari; et in festo beati Mathie intravi mare et a Ianua usque ad locum fratris Hugonis in IIII diebus perveni; et sex fratres de illo loco inveni mortuos et sepultos; quorum primus fuit guardianus loci illius, qui socium meum ad navem associaverat; alter fuit frater Guillielmus de Pertuso, bonus predicator, qui in conventu Parmensi habitavit aliquando; et IIII alii quos nominare necesse non est. Cum autem in reversione mea ad Ianuensem conventum retulissem socio meo de morte istorum fratrum supradictorum, gratias referebat michi, quod eruissem eum de faucibus mortis. Convaluit tandem, et post multos annos ivit ad provinciam ultramarinam, eo anno quo rex Francie transfretavit secundo et Tunicium ivit; et fuit ibi custos et pro custode ad generale capitulum venit quod fuit Assisii celebratum, in quo frater Bonagratia factus fuit generalis minister, et declaratio regule ratribus data.
About the delay that I contracted with Brother Hugh. Indeed, my companion and I remained in Aries with Brother Hugh, from the feast of St. Francis until the feast of All Saints. And I was glad because I had the opportunity to stay with Brother Hugh," [p. 456] "with whom my entire day was spent discussing the teachings of Abbot Joachim. For he had all the books of Abbot Joachim and was a great Joachite and one of the most senior clerics in the world, incomparable in sanctity and knowledge. However, I was saddened because my companion fell gravely ill, almost to death, and he did not want to take care of himself, and the time for sailing worsened due to the winter. And the sea that year was very rough because of the marine wind, and I could barely breathe at night, even staying outdoors; and I heard wolves crying and howling at night in great numbers, not just once or twice. And I said to my companion, who was a very impetuous young man: 'You do not want to take care of yourself against the adversities, and you always relapse, but I know that the sea is very treacherous this year, and I do not wish to die yet, because I want to see what Brother Hugh preaches. Therefore, you should know that if a suitable opportunity arises among our brothers, I will go with them.' And he said, 'What you say pleases me, I will come with you.' For he hoped that no brother would come. And behold, by the grace of the Lord, Brother Pontius immediately arrived, a holy man, who had stayed with us in the convent of Aix and was going to Nice, where he had been appointed guardian. And he rejoiced when he saw us. And I said to him, 'We want to come with you, because we must go to Genoa to live there.' And he replied and said: 'I am very pleased. I will go then to arrange for us to have a ship.' On the next day after lunch, we went to the ship, which was one mile away from the place of the brothers. However, my companion did not want to come, but seeing that I was determined, he came after us, taking the guardian of the place with him. And when I reached out my hand to lift him onto the ship, he recoiled and said, 'God forbid that you touch me, for you did not keep faith with me and maintain a good companionship.' To which I said, 'Unfortunate one, recognize the goodness of God towards you, for it has been revealed to me by the Lord that if you had stayed there, undoubtedly you would have died; and the Wise One in Ecclesiastes 7 says: Do not be foolish, lest you die in your time. And it is said of some in Job 22: They were taken away before their time, and the river (namely, the river of human mortality) subverted their foundation.' Why more? This person did not believe me until vexation gave understanding to his hearing. For throughout the entire winter in the convent of Genoa, he could not be freed from the illness he had contracted in Provence; and on the feast of St. Matthias, I entered the sea, and from Genoa, I arrived at Brother Hugh's place in four days; and I found six brothers from that place dead and buried; the first of whom was the guardian of that place, who had accompanied my companion to the ship; the second was Brother William of Pertuso, a good preacher, who had once lived in the convent of Parma; and the other four need not be named. However, when I returned to the convent of Genoa and recounted to my companion the deaths of those aforementioned brothers, he thanked me for rescuing him from the jaws of death. He eventually recovered, and after many years, he went to the overseas province, in the year when the King of France crossed over for the second time and went to Tunis; and there he became the guardian and came as a guardian to the general chapter held at Assisi, where Brother Bonagratia was elected as the general minister, and the declaration of the rule was given to the brothers
There was a great mortality in Parma.
High mortality in Reggio
Et mortalitas magna hoc anno fuit; et mortuus est abbas Sancti Prosperii [Gerardus].
Deaths among the French army in Egypt due to plague and famine
1250 - Sed et prius pestilentia et inedia multi periere. Habuerunt enim caristiam et penuriam comestibilium rerum et victualium, nec talem dispositionem aeris habebant qualem in terra sua.
The army of the Sixth Crusade under the leaderhsip of the French King suffers from an epidemic and dearth around Damiette.
Anno Domini MCCL captus est Lodoycus rex Francie, et maior pars exercitus Gallici qui cum rege transfretaverat a Saracenis est interfecta. Sed et prius pestilentia et inedia multi periere. Habuerunt enim caristiam et penuriam comestibilium rerum et victualium, nec talem dispositionem aeris habebant qualem in terra sua
In the year of our Lord 1250, King Louis of France was captured, and the majority of the French army that had crossed over with the king was killed by the Saracens. But even before that, many perished due to pestilence and famine. They experienced a scarcity and shortage of foodstuffs and provisions, and they did not have the favorable climate conditions they were accustomed to in their own land
Kristian Kålund: ''Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók''. 2. København/Kristiania, 1911, p. 123
Famine in southern Iceland (Kirkjubær á Síðu) in 1252 due to a severe winter.
[...] er hallæri er mikit á komit því að nú er vetrarríki mikit ok er bæði illt til matar ok heyja.
[... ] now there is a great famine, for the winter is now very severe, and there is a shortage of both food and hay.
Kristian Kålund: ''Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók''. 2. København/Kristiania
Many deaths in the army of the Pope in Foggia, but only few in the besieging army.
Talis autem tempore illo fortuna Principis fuit, quod licet de Papali exercitu in Fogia multi quotidie morerentur, multique infirmi jacerent; in Principis tamen exercitu, qui ante Civitatem erat, paucissimi infirmi, duoque tantum ibi defuncti fuerunt.
Such, however, was the fortune of the Prince at that time, that although many from the Papal army in Foggia died daily, and many lay sick, in the Prince's army, which was before the city, very few were sick, and only two died there.
Recently, Sekihansō (red rashes or sores) have been spreading widely throughout the world.
In Sōshū subsiding dysentery epidemic.
It is said that the dysentery epidemic in Sōshū (Sagami Province) is subsiding.
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, p. 660.
Starvation und plague during summer.
Jacuerunt terrae incultae, et mortua est prae inedia populi multitude numerosa. […] Annus insuper pestifer letales febres suscitavit, ita ut, si de aliis sileam, apud Sanctum Edmundum in aestate, diebus praecipue canicularibus ingruentibus, plus quam duo milia mortuorum cimiteria spatiosa occuparent.
The lands lay uncultivated, and a great multitude of people died from starvation. […] Additionally, that pestilent year brought about deadly fevers, such that, to mention only one example, at Saint Edmund's in the summer, especially during the dog days, more than two thousand dead occupied the spacious cemeteries.
Plague and mortality due to intemperate weather.
Aeris igitur intemperies, hominum pestem et mortalitatem suscitavit
The intemperate weather caused a plague and mortality among the people.
In Miðfjörðr was a great mortality.
her segir fra mannfalle pui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j pessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. J Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn
Here tells about the great man-death which was in Miðfjörðr, which began on the later feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week, and four hundred people died of sickness in these church districts: at Staðr, Gnúpi, Bakki, Mel, Hvamm and Hólar, and Tjörn
In summer high mortality in Italy.
Eo anno aestate fuit hominum magna mortalitas.
In this year was a high mortality among humans.
Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976, vol. 2, p. 224
Epidemic in Baghdad after the Mongol conquest of the city: A Mongol army under Hülegü Khan had captured Baghdad and killed the Abbasid caliph al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh [February 20, 1258]. Dead bodies were lying around everywhere, a bad smell developed in the city, the air changed. Many people died of the severe epidemic (wabāʾ) that followed the fighting. When the epidemic abated in Baghdad it traveled to Syria.
Famine and plague in the Middle East.
And in his time there was a very severe famine and a pestilence in all the land of SEN'AR, and 'ATHOR (Assyria), and BETH NAHRIN, and SYRIA and BETH RHOMAYE; for in DAMASCUS a young dove for a sick man was sold for twelve nasraye
Great mortality in Baghdad, which spreads due to the odor and contaminated water.
It is said that there were more than 800,000 dead in Baghdad, not including the children thrown in the mud, those who perished in the canals, wells, and basements, and those who died of hunger and fear. Those that survived the killing were struck by an epidemic [wabaˉʾ] from breathing the odor of corpses and drinking contaminated water. The inhabitants frequently smelled onions because of the strong smell. The number of flies increased, filling the air; they would fall on food and spoil it.
In this year (i.e. 1258), plague struck across Syria, the regions of Egypt, and the like […] A fever and cough occurred in Bilbeis such that not one person was spared from it, yet there was none of that in Cairo. Then after a day or two, something similar happened in Cairo. I was stationed in Giza at that time. I rode to Cairo and found that this condition was spreading across the people of Cairo, except a few.
Johannis Neplachonis, Chronicon, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. III, Praha 1882, p. 445-484, 474.
Anno domini 1258 XIV kalendas Junii eclipsis lune fuit et mortalitas maxima hominum fuit.
In the year of the Lord 1258 on the 14th calendes of June there was an eclipse of the moon and there was the greatest mortality of humans.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 257
Great mortality before Easter in Miðfjörður in northwestern Iceland in 1258
her segir fra mannfalle þui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j þessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. j Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn.
Here it is said that there was a great loss of life in Miðfjörður, which began on the last feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week; and 400 people died of plague in these church districts: at Staður, Gnúpá, Bakki, Mel, Hvammur and Hólar, and Tjörn.
Chronache Modenesi 1888, here: Cronca Tassoni, p. 58.
Disease and mortality in Modena.
Eodem anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas ferre per totum orbem
In the same year (1258), there was widespread illness and mortality throughout the entire world.
Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae, p. 176.
In Prague frost and mortality among sheeps.
Hoc anno gelu laesit fructus arboreos et vineas, et mortalitas ovium fuit
This year, frost damaged the fruit trees and vineyards, and there was a mortality among the sheep.
Richeri Gesta Senoniensis ecclesiae 1880, pp. 333-334.
A plague of livestock in Senones (Vosges).
Sed tamen pestilentia pecorum ipso anno finiente non finivit, sed per totum sequentem annum regiones plurimas bobus et vaccis [p. 334] penitus vacuavit.
However, the pestilence of livestock did not end with the close of that year, but continued throughout the following year, utterly emptying many regions of oxen and cows.
Richeri Gesta Senoniensis ecclesiae 1880
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, p. 674.
Plague among sheeps in St. Albans.
et pecudes necuit pubescentes, ita ut ovium et agnorum pestis fieret generalis
and killed the young livestock, resulting in a widespread pestilence among sheep and lambs.
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004, vol. 27, p. 369.
Around the time when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258). The former Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Nāṣir Dāwūd, died of the disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ [May 21, 1259], a village in the surroundings of Damascus. His cousin al-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the lord of Damascus, traveled to al-Buwayḍāʾ, transferred Dāwūd's body to al-Ṣāliḥiyya and buried it in the tomb of Dāwūd's father al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam.
ولحق الناس بالشام في تلك المدة طاعون مات فيه الناصر داود، وخرج الناصر يوسف صاحب دمشق إلى البويضاء، وأظهر عليه الحزن والتأسف، ونقله إلى الصالحية فدفنه بتربة والده المعظم
In that period, a plague struck the Levant, in which Al-Nasser David died, and Al-Nasser Yusuf of Damascus went to Al-Buwayda, showed grief and sorrow for him, and transferred him to Salhiyah, where he was buried in the soil of his great father.
Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks 1845, pp. 77-78.
Famine and plague raged in the East.
Cette année, la famine et une maladie dangereuse, désolerent toutes les contrées de l’Orient.[…] Cette meme année, une maladie pestilentielle fit, en Syrie, de grands ravages. Il mourait, à Alep, douze cents personnes par jour. Und grand nombre d’ inhabitants de Damas fut victim de ce fléau
This year, famine and a dangerous disease devastated all the regions of the East. [...] In the same year, a pestilential disease caused great havoc in Syria. In Aleppo, twelve hundred people died per day. A large number of inhabitants of Damascus fell victim to this scourge.
Around the time (1258) when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258)
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, p. 690.
Strong famine and disease in St. Albans.
Defi[ci]ente insuper annona, pauperum multitude innumerabilis mortua est. Et inventa sunt passim eorum corpora tumida prae fame et liventia, quina vel sena in porcariis, sterquiliniis, et lutosis plateis, in semetipsis morticina miserabiliter tabefacta. Nec ausi sunt, qui domos habebant, perituros, propter tabem et contagia infirmorum in suam propriam inediam hospitari. Et cum plura corpora mortua invenirentur, factae sunt in cimiteriis amplae fossae et capaces, in quibus reponebantur corpora plurimorum
Additionally, with the failing grain supply, an innumerable multitude of the poor died. Their bloated and discolored bodies, swollen from hunger, were found everywhere, five or six at a time, in pigsties, dung heaps, and muddy streets, miserably decayed into corpses. Those who had homes did not dare to take in the dying, fearing infection and contagion, even at the cost of their own starvation. And since many dead bodies were found, large and spacious pits were dug in the cemeteries, in which the bodies of many were placed.
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, pp. 701-702.
Great famine and mortality in London.
Circa idem tempus, tanta fames et mortalitas ingruebat in terra, ut, ascendente summa blade usque ad pretium quindecim solidorum et ultra, et terra nummis esset vacuata, et per plateas innumerorum jacerent morticinia […] Jacuerunt insuper mortui super sterquilinia et in luto, et per plateas marcentes et tumescentes, ita ut vix erat qui mortuos sepeliret, nec audebant aut volebant cives vix aliqui mortuos propter tabem hospitari.
Around the same time, such great famine and mortality struck the land that, with the price of grain rising to fifteen solidi and beyond, and the land being emptied of money, countless corpses lay in the streets. [...] The dead also lay on dung heaps and in the mud, decaying and swelling in the streets, so that there were scarcely any who could bury the dead, nor did the citizens dare or wish to take in the dead due to the contagion.
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, p. 693.
Anno eodem, circa festum Trinitatis, immanis pestis et intolerabilis populum praecipue invasit et afflictum miserabiliter peremit.
In the same year (1258), around the feast of the Trinity, an immense and intolerable disease especially struck the people, miserably afflicting and killing them.
Then there happened a great epidemic at Cairo, from which hardly any one escaped; it began on Thursday, the 24th of Shawwál, and Behá ed dín was one of those attacked by it. He survived a few days, and then expired a little before sunset onn Sunday the 4th of Dhu’l Ka’deh in the same year (Nov AD 1258) and was buried the next after midday prayers […]I could not make it for [Bahaˉʾ al-Dīn’s funeral] prayer as I was engaged myself with the disease. When I had recovered from the disease, I proceeded to his grave for visitation and read a part of the Qur’aˉn for him
A plague disturbed a peace and raged also north of the alps.
Ceterum hanc ipsorum quietem aliquamdiu perturbavit vis pestilentiae, quae, tota fere Cisalpina Gallia debacchata, illos itidem vellicavit
Moreover, their peace was disturbed for some time by the force of a pestilence, which, having ravaged almost all of Cisalpine Gaul, also afflicted them.
Di tutsch kronik von Behem lant, ed. Vlastimil Brom, Brno 2009, pp. 504-508
Flagellants appear in Bohemia, go through the whole country and come into conflict with the established clergy. Many Bohemians (men and women) go with them. They are persecuted by the Roman Church.
Von gotes geburt her abe / czwelfhundirt gar / vnd dar nach nun vnd funfzcig iar; / Von den, di in der buz / gingin mit dez tufils gruz. / vnd der sel ein swer val / vndir einer neuwen tat / waz czu licht komen drat, / in dem vorgnantin iar / czu Behem quam fur war. / Do gingin blose leut / durch daz gancze lant wit, / di indecktin dy ruk / vf er cleins gluk / vnd slugin sich mit geisziln / den ruk voln kreiszil. / Si stracktin sich in daz kot, / vnd daz waz der sel tot. / Gotis dinst si smechtin, / di pristirschaf si echtin; / si sprachin: "Vnsir buzze ist der sel suzse / vnd beszir, wen vwir schrein." / Si hiszin laszin sin / gotis ampt vor nit, / und daz tetin dy lut. / Di bemisch herrin / sohin si von verrin / also durch daz lant gen. / Si sprachin zcu den: / "Wi turt er daz getun / an vnsir viszin iczun?" / Mit in gingin si bi nom / vnd slugin sich alsom. / Di frouwen in irn scharin / sach man alsam gebarin; / si tetin als di gouch / vnd geisiltin sich ouch. / Hettin si gewolt, / daz ez der sel frumen solt, / so soltin si ez bi tagin / czu buz intphangin habin / von den pristirn gelesin; / so wer ez der sel nucz gewesin. / Abir dy erstin nacktin / bosen vorsacz trachtin, / wan si slugin sich ser / vm den tufil Lucifer, / daz der gar vngenem / uf sinen stul widir quem. / Vnd do von in dysze mer / virnomen dy Romer, / si in aln czu stur / gabin ein buz mit dem fur / als andern keczern, / di si woltin mern. / Di keczir sint mit ganczir ger / des tufils diner, / vnd daz warn dy. / Dar vm offintin si / ir heilkeit misstetlich, / daz schied si von dem himilrich.
After the birth of God in the twelfhundred and fifty ninth year; of those who went in penitence with the salute of the devil. Doing their souls no good choice by this new deed that came to light in the named year in Bohemia. Naked people went through the whole land. They covered their backs with beatings by whips. They layed down in excrement and that was the death for their souls. They reviled the devine service and the clergy and they said: "Our penitence is the food of the soul and it is better than your shouting." They demanded the devine service to stop and the people did so. The Bohemian lords saw them go through the land from far and said: "How come they do this without our knowledge?" But they went with them and beated themselves. The flock of the women behaved likewise: they did the same and joined them. If they had wanted to help their souls they should have received the order of penitence by day and from the priests. But those nakeds had a bad scheme from the beginning: They beated themselves hard in order to bring the devil Lucifer back on his throne. When the Romans came to know of them, they let them atone by fire as they did with other heretics. The heretics are with their whole desire servants of the devil and so they were. Therein they advertised their failed holiness and this seperated them from the kingdom of heaven.
Template:Salimbene De Adam 1998/99, Vol. 2, pp. 548.
The greatest mortality in Borgo San Donino.
Dominus Rubinus senex erat et plenus dierum et misit pro me, eo anno quo fuit mortalitas maxima et quo Icilinus de Romano captus fuit in bello, scilicet MCCLIX; et confessus est mecum et bene ordinavit de anima sua et mortuus est in senectute bona, transiens de hoc mundo ad Patrem.
Lord Rubino was old and full of days. He sent for me in that year (1259) when there was the greatest mortality and when Ezzelino da Romano was captured in war, namely, in the year 1259. He confessed with me and arranged well for his soul, and he died in good old age, passing from this world to the Father.
1259-00-00-Borgo San Donino# QUERYbe8a607cfb23e1f7a23e1adb45395419
Template:Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844, p. 50
1259. Hoc anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas hominum in toto mundo, ita ut pauce domus essent in quibus aliquis sanus inveniretur; cepitque inicium hec mortalitas in magna ebdomada ante pascha, duravitque circiter unum mensem
In the year 1259, there was an illness and mortality of people throughout the whole world, such that there were few houses in which a healthy person could be found. This mortality began in Holy Week before Easter and lasted for about one month.
Template:Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844
A cough affected humans and horses in Innisfallen.
A common cough this year affecting human beings and horses, which was called galar na placodi.
Alberti 1541, pp. Dec. II, lib. II, ad a. 1259
Price increase, famine and epidemics throughout Italy
In questo mentre si ritrouaua tutta l'Italia grandemente afflitta, & per la gran carestia che da ogni parte s'haueua di tutte le cose attenenti al vitto humano, & per la vniuersal pestilentia che da ogni lato regnaua, con miserabile strage d'ogni viuente di qualunque stato, & conditione.
In the meantime, all of Italy was greatly afflicted, and by the great famine on all sides of all things pertaining to human sustenance, and by the universal pestilence that reigned on all sides, with miserable slaughter of every citizen of every state and condition.
Salimbene De Adam 1966, pp. 539–540, 548
High mortality in Italy and death of an elder Italian Lord
1259 - [...] quo anno fuit in Ytalia hominum et mulierum mortalitas maxima, […] (p. 548) Dominus Rubinus senex erat et plenus dierum et misit pro me, eo anno quo fuit mortalitas maxima et quo Icilinus de Romano captus fuit in bello, scilicet MCCLIX; et confessus est mecum et bene ordinavit de anima sua et mortuus est in senectute bona, transiens de hoc mundo ad Patrem.
In the year 1259, which was the year of the greatest mortality of men and women in Italy, [...] (p. 548) Lord Rubino was old and full of days. He sent for me in that year when there was the greatest mortality and when Icilinus from Rome was captured in war, namely, in the year 1259. He confessed with me and arranged well for his soul, and he died in good old age, passing from this world to the Father
Template:Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884, Vol. 5, pp. 746-747.
Severe plague raged in Paris and London.
Eodem tempore, ascendente sole cancrum, facta est hominum pestilentia et mortalitas inopinata; ita quod [S. 747] ubique morientibus quamplurimis locis aliis omissis tantummodo Parisius plus quam milia hominum sepulcris commendabantur. Oleum etenim, vinum, et annona corrumpebantur. Et quia mortis rumphea nulli parcens nunc hunc nunc illum consumit, aequanimiter egenum et divitem rapiendo, obit in illa peste mortifera dominus Fulco Londoniensis episcopus
At the same time, with the sun rising in Cancer, an unexpected pestilence and mortality among people occurred; so much so that, with many dying everywhere, in Paris alone, more than a thousand people were committed to their graves. Even oil, wine, and grain were being corrupted. And because the scythe of death spared no one, consuming one person after another, rich and poor alike, Lord Fulco, the Bishop of London, died in that deadly plague.
Template:Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884
Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727, col. 65.
Eodem anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas fere per totum Orbem
In the same year, there was widespread illness and mortality almost throughout the entire world.
Template:Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis, p. 795.
Everywhere a great need, shortage and price increase and thereupon severe plague in Salzburg
1259. Maxima caristia orta est per omnes terras, quam sequitur maxima pestilentia hominum.
In the year 1259, a great scarcity arose across all lands, followed by a severe pestilence among the people.
Template:Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis
Template:Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861, p. 529.
et multe civitates exuste, set unde nemo congnoscere quivit. Sequitur etiam maxima pestilencia hominum
and many cities were burned, but no one could understand the cause. A great pestilence among the people followed as well.
Template:Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861
Template:Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753, Vol. 2, p. 33.
Mortality of people and livestock in Wessobrunn.
Anno Domini MCCLVIIII. […] morticinium grande nimis hominum atque pecudum.
In the year of Our Lord 1259 […] there was a great mortality of people and livestock.
Template:Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753
Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 758-810, 795, l. 8f.
In this year there was a great inflation followed by a plague among humans.
1259. The greatest dearth arose in all lands which was followed by the greatest plague among humans.
Template:Salimbene De Adam 1998/99, Vol. 2, pp. 674-675.
Great mortality in Italy, for example in Bologna, Borgo San Donino, Milan and Florence.
Item eodem anno [1259] in Ytalia maxima fuit mortalitas mulierum et hominum, ita quod in vespertino offitio duos mortuos simul in ecclesia habebamus. Et inchoavit ista maledictio in ebdomada de passione, ita quod in tota provincia Bononie fratres Minores offitium in dominica olivarum dicere non potuerunt, ita erant a quodam frigore lesi; et pluribus mensibus duravit infirmitas ista. Tunc obiit domnus Rubinus de Soragna, barbanus Uberti Pelavicini et frater Marchispoli, quem in confessione audivi. Item in Burgo Sancti Donini ex illa pestilentia mortui sunt trecenti et eo amplius, et in Mediolano multa milia, et in Florentia similiter multa milia; nec pulsabant campanas, ne infirmos terrerent
In the same year (1259) in Italy, there was a great mortality among women and men, such that during Vespers, we had two dead bodies at the same time in the church. This curse began in Passion Week, to the point that in the entire province of Bologna, the Friars Minor could not recite the office on Palm Sunday, as they were afflicted by a certain chill; and this illness lasted for several months. At that time, Lord Rubinus de Soragna, uncle of Uberto Pelavicini, and Brother Marchispoli, whom I heard in confession, passed away. Likewise, in the town of Borgo San Donnino, more than three hundred people died from that pestilence, and in Milan many thousands, and similarly many thousands in Florence; the bells were not rung, so as not to frighten the sick.
1259-04-00-Borgo San Donino# QUERY89254ec25053f45ae6f54fbc8e3ba9e5
1259-04-00-Borgo San Donino# QUERYbe8a607cfb23e1f7a23e1adb45395419
Template:Salimbene De Adam 1966, pp. 674–675.
Epidemic and high mortality in Italy.
Et eodem anno MCCLIX magna fuit mortalitas, et composui librum de tediis. [...] In supradicto millesimo habitabam in Burgo Sancti Donini et composui et scripsi alium librum Tediorum ad similitudinem Pateccli. Item eodem anno in Ytalia maxima fuit mortalitas mulierum et hominum, ita quod in vespertino offitio duos mortuos simul in ecclesia habebamus. Et inchoavit ista maledictio in ebdomada de Passione, ita quod in tota provincia Bononie fratres Minores offitium in Dominica Olivarum dicere non potuerunt, ita erant a quodam frigore lesi; et pluribus mensibus duravit infirmitas ista. Tunc obiit dominus Rubinus de Soragna, barbánus Uberti Pelavicini et frater Marchisopoli, quem in confessione audivi. Item in Burgo Sancti Donini ex illa pestilentia mortui sunt trecenti et eo amplius, et in Mediolano multa milia, et in Florentia similiter multa milia; nec pulsabant campanas, ne infirmos terrerent.
And in the same year 1259, there was a great mortality, and I composed a book about weariness. [...] In the aforementioned year, I lived in San Donino and composed and wrote another book of weariness, similar to Gherardo Patecchio. Also in the same year, in Italy, there was a great mortality of men and women, so much so that during the evening office, we had two dead in the church at the same time. And this curse began in the week of Passion, so that in the whole province of Bologna, the Friars Minor could not perform the office on Palm Sunday, as they were affected by a certain chill; and this illness lasted for several months. Then, Master Rubinus of Soragna, the barber of Uberti Pelavicini, and Brother Marchisopoli, whom I heard in confession, died. Also in San Donino, more than three hundred died from that pestilence, and in Milan, many thousands, and similarly in Florence, many thousands; and the bells did not toll, lest they terrify the sick.
Mortality in Paris. Crops have been malevolent.
Anno sequenti, mense aprilis fuit mortalitas, maxima Parisius, et moriebantur homines quasi subito.
The year after, in April, there was a great mortality, especially in Paris. People died very rapidly.
Template:Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877, p. 187.
In Paschate etiam post fuit maxima mortalitas Parisius, et antequam essent vindemie fuit vinum ad IIIIor denarios per totum Parisius.
At Easter 1259 and afterwards, there was a great mortality in Paris, and before the grape harvest, wine was sold for 4 denarii throughout Paris.
Template:Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877
Template:Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004, Vol. 1, p. 493.
An epidemic broke out among the Mongol troops and they withdrew, when they were in Shu.
三月 （蒙古军在蜀），时蒙古军中大疫，议班师。 《续资治通鉴•宋纪》 一百七十五
In the third month (when the Mongol army was in Shu), a great epidemic broke out among the Mongol troops, and it was decided to withdraw.
Template:Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004
Template:Hyakurenshō百練抄 1897-1901, p. 341.
Prayers and rites were conducted at 22 shrines due to famine and epidemic, with the "Ninnōkyō" being recited for seven days to combat the epidemic.
廿七日庚子。依飢饉疫疾等御祈。被發遣臨時廿二社奉幣使。去十一日依日吉社火事延引。大納言資季卿以下参之。自今日依疫疾御祈。於諸社七个日被修仁王經御讀經。卅曰癸卯。自今日於仙洞被修仁王經。依疫疾御祈也
On the 27th day of the Gengzi, due to famine and epidemic diseases, a prayer was conducted. Envoys were dispatched to offer rites at 22 shrines. Due to a fire at the Hie Shrine on the 11th, the event was delayed. Dainagon Sukezane and others attended. From today, because of the epidemic, the "Ninnōkyō" (Sutra of Benevolent Kings) was recited for seven days at various shrines. On the 30th day of the Guimao, the "Ninnōkyō" was recited at Sendō, also as a prayer for the epidemic.
Template:Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929, p. 101.
Air corruption was followed by disease and bad weather and harvest.
Item in mayo [1259] fuit maxima aeris corruptio per totum mensem. Inde subsecute sunt multe infirmitates et mortalitas hominum. Arbores non fructificabant. Item mense Julio multa tonitrua et terribilia et fulgura cadentia. Item mense octobri ad festum sancti Dionisii per tres dies continuos et noctes horrid tempestas celum commouit et undas et multi naufragio perierunt
Moreover, in May 1259, there was severe air corruption throughout the entire month. As a result, many illnesses and deaths followed among people. The trees did not bear fruit. Additionally, in July, there were many terrifying thunderclaps and lightning strikes. Furthermore, in October, around the feast of Saint Denis, for three continuous days and nights, a dreadful storm stirred the sky and the waves, and many perished in shipwrecks.
Template:Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929
Template:Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004, Vol. 27, p. 369.
The sultan of Damascus died of a disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ.
The former Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Nāṣir Dāwūd, died of the general disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ, a village in the surroundings of Damascus. His cousin al-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the lord of Damascus, traveled to al-Buwayḍāʾ, transferred Dāwūd's body to al-Ṣāliḥiyya and buried it in the tomb of Dāwūd's father al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam.
Template:Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004
Template:Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004, p. 493.
About an edict ordering rice to be released for charitable purposes, because of famine and epidemics in the year before.
五月辛亥，雨雹。丁已，诏：“湖北诸郡，去年旱潦饥疫，令江陵、常、澧、岳、寿诸州，发义仓米振粜。”辛未，婺州大水，发义仓米赈之。《宋史·理宗纪》四
On the day Dingsi, an edict was issued: "In the various prefectures of Hubei, due to last year's drought, floods, famine, and epidemics, order was given to the prefectures of Jiangling, Chang, Li, Yue, and Shou to release rice from the charity granaries for relief."
Epidemic in connection with the flagellants.
Nell' Anno 1260 seguiura una attrocissima mortalita, che li sette ottavi delle Persone occissi alla sua falce, molte Cittade rimasero disabitate e fù al tempo del B. Riniero dove fù necessario per placare l' ira di Dio, che le persone andassero in Processione nudi insino alla centura disciplinandosi.
In the year 1260 there followed a very terrible death, so that the seven eighths of the people came to his sickle, many cities were left uninhabited and it was at the time of B. Riniero where it was necessary to appease the wrath of God, that the people went in procession naked to the centurion, disciplining themselves.
Flagellants in context of famine and epidemic
In questo tempo essendo molestata grandemente la Italia de la fame et de la Peste, hebbero principio le Confraternita, o come si chiamano a Bologna le compagnie dei Battuti
At this time, when Italy was greatly afflicted by famine and plague, the Confraternities, or as they are called in Bologna, the Companies of the Battuti, began.
Heinrici de Heimburg annales, ed. G. H. Pertz (MGH SS, 17), Hannover 1861, pp. 712-718, p. 714
Ibant flagellatores, que secta nescio a quo spiritu processerat; set multi nostri noti in eam ibant pura intencione et sincera devocione. Procedebant namque turmatim hinc et inde per ecclesias, precedentibus vexillis et cereis ardentibus, precinentibus duobus, ceteris respondentibus, stantes nudi et affligentes se flagellis, panno qualicunque succinctos lumbos et velata capita habentes.
The flagellants went about, a sect that I do not know from what spirit it had arisen; but many of our acquaintances joined it with pure intention and sincere devotion. For they proceeded in groups here and there through the churches, with banners and burning candles going before, two leading with singing, the others responding, standing naked and beating themselves with whips, having their loins girded with some kind of cloth and their heads covered
Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis, p. 492
This year, a great mortality raged in Normandy.
Template:Cronica Patricii Ravennatis, p. 1154
Great mortality in Italy in the year 1265
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi, p. 675, l. 8
Many diseases and plague among people and animals in Thuringia and the surrounding area
Similiter in Thuringia et in confinio eius multe egrotationes ac pestilencie hominum et pecudum irruerunt.
Similarly, in Thuringia and its neighboring regions, many illnesses and pestilences befell both humans and livestock
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 137
Unknown disease, literally "Russian illness", in Iceland in 1268
Charles of Anjou makes peace in Tunisia, partly because the plague hit his army
Reges, tum propter difficultatem urbem munitissimam capiendi, tum propter pestilentiam mortalitatis, que vehementer exercitum affligebat, tale pactum cum rege Tunicii pepigerunt: quod ipse persolveret regibus omnes transfetationis expensas et tributum redderet regi Karulo et filiis suis, quod ipse solebat persolvere annuatim magno principi Federico.
Plague in Austria and Hungary
Eiusdem tempore anni tam inaudita facta est pestilentia in Austria et Ungaria, ut ex tam vehementi pestilentie plaga in fossatis maximis simul et semel mortui homines tamquam peccora infoderentur.
Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879, p. 523.
Mortalitas maxima in Lotharingia. Illo anno 20 fratres in convetnu fratrem Predicatorum Metensis mortui sunt.
Great mortality in Lorraine. This year, 20 brothers died in the Dominican monastery of Metz.
Obertus Stanconus et al. 1863, pp. 283–284
Price increase in Genoa, Lombardy, Tuscany, France and in complete Italy, poverty migration and disease
In iam dicto anno [1276] victualium magna fuit penuries nedum in Ianua et districtu, set etiam in Lonbardia, Tuscia, Provintia et Francia, et quasi in Ytalia tota. In Ianua enim et districtu usque in solidos 40 frumenti mine singule vendebantur; quod autem durius est audire, nedum frumentum set nec etiam granum poterat reperiri. Qui enim granum habebant, illud ad libitum vendere potuissent, quantumcunque voluissent inde habere pretium; nisi iussio emanasset qua fuit cunctis inhibitum, ne ultra certam summam frumentum vel granum aliquatenus venderetur. Tanta autem victualium inedia nedum per totum illum annum set etiam quasi per totum sequentem regnavit, quod homines fame peribant. Qua ex causa urgente fame et fructuum paupertate, magna mulierum et hominum multitudo cum eorum familias etiam parvulis quos in cunabulis deferebant, fines Lonbardie, Tuscie, Provintie et totius Ytalie famem fugientes est egressa. Ex diversis quidem civitatibus locis et villis et quasi ex totius Lonbardie et Ytalie finibus homines mulieres magni et parvuli undique concurrebant, qui quasi fame consumpti velud mortui apparebant. Qui omnes habuerunt ad civitatem Ianuensem recursum, et quamquam Ianuensis civitas magna victualium laboraret inopia, tamen ad se fugientes non repulit; set ipsis miseris et oppressis fame [p. 283] compatiens manum aperuit et panem suum et omnia neccessaria eisdem esurientibus ministravit. Illo quippe anno et quasi toto sequenti aer infectus et pestilens celum fuit, et ad hec in omnibus iam dictis partibus morbus invaluit, quod infinitos homines et mulieres magnos et parvos fere in omnibus Ytalie partibus mors invasit.
Epidemic among humans and animals in Reggio Emilia
et magna mortalitas hominum, & bestiarum facta est eo anno
Months of continuous rain destroys crops, famine feared; livestock dies, famine, disease and deaths in Rome and throughout Italy
Eodem tempore [1276] quasi per totum mensem Julij, Augusti, Septembris & Octobris Deus tantum pluit super terram in Italia, quod quasi omnes segetes de Plano guastatae sunt & perditae, & timetur multum de caristia temporis in Italia, & propter multas aquas quasi omnes boves & vaccae & oves & caprae mortuae sunt in Italia, & Romae, & in illis partibus magnae fames, infirmitates, & mortalitates hominum et personarum etiam fuerunt
Epidemic with deaths in Italy and Lombardy.
De magna hominum mortalitate, et de domino Mastino, qui interfectus fuit.[…] Et eodem anno (1277) fuit mortalitas maxima et magne infirmitates hominum, puerorum et mulierum quasi per universum orbem et maxime in regno Ytalie et Lombardie.
About the great mortality of men, and about Lord Mastino, who was killed. [...] And in the same year (1277), there was the greatest mortality and great illnesses of men, children, and women almost throughout the entire world, especially in the kingdom of Italy and Lombardy.
Epidemic with many deaths and strong price increase of grain in Lombardy and Italy
Item eodem anno fuit maxima caritudo blave, ita quod sestarium furmenti fuit positum in asetum [fixing the price] ad decem solidos imperiales spelte v solidos imperiales; et secrete per episcopatum vendebatur xx solidis imperialibus starium furmenti. Et magna mortalitas hominum, infancium et mulierum fuit per Lombardiam et totam Ytaliam [...] Et illo anno fuit paucum blaudum per totam Lombardiam, ita quod starium furmenti vendebatur xij solidis imperialibus et starium spelte vj solidis imperialibus. Et fuit magna mortalitas per totam Lombardiam
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata, p. 728, l. 42
Anno sequenti pestilencia pecorum est exorta, ita ut nobis secundum veram computacionem mille et ducente oves et plus quam centum vacce morerentur; unde in comparandis lacticiniis multa expendere oportebat.
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata
1277-00-00-Steterburg# QUERYb5c5a267e4ad0daadcfc265e09a27f47
Epidemic and price increase in Reggio
Eo mense [May] coepit morbus Rhegii, & tunc statutum est, ut non pulsentur campanae, nec mortui praeconizentur, nec plorentur, & quod mulieres non sequantur ad Ecclesiam corpora. Et tunc frumentum valebat solidos VIII. imperial. et faba solid. XX Resanorum. [...] Eo anno maximus morbus fuit Rhegii.
In Italy was an epidemic with deaths and rainfall prevent sowing, price increase of all foodstuffs
Et eodem anno [...] steterunt magne infirmitates, pestilentie et mortalitates hominum et mulierum per universum orbem quasi et maxime in Ytalia. Et magna pluvia fuit, ita quod homines non potuerunt colligere melicas de campis nec eas siccare nec potuerunt bene seminare [...] Et eo anno fuit maxima caristia de rebus victualibus, quia aliquando vendictum fuit sest. frumenti VIIII sol. imper. et X sol imper., et sest. fabe XVIII sol. rex. et XVII et XVIIII sol. rex., et sest. milice V sol. imper. et XIII et XIIII sol. rex., et sest. spelte IIII sol. imper. et XIII sol. rex., et libra olei XXI imper. et XXII imper.; et de omnibus aliis rebus victualibus magna caristia fuit.
Mortality in the duchy of Normandy, and elsewhere (no precision).
Hoc anno fuit mors valida in Normannia et in multis partibus.
This year (1278), a great mortality raged in Normandy and in many other locations.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 152.
Death of numerous people due to various diseases[1]
Toe жe зимы[2] [6786] мнoзи чeлoвѣци yмиpaxy paзличными нeдyги.[3]
That winter 1278 many people died of various diseases.
1278-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 76.
Death of numerous people due to various diseases.[1]
Toe жe зимы[2][6786] мнoзи чeлoвѣци yмиpaxy[3]. paзличными нeдyги.
That winter 1278 many people died of various diseases.
1278-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia-Sim# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1278-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia-Sim# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Many apocalyptic events in Bologna, like on 25. January an earthquake and solar eclipse; Two months of rain, floods and consequently a famine and Epidemic with many deaths
L'anno 1280 all 25 di Gennaro in Bologna fu un gran terremoto et nell' hora di non si ecclisÒ il Sole et stete oscurato per lo spatio di due hore, et finito il detto ecclise appareve la luna di color negro, et fù veduto un Dragone per l'aria con la coda lunga volare; et la brina che poco dopo cade fecce seccare le viti, et le scemenze et in quello istesso tempo cominciorno le pioggie che durrono per due mesi continui, facendo l'aque dei fiumi grandissimi danni, et gettando a terra molti ponti percio ne segui la carestia et la Peste che gran numero di gente levò di vita
In the year 1280, on the 25th of January in Bologna, there was a great earthquake, and at the hour of noon the Sun was eclipsed and darkened for the space of two hours, and when the said eclipse was over, the moon appeared black in colour, and a dragon was seen flying through the air with its long tail; And the frost that shortly afterwards fell dried up the vines, and the fruit, and at the same time the rains began, which lasted for two continuous months, doing great damage to the waters of the rivers, and throwing many bridges to the ground, so famine and the Plague followed, which took a great number of people from life.
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300, p. 224, l. 53,
High mortality caused by severe famine and plague in Southern Europe and Bohemia.
Fuerunt nives, pluvie et inundaciones aquarum magne, et cepit esse fames valida in cunctis inferioribus partibus Europe, et Bohemi quocumque divertebant fame et pestilencia interibant.
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980, p. 281
Epizootic in Denmark in the year 1281.
(1281) Pestilence of the cattle.
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980
Item mel in Alsatia finibus pluebat, unde multi olera seu fructus commedere recusabant. Item pestilencia in locis pluribus sequebatur
It rained honey in some places in Alsace, and a lot of people refused to eat vegetables and fruits. And, an epidemic follows in several locations.
Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 17f.
Following a great famine a disease spread throughout Bohemia to which so many people fall victim that the graveyards have not sufficient space for the deceased.
De fame maxima, que illis temporibus fuit in Bohemia. [...] Fame igitur urgente tanta pestilencia in terra prevaluit, quantam retroactis temporibus, prout a senibus didici, nullus inibi expertus fuit. [...] ex fetore cadaverum aer inficitur et qui forsan amplius vivere poterat, fetido tabefactus aere subito suffocatur. [...] Cimiteria pro sepultura deficiunt et qui defunctos sepeliant, tedio affecti iam inveniri vix possunt. Magne igitur fovee fodiuntur, in quas multa defunctorum cadavera bigis incessanter adducta proiciuntur.
About the great famine which was at those times in Bohemia. Under the pressure of hunger a plague prevailed in the land and it was so fierce that noone in preceeding times has wittned the like as I have learned from old people. [...] From the smell of cadavers the air got infected and those who could have lived longer did suddenly suffocate, because they were poisoned by the evil smelling air. [...] The graveyards were too small for the funerals and people who were ready to bury the dead were hard to find because they were overwhelmed by disgust. Therefore, large pits were dug to which the many deceased were brought with two horse carriages and into which they were flung.
Continuatio Vindobonensis, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 698-722, 712, l. 24-26
A great wave of mortality went through Bohemia and Moravia. Heaps of people were burried in large ditches in the fields during winter and spring.
1282. Maxima mortalitas hominum fit per Boemiam et Moraviam. Nam Prage ac Brunne et alibi defuncti innumerabiles, velud fenum in curribus ad agros ducebantur; ibi in fossis profundis catervatim obstruuntur, tempore hyemalis et veris.
1282. A maximum mortality of humans happened throughout Bohemia and Moravia. In Prague and Brno as well as in other places innumerable people died. Like hay they were brought in waggons to the fields and there, in the times of winter and spring, large ditches were filled with heaps of them.
Caterpillar plague in Reggio Emilia destroys fruit trees, flowers
Et eodem anno fuit tanta multitudo erucarum, quantam nullus meminit diebus nostris, et destruxerunt omnes arbores pomiferas, tam flores quam frondes; et sic apparebant arbores sicut in media hyeme apparere soluent, cum prius optime floruissent. Et postquam in arboribus pomiferis non inveniebant quid comederent, transibant ad cimas sive pullulationes salicum et illa similiter corrodebant; processu temporis cadebant de arboribus et moriebantur. [p. 559] Nec fuerunt iste eruce ortonales, sed aliud genus erucarum fuit. Et eodem anno, in istis VI mensibus fuit magna carestia bladi, scilicet frumenti, spelte, melice et fabe, et de omnibus leguminibus et rebus
Cattle disease in (northern) Italy, Lombardy and Romagna.
Et eodem anno fuit maxima bovum mortalitas per totam Lombardiam, Romagnolam et Ytaliam
Cattle death, in the following high mortality among humans in 1284
1283 - De mortalitate boum que fuit hoc anno. Quod sequenti anno fuit hominum mortalitas subsecut[a]. Item supraposito anno Domini MCCLXXXIII fuit maxima boum mortaliltas per totam Lombardiam, Romagnolam et Ytaliam, et sequenti anno subsecuta est mortalitas hominum. Nam apud Salinum in Burgundia in quodam loco fratrum Minorum habitabant XXII fratres, quos ibi vivos invenit quidam frater Gallicus qui habitabat in Grecia et ibat Parisius; eodem anno, cum reverteretur, invenit XI ex illis mortuos, id est medietatem numeri supradicti. Audivi ab ore ipsius hec eadem apud Regium. In aliis vero partibus mundi eodem anno mortui sunt similiter multi. Et breviter ista est regula generalis, ut, quotienscumque fuerit mortalitas boum, statim sequenti anno mortalitas hominum subsequatur.
Annales Polonorum IV. 899-1327, p. 648, l. 28.
Tatars invaded the land of Hungary, then a great famine and plague started.
Eodem anno Tarthari terram Ungarie que dicitur de Septemcastris intraverunt et multos christianos captivaverunt et occiderunt. Christus autem tutor christianorum, magnam famem in eos et pestilenciam inmisit.
The same year, the Tartars entered the land of Hungary, which is called the land of Seven Castles, and captured and killed many Christians. But Christ, the protector of Christians, sent great famine and pestilence upon them.
Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: ''Biskupa sögur'' III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka fornritfélag, 1998, p. 136
Famine in northern Iceland in 1284
Þenna vetur [...] kom mikið hallæri fyrir norðan land.
This winter [...] came a big famine over northern Iceland.
Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: ''Biskupa sögur'' III (= Íslenzk fornrit
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 383
Plague, epizootic and a famine in Iceland in 1284
Sott mikil fiardaudi ok do mart folk i sulti ok margir bęir eyddvz.
There was a great plague, death of livestock, and many people died of starvation, and many towns perished.
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
''Lárentíus saga biskups''. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, p. 230
Mortality among cattle and famine in northern Iceland in 1284
Fjárfellir og dóu margir menn af sulti á Íslandi og auðn margra bæja.
Death of cattle and many men died of hunger in Iceland, and many towns were laid waste.
''Lárentíus saga biskups''. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit
''Annales vetustissimi''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 50
Great plague in Iceland in 1284, followed by a lunar eclipse. Out of the three lunar eclipses of that year, the only one visible in Iceland was the Total Lunar Eclipse on 29 June 1284
''Annales vetustissimi''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
De pestilentia qua Deus Pisanos percussit. Percussit enim Dominus Pisanos pestilentia illo anno (1284), et multi mortui sunt.
Regarding the plague with which God struck the Pisans. For indeed, the Lord struck the Pisans with the plague in that year (1284), and many died
Annales Augustani Minores, p. 10, l. 18.
Pestilentia pecudum solito maior per totam estatem duravit, ita ut in Augusta non decima pars vaccarum remaneret viva.
The plague of cattle lasted longer than usual throughout the entire summer, so that in the month of August not even a tenth part of the cows remained alive.
Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 525-527; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
Epidemic and famine among Tatars and Rus soldiers in Carpathian Mountains.
Быс[ть] идоущю окан[ь]номоу и безакон[ь]номоу Ногаеви и Телебоуѕѣ с ним[ь],воевав[ъ]шим[ъ] землю оугор[ь]скоую. Ногай поиде на Брашевь,а Телебоуга поиде поперекь горъ, што бѧше переити треми д[ь]ньми, и ходи по л҃ д[ь]невь блоудѧ въ горах[ъ], водим[ъ] гнѣвом[ь] Б[о]жїим[ь], и быс[ть] в них[ъ] голѡд[ъ] велик[ъ], и начаша люди ӕсти. Потом[ь] же начаша и сами покарѧти, и оумре их[ъ] бесчислен[ь]ное мнѡж[ь]ство. Самовид[ь]ци же тако рекоша: «Оумръших[ъ] быс[ть] р҃ тысѧч[ь]». Окан[ь]ныи же и безаконный Телебоугь выйде пѣшь съ своею женою ѡ одной кобылѣ, посрамлен[ъ] ѡт[ъ] Б[ог]а.
The cursed and lawless Nogaj started back with Telebuga, after they had pillaged the Hungarian land. [Then they separated], and Nogaj set out for Brašev, while Telebuga went through the [Carpathian] Mountains, which one could cross in three days. But he wandered thirty days in the mountains, driven [back and forth] by God's wrath. A great famine arose among [his men] and they began eating [their captives?]. Then they started dying themselves [so that] a countless number of them perished and eyewitnesses testified that there was a hundred thousand dead. [Finally] the cursed and lawless Telebuga made his way on foot out [of the mountains] with his wife and one mare. [And thus he was] shamed by God.
Connection of epidemic deaths and animal disease
Et nota, ut etiam alibi me dixisse recordor, quod ista est regula generalis et firma, quia, quotienscumque boum precedit mortalitas, totiens sequenti anno hominum mortalitas subsequatur. Idem post famem que precedit accidere consuevit ut mortalitas hominum similiter subsequatur.
Eodem anno fuit epidemia de tertianis in qua multi sunt de dicta aegritudine mortui, et praecipue qui fuerunt in exercitu supradicto
Epidemics near Parma and Rome with many deaths.
De magna mortalitate hominum que in diversis partibus mundi fuit. Item, millesimo supraposito, in villa Pupilii, que est in episcopatu Parmensi, infra tres menses LXXX homines mortui sunt. Nam ista est regula generalis sive argumentum probatum, ut quotiens boum precedit mortalitas, totiens sequenti anno hominum mortalitas subsequatur. Et eodem millesimo in urbe Romana maxima fuit mortalitas et infirmitas, ita ut mitrati inter abbates et episcopos a Pascha usque ad Assumptionem beate Virginis sub papa Honorio quarto XXIIII morerentur.
About the great mortality of men which occurred in various parts of the world. Likewise, in the aforementioned year, in the village of Pupilii, which is in the diocese of Parma, within three months, eighty men died. For this is a general rule or proven argument, that as often as there is a mortality among cattle, so often in the following year there follows a mortality among men. And in the same year, there was a great mortality and sickness in the city of Rome, so that between Easter and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, twenty-four mitred abbots and bishops died under Pope Honorius IV.
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, pp. 287-288
A great mortality among nobles in Thuringia, but unclear if disease-induced
Anno Domini 1285. magna mortalitas desevit in nobiles Thurinigie. Nam vix infra dimidii anni spacium nobilis vir marchio Theodericus de Landisberc et comes Albertus de Orlamunde et frater eius comes Otto, comes Heinricus de Swarczburc et comes Albertus de Glichinstein et multi alii ministeriales et nobiles mortui sunt.
In the year of our Lord 1285, a great mortality raged among the nobles of Thuringia. For scarcely within the span of half a year, the nobleman Margrave Dietrich of Landsberg, Count Albert of Orlamünde, his brother Count Otto, Count Heinrich of Schwarzburg, Count Albert of Glichinstein, and many other officials and nobles perished.
1285 - Honorius quartus cum cardinalibus suis, in civitate Tyburtina; et fuit ibi mortalitas maxima, usque adeo grandis quod solummodo de forensibus mortui sunt ibi duo milia hominum.
In 1285 Pope Honorius IV, with his cardinals, (ws) in the city of Tivoli; and there was a great mortality there, so great that only among outsiders two thousand men died there.
Great plague in Iceland (Westfjords) in 1285
Anno siquidem Domini MCCLXXXV, indictione XIII, quem millesimum superius etiam inchoavimus, totus mensis Marcii pulicibus plenus fuit, et ita abundaverunt pulices per totum mensem illum, quod, si essent in media estate, superflui viderentur et essent.
Indeed, in the year of our Lord 1285, in the thirteenth indiction, which we also mentioned earlier, the entire month of March was full of fleas, and fleas abounded throughout that whole month to such an extent that if it were in the middle of summer, they would seem excessive and plentiful
In Cremona, Piacenza, Parma and other regions: high mortality in humans and chickens. Epidemic with deaths in Italy and Lombardy.
1286 - Nam in Cremona et in Placencia et in Parma et in Regio et in multis aliis Italie civitatibus et dyocesibus fuit mortalitas maxima tam hominum quam gallinarum.
For in Cremona, and in Piacenza, and in Parma, and in Reggio, and in many other cities and dioceses of Italy, there was the greatest mortality, both of humans and of chickens.
1286-00-00-Cremona# QUERY9bff32dd2955b40cfb1259eb3ca8fc3f
Drought from March to May in Parma; epidemic among animals and humans; low grain price from July onwards.
Item eo anno fuit magna mortalitas hominum et bestiarum in civitate et episcopatu Parme, et maxime de bestiis menutis; et non pluvit quasi per totum mensem martij et usque ad medium maij, propter quod homines multum timebant; et eodem anno non fuit nix neque frigus aliquod in civitate vel episcopatu Parme. Et eo anno, scilicet post sanctum Petrum, starium furmenti valuit iiij solidos imperiales
In that year, there was a great mortality of men and animals in the city and diocese of Parma, especially among small animals; and it did not rain for almost the entire month of March and until the middle of May, because of which the people were very afraid; and in the same year there was neither snow nor any cold in the city or diocese of Parma. And in that year, namely after the feast of Saint Peter, a bushel of wheat cost 4 imperial shillings.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 260
aa þessum timum komu hardla storir vetr margir j samt. ok manndaudr af sullte eftir þat.
At that time, many severe winters came, and mortality due to hunger.
Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 537; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
Тое ж[е] ѕимы и в лѧхох[ъ] быс[ть] моръ великь, изомре их[ъ] бесчислен[ь]ное множ[ь]ство.
That winter there was a great plague in Poland [as a result of which] a countless number [of people] died.
Encouragement of marriages by the municipality of Bologna; fear of epidemics because of the weather, therefore banishment of lepers from the city to a hospital and financial aid for the poor.
Costumava in questi tempi il Senato di honorare e favorire li Matrimonij che fra li Cittadini si facevano dentro la Città, et in questo medesimo anno se ne feccero quarantuno Matrimonij nel quale lassendolo il Senato fece fare altre tante casselline di panno rosato, et a ciaschuhno secondo era il [S. 150] ne presentò una. Era questo favore di tanta stima che lo spos gloriandosi per otto giorni continui portava in capo la detta cappellina di Rosato. Et da li in poi lo spos la serbava in casa come segno di particolar favore fattogli dal Senato. In questo medesimo anno volle il Senato che si fabricasse un ponte vicino alla città per cui passa l'aqua del Fium Savena. Et perche pareva che l'aere et le gravi infermità minacciassero qualche disordine ne' corpi humani morendo gli' Infermi quasi di repentina morte fù dal senato fatto quest' ordine che nessun Leproso o contaminato nella persona habitasse, ne si accortasse alla Città per ispatio di re miglia, ma si fermasse all' Hospital di S. Lazzaro. Et se alcuno di detti infettati fosse povero, il Senato darebbe per ciascuno povero lire dieci.
It was the custom in these times for the Senate to honour and favour the marriages of citizens within the city, and in this same year forty-one marriages took place, in which the Senate had many other rosy-coloured boxes made, and to each one, according to the [S. 150] order, it presented one. This favour was of such esteem that the bride gloriously wore for eight continuous days the said chapel of Rosato on her head. And from then on, the bride kept it at home as a sign of the special favour done him by the Senate. In the same year, the Senate demanded that a bridge be built near the city through which the waters of the river Savena flow. And because it seemed that the air and the serious infirmities threatened some disorder in the human body, with the infirm dying an almost sudden death, the Senate ordered that no lepers or those infected in person should live in the city, nor should they be seen by the city for a distance of three miles, but that they should stay at the Hospital of S. Lazzaro. And if any of the infected were poor, the Senate would give each poor person ten lire.
Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 587–588, 593-594, 596-597; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
Example of leprosy in Rurikids dynasty. Illnes of Vladimir Vasylkovich prince of Volodymyr-Volynsky[1].
Кнѧѕю же Вълѡдимероу лежащю в болести своей пол[ъ]но д҃ лѣт[а]. Болезнь же его сице скажем[ъ]. Нача емоу гнити исподнѧа оустна – пръвого лѣта мало, на дроугое и на третїе бол[ь]ма почѧ гнити. И еще ж[е] емоу не вел[ь]ми бол[ь]ноу сѫщю, но ездѧше на кони, когда хотѧше”. […] Исходѧщю ж[е] д҃-мү лѣтоу и наставши ѕѣмѣ, начѧ бол[ь]ма нечимо: опада емү все мѧсо съ брады и зоубы исподнїи выгниша вси, и челюсть бороднаа перегни. Съй же быс[ть] вторыи Ӏевъ. […] и ѡт[ъ]пада емоу мѧсо все съ бороды, кость борѡд[ь]наа перегнила бѧше, и быс[ть] видѣти и гортан[ь]. И не въкоуша по з҃ недел[ь] ничтож[е], развѣ одиное воды, и тое ж[е] поскоудоу. И быс[ть] в че[твьрто]к[ъ]: на ноч[ь] поча изнемогати, и ӕко быс[ть] в коуры, и позна в собѣ д[оу]хь изнемагающь ко исходоу д[оу]ши.
Prince Vladimir lay suffering in great pain a full four years. We will tell of his pain in the following way. His lower lip began to rot. Only a little in the first year but in the second and third year, it decayed even more, and yet he was not very ill, but rode his horse when he wanted to[2] […] As the fourth year was coming to a close and winter [had] set in, [Volodimer's illness became worse]. All his flesh parted from his chin, his lower teeth rotted away completely, and his lower jaw [also] decayed. He was [indeed] the second Job. […] All his flesh parted from his chin and the bone had decayed [to such an extent] that one could see his larynx. And for seven weeks he did not take anything except water and that very little. By nightfall Thursday he began to fail in strength, and when it was time for the cock to crow, he knew that his spirit was failing to allow his soul to leave [his body].
Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 539; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
Epidemic in Poland, Rus and Tatars.
Тое же ѕимы не токмо въ ѡдиной роуси быс[ть] гнѣвь Б[о]жїи морѡм[ь], но и в лѧхох[ъ]. Тое ж[е] ѕимы и в татарех[ъ] изомре все: и кони, и скоти, и ов[ь]цы все изомре, не остасѧ ничегож[е].
That winter God's wrath appeared in the guise of great plague not only in Rus' alone, but also in Poland. That very same winter all of the horses, cattle, and sheep perished also in the land of the Tatars. Everything perished; nothing remained.
''Annales reseniani''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 30
Epizootic in Iceland in the year 1291
An unforgettable hard winter when cattle died.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 143
Smallpox and an epizootic in Iceland in 1291
Bolna sott a lslande. [...] Jǫkǫl vę́tr mikill ok felli vetr.
Smallpox on Iceland. [...] A harsh, icy winter when cattle died.
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 385
Epizootic in Iceland in 1290, probably referring to the same event as Annales reseniani and Annales regii for 1291
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 327.
Того же лѣта [6799][1]посла господь казнь свою за грѣхы наша: помроша конѣ в Новѣгородѣ, мало ся и оста.
The same year [6799] the Lord sent His punishment for our sins: the horses all died in Novgorod, and but few were left.
Great plague and high mortality in Iceland in 1292
Kom sua mikil sott um allt land at meiri lutr manna syktiz oc fylgði manndauðr mikill.
There was such a great plague all over the country that a lot of people fell ill and a great mortality followed.
''Skálholtssannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 197
Great plague in Iceland in 1292
''Skálholtssannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Template:Annales Caesenatenses 2003, p. 51
Epidemic with high mortality in Romagna
De mense Maii fuit maxima Caristia per totam Lombardiam, adeo ut multi morerentur in viis, & domibus fame terribili. Et ipso mense obiit Dominus Henricus Episcopus Rhegiensis, & tota illa aestate fuit morbus maximus per totam Italiam
Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 484
Epidemic in cattle on the territory of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus.
Того(ж)[е] лѣ(т)[а] [1297] моръ на скотъ бъı(с)[ть]
That year [6806] [1] there was an epidemic in cattle
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 84.
Cattle plague in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
Toгo же лѣтa[1] [6806] бысть моръ на cкoтъ.
This summer [6806] [2] there was a cattle plague.
1297-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1297-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Annales Polonorum I. 965-1325, p. 652, l. 31.
Generalis pestilencia animalium in tota Polonia.
A general plague among animals in all of Poland.
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980, p. 282
Epizootic in Denmark and indulgence in Rome
Indulgentia magna in Roma. Pestilentia pecorum.
Great indulgence in Rome and pestilence of the cattle.
Severe plague among animals, particularly among cattles.
Hoc anno maxima pestilentia animalium et maxime vaccarum per totum mundum suborta est.
This year, a great plague of animals, especially cows, broke out worldwide.
''Høyersannall''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 72
Plague in northern Iceland in 1300. The source also mentions ash and sandfall, and the fifth eruption of Hekla in July
Land skialfti mikill sua at margir bæir huarfuðu niðr. Halleri mikit fyrir norðan land. mattu tregliga sla fyrir ausku falli oc sandfalli. Hinn fimta idus Julii manaðar kom up hinn fimti jarðelldr sunnan j Heklo felli. Sandr kuam fyrir norðan land oc auskufall oc myrkr mikit. land skialfti fyrir austan ar
An earthquake so great that many towns disappeared. There was a great famine in the northern part of the country, it was difficult to fight due to ash fall and sand fall. On the fifth day of July, the fifth ground fire broke out in the south of Heklufell. Sand came to the north and ash fell and darkness abounded. Earthquake east of the river.
''Høyersannall''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 146
Famine in Iceland in 1300. Earthquake, Eruption of Hekla and fall of volcanic ash
Elldr hinn fimti i Heklvfelli .iiij. jdus julij. Lanndskialfti firir sv́nnan lannd. ok myrkr viða vm herǫð. ok sandfall mikit. ok hallę́ri.
Fifth volcanic fire in Hekla. 12th July earthquake in the south of the country, and darkness wide in the district. Great fall of sand, and famine.
''Skálholtsannáll''. Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 199
Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1300, in fact 1301. Eruption of Hekla, an earthquake and observation of a comet, certainly Halley on 26 Oct. 1301, in Iceland and Norway
Eldur hið v. í Heklufelli og land skjálfti fyrir sunnan land og myrkur viða um héruð af sandfalli mikið. Eldurinn var uppi nær xij mánuði. Mannfall fyrir norðan land, bæði fyrir jól og eftir. Létust eigi færii en d. manna. Sén cometa um allt Ísland og í Noregi.
Fifth fire in Hekla and earthquake in the south of the country. Darkness in the district due to a great fall of ash. The fire was up for almost twelve months. Mortality in the north of the country, both during and after Christmas. No less than 500 men died. [...] Comet seen all over Iceland and in Norway.
''Skálholtsannáll''. Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998, p. 351
Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle in Egypt in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301). A lot of cattle died. Subsequently, water wheels could not be operated anymore, draft animals were lacking in farming, and cattle prices hiked. Sugar cane could not be cultivated, thus sugar prices rose. (A marginal note in one manuscript adds: It was related that an elder [shaykh min ahl al-filāḥa] from Ushmūm [Ashmūn al-Rummān, in the Nile Delta] lost all but eight of his 1,011 Khaysiyya cows to the disease.)
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998
Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle, mainly in Egypt, in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301). Cattle prices hiked. Subsequently, water wheels could not be operated with cattle anymore. Sugar cane could not be cultivated and sugar prices hiked.

Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998, vol. 31, ed. by Albāz al-ʿArīnī and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ahwānī, Cairo 1992, p. 416
Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle in Egypt in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301) that killed a great number of cows. It was related that the disease had killed 1,003 out of 1,021 Khaysiyya cows of an elder (shaykh) of Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ (Ashmūn al-Rummān, in the Nile Delta). Cattle prices hiked and water wheels could not be operated with cattle anymore.
Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1301. Observation of the comet Halley on 26 Oct. 1301 in Iceland and in Norway
Sén cometa béði i Noregi ok á Islanndi. [...] Mannfall firir norðan lannd firir iol ok eptir. ok fell eigi fę́ra en d manna.
Comet seen both in Iceland and in Norway. [...] Mortality in the north of the country during and after Christmas. And no less than 500 people died.
Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1301. Observation of a comet, certainly Halley on 26 Oct. 1301, in Iceland and Norway
Sen cometa viða bæði a Islandi oc i Noregi. Mannfall fyrir norðan land fyrir jol oc eptir. oc fellu (eigi) færa en fim hundrut.
Comet seen wide both on Iceland and in Norway. Mortality in the north of the country during and after Christmas. Not less than five hundred died.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 263
Mortality in northern Iceland in 1301. Observation of a comet around St. Michael's Day (29 Oct.), certainly Halley on 26 October 1301
Manndaudr hinn mikle j Fliotum ok j Skagafirde. Cometa var sen af kaupmonnum j hafue vm Michials messo skeid.
Great mortality in Fljót and in Skagafjörður. A comet was seen by merchants at sea around Michaelmas.
Horse disease in southern Italy and Sicily
Eodem anno dominus Carolus circa majum transfretavit in Siciliam cum multitudine magna contra Fredericum praedictum, perdiditque majorem partem equorum suorum ex generali epidemia quae fuit in orbe
al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998, vol. 32 (ed. by Fahīm Muḥammad ʿUlwī Shaltūt, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ahwānī, and Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ ʿĀshūr, 1998), p. 78
Horse epidemic (fanāʾ) in Syria in 703 AH (August 1303 - August 1304) which killed a majority of the Syrian horse population; the author who lived in Damascus during those days lost all of his horses (ten or more) to the illness; before the epidemic, horses in Syria had been abundant and easily available; due to the epidemic, horses became scarse and their price increased sixfold.
Horse epidemic (most probably in Syria) in 703 AH (August 15, 1303 - August 3, 1304), innumerable horses perished. The stables of the amirs and the army emptied.
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ‘‘Danmarks middelalderlige annaler‘‘. København 1980, p. 282
Mortality in Denmark in the year 1305.
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ‘‘Danmarks middelalderlige annaler‘‘. København 1980
''Annales vetustissimi''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 53
Great plague in Iceland in 1306 and high mortality in the south of the country.
Sótt mikil a Islandi ok manndꜹvðr mikill fyrir svnnann land
Great plague on Iceland and mortality in the south of the country.
Template:Fragmenti di storia Bolognese, p. 129
Nel detto Anno, esendo multi Infermi et Amaladi, bevevano et lavavasi de laqua del Pozo de San Petronio, in San Stefano, e liberarsi tutti da diverse infirmitade
In the aforementioned year, when there were many infirm and amaleurs, they drank and washed themselves with the water from the Pozo de San Petronio, in San Stefano, and freed themselves from various infirmities
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827, p. 117
Si en fust la mortalité, / En cel an sur les hommes grant. / Li physiciens grandement / Lors gaaignèrent: qui ne peurent / En cel an vivre, celz moururent.
In this year, the mortality has been severe. Doctors earned a lot, and those who cannot live died this year.
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827
Rocznik Malopolsk, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, p. 171
After a comet was visible for 80 days there was a great plague among the animals
1307. Cometa visa est 80 diebus et secuta est magna pestis brutorum.
1307. A comet was visivle for 80 days and directly afterwards there was a great plague among the animals
Healing of fever illnesses in Bologna.
In quest' anno del mese di Luglio et Agosto [f. 192v] furono in Bologna grandi Infermita, e quelli che bevettero con divotione dell' Acqua del Pozzo di S. Pietro, che è di dietro il Sepolcro di San Stefano, sentirono gran giuvamenti e molti della febre furono liberati
In this year, in the month of July and August, there were great epidemics in Bologna, and those who drank with devotion of the water from the Well of St. Peter, which is behind the Sepulchre of St. Stephen, felt great joy and many were freed from the fever.
Template:Memorie della Città di Bologna, p. 73v
Healing of fever patients in Bologna
Molti Infermi di diverse infirmità andon in s. Stefano a quello Pozo se fece san Petronio, e bevevano di quella aquacon divotione et tutti furono liberati dele lor infirmita
Many sick people of various diseases went to St. Stephen's to that fountain of St. Petronius, and drank of that water with devotion and all were freed of their sicknesses
Epizootic in Denmark that is preceded by an invasion of Halland by the Duke of Svealand, Erik Magnusson
Dux Suetie Ericus uenit hostiliter in Hallandiam. Pestilentia pecorum.
Duke Eric of Sweden invaded Halland. Pestilence of cattle.
Great plague in northern Iceland in 1308
Great plague in the north of the country
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 265
Mortality in Iceland in spring 1309
Lárentíus saga biskups. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: Árna saga biskups. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, p. 304
Mortality in Iceland in spring 1309
Lárentíus saga biskups. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: Árna saga biskups. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 341-42
Plague in northern Iceland and pestilence in the south of the country
sott micil og manndaudi fyrir nordan land. [...] hofst sott og nocr manndaudi fyrir svnnan land en drepsott fyrir nordan land.
Great plague and mortality in the north of the country. There was a plague and some deaths in the south of the country, but pestilence in the north.
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Great plague in northern Iceland in 1309
Great mortal plague in the north of the country.
Great plague in Iceland in 1309
''Skálholtssannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 202
Mortal plague in northern Iceland in 1309
Mortal plague in the north of the country.
Letopis’ po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 7, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 185.
[6817] Того же лѣта моръ на люди и на кони и на всякiй скотъ, а жито всякое мышы поѣла
That year (1309) there was an epidemic among people and horses and among ranges of cattle; all the grain was eaten up by mice.
Letopis’ po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 159
Plague on people, horses and cattle, as well as hunger.
Toгo жe лѣтa [6817] быcть мopъ нa люди и нa кoни нa вcякии cкoтъ, a житo вcякoe мышь пoѣлa, и тoгo paди и дopoгoвь быcть вeликa и глaд вeликъ быcть пo вceя зeмли Pyccкoи.
That year 1309 there was a plague on people, horses and all cattle, and all the grain was eaten by mice, and because of this the prices were high and the famine was great throughout the entire Rusian land.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 87.
A plague on people, horses and cattle in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia.
Bъ лѣтo 6817 бысть казнь oтъ Бoгa нa чeлoвѣки, моръ нa люди и нa кoни, и нa всякы cкoты
In the year 6817 there was a punishment from God on people, a plague on people and horses and all cattle.
1309-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia Sim# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1309-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia Sim# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998, p. 413
Epidemic (wabāʾ) in Cairo and other parts of Egypt in 709 AH (June 11, 1309 - May 30, 1310). Many people died, most of them were mamluks of amirs.
In that year the plague became widespread in Cairo, in Egypt, and throughout the Egyptian lands, and many people died from it. Most of those who died were the dependents (households) of the emirs.
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339, p. 289.
Severe plague during the reign of King Henry of Carinthia
Tanta devastationis pestilentia sub Heinrico duce de Chorinthia mulctabatur tota Bohemia quod non solum urbes, villae et personae seculares, sed quod lamenteabile est, viri spirituales aratarentur usquequaque etiam in suis coenobiis et claustrales --- Cotidie premebantur.
So great a plague of devastation afflicted all of Bohemia under Duke Henry of Carinthia that not only towns, villages, and laypeople were harried, but—what is lamentable to say—spiritual men as well were everywhere plundered, even within their own monasteries and cloisters. Day by day they were oppressed
''Annales Essenbecenses''. In: Erik Kroman: ''Danmarks middelalderlige annaler''. København 1980, p. 323
Subiugantur regi Erico Rostok et Ribnes. Fuit tunc parlamentum in Skialschør inter nobiles et Haquinum, regem Noruegie. Tunc fuit hyems asperrima per sex septimanas continue. Tunc fuit maxima pestilentia pecorum in Dacia.
Rostock and Ribe were subjugated by King Eric. There was then a parliament in Skælskør between the nobles and Hakon, King of Norway. Then there was a very severe winter for six weeks continuously. Then there was a great pestilence of cattle in Denmark.
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 392
Great Famine in Iceland in 1310
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 342
Mortality in southern Iceland in 1310
Manndavdi micil fyrir svnnan land og sott med þrennv moti. landfar sott. bolna sott og kverka sott.
Great mortality in the southern part of the country. The plague came in three ways: typhus (?, lit. "illness that spreads throughout the land"), smallpox and a throat disease.
kuerka sott. stinga sott. bolna sott. augna verkr. manndauðr mikill.
Throat disease. Stitch illness (?). Smallpox. Eye pain. Great mortality.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 203
Mortality in Skálholt in southern Iceland in 1310
Manndauðr mikill vm allt Skalaholltz byskups dæmi. [...] Bolna sótt. kverka sótt. stinga sótt. Manndauðr micill.
Great mortality as above all in the example of the Bishopric of Skálholt. [...] Smallpox, throat disease, stitch illness. Great mortality.
Mortal plague in western and southern Iceland in 1310 and smallpox
Drepsott ok manndavðr vm allan vestfirðinga fiorðvng ok svnnlendinga fiorðrung ok bólna sott sva at svmir menn fvnoðo i svndr.
Mortal plague and mortality in all quarters of the Westfjords and in one quarter of the south, and such smallpox that some people decayed into pieces.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 149-50
Smallpox and a tongue-disease in Iceland in 1310
Smallpox on Iceland. and tongue-disease.
Smallpox in Iceland in the year 1310.
Pestilentia hominum et pecorum atque pecudum facta est magna.
There was a great pestilence of humans as well as of cattle.
Epidemic (wabāʾ) in Cairo in Shaʿbān 709 AH (January 4 - February 1, 1310). 100 people died per day.
The army of the Roman-Germanic King Henry VII. is decimated by epidemics during the siege of Brescia
Multi quidem de exercitu mortui sunt ferro, alii vero epidemia crudelissima in omni parte praedicti exercitus continue vexati, absque nullo remedio mortui sunt quasi tertia pars eorum; equi eorum et iumenta a muschis occisa in magna quantitate. [...] Multa mala passus est Henricus, et gentes eius, expensis, ferro, peste, et epidemia; dicitur communiter, quod ibi mortui sunt plusquam decem millia viri bellatores
Many from this army were killed by fighting, but othery by a most cruel epidemic that hit everywhere in the aforementioned army. Without any remedy a third part of them died; and their horses and draft animals were killed by the mosquitos in large numbers [...] Henry had to suffer a lot of evil things: Expenses, war, plague and epidemics. Many people said that there died more than ten thousand fighters
Strong price increase, many deaths caused by famine and a desolation in Piacenza
Eodem anno & anno sequenti fuit fames valida in Placentia, & valuit starius frumenti soldos XXX, starius milii soldos XX, starius milicae soldiso XVI, et starius sicalis soldos XXIV. Et dicto anno innumerabiles per Civitatem Placentiae cadentes mortui sunt fame & pestilentia; & tunc Civitas Placentiae quasi tota fuit depopulata & evacuata Populo et laboratoribus.
1311-00-00-Piacenza# QUERY9bff32dd2955b40cfb1259eb3ca8fc3f
Template:Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457), p. 24
Price increase and epidemic in Bologna.
Die quest' anno fu una gran mortalità sconosciuta dalli medici, fu similmente una grandissima carestia si di pane, come di vino, et aceto, che il fromento si vende sol. [f. 21v] di venti la Corba, che prima si vende una cinque, et il vino, et l'aceto 40 bolognini.
In this year there was a great mortality unknown to the doctors, there was likewise a great famine both of bread and of wine and vinegar, so that the fromento was sold for only. [f. 21v] of twenty la Corba, which was previously sold at five, and the wine, and vinegar 40 bolognini.
Price increase and epidemic in Italy
Eo anno fere per omnem Ytaliam caritas anone et comestalium omnium que per totum annum duravit. Hominum etiam lues maxima ubique plus virorum quam mulierum et magis locuplectuum quam egenorum.
Famine and epidemics in Italy
In Italia, fere per totam, caritas magna annone, vini et omnium escalium, et lues et mortalitas plus virorum quam mulierum et magis locupletum quam egenorum
Price increase and high mortality in Bologna
Eo anno fuit karitudo magna panis et vini tempore estivo et mortalitas magna gencium ubicumque; et multi de Bononia obierunt, et medici non bene cognoserunt malum eorum. Item de mense iunii desendit furmentum et valuit xx soldos quod parum ante valebat lv soldos bon., et valuit illo anno acetum et vinum xl soldos et ultra.
Severe epidemic in Parma and also in complete Lombardy with many deaths, mainly men, but also heat; poor people mow wild grass and sell it.
De mense junij, julij et augusti magna mortalitas fuit in civitate Parme, et etiam per Lombardiam, hominum, et pauci qui infirmabantur, liberabantur, et infra octo vel novem dies moriebantur, ita quod prohibitum fuit mortuos cridari per commune Parme per civitatem, sicut antea moris erat; et hoc evenit magis in civitate Parme quam in episcopatu, et magis in masculis quam in feminis; et multi infirmi fuerunt. Et eo tempore maximus calor fuit, et per multos burgos civitatis et stratas erbe selvatice et pabulum nascebatur sic et in campaneis, it quod ribaldi metebant pabulum et erbam que dicitur zovenzonum per burgos et stratas civitatis et portabant eam ad vendendum.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 75
Epizootic in Iceland in the year 1313.
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 343
Epizootic in Iceland in 1313
hrider og fiar fellir micill æ Islandi svo at vida vm sveiter vrdu menn mioc svo snauder at kvikfie og mest hrossa fie.
Snowstorms and mortality of cattle on Iceland so that in many parts of the countryside people became very destitute of livestock and mostly horses.
Snio vetr allmikill vm allt ok þar með fial fellir.
Very harsh winter with snow all over the country and with it mortality of cattle.
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 387
Great Famine in Iceland in 1313
Severe plague and famine lasted three years after the death of King Henry VII. in 1313
Etiam pestilentia universalis erat adeo magna, quod multorum pauperum Corpora exanima, fame et pestilentia infecta, in stratis publicis inveniebantur, et a pluribus civitatibus magnae generales foveae in cimiterium consecratae parabantur, et pretia statuebantur, ut ipsa cadavera sepulturae traderentur. Istae plagae, heu! post mortem lamentabilem Henrici imperatoris in flagellum omnium nationum statim esse coeperunt, et plus quam per triennium miserabiliter duraverunt. […]
Price increase in Lombardy leads to famine deaths and in summer an epidemic throughout Italy
Annales Bohemiae brevissimi, p. 720, l. 40.
Severe famine and plague among humans and animals
Ex magnitudine grigios et nivis facta est caristia maxima et pestilentia hominum et brutorum animalium infinita multitudo, et facta est tunc miseria inaudita.
Because of great cold and a high amount of snow there was a great increase in prices and a disease (pestilencia) afflicted humans and wild animals in infinite numbers and it caused then a misery formerly unheard of.
Giovanni Villani 1990, Vol. 2, pp. 267-268.
A comet in the sky was predicted by the astrologers as a sign for novelties and pestilence.
Come apparve una stella commeta in cielo. Nel detto anno MCCCXIIII apparve una commeta di verso settantrione quasi a la fine del segno de la Vergine, e durò di VI semmane, e seconde che (p. 268) dissono gli astrologi, significò molte novità e pestilenze ch'appresso furono, e la morte del re di Francia e di suoi figliuoli, che morirono poco appresso.
How a comet star appeared in the sky. In the said year 1314 a comet appeared in the north almost at the end of the sign of the Virgin, and lasted six weeks, and according to what the astrologers say, it signified many novelties and pestilences that followed, and the death of the King of France and his sons, who died shortly afterwards.
Famine in southern Iceland in 1314
Mann fall sua mikit i svllt fyrir sunnan land af fatæku folki at komu .ccc. lika til Strandar kirkiu i Selvági. á auðru hundraði j Skala hollti ok margt til hverrar kirkiu.
Such a high mortality among poor people caused by a famine in the south of the country that 300 dead bodies came to Strandarkirkja in Selvogur, another hundred to Skálholt and many to each church ...
Famine in Western Europe, caused by incessant rain, causes epidemics and lack of grain and wine; merchants are fleeing back to Asti
Notum sit omnibus presentibus et futuris quod anno MCCCXV fuit fames valida in regionibus Alamanniae, Olandiae, Flandriae, Pannoniae, Lorenae, Brabantiae, Franciae, talis, quod similis non est a saeculo audita, quia granum, quod caperet Astensis mina, vendebatur quindecim grossis turonensibus, et pinta boni vini ad mensuram Astensem in supradictis locis vendebatur grossis sex turonensibus: et tantum duravit dicta fames, quod pro aliquo precio furmentum et avena non inveniebatur et vinum. Et haec acciderunt ex abundantia pluviae,quia in diebus illis pluvia de coelo non cessavit. Ex quibus pauperes innumerabiles obierunt fame, et inveniebantur in viis et plateis mortui sicut canes. Post haec epdimia sive mortalitas supervenit tam divitibus quam egenis, ex qua tercia pars virorum et mulierum supradictarum regionum obierant, et maxime rex Franciae qui non regnavit per annum: et tantum duravit, quod quasi non inveniebatur, qui mortuos sepelliret; et hoch verum est, quia multi Astenses habitantes in partibus illis venientes Asti, et fugientes fames illas et pestes, et alii multi de patria illa quasi mortui fame approbabant, et dicebant omnia esse vera, et in fine omnes eiusdem patriae firmiter asserebant, quod ex eadem fame et epidimia tercia pars virorum et mulierum obierunt.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 472
High mortality and plague in Bohemia and all over the world
et secuta est postmodum maxima pestilencia et mortalitas hominum in omnibus partibus mundi, ita ut magne fierent ubique fovee ad sepelienda corpora mortuorum, quia cymiteria illa capere non valebant.
and in the following there was the greatest plague and mortality in all pars of the world so that everywhere large grave pits were dug to bury the bodies of the dead, for which the capacity of the graveyards was not large enough.
Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aulae Regiae, ed. Dobner 1784, p. 348f.
In many lands of the world, including Bohemia, there were a number of natural disasters and pestilences among humans and animals.
Iste annus Domini M.CCC.sextus decimus tot in se pestilentias & miserias continet, quod eas audire auris refugit, mens stupescit; [...] Retulit nobis Dominus Petrus Maguntinus Archiepiscopus, quod infra dimidii anni tempus in civitate solum Meczensi quinquis centum millia hominum mortua sunt, nihilominus equos, oves & boves, & universa pecora campi necuit pestilenitia huius anni, oves enim plures quam mille, [...] in grangiis [Aulam regiam] perierunt.
This year of the Lord 1316 includes so many pestileces and miseries that the ear takes flight from the hearing of it, the mind is stupified. [...] Lord Peter, the archibishop of Mainz has reported to us that within half a year in the city of Metz alone five times one hundredthousand humans have died. What is more, the pestilence of this year has killed horses, pigs, sheep and cattle as well as all animals of the fields. More than one thousand sheep [...] have perished at the farms of the monastery [of Aula Regia].
Franciscus Pragensis, Chronica, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler 1884, p. 347-456, p. 383
In many lands of the world, e.g. in Saxony, there were a number of natural disasters. Archbishop Peter of Mainz related that in the city of Metz 500.000 humans have died within one year.
anno Domini MCCCXVI cometa in parte aquilonari apparuit. [...] In partibus Saxonie in tantum fluvius Albea excrevit, quod CD et L villas aque vicinas [...] delevit [...]. Et retulit dominus Petrus Maguntinus archiepiscopus, quod in civitate Metensi infra unum annum quinquies C milia hominum mortua sunt, et diversa animalia et peccora campi intereunt huius anni pestilencia.
In the year of the Lord 1316 a comet appeared in the norhern parts. [...] In Saxony the river Elbe grew so much that CD (?) and 50 villages close to the water were destroyed [...]. And Lord Peter, the archibishop of Mainz has reported in the city of Metz within one year fivehundredthousand humans have died and various animals and fruits of the fields perished in this year's plague.
1316-00-00-Bohemia-3# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Johannis Neplachonis, Chronica, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. III , Praha 1882 , p. 445-484, 477
In 1316 there was a great plague among the humans in France and Flanders, particularly in Metz where 500.000 humans are said to have died.
Anno domini MCCCXVII [...] Johannes XXI in papam eligitur, et pestilencia maxima hominum in Gallia et Flandria subsequitur, ita ut ville remanerent deserte et specialiter Metis in circa a festa sancti Michaelis usque ad pascha quingenta millis hominum dicantur mortui.
In the year of the Lord 1317 (sic!), John XXI (sic!) was elected as pope and the greatest plague among humans followed imediately in France and Flanders where hardly a village remained undeserted. And particularly Metz, where between around the feast of St Michael and Easter (1317) 500.000 humans are said to have died.
High mortality of cattles caused by plague in many kingdoms
[…] eodem anno per plure regna pecora bovina valde communiter ex pestilentia morerentur
[...] the same year (1316), throughout several kingdoms, cattle commonly died from pestilence.
Template:Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 2: p. 285
Great Famine in Northwest-Europe, therefore grain export from southern Italy; epidemic also in Italy
Nel detto anno MCCXVI grande pestilenzia di fame e mortalità avenne nelle parti di Germania, cioè nelle Magna di sopra verso tramontana, e stesesi in Olanda, e in Frisia, e in Silanda, e in Brabante, e in Fiandra, e in Analdo, e infino ne la Borgogna, e in parte di Francia; e fu sì pericolosa, che più che il terzo de la gente morirono, e da l'uno giorno a l'altro quegli che parea sano era morto. E 'l caro fu sì grande di tutte vittuaglie e di vino, che se non fosse che di Cicilia e di Puglia vi si mandò per mare gli mercantati per lo grande guadagno, tutti morieno di fame. Questa pestilenzia avenne per lo verno dinanzi, e poi la primavera e tutta la state fu sì forte piovosa, e 'l paese è basso, che l'acqua soperchiò e guastò ogni semanta. Allora le terre affogarono sì, che più anni appresso quasi non fruttarono, e corruppe l'aria. E dissono certi astrolaghi che la cometa ch'apparve, ch'ella dovea venire perché la sua infruenzia fu sopra quegli paesi. E in quello tempo la detta pestilenzia contenne simigliamente i Romagna e in Casentino infino in Mugello.
In the said year (1316) there was a great plague of famine and death in the parts of Germany, that is, in Magna above towards the north, and it spread to Holland, and to Friesland, and to Silesia, and to Brabant, and to Flanders, and to Analde, and even to Burgundy, and to parts of France; and it was so dangerous that more than a third of the people died, and from one day to the next those who seemed healthy were dead. And the cost was so great of all the victuals and wine, that if it were not for the fact that the merchants of Cicilia and Apulia were sent there by sea for the great profit, all died of hunger. This pestilence happened during the winter before, and then the spring and the whole state was so rainy, and the land was so low, that the water overpowered and spoiled every seed. Then the land drowned so, that more years after it scarcely bore fruit, and corrupted the air. And certain astrologers said that the comet that appeared, that it had to come because its infuence was over those countries. And at that time the said pestilence similarly contained the Romagna and Casentino until Mugello.
1316-00-00-Northwest-Europe# QUERYfce758835ccb9e1ff1abc79f35753664
1316-00-00-Northwest-Europe# QUERY2fc69cd3fc0bc960440a7e7b17b070a4
Great famine and dearth in the Abbey of Parc, Brabant cause mortality and epidemic outbreaks in 1316-1317
1316. visa est stella comata. Quam subsecuta est pestilentia universa, fames prevalida, mors quam plurimos prosternens. Emebatur hoc anno et sequenti modius siliginis 24 libris et modius salis totidem; set post decrescendo in quinto anno pro 20 solidis; omnis populus infectus; quidam de vita desperantes languebant, fere plus quam tertia pars moriebatur, nullus quasi mortem amici sui curebat, quia quod debuit ... ita ut omnes fructus corrumperentur. Quantum mors et fames illius duobus annis regnabant et quantos populos destruebant ubique terrarum, sed plus in inferioribus terris, nullus dicere posset.
In the year 1316, a comet was seen. Following this, a universal pestilence occurred, accompanied by widespread famine, causing the death of a great many. In that year and the following, a bushel of wheat was bought for 24 pounds, and a bushel of salt for the same amount; however, after diminishing in the fifth year to 20 shillings. The entire population was affected; some, in despair of life, languished, and nearly more than a third perished. Almost no one cared for the death of their friends because of what was owed... so that all produce would spoil. The extent to which death and famine reigned in those two years and the numerous populations they destroyed everywhere, but more so in the lower lands, could not be expressed.
Template:Annales Caesenatenses 2003, p. 108
Many deaths caused by epidemic, which rages mainly in Romagna
De mortalitate universa Anno Domini .M.°.CCCXVIIII.°, et duobus preteritis annis, mirandum quidem acidit, atque stupendum: mortalitas videlicet tam immensa per totum fere mundum, sed in provincia Romandiole acerbior: quod multi, terra gentibus pauperata, caruerunt ecclesiastica sepultura
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 738
In 1316 was a shortage, a price increase and a mortality which filled the hospital.
Der grosse Spittel zu Strosburg der stunt zum ersten in Kremergasse bi sant Erhardes cappelle, also es noch heisset "zum alten Spittel". do men nu zalte noch gotz gebürte 1316 jor, do galt ein viertel kornes zu Strosburg 30 sol. und in dem lande 2 lib. d. die türunge werte ein gantz jor. von der dürunge und gebresten kam ein grosser sterbotte, das der spittel und [die] gruben bi sant Erhartz cappellen wurdent alle vol mit doten gefüllet, und hette men zu enge, me gruben zu machen. Dovon wart der spittel uffewendig der stat gemaht, nebent unser frowen brueder closter.
The large hospital in Strasbourg initially stood on Kremergasse near St. Erhard's Chapel, when it was named "to the old Hospital." In the year 1316, a quarter of grain in Strasbourg cost 30 sol., and in the countryside, 2 lib. d. The price increase lasted an entire year. After the price increase and shortage a significant mortality ensued, filling the hospital and the graves near St. Erhard’s Chapel with the dead, to the point where there was not enough space, than it was closed. Because of this, the hospital was moved out of the city, next to the Our Lady's Brothers’ Monastery.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 868.
In Strasbourg was a price increase and a shortage, that led to a mortality.
Do men zalte 1316 jor, do galt ein viertel rocken zu Strosburg 30 sol. und in dem lande lib. d. diese türunge verzoch sich untz in das ander jor. und von der türunge und bresten kam ein grosser sterbotte, das der spittel wart us der stat gesetzet, also vor bi den sterbotten geschriben stet.
In the year 1316, a quarter of rye costed 30 shillings in Strasbourg an in the countryside one pound denar. This price increase continued until the next year. Due to the price increase and shortage arose a great dying. The hospital was moved out the city, like it was written for the dyings.
Template:Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466, p. 821.
Great famine and animal plague in Würzburg.
magna fames erat et pestilentia grandis boum et pecorum.
There was a great famine and a great mortality of cattle and pigs .
Great famine all across the North of the Empire, but also in Lübeck and Holstein, with dearth and mortality because of famine and epidemic
In nulla autem praedictarum partium erat locus, in quo tempus esset tollerabilius, quam in civitate Lubicensi, in qua modius siliginis solvebat sex solidos et citra, modius ordei 3 solidos, avenae duos solidos. Et non solum isto anno, sed annis pluribus ante solvebat annona in partibus Slaviae et Holtzatiae et partibus aliss vicinis circa pretium praenotatum. Propter hanc karistiam, quae ante et post duravit fere 15 annis, et propter hominum seditiones et pestilentias eo tempore perierunt et depauperati sunt multi divites et potentes.
However, in none of the aforementioned regions was there a place where the cost of living was more bearable than in the city of Lübeck, where a bushel of wheat was selling for six shillings, and a bushel of barley for three shillings, and oats for two shillings. And not only in this year but in several preceding years, there was a stable grain supply in the parts of Slavia and Holstein, as well as in other neighboring regions, at the mentioned prices. Due to this abundance, which persisted for almost 15 years, and because of human revolts and epidemics during that time, many wealthy and powerful individuals perished and were impoverished.
Anno Domini Millesimo CCCXIX. & duobus praeteritis Annis mirandum quidem accidit atque stupendum, Mortalitas videlicet tam immensa per totum fere Mundum; sed in Provincia Romandiolae acerbior, quod multi Terrae gentibus pauperatae caruerunt Ecclesiasticam sepulturam.
Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 247f.
Although there was a peace treaty reached between King John of Bohemia and his rebelling nobles, the length of the preceeding conflict lead to great hunger and a plague.
De concordia inter Johannem, regem Bohemie, et suos nobiles facta et de fame maxima et pestilencia inaudita. [...] nam tali durante discordia nimia famis prevaluit miseria, ita quod infra unius anni spacium, ut experimento didici, in porta Scedelicensi triginta milia hominum sunt sepulta. Consimilis quoque pestilencia in omnibus civitatibus, oppidis et villis exstitit et in universa terra. In omnibus locis fovee fodiebantur, que mortuorum cadaveribus replebantur.
About the peace between John, the king of Bohemia, and his nobles and about the great hunger and unheard-of plague. [...] Because this condemnable conflict endured, there was such a great famine that within one year 30.000 humans were buried at the Sedletz gate as I have learned from my own experience. And similarly, there was a plague in all cities, towns and villages and in all lands. At all places pits were dug which were filled up with the deceased.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 474
Because of the sins of the inhabitants of Bohemia, a plague came to the kingdom killing many thousand people.
Sed et indignacio et ira Dei descendit super Boemos propter peccata populi, ut creditur, et facta est pestilencia et mortalitas hominum pregravida, et mortua sunt multa milia hominum, facteque sunt fovce magne et profunde ad capienda corpora hominum moriencium pre nimia fame, et eciam pestilencia percussi. [...] Cum ergo multa mala longo iam tempore invaluissent et homines thabefacti de omni consolacione desperarent, quia omnes modi concordie fuerunt refutati, et fames ac pestilencia eos absque misericordia affligerent incessanter, clamaverunt ad Dominum omnes unanimiter, magni et parvi, clerici et layci, ut tantis malis finem imponere dignaretur.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 89.
Toe же зимы [6826] бысть моръ въ Tвepи нa люди.
This winter [6826] 1318 (and 1319?)[1] there was a plague in Tver among the people.
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio, p. 35r
Al tempo della mortalità morì Folco Lombardi da Lucca e sepolto in S.
At the time of his mortality, Folco Lombardi of Lucca died and was buried in S.
Var mikið hallæri um veturinn og veður ofsahörð og lágu við hafísar.
There was a great famine during the winter and the weather was very harsh, and there was sea ice.
T.M. Гимoн, Летописные записи на Пacxaльныx таблицax cбopникa XIV в., in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocквa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, pp. 579, 587.
Plague in Novgorod the Great and in Tver
Anonymous, Annalen des Klosters Colbatz, in: Pommersches Urkundenbuch 1, 2, ed. Prümers (1877), pp. 467-492, p.486f.
In 1320 there was a great inflation followed by famine and plague in almost all lands (particularlay in Flanders and Bohemia) which caused 15.000 deaths only between Christmas 1320 and Pentecost 1321.
MCCCXX Hic cessauit caristia magna et strages, qua precedentibus tribus annis homines multi in valescente fame et pestilencia magna quasi in vniuersa terra mortui sunt et precipue in Flandria, in Boemia, in monte Kettero a festo natiuitatis Christi usque pentecostes XV milia wlgi solummodo mortui sunt exceptis dinitibus et mediocribus, quorum multi fame et pestilencia perierunt.
Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 530
Epidemic among people and horses in Rus.
Того же лѣта [6829] моръ [б]ы(с)[ть] на люди и на кони.
That year [1321] the epidemic was on people and on horses.
Great cattle mortality in Parma, surrounding areas and all of Lombardy.
Gran mortalità di bovi e bestie bovine ne l'episcopato di Parma masime al piano e per tutta Lombardia.
Great mortality of bovines and cattle in the episcopate of Parma maxime on the plain and throughout Lombardy.
Mortality in a monastery near Liège in Limbourg
Sub hac et aliarum perturbationum ingruentia conventus totus exivit de claustro relinquens opidum, et venit ad nostram mansionem apud Dungh, iuxta abbatem Adam ibidem moram facientem. Ubi cum continue moraretur per menses ferme 14, plures ex nostris dominis et confratribus propter aeris inconvenientiam egrotabant. Inter quos prior Geimarus vir laudabilis ibidem obiit.
Because of this and other disturbances the whole convent left the city and went to our mansion neard Dungh, where also Abbot Adam stayed. And as they stayed there for almost 14 months, some of our lords and brothers fell sick because of the inconvenient air. Amongst them was prior Geimarus, a most laudable man, who died there.
Mortality in Paris and all of France
En cest an [1323], en la saison d’esté, par le royaulme de France et especiaulment à Paris, fut si grant multitude de gens maladez, et tant en moururent, que chacun en estoit esbahy
In this year, in summertime, there was in the kingdom of France and especially in Paris a great many of ill people, and many of them died. Everybody was astonished about this.
Crónica di Raimonodo Muntaner 1844, p. 609
The city of Villa di Chiesa (today Iglesias) on Sardinia is under siege by the crown Prince Alfonso of Aragon. His army and he himself suffer from severe fevers.
ma da un altro lato messer lo infante e tutta la sua oste furono colti da tante malattie ch’e’vi perdettero una gran parte dei combattenti, e l’infante stesso se ne trovò malissimo, e fu in gran pericolo di morire, se non fossero state le sollecitudini di madonna l’infanta; per la qual cosa debbe dirsi debitore a Dio e a lei della ricuperata salute. Ma intanto nè medico, nè altro uomo potette persuadere a messer lo infante, quantunque malato, di staccarsi dall‘ assedio; all‘ incontro più volte colla febbre addosso vestiva gli arnesi di guerra e menava i suoi alla pugna.
But on the other side, the Lord crown prince and all his troops were attacked by lots of diseases that made them lose a great part of their fighters. And the crown prince himself felt very bad and was in danger of dying, if the crown princes had not been so insisting with him. That's why he was indebted to God and her that he regained his health. But neither a doctor nor another man could persuade the crown princes, still ill, to stay away from the siege; in full armour, but still suffering from fevers, he lead his men to attack
Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 2, pp. 406-407.
Fever and headaches of most people in Florence and all over Italy, low mortality.
Nel detto anno MCCCXXIII, a l’uscità d’agosto e a l’entrar di settembre, fu uno vento a favognano, per lo quale amalorono di freddo con alquanti dì con febbre e dolore di testa la maggiore parte degli uomini e de le femmine in Firenze: e questa pestilenza fu generale per tutte le città d’Italia, ma poca gente ne morì; ma in Francia ne morirono assai.
In this year 1323, at the end of August and in early September, there was a Western wind. Because of this, most people in Florence, women and men alike, fell ill with a cold and some days of fever and headaches. And this disease was everywhere in Italy, but few people died of it. But in France, many more died.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, pp. 133-134
A fever disease in Florence and all of Italy that causes few mortality, mainly among the elderly, and loss of appetite. It ends in mid-October 1323
Nel detto anno [1323] e del mese d’agosto e di settembre fu una infermità quasi generale di [p. 134] freddo, ed alquanti pigliava loro la febbre, e perdeano l’appetito, ed alquanti ne morieno, cioè vecchi e vecchie, e fu la detta malattia quasi in tutta Italia, e come venne mezzo ottobre restò.
In the aforementioned year [1323] in the month of August and September there was a general disease of cold, and many were hit with fever and lost their appetite. And some died, old men and women. And this disease was all over Italy, and it stopped mid of October.
Al-Maqrīzī, Al-Sulūk 1997, vol. 3, p. 66.
In the wake of a hot, black storm illnesses (amrāḍ) spread in Cairo in summer/autumn 723 AH (1323). For the period of a month, a number of people died. A similar storm had killed people in Damascus before, in Shaʿbān 723 AH (August 5 - September 2, 1323), and had made fruits wither and water run dry; Damascene wheat prices had subsequently gone up. In Cairo, the storm equally hampered grain crop growth, hence grain prices rose since little grain was available.
Pope John XXII. informs the Florentines of the German mercenaries and the disease that made the Papal Army retreat from Milan
Dum enim noster et ecclesie Romane favente Domino felix exercitus civitatem Mediolanensem intra burgos pre foribus, sicut nostis, cum gente vestra, quam devote ac liberaliter transmisitis, duriter obsideret, quia stipendiariorum Theutonicorum quedam proditrix multitudo transfugit ad hostes et superveniente postmodum intemperie aeris estivalis idem exercitus morbescebat.
But when our and the Roman churches successfull army, with god's grace, lay siege on the city of Milan from its suburbs, with our soldiers and your people that you have sent so liberally and loyally, it had to flee facing a multitude of German mercenaries and inclement summer air that made the said army fell ill.
The Papal commander Raimondo di Cardona leads an army to attack Milan, but a ravaging disease forces him and his army to retreat to Monza
Multi ergo diebus dominus Raymondus praedictus cum militum et peditum copiosa comitiva burogs Mediolani occupavit, et inde Mediolanensibus intrinsecis multa damna dedit, et persaepe alii alios invadebant; tandem causante calore, et multitudine gentium causam praebente, aer corrumpitur, et maxima epidemia generatur in burgis, adeo quod intra modicum tempus magis quam tercenti ex soldatis ipsius domini Raymondi sunt peremti, et fere circa DCCC graviter infirmati, quod attente considerans domninus Raymondus praedictus, timens de futuris, tam de morte infirmantium, quam etiam de statu proprio, et de attenuatione etiam exercitus, per hunc modum, more prodentis, viam eligens tutiorem, caute infirmos omnes super currus et vehicula poni fecit, et Modoeciam secure conduci.
Many days the aforementioned Lord Raimondo occupied with many knights and soldiers the suburbs of Milano, and he caused the besieged Milanese a lot of damage, and often they attacked each other. But because of the heat and the masses of people, the air corrupted and a very big epidemic broke out in the suburbs. Within short time more than 300 soldiers of Lord Raimondo had died, and almost 800 had fell ill. After careful reflection, the aforementioned Lord Raimond who feared for the future both the death of the infected as his personal health, but also the lessening of his army, wisely he chose to put the sick on carts and other vehicles and led them securely to Monza
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884, p. 27
Gerward, Bishop of the city of Włocławek in Central Poland, dies in Avignon from a ravaging plague
Quum 1323 redire statuisset, Avinione ex peste moritur ibique sepelitur.
And as he was ordered to return in 1323, he died in Avignon from a pestilence and was buried there.
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884
Fever and cold all over Italy with low mortality; astrological explanation.
Nel detto anno e mese di febbraio fu per tutta Italia una generale corruzione di febbre mossa per freddo, onde i più de le genti ne sentirono, ma pochi ne morirono. Dissono gli astrologhi naturali che di ciò fu cagione l’aversione di Mars e di Saturno.
In the said year (1327) in the month of February there was a general corruption of fever caused by cold all over Italy, and most people felt it, but only few died. The astrologers said that the aversion of Mars and Saturn was the reason for this.
Great mortality of sick people in Paris
Et aprez ce [a lunar eclipse on 25 February 1327], à Paris, une très grande mortalité de malades, povres et riches, ensui
And after this [a lunar eclipse on 25 February 1327], there was a great mortality of sick people, both poor and rich, in Paris.
Epidemic hits the army of Castruccio Castracani during or after the siege of Pisa, a German count and the Bishop of Eichstätt die.
Vocatus per Castrucium dominum Lucanum venit in Tusciam, ubi obsedit civitatem Pysanam, quam tandem obtinuit, et dominum ibidem Castrucio commisit. Ubi pestilencia gravis multos homines interemit, inter quos fuit Gebhardus de Graispach episcopus Eystetensis et comes de Sein nomine Gozibertus.
Summoned by Lord Castruccio of Lucca, he came to Tuscany, where he besieged the city of Pisa, which he eventually captured, and entrusted it to Lord Castruccio. There, a severe pestilence killed many people, among whom were Gebhard III. of Graisbach, Bishop of Eichstätt, and Gottfried II, Count of Sayn.
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 2, p. 288, lib. 2, cap. 20.
After lunar eclipse heavy storm for one month; high mortality and cattle plague in April, after that processions in Prague
Eodem anno in plenilunio mensis Marcii luna eclipsatur, ventus validissimus per hebdomadas quatuor continuatus hanc eclipsim subsequitur; multitudo hominum mense Aprili moritur, et in pluribus mundi partibus pestilencia pecorum oritur valde gravis. Porro Elizabeth, Bohemie regina, metu tante plage perterrita processiones cum reliquiis sanctorum universo clero Pragensi indicit et populo; quibus factis notabiliter cessavit quassacio et placatus factus est Dominus populo suo. Hac nece cessante gaudet populus velut ante.
Franciscus Pragensis, Chronica, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler 1884, p. 347-456, p. 401
After an eclipse of the moon for four weeks, many humans died and in many parts of the world, there was a plague among the domestic animals.
Eodem anno in plenilunio mensis Marcii luna eclipsatur, ventus validissimus per ebdomadas IIIIor continuatus subsequitur. Post hanc eclipsim mense Aprili moritur hominum multitudo et in pluribus mundi partibus pestilencia pecorum oritur valde gravis. Porro Elizabeth regina metu tante plage perterrita processiones cum reliquiis sanctorum universo clero et populo Pragensi indicit.
In this year at the full moon of the month of March the moon darkend and the eclipse remained in force for four weeks. After this eclipse in the month of April many humans died and in many parts of the world a plague among the domestic animals showed itself and raged heavily. Then, queen Elizabeth, shaken by the fear of punishment, ordered processions with the relics of the saints and all the clerics and the inhabitants of Prague to be performed.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 481
After an eclipse of the moon a long lasting plague among humans and domestic animals raged in many regions.
Eodem anno in plenilunio mensis Marcii luna eclipsatur, quam eclipsim secuntur venti validissimi et pestilencia pecorum atque hominum in diversis partibus.
In this year the full moon of the month of March darkened, this eclipse was followed by a long lasting plague of animals and humans in different regions.
Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 288
In the month of April 1328 many humans died and there was a plague among domestic animals in many lands.
Multitudo hominum mense Aprili moritur, et in pluribus mundi partibus pestilencia pecorum oritur valde gravis.
Many people died in the month of April, and in many parts of the world raged a heavy plague among animals.
Rocznik Malopolsk, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, p. 189
This year was in Saxony a year of the plague.
In eodem anno obiit Wlatislaus filius Wlatislay et apud Minores tumulatus. Set pater transivit in Saxoniam in anno pestilencie.
In this year died Władysław, son of Władysław I Łokietek and he was buried among the brothers Minor. But his father went to Saxony in a year of pestilence.
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 154
Great Famine in Iceland in 1331
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 206.
Mortality of cattle and bad harvest in Iceland in 1331.
Felli vetr inn micli. Váran a korn i a Islandi.
A very hard winter (1331) when the cattle died. Bad harvest in grain in Iceland.
''Annálabrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 219
Mortality of sheep in Iceland in 1331
''Annálabrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 348
''Lárentíus saga biskups'', A. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, pp. 432, 435
Famine in Iceland in the winter of 1331
Vetur þenna var mjög hörð veðrátta og varð heylitið á búum staðarins en margt kvikfé. [...] Veðráttan tók að harðna og hélt svo sömu harðindum fram. Kom svo að sauðfénaður staðarins datt niður unnvörpum í megurð.
This winter was very harsh and the local farms lost a lot of livestock. [...] The weather began to harden and then continued the same hardiness. It came to pass that the sheep of the place were reduced to nothing through starvation.
''Lárentíus saga biskups''. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: ''Árna saga biskups''. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, pp. 432-33
Mortality of sheep in Iceland due the harsh winter of 1331 that lasted until Lent
Vetur þessi varð mjög harður. ... Hélzt hörð veðrátta allt til vors og í langaföstu datt niður fénaður staðarins unnvörpum af megurð og sulti.
This winter was very hard. ... Harsh weather lasted until spring, and during Lent the local livestock died from starvation and hunger.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 344.
The horses of Prince Fyodor of Kiev were dying.
[6839][1]а князь [Федоръ Киевьскыи] въсприимъ срамъ и отъиха, нь от бога казни не убѣжа: помроша конѣ у его.
[6839] and the Knyaz [Fyodor from Kyev] was disgraced and rode away, though he did not escape punishment from God: his horses all died.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 170
Sickness among the horses of Prince Fyodor of Kiev.
[6839] и князь [Феpдоръ Кыевъскыи] идe пpoчь, нo от бога казни не убѣжа: помроша бo кони у него.
[6839] and the prince [Fyodor of Kiev] went away, but he did not escape punishment from God, because his horses died.
1331-00-00-South Rusia MLSKXVv# QUERYe70f204f503b6b4cbd31cbe1e3d5c176
''Annálarbrót frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 220
Great plague in Iceland in 1332
''Annálarbrót frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania
Heavy thunderstorm causes lightning damage in Parma; citizens are hit; fields and vineyards also devastated
Die 4 giugno giobia circa vespero, arduo tempo, venti grandi e contrarij con troni e lampegij, piogia e tempesta insieme in Parma, e la saetta celeste percosi ne la tore comune dove già ancora percosi, e dirupe una parte ex merlis dicte turis et in volta fenestre, et funem seu catenellam eneam, que erat ad tintinella, usque ad fenestras domus potestatis; et plures homines qui erant in platea ivi justa portam domus potestatis ceciderunt in terram tacti timore sagitte, et quasi mortui fuerunt portati ad domos suas, et steterunt ita exteriti tota ipse die; et tempestas valde grande damnum fecit in civitate et circa forte per unum miliarium in blavas et vineas.
Great mortality in the south of France, in Languedoc and Aquitaine
En cest an vraiement, fut grant planté de blefz et de vins, et très grande mortalité de gens tant en Languedoc, en Thoulouse, en Caours, en Avignon, en Gascoigne, et comme en France et ailleurs. Et commencha ceste mortalité environ la Penthecouste, et dura environ la saint Andrieu ensuivant.
This year has been very fruitful in cereals and wines. But a great mortality occured in Languedoc, near Toulouse, Cahors, Avignon and in Gascogne; likewise in France and elsewhere. This mortality began around Pentecost sunday (15 May) and lasted until André Day (30 November).
1334-Summer-00-Languedoc-Aquitaine# QUERY1c1952734460c1a42dfffe2ade98ffbf
1334-Summer-00-Languedoc-Aquitaine# QUERY0e234667b1b595f8a2b5116879c71510
1334-Summer-00-Languedoc-Aquitaine# QUERY03a58abb5f892038740925f951be81cb
1334-Summer-00-Languedoc-Aquitaine# QUERY2dea07d351e9b0e710223a5caf4ba134
Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 321.
In France, Burgundy, and the Champagne raged a plague during the three months of summer. In Paris (where the author stayed) died 16.000 people in one hospital.
Eodem anno mense Mai gelu intolerabile vineas omnes in partibus Almanie. Tantum destruxit, quod post vindemia luxit. In Burgundia vero et in Francia et Campania, ubi tempore vindemie pertransivi, non tantum dampnum factum fuisse conspeci. Aliam autem plagam Deus hoc anno eisdem terris intulit, quia mortalitatis pestilencia plurimos homines tunc percussit. Parysius namque infra tres menses estivales in hospitali regis, quod ante monasterium beate virginis in kathedrali ecclesia situm est, quod dolenter refero, sedecim milia hominum sunt mortua et in cimiterio innocentum sepulta, me etenim in ipso hospitali existente et compassivo animo contuente. Tot sunt in brevi mortui, quod vix erant tot, qui hos tollerent et ad tumulum deportarent.
In the same year in the month of May an unbearable frost destroyed all the vinyards in the German lands so that the grape harvest was in grief. But in Burgundy and in France and the Champagne, through where I passed during grape harvest, I did not see such damage. But God put in this year another load on these lands since a deadly plague killed many people then. For in Paris died during the three months of summer in the royal hospital, which is situated in front of the monastery of the Holy Virgin at the cathedral church, as I report with regrets, 16.000 people, and they were buried at the graveyard of the innocent. In fact, I stayed in this hospital and watched with a compassionate heart. So many died in a short period of time that there were hardly as many who could pick them up and bring them to their graves.
Annales Matseenses, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 823-837, 828f.
Emperor Louis IV enters in his fight against King John of Bohemia and Duke Henry of Bavaria the latters land. In the wake of their troops follow violence and diseases.
Ludwicus imperator [...] contra Iohannem Bohemorum regem et Heinricum ducem Bawarie [...] intravit Bawarie. In ascensu eandem terram atrocibus incendiis et rapinis conturbavit. Pestilentia hominum facta est magna.
Emperor Louis enters Bavaria [in his fight] against King John of Bohemia and Duke Henry of Bavaria. In their ascension into this land terrible fires and raids shook [this land]. A great plague among humans was made.
Template:Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899, p. 482
A mortality in the small Thuringian city of Kranichfeld, but unclear if disease-induced
Noch gotis geburte tusent jar driehundirt jar in deme sechs unde drißigistime jare da vil daz volk von Cranchfelt, der was nun unde achzig, die storbin da tot.
In the year of our Lord 1336, the people of Kranichfeld, less than 80, died.
Template:Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899
1336-00-00-Kranichfeld# QUERY1b85f54df4bbbd651bcbfbd1acaa037c
Ludolf of Sagan, Catalogus abbtum Saganensium, in: Script. rer. Siles., vol 10, ed. Markgraf (1877), p. 173-528, 167.
Around the year 1338 there were a great number of locusts, which were followed by a pestilence and starvation.
Item, circa annum domini MCCCXXXVIII venerunt locuste maxime multitudinis [...]. Subsequentibus vero nostris temporibus aliquando pestilencia, aliquando fames fuerut.
Around the year of the Lord 1338 there arrived locusts of the greatest numbers [...]. they were followed in our times sometimes by a pestilence, sometimes by starvation.
Severe famine and strange plague for humans and animals with many deaths
Tempore autem Ludovici de Bavaria et Benedicti papa XII, anno Domini MCCCXXXXVIII [recte: 1339] fames vel rabies per universum orbis circulum subito supervenit, et nullus locus vel patria fuit exempta quod talis rabiem famis non gustaret, taliter quod omnes secte pro rabie famis, ut possent vivere, suos antiquos ordines corruperunt. Sic etiam in multis locis, pro bladi superflua caritudine, data est licentia Christianis quod in quadragesima illius pessimi anni, quod libere carnibus uterentur. Nam in omni loco terrarum mensura frumenti, que XX vel XXX solidos valere solebat, in librarum numero supervenit, et tanta famis rabies supervenit in omni loco terrarum, quod multas radices ignotas causa rabiei pro commestione fodiebant, quas olym porci et animalia evitabant. Et hoc vidi et propter hoc testimonium perhibeo veritati. Canes quoque et equi, pro fame, et multa animalia perierunt, quoniam sui patrones pro se ipsis non habebant. Multi enim fame pro verecundia moriuntur, nam ante comedebant herbas et radices pro paupertate, quam ad sui vicini misericordiam pervenire; unde, pro cibo inconsueto, annichilatis eorum viribus, velud pecudes moriuntur. Quam famis rabiem Dei iustam sententiam possumus appellare. Tunc enim corda dumtaxat aliquorum non ad pietatem Christi sed pro avaritia magis in crudelitate manebant, parum curando de Dei amore ac pro sui caritate
A plague before easter in the area of Klettgau
Hoc eciam tempore in quadragesima in Kleggow pestilencia hominum grandis et satis prevalida orta est, ita quod citra Tuͥengen et Keiserstůl et Klingnow certatim morerentur et multi periculose infirmarentur.
Epidemic with 20'000 deaths in Florence, shortage
Ipso anno fuit penuria, & morbus magnus; nam Florentiae mortui sunt viginti milia hominum..
Template:Johannes von Winterthur, p. 173.
Plague with high mortality in Klettgau, Tiengen, Kaiserstuhl and Klingnau in period of fasting
At this time also, during Lent, a great and quite prevalent pestilence of humans arose in Klettgau, so that without exception around Tiengen, Kaiserstuhl, and Klingnau, people were dying in droves and many were dangerously falling ill.
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917, p. 119.
Mortality in Tuscany, particularly in Florence with more than 3.000 deaths a day. Also disease of the sheeps.
Tunc dicto anno fuit magna mortalitas pecudum et eciam hominum et in partibus Tusciae et Florentiae passi sunt diem extremum ultra tria milia personarum.
Then, in that year, there was a great mortality of livestock and also of humans, and in the regions of Tuscany and Florence, more than three thousand people passed away.
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917
Template:Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 3, pp. 226–227
Beginning of a severe epidemic that lasts into the winter and claims 15,000 lives (1/6 of the city), fewer deaths in the surrounding area, grain imported from there; Processions in Florence
Che incontanente cominciò grande mortalità, che quale si ponea malato, quasi nullo ne scampava; e morinne più che il sesto di cittadini pure de' migliori e più cari, maschi e femmine, che non rimase famiglia ch'alcuno non ne morisse, e dove due o ttre e più; e durò quella pestilenzia infino al verno vegnente. E più di XVm corpi tra maschi e femmine e fanciulli se ne sepellirono pure nella città, onde la città era tutta piena di pianto e di dolore, e non si intendea apena ad altro, ch'a sopellire morti. E però si fece ordine che come il morto fosse recato alla chiesa la gente si partisse; che prima stavan tanto che si facea l'asequio, e a tali la predicta con solenni uffici a' maggiorenti; e ordinossi che non andasse banditore per morti. In contado non fu sì grande la mortalita, ma pure ne morirono assai. Con essa pistolenza seguì la fame e il caro, agiunta a quello dell' anno passato; che con tutto lo scemo di morti valse lo staio del grano più di soldi XXX, e più sarebbe assai valuto, se non che 'l Comune ne fece provedenza di farne venire di pelago [...] [p. 227] Per questa mortalità, a dì XVIII di giugno, per consiglio del vescovo e di religiosi si fece in Firenze generale processione, ove furono quasi tutti i cittadini sani maschi e femmine col corpo di Cristo ch'è a Santo Ambruogio, e con esso s'andò per tutta la terra infino a ora di nona, con più di CL torchi accesi
Suddenly there began a great mortality, so that almost no one who fell ill could escape it; and more than a sixth of the best and dearest citizens, male and female, died, so that there was no family that did not die, and where two or three or more; and the pestilence lasted until the coming winter. And more than fifteen male and female bodies and children were buried in the city, so that the city was filled with weeping and sorrow, and there was nothing else to do but mourn the dead. And so it was ordered that when the dead were brought to the church, the people should leave; they had been so long before the funeral was made, and then they were preached with solemn offices to the mayors; and it was ordered that no bannermen should go out for the dead. In the countryside the death toll was not so great, but there were many who died. The famine and dearth followed, added to that of the previous year, so that with all the death toll, the staio of grain was worth more than 30 money, and it would have been worth much more, if the Commune had not taken steps to bring in more money [...] [p... 227] Because of this mortality, on the eighteenth day of June, on the advice of the bishop and the religious, a general procession was held in Florence, where almost all the healthy male and female citizens were present with the body of Christ, which is in Santo Ambruogio, and with it it went throughout the whole city until the ninth hour, with more than 150 torchi lit
Epidemic in Florence and Romagna
Eodem millesimo de mense junii et julii. Maxima pestis mortalitas fuit in civitate Florentie districtu, qua mortui sunt circa XVIm homines et mulieres; et similis casus accidit in Romandiola
''Annales regii''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 155
Bad harvest caused by volcanic ash from an eruption of Hekla in 1341
Kom upp elldr i Heklufelli med oari oc osku falli oc eyddwz margar bygdir. Myrkr svo mikit um daga, sem um nætr a vetr.
There was a fire in Mount Hekla with a bad harvest and ash fall and many towns were laid waste. Such a great darkness during the day as during the nights in winter.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 273
Great mortality among sheep and cattle in southern Iceland in 1341
Snio vetr sva micill fyrir sunnan land at engi vissi dæmi til annars þviliks. lagði a fyrir vetr ok helltz til sumars ok fylgði fiar fellir micill allz háttar. Elldz vpp quama inn setta í Heklu felli einni nótt eptir festum Dunstani. með sva miklu myrkri af ósku fallinu at í sumum stóðum fra dagmalum til nóns sa ekki skrím vti helldr enn menn væri blindir. ok var þo mikit myrkr allan daginn ok marga aðra siðan tok askan i aukla undir Eyia fióllum. ok fylgði naut fellir micill. annarr elldr var vppi í Hnappar vallar iókli. hinn priði i Herði breið yfir Fliotzdals heraði ok voru allir jafnsnemma vppi.
A winter with such a great snowfall in the south of the country that no one knew of anything alike. [The snow] laid before the winter and stayed until the summer, and was followed by a great mortality of all kinds among sheep. The last volcanic eruption of Mount Hekla one night after the feast of St Dunstan (= 19 May) [happened] with so much darkness from the fall of ash that in some places it was impossible to see anything outside from daytime to the ninth hour, and people were blind. And it was very dark all day and many others were covered by the ash under Eyjafjöll and there followed a great loss of cattle. Another fire was up in Hnapparvallarjökull, the third in Herðubreið above the region of Fljótsdal and they were all up at the same time.
1341-00-00-Iceland 002# QUERYfd04fdacedbf2f3b323242dd7ecc1e66
''Annálabrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 222
Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great famine and mortality among sheep and cattle. 800 oxen died in the diocese of Skálholt between May and June.
Ellz upp kuama i Heklu felli med myklu sanndfalli ok sua storum brestum at biorgum laust saman i elldinum at naliga heyrdi um allt land sua uar ok dimt medan sanndfallid stod mest yfir. at eigi uar bok liost i kirkium þeim er næst stodu uppkuamu ellzins. hallæri mikid. mikill fiarfellir bædi sauda ok nauta sua at midil fardaga ok Peturs messo fiell at eins fyrir Skalhollti lxxx nauta.
A fire broke out in Mount Hekla with a great fall of sand and such large cracks in the rocks that the fire could be heard all over the country. It was also mostly dark while the sand fell, so there was no light in the churches that were closest to the outbreak of the fire. Great famine. A great mortality of both sheep and cattle, so that between the 'moving days' (=21−27 May) and St. Peter's Mass (29 June), a total of 80 oxen died in Skálholt.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 273
Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in Rangárvellir in southern Iceland.
Þa kom vpp elldr j Heklufelle med sua miklu sannfalle at fenadr do af vm varit. ok saudfe ok nautfenadr do mest vm Rangar vollu. ok eydde naligha .v. reppa. ok vidara. annarstadar do naut manna af sandinum.
Then there was a fire in Mount Hekla with so much sand falling that livestock died in the spring, and sheep and cattle died mostly around Rangárvellir and nearly destroyed five districts. In other places, cattle died from the sand.
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, pp. 351-52
Volcanic eruption of Hekla on 19 May 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in southern Iceland
ellds vpp kuoma jn vj j Reklu felli med suo storum dynkium at landit skalf allt suo at j fiarlægum stodvm og hierudum hristis skiar æ husvm sem fyrir vindi hvossvm vm langa tima og var þa kyrt vedur. myrkr var svo micit af oskv falli j nalægum hiervdvm at lios brann j hvsvm vm daga. þetta var fyrir Vrbanus messo vj nottvm. af þessv osku falli do micill hluti naut fiar fyrir svnnan land svo at marger menn vrdu snavder at kuikfie og gengu yr husvm fra eignvm og jordum [sijnum]. eyddvst marger bæer vm Skalhollts sueit og Rang ar vollu og nockrer austar.
Sixth fire in Mount Hekla with such a large rumbling that the whole country trembled so that in distant places and districts the windows of houses shook because of strong winds for a long time and then the weather was calm. There was so much darkness from the ashfall in nearby districts that lights burned in houses for days. This was six nights before Urban Mass (= 19 May). Due to this fall of ash, a large part of the cattle died in the south of the country, so that many people became destitute of livestock and left their houses, their properties and lands. Many towns around in the district of Skálholt and Rangárvellir and a bit further east were laid waste.
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 401
Volcanic eruption of Hekla in spring 1341. Followed by mortality of cattle in south-western Iceland.
elldz vppkuoma i Heklu felli .vj. drottins dagin næsta eptir [skírdagr]. med sua miklum fædæmum ok ausku falli at eyduz margar sueitir þar i nændir ok myrkr sua mikit enn fyrsta dag vti sem þa er suartazst er i husum a hævetri vm nætr. dunur vm allt land sem hiæ væri auskufall vm Borgar fiord ok Skaga sua ad fenadr fell af ok hueruetna þar i milli. menn foru til fiallzins þar sem vpp varpit var ok heyrdiz þeim sem biargi storu væri kastat innan vm fiallit. þeim synduzst fuglar fliuga i elldinum bædi smair ok storir med ymsum lætum. hugdu menn vera sælir. huitasalt sua mikit læ þar vm huerfis opnuna at klyfia mætti hesta af ok brennu steini.
A fire broke out in Mount Hekla on the Lord's Day (= Sunday) after (Maundy Thursday), with so much hostility and ashfall that many nearby villages were laid waste, and it was so dark on the first day outside how it is blackest in houses in the dead of winter at night. Rumbling all over the country and ashfall around Borgarfjörður and Skaga, and everywhere in between, so that livestock died. People went to the mountain where the casting (= eruption) was, and they heard that a large rock had been thrown from within the mountain. They appeared to be birds flying in the fire, both small and large, with various sounds. People thought they were souls. There was so much white salt around the opening that a horse could be split, and sulfur.
Great mortality and famine in Pisa, also the General Captain Fazio Novello della Gherardesca died on the 22th of december
In nel 1341 fu in Pisa mortalità grande di giovani e ricchi e valenti e vi [fu] in prima grande fame; e al colmo d'ogni male a dì 22 di dicembre morì lo conte Fazio del quale menò grande duolo Pisa e tutta Toscana e ciascuno lo pianse come se fusse suo padre o suo unigenito figluolo, e fune bene da dolere chè, al parere d'ognuno, lui ebbe ogni bontà sensa alcuna malvagità.
In 1341, in Pisa, there was a great death toll of young, rich and talented people, and there was great hunger; and at the height of all evil, on the 22nd of December, Count Fazio died, causing great suffering for Pisa and the whole of Tuscany, and everyone mourned him as if he were his own father or his only-born son, and it was a good thing to mourn because, in everyone's opinion, he had all goodness without any evil.
Price increase and famine lead to a great mortality in Pisa, especially among adolescents and the general captain Fazio Novello della Gherardesca died.
Nel milletrecentoquarantuno, essendo stato grande caro di grano l'anno dinansi che ss'era fatto la piassa del Grano e ffue grandissima fame, di che l'anno 1341 ditto si ffue grande mortalità di giovani. Inella quale mortalità, a d*i vindtidue, 22, di dicienbrew moritte lo ditto conte Fasio, nella chui morte ne menòe Pisa grande duolo e quazi tutta Toschana e ciaschuno lo piansse come se fusse stato suo padre o suo figluolo.
In the year 1341, since there had been a great shortage of grain in the year of the wheat harvest, and there was great hunger, there was a great mortality of young men. In this mortality, on the 22nd day of October, the said Count Fasio died, in whose death there was great grief in Pisa and all of Tosca and everyone mourned him as if he had been his father or his son
Iohannes Victoriensis 1340-1343, p. 229.
Hoc anno, tempore Augusti pestifer ventus oram Aquilegensis i portus afflavit de spumis maris Adriatici procellosis, qui in districtus illius complexu plurimos in mortem stravit, plurimos in infirmitatibus diucius colligavit.
In this year, during the time of August, a pestilent wind blew from the turbulent shores of the Adriatic Sea into the harbors of Aquileia, which, with the foaming waves of the stormy sea, brought death to many in that area and afflicted many with lingering illnesses.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 354
Cattle plague in Novgorod the Great
Сего же лѣта [6849][1] хлѣбъ бысть дешевъ, а скотъ рогатыи помре.
Bread was cheap this year [6849], but horned cattle died.
Origin of the Black Death and ravages in Venice
Anno Domini 1345, jnguiaria pestis, incipiens in partibus Tartarorum, et se, peccatis exigentibus, ad universum orbem contagiose extendens, adeo terribiliter desaevivit, quod penitus nulli loco perpercit; et si quando alicubi cessare videretur, transactis duobus, vel tribus annis, ad locum reverberatur eundem.
In the year of our Lord 1345, the pestilence, beginning in the regions of the Tartars, and spreading contagiously throughout the whole world, raged so terribly, driven by the demands of sin, that it spared no place entirely; and if it seemed to subside anywhere, after two or three years, it returned to the same place.
Letopis’ po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 7, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 210.
Epidemic among the people of the East/Asia (Tatars, Armenians etc.).
[6854] Того же лѣта казнь бысть отъ Бога на люди подъ восточною страною на городъ Орначь, и на Хазторокань, и на Сарай, и на Бездежъ и на прочiи грады во странахъ ихъ; бысть моръ силенъ на Бесермены, и на Татары, и на Ормены, и на Обезы, и на Жиды, и на Фрязы, и на Черкасы, и на всѣхъ тамо живущихъ, яко не бѣ кому ихъ погребати; яко же преже казни Богъ Египтяны; тако и сихъказни.
In that year (1346) God sent an torment among the people of the East, On cities: Urgench[1], and on Sarai[2], and on Bezdezh[3], and That year God sent a punishment on the people of the east and on other cities and their lands[4] The epidemic was among Muslims[5], and the Tartars, and the Armenians, and the Georgians, and the Jews, and among the Franks[6], and the Circassians, and among the other people living there. And there was no one to bury them. As God had punished the Egyptians before, so He punished these too.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, pp. 504-505.
This passage describes the spread of the plague beginning in Jerusalem and than moving forward across Europe. The jews were blamed for causing the plague by poisoning the people.
653. Des sulven jares unstund de grote plaghe der mynsheit des (p. 505) ghaen dodes, erst in den Jhersualemeschen landen over mer unde in der heidenscap, de by veftich, sestich, hundert, dusent unde ane tal nedervellen unde waren dot. dat stund nicht sere to claghen, wente se Godes viande sint; mer de sulve grote plaghe quam seder in cristene land. erst wart se vornomen in Pulle, dar na in Ungharen, dar na in Cecilien, in Avignon, dar neghest to Marsilien, dar na in Brancriken, dar na Engheland, dar vele lude storven; dar na in Blanderen, van Blanderen in Norweghen, dar na in Sweden, van Sweden in Denemarken, in Nortjutlande unde uppe Selande, dar na in Prutzen. to Koninghesberch, to Melbinghen was grot sterven. des tech men den ghedosten joden, de sik vor cristene lude helden unde beden dor Got ghuder lude almusen, dat de mit vorghifnisse, de se den luden gheven, dat volk to deme dode brochten. Dat wart van en gheseen unde worden anghetastet unde worden ghebrand; do bekanden se in erme dode, dat it war were, dat se it hadden ghedan, unde dat ir vele were, de in der selven sake in der cristenheit ghinghen, unde segheden, dat de riken joden in den groten steden dat bedacht hedden der cristenheit to vorderfnisse, wente se sint der martere unses heren ghevanghen lude hebben wesen, unde wolden nu koninghe unde heren worden sin over al den cristendom.
653. In the same year (1346), the great plague of humanity, the walking death, began, first in the lands of Jerusalem, across the sea and among the pagans, where fifty, sixty, a hundred, a thousand, and countless people fell and died. This was not much mourned, as they were considered enemies of God. However, this same great plague later came into Christian lands. First, it was observed in Apulia, then in Hungary, then in Sicily, in Avignon, then near Marseille, then in (...?), and then in England, where many people died; next, in Flanders, from Flanders to Norway, then to Sweden, from Sweden to Denmark, in North Jutland and on Zealand, then to Prussia. In Königsberg and Melbingen, there was great mortality. The Jewish converts, who presented themselves as Christian and begged for alms in the name of God, were blamed for bringing the death to the people with giving them poison. They were discovered and persecuted, and many were burned. Under torture, they confessed that it was true—that they had done it, and that many of them across Christendom were involved in this crime. They claimed that the wealthy Jews in large cities had devised this plot to destroy Christianity, as they had long been captives since the martyrdom of our Lord and now wanted to become kings and rulers over all Christendom.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, pp. 506-508.
The passage speaks about the origins of the plague, how it arrived to europe with the galleys, how it killed thousands of people and wiped out complete cities. It describes the wonders which happened simultaneosly and notes that the king of Bellemare oscillates between the religions.
Dese ding de scheghen ok in deme 46. jare over mer, dar de peper unde inghever west. to Dathagio an der stat vlot en water; dat wart vormeghet met utermaten vele wormen unde slanghen; de vreten alle de vrucht up, de in deme lande was. en grot deel, we dat water anrurbe, de vil neder unde was dot. vortmer to Imperio, meddes tusschen Kathagium unde Persiam, reghendet vur also snevlocken; dat vur vorbrande stede, borghe unde land, berghe unde dale, manne unde vrowen, unde stene, ast se drughe holt hedden ghewesen. dat vur ghas groten rok van sik; we den rok sach, de ne levede nicht enen halven dach; we ok den mynschen sach, de den rok gheseen hadde, de ne levede nicht langhe. hir van schaghet, dat van twelf galeyden, de in deme lande weren, de den rok gheseen hedden, twe galeyden quemen in Sreken to Ianueum, unde beghunden altohant to stervende, beide de in den galeyden weren unde de lude uter stat, also dat sy kume de galeyden mit kummer brachten van der stat in dat grote mer, unde dreven do to Constantinopolim unde to Peram. do de lude van Constantinopol unde van Pera ghespreken mit den galeyden, do ghinghen se to hus unde storven, unde we de sulven lude sach, de starf ok an der stunde, unde storven binnen den twen steden in korter stunde wol sesteyn dusent volkes. Dar na seghelden de galeyden van Sreken, unde wor se hen kerden, in allen steden leten se jo de suke des stervendes. to left quemen se to Cecilien unde Messinam; dar brechten se ok dat stervend, also dat dar ummelang storven wol der dusent lude, unde en stat binnen Cecilien, de ghenomet was Cratappaim, starf al wuste. dar na quemen de galeyden van Cecilien to Sardineam, unde brechten dat stervend an den galeyden des heren Archassari, de in de hervart scholden, unde storven also degher uth, dat de teynde mynsche nicht levende bles, also dat dar storven der unde vertich dusent volkes, de men in dat mer warp. Dar (p. 508) na quam ene van den twen galeyden to Marsilien, unde brochte dat stervend dar, also dat de stat wuste starf. vortmer des donnerdaghes vor winachten wart to Avinion, des morghens er de sunne upghing, gheseen en vur van deme ostene in dat westene, unde hing boven de stat to Avinion an der lucht. vortmer an deme weghe, als men ghet van Kathelonia to Arrogonia, vellen der grote stene van deme hemmele, jewelik also grot als en tover. des nehmen de lude ute deme lande enen van den stenen unde brachtene deme koninghe des landes up eneme mule to groteme wundere. Vortmer de koning val Bellemare, Albessessu ghenant, en here over ghantz Barbarien, let enen wech maken dor de wustenye, also men reysen mochte to Ianuam. do he ret mit groteme volke unde wolde den wech beseen, do quam en bode eme na unde seghede: 'here, sint dat du uthtoghest, sint ghestorven binnen twen daghen achtentich diner husvrowen; unde alle de in der stat sin, de sterven'. do de koning dat horde, he vruchte sic sere unde sprak: 'dat is Godes wrake; de will, dat wy to cristenen loven komen'. unde sende na sinen hoghesten unde na sinem raatgheveren, unde seghede en, dat he cristen werden wolde. under des quam en schip unde seghede, dat de cristenen ok storven. do dat de koning horde, do wolde he nicht cristen werden.
Similar things also occurred in the year 1346 overseas, where pepper and ginger are grown. Near Cathay, water flooded the land; it was filled with countless worms and snakes, which devoured all the crops. Many people who touched the water fell down dead. Furthermore, in a place called Imperium, between Cathay and Persia, fire rained down like snowflakes; this fire burned cities, castles, lands, mountains, valleys, men, women, and even stones as if they were dry wood. The fire produced a great smoke; anyone who saw the smoke did not live even half a day, and anyone who saw those people who had seen the smoke did not live long either. It is said that of twelve galleys in the area that encountered the smoke, only two arrived in Genoa, where both the crew on the ships and the people in the city immediately began to die, so much so that they barely managed to drag the ships out to the open sea. The ships drifted towards Constantinople and Pera. When the people of Constantinople and Pera spoke with those on the galleys, they went home and died, and anyone who saw them also died, with sixteen thousand people dying in the two cities within a short time. Later, the galleys left and spread the plague in every city they visited. Eventually, they arrived in Sicily and Messina, bringing death, so that about a thousand people soon died in the area. An entire town in Sicily, called Catania, was wiped out. The galleys then reached Sardinia, where they brought the plague to the fleet of Lord Archassari, and they all died so that barely one in ten survived, with around forty thousand people dead and thrown into the sea. One of the galleys then arrived in Marseille and spread death there, causing the entire town to perish. Moreover, on the Thursday before Christmas in Avignon, before the sun rose, a fire was seen in the sky from east to west, hovering over the city. Furthermore, along the road from Catalonia to Aragon, large stones fell from the sky, each as big as a tower. The people took one of these stones from the land and brought it to the king as a great wonder. In addition, the King of Bellemare, also known as Albessessu, a lord over all Barbaria, ordered a road to be built through the wilderness so that people could travel to Genoa. As he traveled with a large following to inspect the road, a messenger came to him and said: ‘My lord, since you set out, within two days, eighty of your noble ladies have died, and everyone in the city is also dying.’ When the king heard this, he was greatly afraid and said, ‘This is God's wrath; He wants us to praise the Christian faith.’ He summoned his highest advisors and declared that he wanted to become a Christian. However, soon a ship arrived, reporting that Christians were also dying. When the king heard this, he no longer wanted to become a Christian.
Template:Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 1, pp. 5-14.
The mortality in those years was worse and greater than the deaths and disaster that god broughtt with the Flood, described in the Holy Scripture. For the author a conjunction in the year 1346 was not the reason for the plague, but instead the will of god.The passage describes the horrific symptoms and the route of spread through the world, via Africa, Italy, Germany, England and northern and eastern countries. Many people fled to areas, where they hoped to be spared. In addition, Matteo Villani observed that the people were more cruel to each other and didn't help their infected family members. This behavior first came from the barbaric nations, but was also widespread among Christians. With the time the people recognized that people who helped others were more likely spared by the plague. He thinks that the transmissions occur through sight and touch. The doctors were clueless about the reasons and nobody found a remedy. In Florence, the plague lasted from April 1348 to September 1348 and 3 out of 5 people regardless of sex and age died. Only the class had a influence, poor people were more affected. The mortality was everywhere similar in number and kind, like the reports suggested.
Della inaudita mortalità. Truovasi nella Santa Scrittura, che avendo il peccato corotto ogni via della umana carne, Iddio mandò il diluvio sopra la terra: e riservando per la sua misericordia l'umana carne inn-otto anime, di Noè, e di tre suoi figliuoli e delle loro mogli nell'arca, tutta l'altra generazione nel diluvio sommerse. Dappoi per li tempi, multipricando la gente, sono stati alquanti diluvii particulari, mortalità, coruzioni e pistolenze, (p. 6) fame e molti altri mali, che Idio ha permessi venire sopra li uomini per li loro peccati. […] Ma per quello che trovare si possa per le scritture, dal generale diluvio in qua, non fu universale giudicio di mortalità che tanto comprendesse l'universo, come quella che ne' nostri dì avenne. Nella quale mortalità, considerando la moltitudine che allora vivea, in comperazione di coloro (p. 7) ch'erano in vita al tempo del generale diluvio, assai più ne morirono in questa che in quello, secondo la estimazione di molti discreti. Nella quale mortalità avendo renduta l'anima a dDio l'autore della cronica nominata la Cronica di Giovanni Villani cittadino di Firenze […] (p. 8) Quanto durava il tempo della moria in catuno paese. Avendo per cominciamento nel nostro prencipio a racontare lo isterminio della generazione umana, e convenendone divisare il tempo e modo, la qualità, e quantità di quella, stipidisce la mente apressandosi a scriver la sentenzia, che lla divina giustizia co molta misericordia mandò sopra li uomini, degni per la curuzzione del peccato di finale giudicio. Ma pensando l’utolità salutevole che di questa memoria puote adivenire alle nazioni che dopo noi seguiranno, con più sicurtà del nostro animo così cominciamo. Videsi nelli anni di Cristo, dalla sua salutevole incarnazione MCCCXLVI, la congiunzione di tre superiori pianeti nel segno dell’Aquario, della quale congiunzione si disse per li astrolaghi che Saturno fu signore: onde pronosticarono al mondo grandi e gravi novitadi; ma simile congiunzione per li tempi passati molte altre volte stata e mostrata, la infruenza per altri particulari accidenti no parve cagione di questa, ma più tosto (p. 9) divino giudicio secondo la disposizione della assoluto volontà di Dio. Cominciossi nelle Parti d’Oriente, nel detto anno [1346], in verso il Cattai e l'India superiore, e nelle altre province circustanti a quelle marine dell’Occeano, una pestilenzia tra li uomini d’ogni condizione di catuna età e sesso, che cominciavano a sputare sangue, e morivano chi di sùbito, chi in due o in tre dì, e alquanti sostenevano più al morire. E Aveniva, che-cchi era a servire questi malati, appiccandosi quella malatia, o infetti, di quella medesima coruzione incontanente malavano, e morivano per somigliante modo; e a’ più ingrossava l’anguinaia, e a molti sotto le ditella delle braccia a destra e a sinistra, e altri in altre parti del corpo, che quasi generalmente alcuna enfiatura singulare nel corpo infetto si dimostrava. Questa pestilenzia si venne di tempo in tempo e di gente in gente aprendendo: comprese infra 'l termine d'uno anno la terza parte del mondo che si chiama Asia. E nell'ultimo di questo tempo (p. 10) s'agiunse alle nazioni del mare Maggiore, e alle ripdel mare Tirreno, nella Soria e Turchia, e in verso l'Egitto e lla riviera del mare Rosso, e dalla parte settantrionale la Rossia e lla Greccia, l'Erminia e l'altre conseguenti province. E in quello tempo galee d'Italiani si partirono del mare Maggiore, e della Soria e di Romania per fuggire la morte, e recare le loro mercantie inn-Italia: e' non poterono cansare che gran parte di loro no morisse in mare di quello infermità. E arivati in Cicilia conversaro co' paesani, e lasciarvi di loro malati, onde incontanente si comincià quella pistolenza ne’ Ciciliani. E venendo le dette galee a Pisa, e poi a Genova, per la conversazione di quelli uomini cominciò la mortalità ne’ detti luoghi, ma non generale. Poi conseguendo il tempo ordinato da dDio a’ paesi, la Cicilia tutta fu involta in questa mortale pistilenzia; E Il’ Africa nelle marine, e nelle sue province di verso levante e le rive del nostro mare Tirreno. E venendo di tempo in tempo verso il ponente, comprese la Sardigna, la Corsica, e l’altre isole di questo mare; e dall’altra parte, ch’è detta Europia, per simigliante modo agiunse alle parti vicine verso il ponente, volgendosi verso il mezzo giorno (p. 11) con più aspro asalimento che sotto le parti settantrionali. E nell’anni di Cristo MCCCXLVIII ebbe infetta tutta Italia, salva che lla città di Melano, e certi circustanti a l'alpi, che dividono la Italia dall'Alamagna, ove gravò poco. E in questo medesimo anno cominciò a passare le montagne, e stendersi in Provenza, in Savoia, nel Dalfinato, e in Borgogna, per la marina di Marsilia e d'Aguamorta, per la Catalogna, nell'isola di Maiolica, e in Ispagna e in Granata. E nel MCCCXLVIIII ebbe compreso fino nel ponente le rive del mare Occeano, d’Europia e d'Africa e d'Irlanda, e l'isola d’Inghilterra e di Scozia, e l'altre isole di ponente, e tutto infra terra con quasi iguale mortalità, salvo in Brabante ove poco offese. E nell MCCCL premette li Alamanni, li Ungheri, Donnismarche, Gotti, e Vandali, e li altri popoli e nazioni settantrionali. E la successione di questa pistolenzia durava nel paese ove s'aprendea cinque mesi continovi, overo cinque lunari: e questo avemmo per sperienza certa di molti paesi. Avenne, perché parea che questa impestifera infezione s’appiccasse per la veduta e per lo toccamento, che come l’uomo o lla femina e' fanciulli si conoscevano malati di quella enfiatura, molti n’abandonavano, e inumerabile quantità ne morirono che sarebbono campati se fossono stati aiutati (p. 12) delle cose bisognevoli. Tra lli infedeli cominciò questa innumanità crudele, che lle madri e' padri abandonavano i figiuoli, e i figliuoli i padri e lle madri, e l'uno fratello l'altro e li altri congiunti, cosa crudele e maravigliosa, e molto strana dalla umana natura, ditestata tra' fedeli cristiani, ne' quali seguendo le nazioni barbere, questa crudeltà si trovò. Essendo cominciata nella nostra città di Firenze, fu biasimata da’ discreti la sperienza veduta di molti, i quali si providono, e rinchiusono i luoghi solitari e di sana aria, forniti d’ogni buona cosa da vivere, ove non era sospetto di gente infetta; in diverse contrade il divino giudicio (a ccui non si può serrare le porti) li abatté come li altri che no s'erano proveduti. E molti altri, i quali si dispuosono alla morte per servire i loro parenti e amici malati, camparono avendo male, e assai non l’ebbono continovando quello servigio; per la qual cosa ciascuno si ravide, e cominciarono sanza sospetto ad aiutare e a servire l'uno l'altro; onde molti guarirono, ed erano più sicuri a servire li altri. (p. 13) Di detta matera. Di questa pestifera infermità i medici in catuna parte del mondo, per filosofia naturale, o per fisica, o per arte di strologia non ebbono argomento né vera cura. Alquanti per guadagnare andarono visitando e dando loro argomenti, li quali per la loro morte mostrarono l’arte essere fitta e non vera: e assai per coscienza lasciarono a ristituire i danari che di ciò avieno presi indebitamente. Nella nostra città cominciò generale all’entrare del mese d’aprile li anni Domini MCCCXLVIII, e durò fino al cominciamento del mese di settembre del detto anno. E morì tra nella città, contado e distretto di Firenze, d’ogni sesso e di catuna età, de’ cinque i tre e più, compensando il minuto popolo e i mezzani e’ maggiori, perché alquanto fu più menovato perché cominciò prima, ed ebbe meno (p. 14) aiuto e più disagi e difetti. E nel generale per tutto il mondo mancò la generazione umana per simiglante numero e modo, secondo le novelle ch'avemmo di molti paesi strani e di molte province del mondo. Ben furono province nel levante dove vie più ne moriro.
Of the outrageous mortality It is found in Holy Scripture that when sin had corrupted every human way of life, God sent the Flood upon the earth: and by his mercy saved eight souls, namely Noah, his three sons and their wives in the ark, while all the rest of mankind perished in the flood. Since then, in the course of time, as men multiplied, there have been some local floods, mortalities, corruptions and diseases, famines, and many other evils which God has permitted to come upon men because of their sins. [...] But from all that can be found in the Scriptures, there has been no universal judgement of mortality since the general deluge, which has affected the whole world so much as that which has taken place in our day. In this mortality, considering the multitude of people then living, as compared with those who lived at the time of the general deluge, far more people died in this than in that, according to the estimation of many experts. In this mortality, the author of the chronicle called "La Cronica" Giovanni Villani, citizen of Florence, gave his soul back to God. [...] How long the plague lasted in each country As we must begin our narrative by describing the destruction of the human generation, and by setting forth the time, type, quality, and quantity of this pestilence, a horror seizes the mind as it prepares to write the judgement which divine justice brought with much mercy upon men who, through the corruption of sin, had deserved final judgement. But when we think of the salutary benefits that can come from this report for the nations that will come after us, we begin with greater confidence. In the years of Christ, from his salvific incarnation in 1346, the conjunction of three upper planets was seen in the sign of Aquarius. The astrologers said that Saturn was the ruler of this conjunction and prophesied great and grave news to the world; but similar conjunctions had occurred many times in the past, and the influences of other particular events did not seem to be the cause of it, but rather divine judgement according to the absolute will of God. In that year 1346, in the eastern regions, towards Cathay and Upper India and in the neighbouring provinces on the coasts of the ocean, a plague began among the people of all classes, ages and sexes. The diseased began to spit blood and died either immediately, within two or three days and some only after prolonged suffering. It happened that those who cared for the sick were themselves infected, fell ill immediately and died in a similar way. In many, the groin swelled up, in others lymph nodes under the arms and in other parts of the body, and there was almost always a unique swelling on the infected body. This plague spread from time to time and from people to people: Within a year it covered a third of the world called Asia. At the end of this period it reached the peoples of the Black Sea and the coasts of the Tyrrhenian Sea, Syria and Turkey, Egypt and the coast of the Red Sea, the northern part of Russia, Greece, Armenia and other neighbouring provinces. At this time, Italian galleys left the Black Sea, Syria and Romania to escape death and bring their goods to Italy, but many of them died at sea from the disease. When they arrived in Sicily, they infected the locals, causing an immediate outbreak of the plague among the Sicilians. When the aforementioned galleys reached Pisa and then Genoa, mortality began in these places due to contact with these people, but not on a generalised scale. Then, when the time appointed by God for the countries came, the deadly plague seized the whole of Sicily; the coasts of Africa and the eastern provinces and the coasts of our Tyrrhenian Sea. It spread from time to time further westwards, and seized Sardinia, Corsica, and the other islands of that sea; and on the other side, which is called Europe, it reached the western parts in like manner, turning southwards, and attacking more violently than in the north. In the years of Christ 1348, it had infected the whole of Italy, with the exception of the city of Milan and some areas near the Alps that separate Italy from Germany, where it raged very little. In the same year, it began to cross the mountains and spread to Provence, Savoy, Dauphiné and Burgundy, along the coasts of Marseille and Aigues-Mortes, Catalonia, the island of Mallorca, Spain and Granada. In 1349, it finally reached the coasts of the Atlantic in Europe and Africa, as well as Ireland, the islands of England and Scotland and other western islands, and also spread inland with almost the same mortality rate, with the exception of Brabant, which was only slightly affected. In 1350 it reached Germany, Hungary, Denmark, the Goths, Vandals and other northern peoples and nations. The duration of this pestilence in the countries affected was five consecutive months or five lunar months, and this we have learnt as certain knowledge from many countries. It came about because it appeared that this pestilential infection was transmitted by sight and touch, that as the man or woman or children recognised the disease of the swelling, many left it and countless people died who could have been saved if they had been given the necessary remedies. Among the unbelievers this cruel inhumanity began, that mothers and fathers left their children, children left their parents, brothers and sisters left each other - a cruel, strange and very unhuman act, which was widespread even among Christians, following the barbaric nations. When it began in our city of Florence, it was condemned by the wise people, that many people took the precaution of moving to remote places with healthy air, equipped with all the necessities of life, in places where no infected people were suspected. They were struck by the divine judgment, to which no doors can be closed, like others who had not prepared themselves. Many others who had chosen to die in the service of their sick relatives and friends survived despite the illness, and many who continued this service did not fall ill. This led to everyone regaining courage and beginning to help and serve one another without fear, resulting in many recovering and being more confident to help others. About this subject The doctors in all parts of the world had no remedy or true cure for this pestilential disease either by natural philosophy, medicine, or astrology. Some, for gain, visited the sick and gave them advice, but their deaths showed their art to be deceitful and untruthful: many others, for conscience sake, returned the wrongfully obtained money. In our town, the general plague began at the beginning of April 1348 and lasted until the beginning of September of the same year. In the city, neighbourhood and district of Florence, more than three out of five people of each sex and age died, with the poor being more affected than the middle and richer part of the population, as they started earlier and had less help and greater inconveniences and shortcomings. On the whole, the human population in the world was similarly lacking in number and kind, according to the reports we have received from many foreign countries and provinces of the world. However, there were provinces in the East where even more people died.
1346-00-00-Florence# QUERY2dddf63c7d1bf6ee0833fc77fdc78a50
1346-00-00-Florence# QUERY6b76e8b9aca1ae9eefe7dfad6699d431
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 2, pp. 306-308.
Florence was threatened by a famine. The city gathered large supplies of grain from elsewhere, however the problems weren't solved, because many people from the countryside came in the city. In addition to the famine diseases broke out amnong the immigrants and then it distributed also among the urban masses.
Cum ergo fames haud dubie immineret, sollers plane ad hoc civitas, in Africa et Sardinia et Sicilia aliisque locis permultis magna vi frumenti comparata, mari simul terraque importandum curavit. Nec eo tamen modo evitari potuit, quin difficultates permaximae (p. 306) eo anno subirentur. Turba enim ex agro in urbem mendicatura longis agminibus mulierum puerorumque advenerat. Ex finitimis etiam civitatibus quae minus ad hoc providae fuerant multitudo concurrerat, ut infinitus prope numerus hominum esset alendus. Magnumque in his civitatis meritum humanitasque eluxit; non modo enim non reiectus est quisquam advenarum peregrinorumque, sed etiam si tenuis foret, liberalitate gratuita per tantam rei frumentariae inopiam sustentatus, ut prope collatum a civitate beneficium in genus humanum videretur. Multa insuper eo anno tenuioribus indulta, et illud in primis, quod creditorum acerbitas repressa est, lege lata, ne quis nisi certa forma pro aere alieno conveniri posset. Satis enim premi caritate ipsa multitudinem existimavit civitas. Et accedebant ad caritatem morbi, qui multitudinem convenam et urbis insuetam consecuti, urbanam quoque apprehenderant turbam, ut et commiserendum et succurrendum esset.
So, as there was now no doubt about the threat of famine, the city showed its resourcefulness, gathering large supplies of grain in Africa, Sardinia, Sicily and many other places and seeing to their importation simultaneously by land and sea. But these steps were not enough to avoid the enormous difficulties they faced that year. For throngs of women and children from the countryside came (p. 308) into the city in long lines to beg. They were joined by multitudes from the nearby cities which had been less provident in this respect, so that there was almost an infinite number of people to feed. Amid these challenges the city’s great merit and humanity shone forth. For not only was not a single immigrant or foreigner turned away, but even the poor, with gratuitous liberality, were sustained throughout this great dearth of provisions, so that Florence seemed almost to have conferred a benefit on the human race. In this year, moreover, many allowances were made on behalf of the poor, and principally this: that the harshness of creditors was kept in check. A law was passed prohibiting suitors to collect debt except under particular conditions; the city felt that the multitude was oppressed enough already by the famine. And in addition to the famine there were the diseases which broke out among the throng of immigrants unused to the city, then spread among the urban masses, so that mercy and succor were needful.
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII
1346-00-00-Golden Horde and adjacent territories
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 175.
The first attack of the Black Death in the East, in Muslim countries and among the Tatars (Golden Horde), as well as other peoples living in these areas
Toгo жe лѣтa [6854] кaзнь быcть oт бoгa нa люди пoдo вocтoчнyю cтpaнoю, нa гopoд Opнaчь и нa Capaи и нa Xaзьтopoкaнь и нa Бeздeж и нa прочи грады въ cтpaнax ихъ, быcть моръ силенъ на Бecepмeны и нa Taтapoвe и нa Opъмeны и нa Oбeзы и нa Жиды и нa Фpязы и нa Чepкacы и нa вcѣx тaмo живущих, яко не бѣ кому их погребати. Яко же казни богъ египтяны, тако и сих казни.
In the same year (1346) the punishment from God was [sent] on the people of the eastern part, on Old Urgench[1] and Khaztorokan[2], and on Sarai[3], and on Bezdezh[4], and on other cities in their parts. There was a strong plague among the Muslims, and the Tartars, and the Armenians, and the Jews, and the Franks/ Latins, and the Abkhazians/Georgians, and among all those living there, so that there was no one to bury them. For as God punished the Egyptians, so also He punished tchem.
1346-00-00-Golden Horde and adjacent territories Sim
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 95.
The first attack of the Black Death in the East, in Muslim countries and among the Tatars (Golden Horde), as well as other peoples living in these areas.
Toгo жe лѣтa [6854] кaзнь быcть oт Бoгa нa люди пoдъ вocтoчнyю cтpaнoю въ opдѣ и въ Opнaчи, и въ Capaи и въ Бeздeжѣ, и въ прочиxъ градѣxъ и cтpaнaxъ быcть моръ вeликъ на люди, на Бecepмeны и нa Taтapы, и нa Apмeны, и нa Oбeзы, и нa Жиды, и нa Фpязы, и нa Чepкacы, и нa прочaя чeлoвѣкы, тaмo живущaя въ ниxъ. Toль жe силенъ быcть моръ въ ниxъ, яко не бѣ мощно живымъ мepтвыxъ погрѣбати.
In the same year (1346)[1] the punishment from God was [sent] on the people of the eastern part, in the Horde, on Old Urgench[2], and on Sarai[3], and on Bezdezh[4], and and in other towns and districts the plague was great among the people. There was a strong plague among the Muslims, and among the Tartars, and among the Armenians, and among the Abkhazians/Georgians, and among the Jews, and among the Franks/Latins, and among the Circassians, and among other people living there. The plague was so strong that it was impossible for the living to bury the dead.
1346-00-00-Golden Horde and adjacent territories Sim# QUERYd5a967031011c4c2f4d74efd98e76519
1346-00-00-Golden Horde and adjacent territories Sim# QUERY3cd58e5b427cf93980054e0775ccc5df
Report of Gabrielle de Mussis: In the Orient happened an unexplained plague, depopultating many regions. During the siege of Feodosia (Caffa) by the Tartars, their army was afflicted by the disease. The plague, which initially struck the Tartars, spread than also inside the city, because they ordered the plague-stricken corpses to be thrown over the walls of Caffa. The situation deteriorated, and people were expecting the impending judgement Day.
Anno domini MCCCXLVI. in partibus orientis, InfinitaTartarorum et Saracenorum genera, morbo inexplicabili, et morte subita corruerunt. Ipsarumque parcium latissime regiones, Infinite prouincie, regna magnifica, vrbes, Castra, et loca, plena hominurn multitudine copiosa, morbo pressa, et horrende rnortis morsibus, propriis Acollis denudata paruo tempore deffecerunt. Nan (!) locus dictus Thanna, in partibus orientis, uersus Acquilonem Constantinopolitana contrada (I) sub Tartarorum dominio constituta, ubi merchatores ytalici confluebant, cum propter quosdam excessus, superuenientibus Tartaris infinitis, modico temporis Interuollo (!) obsessa, et hostiliter debellata, deserta penitus remaneret. Accidit ut uiolenter christianj merchatores expulsi, Intra menia Terre Caffensis, quam ab olim illa Regione Januenses extruxerant, fugientes christiani sese pro suarum tutione personarum et rerum, Tartarorum formidantes potenciam, Armato Nauigio receptarent. Ha deus. Ecce subito, gentes Tartarorum profane, vndique confluentes, Caffensem urbem circurndantes, incluxos christicolas obsederunt, fere Triennio perdurantes. lbique hostium exercitu Infinito uallati, vix poterant respirare, licet Nauigio Alimenta ferrente illud talle subsidium intrinsecis spem modicam exhyberet. Et ecce Morbo Tartaros inuadente totus exercitus perturbatus longuebat et cottidie Infinita millia sunt extincta videbatur eis, sagittas euolare de celo , tangere et opprimere superbiam Tartarorum. qui statim signati corporibus In iuncturis , humore coagulato in Inguinibus, febre putrida subsequente, expirabant, omni conscilio et auxilio medicorum cessante. Quod Tartari, ex tanta clade et morbo pestifero fatigati, sic defficientes attoniti et vndique stupefacti, sine spe salutis mori conspicientes, cadavera, machinis eorum superposita, Intra Caffensem vrbem precipitari Jubebant, ut ipsorum fectore(!) intollerabili, omnino defficerent. Sic sic proiecta videbantur Cacurnina mortuorum, nec christiani latere, nec fugere, nec a tali precipicio liberari valebant, licet deffunctos, quos poterant marinis traderent fluctibus inmergendos. Moxque toto aere inffecto, et aqua uenenata, corrupta putredine, tantusque fetor Increbuit ut vix ex Millibus vnus, relicto exercitu fingere conaretur qui eciam uenenatus alijs ubique uenena preparans, solo aspectu, loca et homines, morbo Inffieret uniuersos. Nec aliquis sciebat, uel poterat viam lnuenire satutis. Sic undique Orientalibus, et meridiana plaga, et qui in Aquilone degebant, sagita percussis Asperima, que coporibus crepidinem Inducebat, morbo pressis pestiffero, fere onmes, defficiebant, et morte subita corruebant. Quanta, qualisque fuerit mortalitas generalis, Cathaijnj, lndi, Perses, Medi , Cardenses, Armeni, Tarsenses, Georgianj, Mesopotami, Nubiani, Ethijopes, Turchumani, Egiptij, Arabici, Saraceni, Greci et fere toto oriente corrupto, clamoribus, flectibus(!) et singultibus occupati, a supra dicto Millesimo usque ad Millesimo, CCCXLVIIII in amaritudine commorantes, extremum deij Judicium suspicantur.
In the year of Our Lord 1346, in the eastern regions, innumerable races of Tartars and Saracens perished due to an inexplicable plague and sudden death. Vast regions of these parts, countless provinces, magnificent kingdoms, cities, castles, and places filled with a dense population, were struck by the plague and succumbed to the horrific bites of death, being emptied of their inhabitants in a short time. For instance, a place called Thanna, in the eastern parts, towards the north near the territory of Constantinople under Tartar rule, where Italian merchants used to gather, was besieged and attacked by countless Tartars over a short period, and left completely desolate after an onslaught. It happened that the Christian merchants, violently expelled, fled to the fortified city of Caffa, which had been constructed long ago in that region by the Genoese, seeking protection for their lives and belongings. The Tartars, fearing the power of their enemy, surrounded the city and laid siege for nearly three years. Besieged by the massive Tartar army, the inhabitants barely managed to survive, despite some help brought by ships carrying supplies, which offered them only slight hope. Suddenly, the Tartars themselves were struck by disease, and their entire army began to weaken and was daily afflicted, with countless numbers dying. It seemed as if arrows were falling from the sky to strike and humble the pride of the Tartars. The infected showed signs in their joints and groins, with a thickened fluid, followed by a putrid fever, causing them to die despite all medical advice or aid. Exhausted by this disastrous plague, the Tartars, seeing no hope of recovery and stunned by the devastation, ordered the bodies of their dead to be catapulted into the city of Caffa to spread the intolerable stench and weaken the inhabitants. Thus, the Christians could neither hide nor escape nor free themselves from this danger, even though they threw the corpses they could into the sea to be carried away by the waves. The air was soon contaminated, the water poisoned, and the corruption spread so intensely that scarcely one in a thousand survived to flee, those who did often carrying the infection, spreading it wherever they went and infecting people and places simply by their presence. No one knew or could find a way to salvation. Thus, in the eastern regions, the southern lands, and the northern inhabitants, struck by the harshest arrows of disease that ate into the body, almost everyone succumbed and fell to sudden death. The scale and nature of the widespread mortality were such that the Cathayans, Indians, Persians, Medes, Kardians, Armenians, Tarsians, Georgians, Mesopotamians, Nubians, Ethiopians, Turcomans, Egyptians, Arabs, Saracens, Greeks, and nearly the entire East, overcome by cries, weeping, and sobs, suspected the final judgment, remaining in bitterness from the said year 1346 until 1349.
Great epidemic and war in Saxony.
1346 [...] Isto anno fuit pestilencia magna et werra.
1346 [...] In this year there was an epidemic and war.
Price increase, famine deaths and rural exodus throughout Europe, but also in Bologna
In questo anno fuo la magiore charestia che se recordi mai huomo alcuno; e del mese de zenaro muntò el formento a soldi 40 la corbe, e del mese de marzo muntò a lire 3 la corbe, e del mese d' aprile muntò a lire 3 soldi x la corbe e stete così infino a recolto. Et trovandosse molto buono racolto de formento, onde per la festa de santo Pietro callò el dito formento in ii sabadi a soldi xx per la corbe, e valse a Fiorenza iii fiorin la corbe, e male se ne posseva avere per li dinari, e molte persone schiosaron per la presia alla chà dal merchado dove se vendeva el formento. Et fuo generale carestia e fame per tuta cristianitade. I contadini veneron a la citade, e per la fame chaschavano per le contrade: grande mortalitatde fuo. Et one domane venìa alle ghiexia grande [S. 564] molte fameie de poveri per avere lemosina, chè continuo ne davano hone domane; fra li quali poveri vedivi morire molti gioveni e puti che murivano de fame in braze alle madre loro, e una grande schiuma li vegnia a la bocha; e questo vidi io scritore in Santo Iacomo di frti Romitani, la quale cosa era una grandissima compassione a vedere
In this year it was the greatest store that any man has ever recorded; and in the month of January he collected fodder at 40 lire, and in the month of March he collected it at 3 lire, and in the month of April he collected it at 3 lire, and stayed like that until the end of the year. And he found a very good harvest of fodder, so that on the feast of Saint Peter he called for fodder on the second Saturday at 20 lire per crown, and it was worth 3 Florins per crown in Florentine, and it was hard to get enough for the money, and many people went to the market where the fodder was sold. And there was general famine and starvation throughout Christendom. The peasants came to the city, and because of hunger, they went out into the countryside: there was great mortality. And one Sunday many families of the poor came to the great guiexia [S. 564] to have lemosina, since they were continually giving them money on Sundays; among the poor you could see many young men and women dying of hunger in the arms of their mothers, and a great froth came to their mouths; and this I saw in Santo Jacomo of the Romitani friars, which was a great pity to see.
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380), p. 5v–6r
Price increase in Bologna and intervention of the Signor, no more enforcement of debt claims
In Bologna cominciò una grande carestia, et nelle circostantie, et in Bologna valeva lire 3 di bolognini [S. 6r] la Corba il fromento che mai più ianzi er valuto tanto et La Corba della fava soldi 50. onde il Signore Tadeo a conservatione et bene della Città quanto per a fece bandire, che nell' una persona potesse essere voletto per aleva debito in qualung caso si fosse per inizio al mese d'Agosto prossimo, et fù di Marzo questa provissione et subito fecero condurre il detto Signore. Tadeo in Bologna circa corbe 100 M. di fromen%to e custolli molto caro, et lo diede per soldi 36 la Corba di che fu molto amato dal Populo di Bologna [...] In Bologna persevarò la carestia in tal modo, che del mese di Giugno valeva la corba del fromento soldi 70 de bolognini; per la quale cosa venne una mortalità grande del che morì molta gente, et morirono gli infrascritti notabili gentil huomini [...]
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)
Price increase, famine deaths and epidemic in Bologna and grain imports of the city
In questo millesimo et anno si fu in queste parte una grande carestia, et qui in Bologna valse la corba del formento lire tre de bolognini; et li nostri signori ne feno venire del formento oltra che cento millia corbe, che'l comparono molto charo et si el feno dare per soldi 36 la corba [...] In lo dicto millesimo si fu in Bologna una grande mortalità et grande fame, chè valse la corba del formento lire tre, soldi x la corba; et morireno in Bologna per la dicta morìa de multi boni homini, tra li quali ce morirono quisti, zoè (List of socially high ranking citizens, scholars and nobles)
In this thousandth and year there was a great famine in these parts, and here in Bologna the forage was worth three lire, three coins; and our lords made the forage come more than one hundred thousand coins, which seem very cheap, and they gave it for 36 coins [... ] In the said thousandth year there was in Bologna a great mortality and great hunger, which made the forage worth three lire, money x the corba; and many good men died in Bologna because of the said death, among whom these died, namely (List of socially high-ranking citizens, scholars and nobles).
High mortality, famine and price increase in Bologna
In lo ditto imllesimo fo in Bononia una grande mortalega e de multi boni homini, e fame, che 'l ce valse la corbe del formento libre iii e soldi x.
In the aforementioned year there was a great death in Bologna of many good men, and hunger, which earned us forage in pounds 3 and soldi 10
Massive price increase, many deaths and epidemics in Bologna
In questo anno 1347 fu la mazora charastia che se arechordasse mai homo lchuno che fuse vivo al prexento et fu generalmente per tuta la christianita. Et del mexo di zenaro munto el formento a ß 40 la chorbe e del mexo di marzo munto a ß 60 la chorbe e del mexo d' aprile munto a ß 70 la chorbe et stete quossi per persino al recholto. Vedendo tal quosa el nostro S[ignore] M[esser] Tadio di Pepoli di tanta charastia ne feze venire per Bologna circha 50 milia chorbe che chomparo per diversi luchi molto charo per tenire la tera abondante et fe valo dare a quili da Bologna per ß 40 la chorbe. E questo feva per fare abondanzia al suo populo di bologna et ne perisse assai per che [stavua per morir che lino] li veniva e queste per far abondanzia al suo populo di Bologna et esendo venuto el recholto fu uno bono recholto e formento unde per la festa di santo [petronio] chalo el dito formento in tri sabati [cueve] a ß 20 la chorbe e valse la chorbe a fiorenza tri fiorini e malo se ne poseva avere per i 60 [soi] dinari e molte persone se afochorno per la pressia a la cha drimenchato donde se vendeva el formento. e questa tal charistia et famre super tuta christianita i chontadini venivano a la citade e per la fame chadevano per la chontea morti et vedovassi tanti poveri andare cerchanodo limoxena et alchuna volta non atrovavano limoxena chadevano morti per la fame. Et in frian di ubaldi schivando questa partida di suxo una latra chronicha el scriptore che avea schripto quela chronica disse di avere veduto chon li ochi soi morire alchuni pote di fame in braza a le madre e quando erano morti aveano la schiuma a la bocha et era una ghrandisima schurita
In questo anno 1347 fu in Bologna una ghrandisima mortalita et mori per Bologna per la dita moria di molti boni homini fra li quai li morti quisti zoe [...] et molti altri assai morino di questa moria ma quisti nominati furno deli principali di Bologna.
In this year 1347 there was in Bologna a great mortality and many good men died in Bologna, among whom these two died [...] and many others died as a result of this death, but those named were the principal ones of Bologna .
Famine and epidemic in Bologna with more than 4'000 deaths, also deaths from the upper class (with names).
Fò in Bologna tanta fame, e mortalità, che ne morì più di 4000 persone pizoli e grandi, e assai poveri caschavano de fame per le strade, e molti assai vecchi morivano de fame, perche non posseano avere del Pane per li suoi dinari a benchè molti assai ricchi, è questi sono li capi de li homini che morino di fame, e li nomi soi sono scritti quie de sotta, e prima: Misser Jacomo di Butrigiani Donore di lege. Misser Rainiero Samaritani Chavaliero. El Salvatico Dalfino da Loiano. Misser Bertuzo Soprano Medico. Mattiuzo Bianchetto di Bianchitti. Misser Bornino di Pepoli. Misser Marchium degl' Azigreidi. Misser Lippo di Pepoli. misser Azo di Romagno Dottore. Misser Piero di Bonpieri Dottore.
There was so much hunger and death in Bologna, that more than 4000 people died, both young and old, and many poor people were starving in the streets, and many very old people were starving, because they could not get bread for their money, although many were very rich, and these are the heads of the people who died of hunger, and their names are written here underneath, and before: Misser Jacomo di Butrigiani Donore di lege. Misser Rainiero Samaritani Chavaliero. El Salvatico Dalfino da Loiano. Misser Bertuzo Soprano Medico. Mattiuzo Bianchetto di Bianchitti. Misser Bornino di Pepoli. Misser Marchium degl'Azigreidi. Misser Lippo di Pepoli. Misser Azo di Romagno Dottore. Misser Piero di Bonpieri Dottore.
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses, p. 806.
In the region of Catajo it rained worms, snakes and fire. The fire produced a smoke, which was very pestilential and deadly.
Fu raccontato e scritto pe' mercantati, che alle parti del Catajo piobbe grandissima quantità di vermi e di serpenti, il quali divoravano grandissima quantità di gente. Ancora in quelle Contrade piobbe fuoco dal Cielo a modo di neve, il quale bruciò i monti, la terra, e gli uomini. il qual fuoco favea un fumo tanto pestilenziale, che chi lo sentiva, morivane tra lo spazio di dodici ore. Ancora morivano coloro, i quali guardavano gli avvelenati da quel fuomo pestilenziale.
It has been reported and written in the mercantines, that in the parts of Catajo it rained a great number of worms and snakes, which devoured a great number of people. It rained down fire from heaven like snow, which burned the mountains, the earth and the people. This fire made such a pestilential smoke that those who smelt it died within twelve hours. Still died those, who watched the poisoned by that pestilential smoke.
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses
Template:Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 1, pp. 14–15.
Fire comes out of the earth or falls from heaven in Central Asia as a reason for the outbreak of the Black Death.
Avemmo da mercatanti genovesi, uomini degni di fede, che avieno avute novelle di que' paesi, che alquanto tempo inanzi a questa pistilenzia, nelle parti dell' Asia superiore, uscì della terra, overo cadde da cielo un fuoco grandissimo, il quale stendendosi verso il ponente arse e consumò grandissimo paese sanza alcun riparo. E alquanti dissono che del puzzo di questo fuoco si generò la materia corruttibile della generale pistolenzia: ma questo non possiamo acertare. Apresso sapemmo da uno venerabile frate minore di Firenze vescovo di ..... de Regno, uomo degno di fede, che s'era trovato in quelle parti dov'è la città del Lamech ne' tempi della mortalità, che tre dì e tre notti piovvono in quelle paese biscie con sangue ch' apuzzarono e coruppono tutte le contrade:sc e in [p. 15] quella tempesta fu abattuto parte tel tempio di Maometto, e alquanto della sua sepoltura.
We have had from Genoese merchants, men worthy of faith, who have had news of those countries, that some time before this pistilenzia, in the parts of Upper Asia, a great fire came out of the earth, or fell from the sky, which, spreading towards the west, burned and consumed a great country without any shelter. And some say that from the stench of this fire was generated the corruptible matter of the general conflagration: but this we cannot ascertain. Later we learned from a venerable friar minor of Florence, bishop of ..... of the Kingdom, a man worthy of faith, who had been in those parts where the city of Lamech is in the times of mortality, that three days and three nights it rained in that country snakes with blood that apuzzarono and covered all the countries; and in [p. 15] that storm was torn down part of the temple of Muhammad, and some of his burial place.
The Black Death with presumed origins in China or Ethiopia, spreading to Syria and Egypt. Discussion of its spread via Caffa and Constantinopel, Genoa and reaching the Iberian Peninsula.
Die Meinungen über die Herkunft dieses Ereignisses gehen auseinander. Der Gewährsmann erwähnte nach dem Zeugnis mancher christlichen Kaufleute, die nach Almeriah kamen, daß die Krankheit in dem Lande Hata entstanden sei; Hata heißt in der persischen Sprache China, wie ich es von einem Gewährsmann aus Samarkand gelernt habe. China ist die Grenze der bewohnten Erde nach Osten zu. Die Seuche ist in China verbreitet und von da aus ist sie nach dem persischen Irak, den türkischen Ländern gewandert. Andere erwähnten nach dem Bericht christlicher Reisenden, daß sie in Abessinien entstanden sei und von dort aus in die Nachbarländer bis nach Ägypten und Syrien vorgedrungen sei. Diese verschiedenen Berichte beweisen, daß die Katastrophe allgemein alle Länder und Zonen heimgesucht hat. Der Grund der Verschiedenheit der Berichte ist, daß, wenn sie in einem an der (p. 42) Grenze der Erde liegenden Lande erscheint, dessen Einwohner denken, daß die Krankheit dort entstanden sei; und von dort aus verbreitet sich diese Ansicht. Es ist uns auch von vielen Seiten berichtet worden, daß sie in der genuesischen Festung Kaffa gewesen sei, die unlängst durch ein Heer von mohammedanischen Türken und Romäern belagert wurde, dann in Pera, dann in dem großen Konstantinopel, auf den Inseln von Armania an der Küste des Mittelmeeres, in Genua, in Frankreich. Sie griff weiter über nach dem fruchtbaren Andalusien, überschwemmte die Gegenden von Aragon, Barcelona, Valencia u. a., verbreitete sich in dem größten Teil des Königreichs Kastilien bis Sevilla im äußersten Westen, erreichte auch die Inseln des Mittelmeeres Sizilien, Sardinien, Mallorca, Ibiza, sprang über nach der gegenüberliegenden Küste von Afrika und ging von da aus weiter nach Westen.
Opinions differ as to the origin of this event. According to the testimony of some Christian merchants who came to Almeriah, the author mentioned that the disease originated in the land of Hata; Hata means China in the Persian language, as I learnt from an author from Samarkand. China is the border of the inhabited earth to the east. The disease spread in China and from there it travelled to Persian Iraq and the Turkish countries. Others mentioned, according to the report of Christian travellers, that it originated in Abyssinia and from there spread to neighbouring countries as far as Egypt and Syria. These different reports prove that the catastrophe affected all countries and zones in general. The reason for the diversity of reports is that when it appears in a country lying on the (p. 42) frontier of the earth, its inhabitants think that the disease originated there; and from there this opinion spreads. It has also been reported to us from many quarters that it was in the Genoese fortress of Kaffa, which was recently besieged by an army of Mohammedan Turks and Romæans, then in Pera, then in the great Constantinople, on the islands of Armania on the coast of the Mediterranean, in Genoa, in France. It spread further to fertile Andalusia, flooded the regions of Aragon, Barcelona, Valencia and others, spread through most of the kingdom of Castile as far as Seville in the far west, reached the Mediterranean islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Mallorca, Ibiza, jumped over to the opposite coast of Africa and from there continued westwards..
Template:Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 3, pp. 485–486.
Epidemic follows famine in Florence, 4000 dead (mainly women and children); particularly bad in Romagna, Provence, Bologna, Vignone, Pistoia and Prato. The mortality was foretold by astrologers.
Di grande mortalità che ffu in Firenze, ma più grande altrove, come diremo apresso Nel detto anno e tempo, come sempre pare che segua dopo la carestia e fame, si cominciò in Firenze e nel contado infermeria, e apresso mortalità di genti, e spezialmente in femine e fanciulli, il più in poveri genti, e durò fino al novembre vegnente MCCCXLVII ma però non fu così grande, come fu la mortalità dell'anno MCCCXL come adietro facemmo menzione; ma albitrando al grosso, ch'altrimenti non si può sapere a punto in tanta città come Firenze, ma in di grosso si stimò che morissono in questo tempo più di IIIIm persone, tra uomini e più femmine e fanciulli; morirono bene de' XX l'uno; e fecesi comandamento per lo Comune che niuno morto si dovesse bandire, né sonare campane alle chiese, ove i morti si sotterravano, perchè lla gente non isbigotisse d'udire di tanti morti. E lla detta mortalità fu predetta dinanzi per maestri di strologia, dicendo che quando fu il sostizio vernale, cioè quando il sole entrò nel principio dell'Ariete del mese di marzo passato, l'ascendente che ffu nel detto sostizio fu il segno della Vergine, e 'l suo signore, cioè il pianeto di Mercurio, si trovò nel segno dell'Ariete nella ottava casa, ch'è casa che significa morte; e se non che il pianeto di Giove, ch'è fortunato e di vita, si ritrovò col detto Mercurio nella detta casa e segno, la mortalità sarebbe stata infinita, se fosse piaciuto a dDio. Ma nnoi dovemo credere e avere per certo che Idio promette le dette pestilenze e ll'altre a' popoli, cittadi e paesi [p. 486] per pulizione de'peccati e non solamente per corsi di stelle, ma tolera, siccome signore dell'universo e del corso del celesto, come gli piace; e quando vuole, fa accordare il corso delle stelle al suo giudicio; e questo basti in questa parte e d'intorno a Firenze del detto delli astrolagi. La detta mortalità fu maggiore in Pistoia e Prato e nelle nostre circustanze all'avenante della gente di Firenze, e maggiore in Bologna e in Romagna, e maggiore in Vignone e in Proenza ov'era la corte del papa, e per tutto il reame di Francia.
Of a great mortality which occurred in Florence, although it was greater elsewhere, as we will recount. In this year and season, as seemingly always after food shortages and famines, a sickness began in the city and countryside of Florence. Soon people began to die, especially women and children, and the most among the poor. It lasted until November 1347, but it was not as great as the mortality of 1340 that we described earlier. If we make a rough guess—it is impossible to do otherwise in a city as great as Florence—it seems that this time more than four thousand people died, men and more women and children. More than one in twenty died. It was ordered by the commune that no death be announced and no church bell be sounded during burials, lest people be terrified to hear of so many deaths. This mortality was foretold by master astrologers who stated that during the vernal solstice—that is when the sun entered the sign of Aries last March—the sign of Virgo was rising and Virgo’s ruler Mercury was in the eighth house of Aries, a house signifying death. And were it not for the fact that Jupiter, which brings fortune and life, accompanied Mercury in this house and sign, the mortality would have been endless—if this had pleased God. But we should believe and be certain that the Lord God promises the said pestilences and others to peoples, cities, and lands to cleanse their sins, and [that he does so] not only through the movement of the stars but sometimes—as Lord of the universe and celestial motion—according to his will. And when he wishes, he matches the movement of the stars to his judgment. Let this suffice regarding Florence, its surroundings, and the sayings of astrologers. This mortality was greater in Pistoia and Prato and in the surrounding territories nearer to Florence; it was greater in Bologna and in Romagna; it was greater at Avignon and in Provence, where the papal court was, and throughout the kingdom of France.
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 2, p. 310.
Until harvest-time the problems of food shortage still existed in Florence. The first signs of the Black Death were seen in this time, but the plague arose already 2 year earlier in the East. The symptoms were horrible and many people died.
Altero dehinc anno, priusquam segetes maturescerent, eaedem quae superiori tempore difficultates rei frumentariae populum tenuere. Maturis deinde frugibus atque collectis, difficultates illae pristinae cessavere. Variis tamen morborum generibus laborabatur, et pestilentiae, qua postmodum vastata Italia est, signa quaedam horrenda tunc primum apparuerunt. Ea clades biennio fere ante (quantum haberi notitia poterat) in Orientis partibus coorta; mox inde per populos pestilenti contagio evagata, alia subinde appetendo loca, regiones cumulatis funeribus inanierat. Febris erat sopifera et inguinis tumor. Id quasi venenum quoddam robustissimos iuvenes, alioquin sanos, repente invadens, paucissimis interdum enecabat horis. Contagia omnium exitiosa erant. Ea igitur tunc civitatem ingressa imbecilliora primum corpora puerorum puellarumque conficere coepit; inde ad firmiora transgrediens, per omnem sexum aetatemque vagata est.
The next year, up until harvest-time, the People were preoccupied with the same difficulties of provisioning as before; but once the crops ripened and were harvested, these earlier difficulties ceased. Yet they were still suffering from diseases of various kinds, and certain horrid signs of the pestilence which afterwards devastated Italy then became manifest for the first time. As far as one can tell, this disaster had arisen two years earlier in parts of the East, then soon spread with epidemic virulence from populace to populace, seeking out one place after another, emptying whole regions with piles of corpses. It caused a sleep-inducing fever and a swelling in the groin. Like a kind of poison it suddenly attacked the most robust young men, otherwise healthy, and killed them in a few hours. It was the most destructive of all epidemics; and it was this epidemic that entered the city at that time. It began by first consuming the weaker bodies of boys and girls, then passed on to the stronger, spreading through both sexes and persons of every age.
Giovanni Villani 1990, Vol. 3, pp. 483-484.
The great shortage of food in Florence led to disease and illness. The city took measures to reduce poverty, usury and exploitation. In addition, many prisoners were allowed to go out to freedom under certain terms. The conditions in the prisons were so terrible, that it was unavoidable.
Di certe novità e ordini che ssi feciono in Firenze per lo caro ch'era, e mortalità Essendo in Firenze e d'intorno il caro grande di grano e d'ogni vittuaglia, come poco adietro avemo fatta menzione, essendone afritti i cittadini e contadini, spezialmente i poveri e impotenti, e ogni dì venia montando il caro e lla difalta; e oltre a cciò conseguente cominciata infermità e mortalità, il Comune provide e fece dicreto a dì XIII di marzo che niuno potesse esere preso per niuno debito di fiorini C d'oro, o da indi in giù, infino a calen di agosto vegnente, salvo all'uficiale della mercatantia da libre XXV in su, acciò che ll'impotenti non fossono tribolati di loro debiti, avendo la passione della fame e mortalità. E oltre a cciò feciono ordine che nessuno potesse vendere lo staio del grano più di soldi XL; e chi nne recasse di fuori del contado di Firenze per vendere, avesse dal Comune fiorino uno d'oro del moggio; ma non si potéo osservare, che tanto montò la carestia e difalta, che ssi vendea fiorino uno d'oro lo staio, e talora libre IIII; e se non fosse la provisione del Comune, come dicemmo adietro, il popolo moria di fame. E per la pasqua di Risoresso seguente, che ffu in calen di aprile MCCCXLVII, il Comune (p. 484) fece offerta di tutti i prigioni ch'erano nelle carcere, che riavessero pace da'loro nimici, e stati in prigione da calen di febraio adietro; e chiunque v'era per debito da libre C in giù, rimanendo obrigato al suo creditore; e ffu gran bene e limosina, che per la 'nopia è ggià cominciata la mortalità, ogni dì morivano nelle carcere due o tre prigioni; furono gli oferti in quello dì CLXXIII, che ve ne avea più di D in più in grande inopia e povertà. E poi a l'uscita di maggio per sudette cagioni si fece riformagione per lo Comune di Firenze, che chiunque fosse nelle carcere o fosse in bando di pecunia da fiorini C d'oro in su, ne potesse uscire pagando al Comune in danari contanti soldi III per libra di quello fosse condannato o sbandito, e scontando ancora i soldi XVII per libra del debito del Comune che s'avea chi llo volea comperare per XXVIII o XXX per C da coloro che doveano avere dal Comune, che venia la detta gabella di pagare da soldi VII e mezzo per libra. Certi gli pagaro e uscirono di bando e di prigione, ma non furo guari; tanto era povero il comune popolo di cittadini per lo caro e ll'altre aversità occorse.
Of certain measures taken and ordinances made in Florence because of the recent food shortage and the sickness. As we noted a short while ago, there was a great shortage of grain and other foodstuffs in the city and the territory of Florence. The citizens and country folk were afflicted by this shortage, especially the poor and the powerless. Every day this shortage and this lack [of food] grew worse and, what is more, there then began a great sickness and mortality. The commune took things in hand, decreeing on the 23rd of March that until the coming August no one could be arrested for any debt of one hundred gold florins or less, unless by an official of the merchants’ court for twenty-five lire or more—this so that the powerless would not be harassed for their debts, since they were already suffering from hunger and sickness. Moreover, they issued an ordinance that no one could sell a staio of grain for more than forty soldi. And anyone who brought grain to sell from beyond the contado of Florence would receive one gold florin per moggio from the commune. But these ordinances could not be obeyed because the shortage and the lack [of food] so worsened that grain was being sold at one gold florin per staio, and sometimes at four lire per staio. And were it not for the provisions of the commune, which we mentioned earlier, the popolo would have died of hunger. The following Easter, which came in the month of April 1347, the commune made an offering of all jailed prisoners who had been in prison since the previous February and who were able to make peace with their enemies, and of prisoners who had been imprisoned for debts of one hundred Lire or less ([although] they remained obliged to their creditors). This was good and charitable, since the shortage had already provoked sickness and two or three prisoners were dying every day in the jails. On that day, one hundred seventy-three prisoners were offered, and there were more than five hundred others in great want and poverty. And then at the end of May, for the abovementioned reasons, a reform was made by the Commune of Florence—whoever was in jail or under ban for one hundred gold florins or more could get out by paying the commune three soldi for every one lira of the sum for which they had been condemned or banned, forgiving the seventeen soldi per lira of their debt to the commune, for there were those who were willing to buy [this debt] at twenty-eight or at thirty per one hundred from those who were creditors of the commune and this because the said gabelle stood to pay 7% soldi per lira. Some paid and were released from ban and from prison but they (p. 137) were very few, so poor were the common popolo of citizens as a consequence of the shortage and the other adversities which had occured.
''Skálholtsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 213
Fourth smallpox epidemic in Iceland in 1347
Bolna sótt hin fiorða vm allt land. sva mikil at engi var sva gamall at slika myndi. var sva til reiknat at nær .cccc. manna andaðiz i henni milli Hvitskeggs huams ok Bótz ár. sva ok vm Floann ok Aulfusit með sama móti. Gekk sóttin fyrir sunn an land þetta arit enn it siðarra fyrir norðan. for hon sva gersamliga yfir sveitirnar at hon tok naliga hvern yngra mann enn fertugan. ok marga ellri. ok iafnvel var bolan a bórnunum þeim er moðirin fæddi viðr andlát sitt.
Fourth smallpox pandemic in the entire country. So severe that no one was old enough to remember something comparable. It was thus counted that close to 400 men died between Hvítskeggshvammur and the Bót river. So [it happened] also around Flói and Ölfusá in the same manner. The plague went through the south of the country this year, while the last one went through the north. It [= the plague] swept unremittingly through the districts so that it took almost every younger man under forty. and many elder ones. and there were even buboes on the children who were born during their mother's death.
''Annálarbrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 223
Bolna sott for um allt landit ok andadiz fioldi mannz.
Smallpox swept through the entire country and many people died.
''Annálarbrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 274-75
Smallpox with high mortality in Iceland in 1347
Jtem bolna sott mickil vm allt Jsland. ok andadizst fiolde folks.
Then [there was] a great smallpox [plague] all around Iceland. And many people died.
Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 3, pp. 487–488
Spread of the Black Death across the Mediterranean into Italy and its major islands with processions emerging in Florence.
E stesesi la detta pistolenza infino in Turchia e grecia, avendo prima ricerco tutto Levante i Misopotania, Siria, Caldea, Suria, Ciptro, il Creti, i Rodi, e tutte l'isole dell'Arcipelago di Grecia, e poi si stese in Cicilia, e Sardigna, Corsica, ed Elba, e per simile modo tutte le marine e riviere di nostri mari; ed otto galee di Genovesi c'erano ite nel mare Maggiore, morendo la maggiore parte, non ne tornarono che quattro galee piene d'infermi, morendo al continuo; e quelli che giunsono a Genova, tutti quasi morirono, e corruppono sì l'aria dove (p. 487) arivavano, che chiunque si riparava co lloro poco apresso morivano. Ed era una maniera d'infermità, che non giacia l'uomo III dì, aparendo nell'anguinaia o sotto le ditella certi enfiati chiamati gavoccioli, e tali ghianducce, e tali gli chiamavano bozze, e sputando sangue. E al prete che confessava lo 'nfermo, o guardava, spess s'apiccava la detta pistilenza per modo ch'ogni infermo era abbandonato di confessione, sagramento, medicine e guardie. Per la quale sconsolazione il papa fece dicreto, perdonando colpa e pena a' preti che confessassono o dessono sagramento alli infermi, e lli vicitasse e guardasse. E durò questa pestilenzia fina a ... e rimasono disolate di genti molte province e cittadini. E per questa pistilenza, acciò che Iddio la cessasse e guardassene la nostra città di Firenze e d'intorno, si fece solenne processione in mezzo marzo MCCXLVII per tre dì. E tali son fatti i giudici di Dio per pulire i peccati de' viventi..
This pestilence spread into Turkey and Greece, having first circled the Levant—Mesopotamia, Assyria, Chaldea, Syria, Cyprus, Crete, Rhodes, and all the islands of the archipelago of Greece—and then spread to Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Elba and in like manner to all the shores and coasts of our seas. [When] eight Genoese galleys sailed into the Black Sea, the greater part of their crews died, and only four galleys returned, full of sick men who were dying one after another. Almost all those who reached Genoa died, and so corrupted the air where they landed, that whoever met with them died shortly afterward. This was the manner of the sickness: certain swellings appeared on the groin or below the armpits, swellings which some called gavoccioli and some ghianducce and some bozze, and which oozed blood. A man could not live for more than three days after they appeared. And this pestilence often attached itself to the priests who heard the confessions of the sick, or who looked after the sick, so that the sick were deprived of confession, sacrament, medicine, and watchers. This terrible problem led the pope to issue a decree, pardoning sin and penance to those priests who confessed or gave the sacrament to the sick, and who visited and watched over them. (p. 139) And this pestilence lasted until [. . .] and many provinces and cities were desolated. And in mid-March 1347, a solemn procession was held [every day] for three days, so that the Lord God might end this pestilence and Protect our city of Florence and its surroundings. ‘Thus do the judgments of God cleanse the sins of the living. Let us leave this matter, and speak somewhat of the deeds of the newly elected Emperor Charles of Bohemia.
Severe plague in Kuyavia and after that Jews were being burned all over Germany
Anno Domini 1347 fuit gravis pestilencia et tunc Iudei per totam Almaniam fuerunt cremati, quia dicebantur christianum populum intoxicasse, ut fuit compertum.
In the year of our Lord 1347, there was a great plague, and at that time, the Jews throughout Germany were burned because they were accused of poisoning the Christian people, as it was determined.
Cold weather followed by famine. Then outbreak of the Black Death in parts of Lombardy, especially in rural areas, but also in Varese; plague spares Milan, Novara, Pavia, Cuneo and Vercelli. Source is notorious for confused, imprecise and contradictory chronology[1]
Dixeram supra quod tunc temporis nix erat magna et fuit verum; nam duravit super facie terre usque ad finem raensis martii vel quasi, propter quam campestria tantum fastidium frigoris et undacionis susceperunt quod biada, nive recedente, ut plurimum mortua aparebant. Ex qua multe terre habitatoribus private fuerunt, maxime in montanis partibus; deinde, fame cessante, cepit morbus prosiliens a partibus ul'tramarinis partes inferiores invadere; et primo Bononiam applicuit, videlicet anno MCCCXLIIII, in qua civitate infiniti perierunt, omni defensione et medela destituta. Due partes autem corporum dicebantur periisse. Invasitque pestilencia Januam ubi simili modo perierunt; invasit Parmam in qua multi defecerunt. Servavit Mediolanum, Papiam, Novariam, Cumas, Vercellas, set discurrando occupavit Lombardiam a dicto anno usque annum MCCCXLVII, ubi iterum super districtu Novarie vigebat; nam in dicto districtu Momum vacuavit, Bellanzagum similiter et in Burgomanerio ', ubi conversationem habebam, ubi dicti viri belligeri habitabant, perlerunt dieta clade in tribus mensibus prò completis centenaria xxvii virorum, computatis mulieribus et parvulis, nec in aliìs terris tunc insilivit novariensibus; in comitatu autem Mediolani in partibus Varixii, Anglerie, Gallarate et circumstanciis ut supra, sine numero perierunt. Cessavit itaque dieta pestilentìa moriendi, tamen in aliquibus locis discurrendo.
I mentioned above that at that time there was a great snowfall, and it was true; for it lasted on the surface of the earth until the end of March or nearly so. Because of this, the fields suffered so much from the cold and flooding that, when the snow melted, most of the crops appeared dead. As a result, many lands were deprived of their inhabitants, especially in the mountainous regions. Then, as the famine ceased, a disease began to spread from the overseas regions, invading the lower areas. It first struck Bologna in the year 1344 (sic!), where countless people perished, lacking any defense or remedy. It was said that two-thirds of the population died. The pestilence then invaded Genoa, where many similarly perished, and then Parma, where many died as well. Milan, Pavia, Novara, Como, and Vercelli were spared, but the disease spread throughout Lombardy from that year until 1347 (sic!), when it again raged in the district of Novara. In that district, it emptied Momeliano, Bellinzona, and Borgomanero, where I lived, and where the mentioned warriors lived. In three months, 2,700 men perished, including women and children, and the disease did not attack other lands in Novara at that time. However, in the surroundings of Milan, in the regions of Varese, Angera, Gallarate, and the surrounding areas, countless people perished. Thus, the aforementioned pestilence ceased in its deadliness, though it continued to spread in some places
1347-00-00-Lombardy# QUERYfe60c558cad953eeacb7fc497cdcc359
Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 3, pp. 486–487
Fire comes out of the earth or falls from heaven in Middle East and beginning of the Black Death at the mouth of the Don and in Trabizond.
Ma infinita mortalità, e che più durò, fu in Turchia, e in quelli paesi d'oltremare, e tra' Tarteri. E avenne tra' detti Tarteri grande giudicio di Dio e maraviglia quasi incredibile, e ffu pure vera e chiara e certa, che tra 'l Turigi e 'l Cattai nel paese di Parca, e oggi di Casano signore di Tartari in India, si cominciò uno fuoco uscito di sotterra, overo che scendesse da cielo, che consumò uomini, e bestie, case, alberi, e lle pietre e lla terra, e vennesi stendendo più di XV giornate atorno con tanto molesto, che chi non si fuggì fu consumato, ogni criatura a abituro, istendendosi al continuo. E gli uomini e femine che scamparono del fuoco, di pistolenza morivano. E alla Tana, e Tribisonda, e per tutti que' paesi non rimase per la detta pestilenza de' cinque l'uno, e molte terre vi s'abbandarono tra per la pestilenzia, e tremuoti grandissimi, e folgori. E per le lettere di nostri cittadini degni di fede ch'erano in que' paesi, ci ebbe come a Sibastia piovvono grandissima quantità di vermini [p. 487] grandi uno sommesso con VIII gambe, tutti neri e conduti, e vivi e morti, che apuzzarono tutta la contrada, e spaventevoli a vedere, e cui pugnevano, atosicavano come veleno. E in Soldania, in una terra chiamata Alidia, non rimasono se non femmine, e quelle per rabbia manicaro l'una l'altra. E più maravigliosa cosa e quasi incredibile contaro avenne in Arcaccia, uomini e femmine e ogni animale vivo diventarono a modo di statue morte a modo di marmorito, e i signori d'intorno al paese pe' detti segni si propuosono di convertire alla fede cristiana; ma sentendo il ponente e paesi di Cristiani tribolati simile di pistolenze, si rimasono nella loro perfidia. E a porto Tarlucco, inn-una terra ch'ha nome Lucco inverminò il mare bene x miglia fra mare, uscendone e andando fra terra fino alla detta terra, per la quale amirazione assai se ne convertirono alla fede di Cristo.
But the mortality was much greater and much more severe in Turkey and in Outremer, and among the Tartars. And a great judgment of God occurred among these Tartars, a marvel almost unbelievable but which was true, clear, and certain. Between the Turigi and the Cattai in the land of Parca, presently ruled by Casano, lord of the Tartars in India, a fire began to burn forth from the ground, or indeed to fall from the sky. It consumed men, animals, houses, trees, and (p. 138) the stones, and the earth, spreading a distance of more than fifteen days’ travel all around, with such great harm that those who did not flee were consumed—every creature and every inhabitant—as it ceaselessly spread. The men and women who escaped this fire died of pestilence. At Tana and Trebizond, and in all those lands, not one person out of five survived and many cities were abandoned because of the pestilence and terrible earthquakes and lightning. We learn from letters sent by trustworthy citizens of our city who were in those lands that a very great quantity of little worms rained down on Sibastia. Each was one span in length, colored black with eight legs and a tail. They fell both alive and dead and were terrifying to behold, filling the city with their stench, and those whom they stung were poisoned as with venom. In Soldania, in a city called Alidia, only the females remained and these [worms], driven by rage, ate one another. [The letters] tell of an even more marvelous and almost unbelievable thing that occurred in Arcaccia: men and women and every living animal became like dead statues of marble. Nearby lords saw these signs and considered converting to the Christian faith, but when they heard that the West and the Christian lands were suffering from these same pestilences, they persisted in their wickedness. At Porto Talucco, in a city called Lucco, the sea was filled for ten miles with worms that crawled out of the water and across the land all the way up to the city. Many people were so astonished by this that they converted to the faith of Christ.
Louis I of Hungary went on pilgrimage to Apulia to confirm the barons and to escape the plague which already raged in Naples.
[…] E partita del Regno la detta compagna, se n'andò il re il Puglia in pellegrinaggio al Monte Santo Agnolo e San Nicolò di Bari, e per sagire i baroni e paese di Puglia alla sua signoria, e per cessare la pistolenza della mortalità, che già era cominciata a Napoli grandissima.
After this company departed the regno, the king went on pilgrimage to Puglia, to Monte Santo Angelo and San Niccolò di Bari, to confirm the barons and the land of Puglia under his lordship and to escape the pestilence of sickness which had already begun and was already great in Naples.
Black Death in Piombino, but only a few deaths in Milan.
Il detto morbo s'atachò a Pionbino, inperochè vi venne cierti Genovesi di quelle maledette galee, e morivi e' 3 quarti de le persone in Pionbino; per tanto si fu per abandonare. Queste maledette galee de' Genovesi venivano e aveano aiutato a' Saraceni e al Turco a pigliare la città di Romania che era de' Cristiani che non féro i Turchi, e per questo si tenea che Dio avea mandato tanta mortalità a i detti Genovesi e a' Cristiani e in Turchia, e morì in Saracina e' tre quarti e così de' Cristiani. A Milano morì poca gente, inperochè morì 3 fameglie, le quali le case loro furo murate l'uscia e le finestre, chè nissuno v'entrasse.
The disease came to Piombino, because some Genoese from those cursed galleys came there, and three quarters of the people died in Piombino; therefore it was abandoned. These accursed galleys of the Genoese came and had helped the Saracens and the Turks to take the city of Romania, which belonged to the Christians, rather than the Turks, and for this reason it was believed that God had sent so much mortality to the said Genoese and the Christians and in Turkey, and three quarters died in Saracina and so of the Christians. In Milan few people died, for three families died, and their houses were walled up with doors and windows, so that no one could enter.
Famine and afterwards mortality in Avignon (fasting period until Whitsun).
Anno Domini MCCCXLVII in quadragesima et inter pascha et pentecosten circa Avionem propter gwerrarum rabiosam inundacionem circumquaque exortam fames exicialis et prevalida facta est, propter quam innumerabiles populi morte repentina extincti dicebantur. In tantum eciam mortalitas famem horrendam subsecuta seviebat, quod in plateis, vicis et in sterquiliniis prostrati miserabiliter iacuerunt.
In the year of our Lord 1347, during Lent and between Easter and Pentecost, near Avignon, due to the violent outbreak of war, a devastating famine arose everywhere, causing countless people to be struck down by sudden death. Such a terrible mortality ensued from the famine that people were said to be dying innumerable deaths. To such an extent did the deadly famine rage, that people miserably lay prostrate in the streets, alleys, and dung heaps.
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917, p. 135
Mortality in Bologna, Brescia, Milan and Florence, 10.000 deaths over several months
Dicto anno fuit magna mortalitas personarum maxime in civitate Bononiae, et [mortui sunt] de maioribus et melioribus personis ipsius civitatis ultra decem milia personarum et duravit dicta mortalitas a mense maii usque ad mensem septembris; et similiter fuit dicta mortalitas in civitate Mediolani, Brixiae et Florentiae.
In the same year, there was a great mortality of people, especially in the city of Bologna, and over ten thousand of the most prominent and best citizens of that city died. This mortality lasted from the month of May until the month of September. Similarly, there was said to be a great mortality in the cities of Milan, Brescia, and Florence
A comet was seen as a sign of evil things, such as the death of kings and potentates and mortality. The predictions turned out to be true, as the forthcoming events have shown, especially in the Orient during this time.
Come in cielo aparve una commeta. Nel detto anno, del mese d'agosto, aparve in cielo la stella commeta, che ssi chiama Nigra, nel segno del Tauro, a gradi XVI nel capo della figura e segno del Gorgone, e durò XV dì. Questa Nigra è della natura di Saturno, e per sua infruenzia si cria, secondo che dice Zael filosofo e strolago, e più altri maestri della detta scienzia, la quale significa pure male e morte di re e di potenti; e questo dimostrò assai tosto in più re e reali, come inanzi leggendo si troverà; e ingenerò grande mortalità ne' paesi ove il detto pianeto e segno signoreggiano; e bene il dimostrò inn-Oriente e nelle marine d'intorno, come dicemmo adietro.
How a comet appeared in the heavens. In August of that year (1347) the comet called Nigra appeared in the heavens in the sign of Taurus, at sixteen degrees in the head of the constellation and sign of Gorgon and stayed there for fifteen days. This Nigra is of the nature of Saturn, whose power creates it, according to Zael, philosopher and astrologer, and many other masters of this science. It is a sign of evil things - the deaths of kings and of potentates; this was soon revealed [by what happened to] many kings and royals - as one will find by reading ahead. It brought great mortality to the lands where the planet and the sign rule. And events in the Orient and on nearby shores, which we have recounted, demonstrate this well.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Catania with detailed description of symptoms and social disintegration. Prominent victim of the plague is Duke Giovanni d'Aragona, Regent of the Kingdom of Trinacria/Sicily at the time.
Quid dicemus de civitate Cataniae, quae oblivioni tradita est? Tanta fuit pestis praedicta exorta in ea, quod non solum pustulae illae, quae "anthraci" vulgari vocabulo nuncupabantur, sed etiam glandulae quaedam in diversis corporum membris nascebantur, nunc in pectine, aliae in tibiis, aliae in brachiis, aliae in gutture. Quae quidem a principio erant sicut avellanae, et crescebant cum magno frigoris rigore, et in tantum humanum corpus extendebant et affligebant, quod diutius in se potentiam non habens standi, se ad lectum perferrebat, febribus immensis incitatus, et amaritudine non modica contristatus. Quapropter glandulae illae ad modum nucis crescebant, deinde ad modum ovi gallinae vel anseris, et quorum dolores non modici, et humorum putrefactione urgebant dictum humanum corpus sanguinem expuere; quod sputum, a pulmonibus infecto perveniens ad guttur, totum corpus humanum putrefaciebat: quo putrefacto, humoribus deficientibus, spiritum exalabant. Quae quidem infirmitas triduo perdurabat; quarto vero die ad minus a rebus humanis praedicta humana corpora erant adepta. Catanienses vero perpendentes talem aegritudinem sic brevi finire tempore, sicuti dolor capitis eis superveniebat, et rigor frigoris, omnia peccata eorum primo et ante omnia sacerdotibus confitebantur, et deinde testamenta eorum conficiebantur. Tanta erat in praedicta civitate condemnsa mortalitas, quod iudices et notarii se ad testamenta facienda ire recusabant. Et si ad aliquem infirmum accederent, ab eo procul omnino stabant. Sacerdotes ullatenus ad domos infirmorum accedere timore proximi mortis trepidabant. Tanta erat immensa mortalitas in civitate praedicta, quod iudices et notarii in conficiendis testamentis, nec sacerdotes ad peccatorum confitenda peccamina poterant totaliter continuo vacare. Patriarcha vero praedictus, volens de animabus Cataniensium providere, cuilibet sacerdoti, licet minimo, totam, quam habebat ipse episcopalem et patriarchalem licentiam, de absolvendis peccatis tribuit atque dedit. Quapropter omnes, qui deficiebant, secundum veram opinionem ad locum Dei tutam infallibiliter erant recepti. Dux vero Joannes praedictus timens mortem supradictam, nolens civitatibus et locis appropinquare habitatis propter aeris infectionem, per loca nemorosa et inhabitata, circumquaque se hinc inde continue versabatur. Sed dum hinc inde nunc ad aquam salis, quae est in nemore Cataniensi, nunc ad quamdam turrim, quae vocatur "Lu Blancu" per sex milliaria a civitate Cataniae distantem, nunc ad quandam ecclesiam sancti Salvatoris de Blanchardu in nemore civitatis praedictae, se quasi latitando discurreret, pervenit ad quamdam ecclesiam, seu locum per dictum Ducem noviter constructum [p. 568] vocatum sanctu Andria, qui locus est in confiniis nemoris Mascalarum; in quo dum incolumis ac sanus existeret, ex quadam sibi superveniente infirmitate mortuus extitit. Corpus cuius fuit sepultum in maiori Catanensi Ecclesia, in eo videlicet tumulo, ubi corpus quondam Friderici Regis patris sui fuerat conditum et humatum. Et hoc anno Domini MCCCXLVIII, de mense Aprilis primae Indictionis. Quae quidem mortalitas duravit a mense Septembris dictae primae Indictionis usque ad mortem Ducis supradicti paulo ante vel post. Talis itaque gravis fuit mortalitas in nullo dispar sexu, in nulla aetate dissimilis, generaliter cunctos iugiter affecit, ut etiam quos non egit in mortem, turpi macie exinanitos afflictosque dimisit atque relaxavit. In qua mortalitate fuit dictus Patriarcha mortuus, et sepultus in maiori Catanensi Ecclesia, anima cuius in pace quiescat.
What shall we say of the city of Catania, which has been consigned to oblivion? Such was the plague that arose there that not only did those pustules called "anthraces" in the common tongue appear, but also certain swellings in various parts of the body—now on the chest, some on the shins, others on the arms, and others in the throat. These, at first, were like hazelnuts, and they grew with a great chill and afflicted the human body so severely that, unable to stand any longer, the person would collapse onto the bed, overcome by intense fevers and burdened with great bitterness. As a result, those swellings would grow to the size of a walnut, then to the size of a hen's egg or even a goose's egg, and the pain was unbearable. The rotting of bodily fluids caused the afflicted person to spit blood; this sputum, infected from the lungs and reaching the throat, would completely decay the entire body. Once the body had decayed and the fluids had been drained, the person would exhale their spirit. This disease would last three days; by the fourth day, at the latest, the person would succumb. The people of Catania, observing that such an illness would end so quickly, often experienced severe headaches and chills. In this state, they confessed all their sins, first and foremost, to priests, and then prepared their wills. The mortality in the aforementioned city was so severe that judges and notaries refused to go to prepare the wills. And if they did approach any of the sick, they kept a great distance. Priests, too, were afraid to approach the homes of the sick out of fear of their own impending deaths. The mortality in the city was so immense that judges and notaries could not keep up with preparing wills, nor could priests attend continuously to the confession of sins. The Patriarch, seeing the need to provide for the souls of the people of Catania, granted to each priest, even the humblest, the full authority of his episcopal and patriarchal license to absolve sins. Because of this, all who died were, according to true belief, received into the secure presence of God. Duke Giovanni [di Randazzo/d'Aragona, 1317-1348], fearing the aforementioned plague and not wanting to approach inhabited cities or places due to the infection of the air, moved about continuously through forested and uninhabited areas. Wandering from one place to another, he would sometimes go to the Salt Spring in the forest near Catania, sometimes to a tower called "Lu Blancu," six miles from the city of Catania, or to a church called S. Salvatoris de Blanchardu in the forest of the aforementioned city. While wandering in hiding, he eventually came to a church or location newly constructed by the Duke, called S. Andrea, which is situated on the borders of the Mascalarum forest. While living there in good health, he was overtaken by a sudden illness and died. His body was buried in the major church of Catania, in the very tomb where the body of Frederick, King and his father, had been buried and laid to rest. This happened in the year of our Lord 1348, in the month of April, during the first Indiction. This mortality lasted from September of the same first Indiction until shortly before or after the death of the aforementioned Duke. Such a grave mortality affected all, regardless of sex or age, and struck everyone continuously. Even those whom it did not bring to death were left emaciated and afflicted with a wretched gauntness, ultimately releasing them in a weakened state. During this mortality, the aforementioned Patriarch also died and was buried in the major church of Catania, and may his soul rest in peace.
1347-09-00-Catania# QUERY2be35bddf08f1c4edcf3b6486acafe6b
Arrival of the Black Death in Messina, Sicily on board of Genoese ships.
Caput XXVII. De repentina mortalitate orta in Regno Sicilie & quo tempore duravit, & quid actum eo tempore extitit [...] Accidit ergo, quod de mense octobris anno dominice incarnationis MCCCXLVII circa principium mensis octobris prime indictionis, duodecim galee januensium, divinam fugientes ulcionem, quam Dominus noster pro eorum iniquitatibus desuper eis transmiserat, applicuerunt in portum civitatis Messane, talem secum morbum ossibus infixum deferentes, quod si quis cum aliquo ipsorum locutus fuisset , erat infirmitate effectus letali, quam mortem nullatenus evadere poterat inmediate. Signa vero mortis ianuensium et messanensium cum eis participantium talia erant. Quod propter infectionem hanelitus inter eos mixti universaliter alloquentes , adeo unus alterum inficiebat , quod quasi totus dolore concussus videbatur, et quodammodo conquassatus; ex cujus doloris conquassatione, et hanelitus inficatione oriebatur quedam pustula circa femur , vel brachium ad modum lenticule. Que ita inficiebat et penetrabat corpus, quod violenter spuebant sanguinem: quo sputo spuendo per triduum, incessanter sine aliqua cura curabili vitam expirabant; et non tantum moriebantur quicumque eis conversabantur, ymmo quicumque de rebus eorum 63) emeret, tangeret, seu affectaret. Messanenses vero cognoscentes dictam eorum repentinam mortem eis incurrere propter januensium galearum adventum, eos de portu et civitate predicta cum festinantia maxima expulerunt. Remansitque dicta infirmitas in civitate predicta, ex qua sequuta extitit immensa mortalitas. Et in tantum unus alium habebat exosum, quod si filius de morbo predicto infirmabatur, pater sibi adherere penitus recusabat; et si ad eum ausus esset appropinquare, adeo infectus erat morbo predicto, quod mortem nullatenus evadere poterat, quin per triduum suum spiritum non exalaret. Et non tantum solus ipse de domo moriebatur, sed omnes familiares in eadem domo astantes, catuli, et animalia in dicta domo existentia patrem familias mortui sequebantur. Et intantum mortalitas ipsa Messanensibus invaluit, quod petebant multi sacerdotibus confiteri sua peccata, et testamenta conficere, et sacerdotes, judices et notarii ad domos eorum accedere recusabant; et si aliqui ipsorum ad eorum hospitia ingrediebantur pro testamentis, et talibus conficiendis, mortem nullatenus repentinam poterant (p 83) evitare. Fratres vero Ordinis minorum et Predicatorum et aliorum ordinum accedere volentes ad domos infirmorum predictorum, et confitentes eisdem de eorum peccatis, et dantes eis penitentiam juxta velle sermus. divinam justitia, adeo letalis mors ipsos infecit, quod fere in eorum cellulis de eis aliqui remanserunt. Quid ultra? Cadavera stabant sola in hospitiis propriis, nullus sacerdos, filius, sive pater, atque consanguineus ausus erat in eisdem intrare, sed tribuebant bastatiis non modicam pensionem pro cadaveribus in sepultura deferendis predictis. Hospitia defunctorum remanebant aperta, et patentia cum omnibus jocalibus, pecunia, et thesauris; adeo ut si quis ingredi vellet, aditus a nullo proibitus erat. Nam tanta subito pestilentia exorta est, ut ministri quoque primum non sufficerent, deinde non essent. Quapropter Messanenses hunc casum terribilem et monstruosum intuentes, migrare de civitate quam mori potius elegerunt; et non solum in urbem veniendi, sed etiam appropinquandi ad eam negabatur. In aeris et in vineis extra civitatem cum eorum familiis statuerunt mansiones. Aliqui vero et pro majori parte in civitatem Catanie perrexerunt, confisi quod beata Cataniensis Agatha virgo eosdem tali infirmitate liberaret. Inclita regina Helisabeth regina Sicilie, existens in civitate Catanie, don Fridericum filium suum, qui in civitate Messane tunc temporis aderat, ad se festinante jussit venire; qui cum galeis venetorum Cataniam festinanter applicuit.
Chapter XXVII: On the sudden mortality that arose in the Kingdom of Sicily, the duration of that time, and what happened during that time Therefore, it happened that in the month of October in the year of our Lord's Incarnation 1347, around the beginning of October, twelve Genoese galleys, fleeing divine retribution which our Lord had sent upon them for their sins, docked at the port of the city of Messina. They brought with them a disease so deeply embedded in their bones that if anyone spoke with any of them, they were struck with a fatal illness from which they could not escape immediate death. The signs of death among the Genoese and those of Messina who interacted with them were such that, because of the infection from their breath, mingling with them universally, one infected another so that it seemed as if they were entirely shaken by pain, and in a way crushed by it; from this crushing pain and the infection from their breath, there arose pustules around the thigh or arm, like a lentil. These pustules infected and penetrated the body so violently that they coughed up blood; and with this coughing up of blood for three days, constantly without any cure, they expired; and not only did those who interacted with them die, but also anyone who bought, touched, or desired any of their belongings (page 563). The people of Messina, recognizing that this sudden death was befalling them because of the arrival of the Genoese galleys, expelled them from the port and the aforementioned city with the greatest haste. The aforementioned disease remained in the aforementioned city, resulting in immense mortality. To such an extent did one hate another, that if a son fell ill from the aforementioned disease, the father entirely refused to stay near him; and if he dared to approach him, he was so infected by the aforementioned disease that he could not escape death and would expire within three days. And not only did the individual in the house die, but all the family members present in the same house, including pets and animals in the house, followed the head of the dead family. The mortality increased so much among the people of Messina that many asked priests to confess their sins and make their wills, but priests, judges, and notaries refused to go to their houses; and if any of them entered their houses to make wills and other such documents, they could not avoid sudden death. Friars of the Order of Minors and Preachers and members of other orders, wishing to go to the houses of the aforementioned sick people, confessing their sins and giving them penance according to divine justice, were so lethally infected that almost none of them remained in their cells. What more? Corpses lay alone in their homes, no priest, son, father, or relative dared to enter them, but they paid considerable sums to others to bury the bodies. The houses of the deceased remained open and unguarded with all their jewels, money, and treasures; so that if anyone wished to enter, the entrance was prohibited by no one. Such a sudden pestilence arose that at first there were not enough servants, and eventually, there were none. Therefore, the people of Messina, seeing this terrible and monstrous event, chose to migrate from the city rather than die; and not only was it forbidden to come into the city, but also to approach it. They set up camps in the air and vineyards outside the city with their families. Some, and for the most part, went to the city of Catania, believing that blessed Agatha of Catania would free them from such an illness. The noble Queen Elisabetta, Queen of Sicily, residing in the city of Catania, hastily summoned her son Federico, who was then in the city of Messina, to come to her; and he hurried to Catania with Venetian galleys.
Procession to counter the outbreak of the Black Death in Messina fails.
Cap. 29: Quomodo Messanenses adcesserunt ad beatam Maria de Scalis cum sacerdotali officio; et que signa, et miracula apparuerunt ibidem et de mortalitate in civitate Catanie, et de morte Ducis Joannis. Messanenses vero de hujusmodi mira visione territi, miro modo sunt universaliter effecti timidi. Quapropter ad beatam Virginem de Scalis per miliaria sex a civitate Messane distantem, scalciatis pedibus, cum processione sacerdotali, comuniter ambulare statuerunt. Ad quam appropinquantes Virginem, omnes unanimiter in terris fixerunt devotissime genua, cum lacrimis, Dei et beate Virginis clamantes subsidium; et ingredientes in ecclesiam supradictam, devotis orationibus, et sacerdotali cantilena divina clamantes, miserere nostri Deus, quamdam ymaginem matris Dei sculpitam, ibidem antiquitus constitutam, propriis manibus appreenderunt. Quam in civitatem Messanem elegerunt ingredi facere, propter cujus visionem et ingressionem putabant demonia a civitate eicere, et a tali mortalitate penitus liberari. Propter quod elegerunt quendam sacerdotem ydoneum dictam ymaginem super quodam equo in brachiis suis honorifice apportare. Et reveretentes ad dictam civitatem cum ymagine supradicta, dicta sacra Dei mater, dum vidit et appropinquavit da dictam civitatem, adeo sibi exosam reputavit, et totaliter peccatis sanguinolentam, quod post tergum reversa, non tantum intrare noluit in civitatem, sed ipsam aborruit oculis intueri. Propter quod tellus aperta extitit in profundum, et equus, super quo dicta Dei matris ferebatur ymago, fixus et immobilis extitit sicut petra, et precedere, vel retrocedere non valebat.
Chapter 29: How the People of Messina Approached the Blessed Mary of the Stairs with Priestly Devotion; the Signs and Miracles that Appeared There; and the Plague in the City of Catania, Along with the Death of Duke John. The people of Messina, terrified by such a miraculous vision, were universally struck with great fear. Therefore, they resolved to walk barefoot, in a solemn priestly procession, to the Blessed Virgin of the Stairs, located six miles from the city of Messina. When they approached the Virgin, they all fell unanimously to their knees on the ground with great devotion, crying out with tears for the help of God and the Blessed Virgin. Entering the aforementioned church, they prayed devoutly and sang divine hymns with priestly chants, calling upon God with the words, "Have mercy on us, O God." In the church, they took hold of a carved image of the Mother of God, which had been placed there in ancient times. They decided to bring this image into the city of Messina, believing that her presence and entry into the city would drive out demons and completely free the city from the plague. To this end, they selected a suitable priest to carry the image with reverence in his arms on horseback. However, as they returned to the city with the sacred image, the Holy Mother of God, upon seeing and approaching the city, found it so abhorrent, deeming it bloodstained with sin, that she turned her face away. Not only did she refuse to enter the city, but she also avoided even looking at it. Because of this, the earth opened to a great depth, and the horse carrying the image of the Mother of God became fixed and immovable, like a rock, unable to advance or retreat.
Most plague refugees from Messina fail to enter Catania and spread the Black Death to Siracusa, Agrigento and Trapani.
Quid ultra? Adeo fuerunt abominabiles & timorosi, quod nemo cum eis loquebatur, nec conversabant, sed fugiebant velociter eorum visionem, eorum anelitus penitus recusantes, & quasi in derisione omnibus Cataniensibus sunt effecti. Et si aliquis eorum cum aliquo loquebatur, respondebat sibi vulgariter, non mi parlari ca si Missinisi, & nemo eos hospitabatur. Domos pro eorum habitaculis ad conducendum penitus non inveniebant. Et nisi quod Messanenses aliqui in civitate Catanie cum eorum familia habitantes eos clam hospitabantur, fuissent quasi omni auxilio destituiti. Disperguntur itaque Messanenses per univerfam insulam Sicilie, & pergentes in civitatem Siracusie, adeo illa egritudo sic infecit Siragusanos, quod diversos immo immensos letaliter interfecit; terra Xacce, terra Trapani, & civitas Agrigenti.
What more? They were so abominable and feared that no one would speak to them or interact with them; instead, people fled swiftly from their sight, completely avoiding their breath, and they became a subject of mockery to all the people of Catania. And if any of them spoke to someone, they would be answered rudely, "I don’t speak to those from Messina." No one would give them shelter. They could not find houses to rent as living quarters. If it had not been for some Messinese families living in the city of Catania who secretly hosted them, they would have been completely without help. Thus, the Messinese dispersed throughout the entire island of Sicily, and when they reached the city of Syracuse, the plague so thoroughly infected the Syracusans that it lethally afflicted many, even in great numbers. The lands of Sciacca, Trapani, and the city of Agrigento were similarly affected.
1347-10-00-Messina3# QUERYadfaade28ceff642a3c9eec785f18bee
1347-10-00-Messina3# QUERY2be35bddf08f1c4edcf3b6486acafe6b
Genoese galleys spread the Black Death in Genoa and Sicily.
Le galee de' Genovesi tornaro d'oltremare e da la città di Romania a dì ... di november e tornaro con molta infermità e corutione d'aria la quale era oltremare, in perrochè in quel paese d'oltremare morì in questo tenpo grande moltitudine di gente di morbo e pestilentia. Essendo gionte a Gienova le dette galee tenero per la Cicilia e lassorovi grande infermità e mortalità, che l'uno non potea socorare l'altro; e così gionti a Gienova di fatto v'attacoro il detto morbo e per questo tutti quelle navili furono tutti cacciati di Genova.
The galleys of the Genoese returned from overseas and from the city of Romania on dì ... of November, and returned with much infirmity and corruption of the air which was overseas, for in that overseas country a great multitude of people died of disease and pestilence at that time. When they reached Gienova, the said galleys sailed to Cicilia, and there they left great infirmity and mortality, so that the one could not support the other; and so when they reached Gienova, they attacked the said disease there, and for this reason all those galleys were expelled from Genoa.
Arrival of the Black Death in Genoa and spread across Italy; but Parma and Milan remain almost untouched
Nelle parti oltra mora per più sei mesi fu grandissima pestilenza, la quale dalle galee de' Genovesi fu portata in Italia; e furono a Genova ricevute del mese di Novembre le prefate galee, sulle quali, prima che arivassero a Genova, era morta di questa mala influenza la maggior parte di coloro, che vi erano sopra: il rimanente morì quasi subito che furono in Porto e patria loro, questa infermità si allargò nella Citta, & infiniti ne morivano il giorno, & in breve per ogni Città di Lombardia, di Toscana, della Marca, della Puglia, e per ogni terra d'Italia si estese. E fu grandissima due anni continui, per la quale molte Città d'Italia furono distrutte; e sole Parma, e Milano pochissimo ne senterono; ma si sparse oltra monti, in Provenza, in Francia, in Aragona, in Spagna, in Anglia, in Alemagna, in Boemia, in Ungheria.
In the parts beyond the sea, for more than six months, there was a great pestilence, which was brought to Italy by the Genoese galleys; and in November, the aforementioned galleys were received in Genoa, on which, before they arrived in Genoa, the majority of those on board had died from this bad influence: the rest died almost immediately upon reaching their port and homeland. This disease spread in the city, and countless people died each day, and soon it extended to every city in Lombardy, Tuscany, the Marches, Apulia, and throughout all of Italy. It was exceedingly severe for two continuous years, during which many cities in Italy were destroyed; only Parma and Milan felt it very little; but it spread beyond the mountains, into Provence, France, Aragon, Spain, England, Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary
Societal consequences of the Black Death across Italy
anzi tutto il Mondo sì Cristiani, com Infedeli ne furono infetti, e furono da servi, da' Medici, da' Notari, da' Preti, e Frati, abbandonati gl' Infermi, tal che non erano serviti nè curati, nè potevano testare, nè confessi o contriti assoluti morire i miseri Apestati. La cagione di ciò era, che subito che s'apressavano a gl'Infermi, cadevano in cotale disavventurata peste, e morivano per lo più di subito, tanto che molti insepolti restavano, e l'uno, e l'altro abbandonato laiciava, nè conoscevasi che Padre avesse Figluoli, nè Moglie Marito, nè Amico compagno, e quantunque molti ricchi morissero, non erano allora pronti gli heredi a cercare i posessi dell facultadi; anzi senza prezzo era tutta la richezza tenuta; nè più si conosceva gli avari avere l'oro più che la vita caro. Cosa horribile a vedere, che gli huomini abbandonando gli huomini, gli odi, le invidie, le lascive, le facoltà, l'amore terreno, tutti volti in timore d'horrida e spaventevole morte.
The whole world, both Christians and infidels, were infected, and the sick were abandoned by servants, doctors, notaries, priests, and friars, so that they were neither served nor cared for, nor could they make a will, nor die confessed or absolved, the miserable plague victims. The reason for this was that as soon as they approached the sick, they fell into such unfortunate pestilence and died almost immediately, so that many remained unburied, and one and the other abandoned each other, and it was not known that a father had children, nor a wife a husband, nor a friend a companion. And although many rich people died, the heirs were not then ready to seek their possessions; rather, all wealth was held without value, and it was no longer known that the avaricious held gold dearer than life. It was horrible to see that humans, abandoning humans, hatreds, envies, lusts, possessions, and earthly love, all turned to fear of a horrible and frightening death
Great mortality in the south of France, especially in Avignon.
Quo eciam tempore maxima mortalitas viguit in Grecia in Thurchia ac Lompardia Tussia ac in provincia Waschonia et in Francia, quod ville et civitates alique dicebantur incolis destitute. Nam in civitate Avenionensi a festo nativitatis domini [25.12.1347] usque ad festum omnium sanctorum [01.11.1348] cclxxx milia hominum decesserunt, inter quos sex cardinales duces fuerunt transeuntium de hoc mundo ad patrem.
During this time, there was also enormous mortality in Greece, Turkey, Lombardy, Tuscany and the province of Vashonia [Gascony] as well as in France, so that houses and cities were named that were without inhabitants. For in the city of Avignon, 280,000 people died from the Feast of the Nativity of the Lord [25 December 1347] to the Feast of All Saints [1 November 1348], including six cardinals who passed from this world to the Father.
The Black Death hits Apulia and other parts of Southern Italy like Calabria. King Louis the Great of Hungary flees back home from the epidemic outbreak
sequitur annus qui nostre salutis MCCCXLVIII numeratur, in quo pestis iam pridem cepta insigni strage per universam pene Italiam desevire cepit. Que, cum iam Brutios et Calabros ac universum Apulie Regnum inficere cepisset, et in dies magis obrepert, tantaque augmenteratur sevitia, ut solo contactu passim vulgaret morbos, et tabe ac pestifero odore inficeret validos, et egros biduo aut minori temporis spatio (p. 12) conficeret, ingens mortis formido Ludovicum, Ungarie regem, invasit, qua deterritus in Pannoniam aufugere quam celerrime constituit.
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, p. 262
King of Hungary left Apulia because of the plague and Joanna, wife of Duke Louis of Taranto returned to Naples and resubdued the country.
112.) Qualiter rex Ungarie recessit ab Apulia propter pestilenciam. Reverso autem propter pestilenciam Ungaro Iohanna relicta Andree fratris sui uxor de auxilio pape Neapolim revertitur, et eiectis Ungari fidelibus terra sibi iterum subiugatur, Wernhero de Urselingen Swevo, qui primo Ungaro adhesit et ab eo propter quandam suspicionem sibi falso impictam, ut dixit, licenciatus fuit, eidem Iohanne propter pecuniam assistente. Tribunus enim Urbis, fautor Ungari, disparens eo tempore non erat potens in Urbe. Vendidit autem ipsa Iohanna, quantum in ea fuit pape civitatem Avinionensem pro multa pecunie quantitate.
113.) How the King of Hungary left Apulia because of the plague. After the Hungarian had gone home on account of the prevailing plague, Joanna, the widow of his brother Andrew and wife of Duke Louis of Taranto, returned to Naples with the help of the pope, expelled the followers of the Hungarian, and resubdued the country, being assisted for money by Werner of Urslingen, a Swabian, who had formerly served the Hungarian (p. 171), but had been dismissed by him on account of what he said was an unjust suspicion. The tribune of Rome, the supporter of the Hungarian, had disappeared around this time and no longer had any power in Rome. Queen Joan, however, sold the city of Avignon to the pope for a large sum of money.
About the Black Death in Aquila and beyond.
Lasso questa materia, retorno a l’altra tema, / e comeme de dicere d’una crudele stema: / tamanta fo mortalleta, non è omo a chi non prema, / credo che le duj parti de la genta fo asema. / Ma no fu solu in Aquila, ma fo in ogni contrada, / no tanto fra Cristiani, m’a‘ Sarracini è stata; / sì generale piaga mai no fo recordata / dal tenpo del diluvio, della gente anegata.
I’ll leave this matter behind and change my topic / And it seems like talking about a great infortune / mortality was so great it preoccupied all people / I think two thirds of all people died. It wasn’t only in Aquila, but in all parts [of the world] / not only among Christians, but also with the Muslims. / nobody remembered such a general plague / since people drowned in the time of the deluge.
About the fear the Black Death in Aquila spread amongst doctors and how expensive medicine and medical products became.
E corsece uno dubio, ca mai lo odì contare, / che no volia li medeci l’infirmi visitare; / anche vetaro li omini che no lli deia toccare, / però che la petigine se lli potea iectare. Punamo che lli medici all’infirmi no giero, / ma pur de loro, dico, le duj parti morero; / li speziali medemmo che llo soperchio vennero, / de questa granne piaga più che li altri sentero. Mai no foro sì care cose de infermaria: / picciolu pollastregliu quatro solli valia, / e l’obu a duj denari e atri se vennia, / della poma medemmo era gra‘ carestia. Cose medicinali ongi cosa à passato, / ché l’oncia dello zuccaro a secte solli è stato; / l’oncia delli tradanti se‘ solli è conperato, / e dello melecristo altro tanto n’è dato. La libra dell’uva passa tri solli se vennia, / li nocci delle manole duj solli se dagia / dece vaca de mori un denaro valia, / quanno n’aviano dudici bo‘ derrata paria.
As I said even the doctors refuse to see the ill / and yet, I tell you, two third of them died, too / and also the pharmacists selling medicine / felt this great plague more than others. As I said even the doctors refuse to see the ill / and yet, I tell you, two third of them died, too / and also the pharmacists selling medicine / felt this great plague more than others. Never before had medicine been so expensive: / Small, young chicken costed four soldi each / an eggs were sold for two to three soldi / and there was general dearth of apples. Medical products became expensive beyond any limit / one ounce of sugar costed seven soldi / one ounce of dragante (medical resin) rose to six soldi / and medical sugery syrup was even more expensive. One pound of grapes rose to three soldi / almonds were sold for two soldi / Ten blackberries costed one penny / and if you could have twelve it seemed like a good price.
About how wax became expensive and was regulated in use during funeral cerimonies while the Black Death ravaged in Aquila.
E della cera, dico, credo che abiate intiso, / se ne fosse u‘ romeio, lo quale vi fo priso: / a lo quarto de l’omini no fora ciro aciso / se omo avesse u‘ firino nella libra dispiso. Fo facto una ordenanza: che li homini acactasse / le ciri delle iclese e co‘ quilli pasasse, / e li altri poverelli canele no portasse: / dalle eclescie tolzéseli e li clirici acordasse. L’uomo che solia avere trenta libre de cera, / co‘ tre libra passavase per questa lor manera, / co‘ meza libra l’uomo che povero era; / acordava li clerici la domane o la sera. LCon tucto ’sto romegio la cera fo rencarata; / a vinti solli la libra li omini à conparata, / a dicidocto e a sidici, a dicisecte è stata, / quanno revende a quinici fo tenuta derrata. Anche a quisto romegio la cera no vastava, / se no fosse quillu ordine che li clerici usava; / con tanto pocatellio lu morto s’ofiziava, / tri volte le canele alla caia apicciava.
And when it comes to wax, as you might have guessed, / there was no remedy to be found: / A quarter of all people had no acces to wax at all / (unclear translation) There was an ordinance: People should accept / the wax from churches, what was assigned to them / and all the other poor should have no candles: / they should take it from tchurches, the clergy agreed. A man who used to have thirty pounds of wax / now had only three pounds in this manner / and a poor man only half a pound of wax. / The funeral took place the same or the next day, as clergy agreed upon. With all this regulation, wax became expensive: / people bought it for twenty soldi a pound / it had been between sixteen and eighteen, / if you could buy it for fifteen, you were lucky. But also with this regulation, the wax was not sufficient, / if the clergy hadn’t established another order: / With so little the funeral had to take place, / that candles were lit only three times during the ceremony.
About changing participation of funeral ceremonies while the Black Death ravaged Aquila.
Quanno era l’uomo morto, ch’a santi lu portavano, / infi‘ ch’era a la ’clesia, clirici no cantavano, / e poi ch’erano dentro, così poco pasavano: / duj versi e duj respunzi e poi lu socterravano. Anche fu uno statuto: a l’omo che moresse / chi visse no sonasse che omo nos se inpauresse, / e fore de castellio omo a morto no gesse, / accìo che li corructi la gente no sentesse. Or vi dirrò lu mudo ch’era no correctare: / a un citolu de lacte più se solea fare; / de granni della terra, quanno potia adunare / vinti persone insemora, pariali troppo fare. No se tenia lu modo che sse solia tenere; / lu dì che morio l’omo, faceanolu jacere / perfi‘ a l’altra domane, per più onore avere, / le castella invitavaci che gisse a conparere. Quanno fo ’sta mortauta, nell’ora che moria, / in quel’ora medemma in ecclesia ne gia; / in quillu dì medemmo vigilia non avia, / non era chi guardarelu, però se sopellia.
And when the dead person was taken to church / the clergy didn’t sing until they reached it / and once they were inside, they really did little: / two verses and two responsories and then they buried the dead person. There was another statute: For the dead person / no bells were rung as people might feel afraid / and people shouldn’t leave their homes for funerals / as they shouldn’t smell the dead (?). And now let me tell you about the funeral ceremony: / more people participated in the funeral of a small child / than in those of important people from the city / if there were 20 people, it was already large. And this was so different from before the plague: / if one died, he was lying in his house / for up to two days, as this was more honor / and people arrived also from outside town to pay their respect. During this epidemic, when a person had just died / in the same hour he was taken to church already / there was no wake on the same day / nobody present with the body, but he was buried
About duration of the illness and help for the sick duringt the Black Death in Aquila.
Una gra‘ pigitate ch’era delli amalati, / era delli parenti che li erano mancati; / non era chi guardarli a tante necessitati; / tri carlini la femena chiedea li dì passati. Facio Dio una grazia delle amalanzie corte, / che uno dì, duj , tri durava male forte, / e quatro allo più alto chi era disposto a morte; / d’aconciarese l’anima le ienti erano acorte. (...) La granne pïetate si fo de li amalati / ca era apocati li omini, non erano procurati; / chi conperava guardia per essere aiutati, / lu dì e la nocte femena, petia tri grillati.
One should piety those ill persons / who had no parents or relatives left / nobody took care of their needs / and helping women costed three carlini each day. A short illness was considered a divine favour / who suffered violently one, two three days / and a maximum of four days until death / people were aware to save their souls. (...) It was pitiful with all the sick people / as so few remained, they were not taken care for / whoever payed people to get help / a women for day and night, paid three carlini
About practices of making testaments during the Black Death in Aquila.
Tamanta era paura, che onde omo tremava / la morte ciaschesuno ongi iurnno aspectava; / più che del corpo, l’omo de l’anima penzava; / quanno era sano e salvo, chi savio era testava. Or chi vedesse prescia a iudici e notari, / che era nocte e iurnno dalli testamentari; / e illi consideranno petiano asai denari / testemoni medemmo, a trovare erano cari Quanno omo cercavali e quilli demanavano: / ‚E scricto lo testamento?‘ se nno, ca no ci anavano; / si dicea ch’era scricto, allora s’abiavano; / no che daventro intrasero, m’a la porta rogavano. Anche vi mecto in dicere que conmenente è stato, / quanno fo la mortauta, se l’uomo avia testato / con iudici e notari e testemonij rogato, / se tosto non era in carta de coro publicato. Se omo a duji jornni o a tri regia per lu stromento, / de iudici e notari trovava impedimento, / c’alcuno era amalato o era in falimento, / o qualche testemonio gito era al gra‘ convento. Chi volea lo rogo fare relevare, / lo notaro un florino volea adomandare; / tanto petea lo iudice per volerse senare, / l’omo poi accordavase, se non potea altro fare.
So large was fear, that everybod trembled / And expected to die any day / people were more preoccupied with their souls / and made their testaments as they were still healthy. You have seen how hastily people went to judges and notaries / to make their testaments day and night. / and those asked high prices, considering the risk / and it was expensive to find the necessary witnesses. When people searched them and the witnesses asked: / ‚Is the testament written?‘ If no, they didn’t come / if it was written, they agreed to come / but didn’t enter the house, just talked at the door. And I wanted to tell how it was in general / during the mortality when testaments were made / with jugdes and notaries and witnesses asked / if the document wasn’t published immediately. If a man returned after some days to get the testament / he found the judge or notarly not available / as some where ill or already about to die / or some withness had passed away. Who wanted to secure the juridical act / had to pay the notary a florin (gold coin) / so he would ask the judge to sign immediately / people accepted this, there was no other way.
About the wealthy survivors of the Black Death in Aquila.
Li pochi che remasero, ciascuno ricco era, / per l’anima de‘ morti ne davana a rivera, / li clirici godiano la domane e la sera, / e ariccaro li urdini e tucte monastera. Li laici medemmo gaudiano volentero, / c’aveano delle cose p’ongi loro mistero; / per tanto poco preczo multe cose vennéro, / tre tanto vale mo: credateme ch’è vero. Quanno fo la mortauta, anni mille correa / e trecento e quaranta octo, così be‘ Dio ci dea; / tamanta fo paura che onn’omo temea, / multo altrugio renniose, chi morire credea. Chi facia testamento, null’omo che testava, / né parente né amico già no lli demannava / che cobelli lassaseli, ca no se nne curava, / le cose avia per niente c’a morir se pensava. O quante penetute de questo vi so‘ state, / che non se provedero de ’ste cose passate, / che ricchi potiano essere delle cose lassate, / che invidia hebbero a chi de ciò sono ariccate.
The few who surved were all rich then / for the souls of the deceased they gave a lot / the clergy took advantage of this day and night / and religious house and monasteries got rich. But also lay people profited a lot / to their surprise, they had everything now / prices were suddenly so low for many things. / hardly a third; you can believe me. When the mortality was, in the year thousand / and threehundred and forty eight, as the good Lord decided (?) / as everybody was full of fear / much was given to who had feared to die. One had made a testament, or had ben a witness / had no parent or friend left / who could be made a heir / as he had feared to die in vain. Oh how much penitence was achieved / by those who didn’t accept goods then / how rich could they have got from the inheritance / what envy they had for those who enriched themselves.
Social and moral effects of the Black Death in Aquila: New marriages and people leaving monastic communities, becoming greedy and mad in the eyes of the chronicler.
Scorta la mortaute, li omini racelaro; / quili che non l’aveano la mollie se pilliaro / e lle femene vidove sì sse remaritaro: / iuvini, vecchie e citule a questo modo annaro. No tanto altre femene, vizoche e religiose, / multe jectaro lo abito e vidile fare spose, / e multi frati dell‘ ordine oscire per queste cose, / omo de cinquanta anni la citula piliose. Tamanta era la prescia dello rimaritare, / che tante per iorno erano, no se poria contare; / non aspectava domeneca multi per nocze fare; / non se facian conzienzia de cose ch’eran care. (...) La iente fo mancata e l’avarizia cresciuta; / danunca era femina ch’avesse dote manzuta; / da l’uomo che più potea da quello era petuta, / peio ci fo che questo, c’alcuna fo raputa. Demente erano uscite da quelle gra‘ paure / della corte malanze con le bianullie dure, / de sadisfare l’animo poco era chi se cure, / a crescere ad ariccare puneano studio pure.
When mortality came to an end, people felt relief / those who had no wife, looked for one / and the widows married again / young, old and children behaved the same way. And other women, even nuns / threw away their clothes and they became brides / and many friars left their order for the same reason / and men of fifty years married young girls. So large was this urge to marry again / so many marriages a day you couldn’t count it: / They didn’t wait for Sundays to marry / and they ignored how expensive everything had got. (...) People had become less, but greed increased; / every women had an extraordinary dowry, / and she married the man who could provide most, worst of all, some were even robbed (?). In a state of madness they had left the great fear / of the rapid disease with the hard buboes / to satisfy their souls if they had been cured / they turned their minds to enrich themselves only.
A general dearth of foodstuffs and other goods after the Black Death in Aquila.
Chi vedesse la che se vennia a macellio! / Giamaj i‘ nulla citade no llo vidi sì bellio; / tante some ne ’sciano che paria u‘ ribellio; / chi non avia denari, ’cidease lu porcellio. Come fo gra‘ mercato, inanti, delle cose, / così se rencaro, dico, per queste spose; / panni e arigento e quello che allora abesongiose, / eranto tante care che se veneano oltragiose. Secte carlini viddi dare inelli pianilli, / cinque e quatro carlini e sei nelli cercelli, / e quatro e cinque solli jo ci vidi li anelli, / delli panni no dicovi, ca foro cari velli.
And incredible how people ran to the butcher! / They had never been so rich in any city before: / They all ran for meat as if there was a riot / who didn’t have money, killed his own piglings How big demand there was for all things / that’s why it became so expensive for weddings / cloth and all kinds of things you would need / became expensive beyond all limits Seven carlini for shoes / Four to six carlini for round earrings / four to five soldi for a little lamb / and I won’t mention linen, as is was so expensive
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, pp. 421-422.
Origins of the Black Death beyond the sea, its way via Naples to Montpellier and Marseille, and its impact in Avignon.
Postea, videlicet anno Domini MCCCXLIX., [p. 422] presertim in partibus ultramarinis et aliis vicinis, qualis a tempore diluvii non est facta, aliquibus terris hominibus penitus vacuatis multisque trieribus in mari cum mercimoniis, habitatoribus extinctis, sine rectore repertis. Marsilie episcopus cum toto capitulo et quasi omnes Predicatores et Minores cum dupla parte inhabitancium perierunt. Quid in Monte Pessulano, in Neapoli et aliis regnis et civitatibus actum sit, quis narraret? Multitudinem moriencium Avinione in curia, contagionem, morbi, ex qua sine sacramentis perierant homines et nec parentes filiorum nec e contra nec socii sociorum nec famuli dominorum curam habuerant, quot domus cum omni suppellectile vacue fuerunt, quas nullus ingredi audebat, horror est scribere vel narrare! Nulla fuit ibi causarum agitacio. Papa inclusus camere habenti ignes magnos continue nulli dabat accessum. Terrasque hec pestis transibat, nec poterant philosophantes, quamvis multa dicerent, certam de hiis dicere racionem, nisi quod Dei esset voluntas. Hocque nunc hic, tunc ibi per integrum annum immo pluries continuabantur.
Later, namely in the year of our Lord 1349, especially in overseas regions and other neighboring places, such devastation occurred as had not been seen since the time of the flood, with entire lands emptied of people and many ships left in the sea with their cargoes, their inhabitants extinct, and no leader found. The Bishop of Marseille, with his entire chapter, and almost all the Dominicans and Franciscans, along with half of the inhabitants, perished. Who could recount what happened in Montpellier, in Naples, and other kingdoms and cities? The multitude dying in Avignon, the contagion, the disease from which people died without sacraments, neither parents for their children nor vice versa, nor companions for each other, nor servants for their masters, had care, how many houses were left vacant with all their furnishings, which no one dared to enter— it is horrifying to write or tell! There was no debate of causes there. The Pope, confined to his chamber with large fires continually burning, granted access to no one. And this plague spread across lands, and philosophers, though they spoke much, could not give a certain explanation of these things, except that it was the will of God. And thus, now here, then there, throughout the entire year, indeed repeatedly, it continued..
The Pope Clement VI. made a great indulgence for all the repentant christians in times of the Black Death.
Della 'ndulgenzia diede il papa per la detta pistolenza. In questi tempi della mortale pestilenzia papa Clemento sesto fece grande indulgenza generale della pena di tutti i peccati a coloro che pentuti e confessi la domandavano al loro confessoro, e morivano: e in quella certa mortalità catuno Cristiano credendosi morire si disponea bene, e con molta contrizione e pazienzia rendevano l’anima a Dio.
Of the indulgence given by the pope for the said pestilence. In these times of the deadly plague, Pope Clement the Sixth made a great general indulgence of the punishment of all sins to those who repented and confessed and asked their confessor, and died: and in that certain mortality, each Christian believing himself to be dying, disposed himself well, and with much contrition and patience rendered his soul to God.
Arivval of the Black Death in many cities and regions of Southern France and Italy and consequences like changing burial habits, collapsing social bonds and abandoned settlements.
Eodem anno (1348) in Avinione, Marsilia, Monte Pessulano, urbibus Provincie, immo per totam Provinciam, Vasconiam, Franciam per omnemque mediterranei maris oram usque in Ytaliam et per urbes Ytalie quam plurimas, puta Bononiam, Ravennam, Venetias, Januam, Pisas, Lucam, Romam, Neapolim, Messanam et urbes ceteras epydimia tam ingens, atrox et seva violenter incanduit, quod in nullo dispar sexu, in etate nulla dissimilis, masculos et feminas, senes et juvenes, plebem et nobiles, pauperes, divites et potentes, precipue tamen plebem et laycos generali fedaque tabe delevit. Interimque lues oborta populum conripuit et depopulata est, ut in plerisque locis ministri sepeliendorum funerum primum multitudine cadaverum gravarentur, post difficulter invenirentur, post non sufficerent, et tandem penitus non essent. Jam etiam magne domus et parve per totas urbes, immo et urbes quam plures vivis hominibus vacue remanserunt et mortuis plene. In urbibus et domibus et campis et locis aliis opes et possessiones copiosissime, sed nulli penitus possessores. Denique tam sevi tabescentium etiam sub tectis et in stratis suis cadaverum putores exalabant, quod non solum in urbibus ipsis vivendi, sed etiam ad ipsas terras et urbes appropinquandi per duo milia passuum non erat facultas hominibus, nis inficerentur, subito (p. 274) corriperentur, post triduum morerentur, et jam nec sepilrentur. Et, ut paucis expediam, tam ingens, tam pestifer ignis epydimalis conflagravit, ut non, quantum hominum in partibus illis absumpserit, sed quantum reliquerit, inquirendum videatur. Vir uxorem et uxor virum, mater filiam et illa matrem, pater filium et e converso, frater sororem et illa fratrum et sororem, et postremo quilibet quemlibet amicum tabescere incipientem contagionis timore reliquit.
In the same year (1348), in Avignon, Marseille, Montpellier, the cities of Provence, indeed throughout entire Provence, Gascony, France, along every coast of the Mediterranean Sea up to Italy, and through many cities of Italy, such as Bologna, Ravenna, Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Lucca, Rome, Naples, Messina, and countless other cities, an epidemic so immense, fierce, and cruelly violent broke out that it spared no one of any sex, age, neither male nor female, nor exempt from any age group, afflicting men and women, old and young, commoners and nobles, the poor, the rich, and the powerful, especially the common people and laypersons, with a general and foul contagion. Meanwhile, the plague that had arisen seized the people and laid waste to them, so that in many places those responsible for burying the dead were first overwhelmed by the multitude of corpses, then one struggled to find them, later there were insufficient of them, and finally they couldn't be found at all. Now, both large and small houses throughout the cities, indeed, even many cities, were left empty of living people and full of the dead. In the cities, houses, fields, and other places, riches and possessions were abundant, but there were no owners anywhere. Finally, such a severe contagion of those wasting away caused the stench of corpses to waft even under roofs and in their beds, such that not only was there no opportunity for people to live in the cities themselves, but even approaching the lands and cities within a distance of two miles was impossible for people, unless they got infected, suddenly seized (p. 274) and died after three days. They were no longer buried. And, to summarize briefly, such a great, such a deadly epidemic fire raged that it seems not only necessary to investigate how many people it consumed in those regions, but how many it left behind. A husband abandoned his wife, and a wife her husband; a mother her daughter, and she her mother; a father his son, and vice versa; a brother his sister, and she her brothers and sisters; and, finally, everyone abandoned anyone at the first sign of the disease's spreading out of fear of contagion.
About the outbreak of the Black Death in the East and the arrival of the plague in Sicily and Avignon. People flee from the plague because of the infected air.
Anno Domini MCCCXLVIII. Tempore hyemali vel circa principium veris in partibus ultramarinis exorta est mortalitas seu pestilencia tam grandis, quod infinitam et inestimabilem multitudinem infidelium absorbuit et absumpsit. Que derivata ad terras cristicolarum maxime in locis maritimis, precipue tamen in Sicilia, innumerabilem populum prostravit. Fertur, quod in quadragesima circa Marsiliam urbem et Avionem tam crudeliter endinia sevierit, quod infra spacium unius mensis XVI milia hominum obierint. Immo, ut dicitur, tantum in Avione excessit, quod vivi homines non sufficiebant defunctorum corpora tumulare et [p. 276] ideo tandem in fluvium Rodanum certatim proiciebantur. Fertur insuper, quod papa pestem hanc de Avione ad aliam civitatem fugerit. Nichilominus fama testante in Sicilia homines de Messana metropoli et de aliis quam plurimis civitatibus, in quibus mors prevaluit, relictis eis vacuis fugierunt ad montana se transferentes, ut ibi salubri aere hausto contagiosum in civitatibus captum emitterent et eflarent. In Messana urbe Sicilie memorata de LX fratribus Minoribus conventualibus brevi spacio temporis XXX mox mortis furia de medio sublati sunt. Quo viso superstites conventu illo relicto ad loca se alia contulerunt. Predicta, scilicet terre motus et pestilencia, precurrencia mala sunt extreme voraginis et tempestatis secundum verbum salvatoris in ewangelio dicentis: "Erunt terre motus per loca et pestilencia et fames" et cetera.
In the year of our Lord 1348, at the time of winter or early spring, there was such a great mortality or plague overseas that it devoured and destroyed an infinite and incalculable number of unbelievers. It spread in the Christian areas, but mainly in coastal regions, especially in Sicily, where it struck down countless numbers of people. It is reported that during Lent, a plague raged around the cities of Marseille and Avignon that was so cruel that sixteen thousand people died within a month. It is even said that it became so bad in Avignon that there were not enough living people to bury the corpses, [p. 276] and they were therefore finally eagerly thrown into the river Rhône. It is also reported that the pope fled from Avignon to another city to escape this plague. Nevertheless, according to reports in Sicily, people fled from the metropolis of Messina and many other cities where death was rampant, leaving them empty and taking refuge in the mountains to expel the infected air from the cities and breathe it out. In the city of Messina in Sicily, thirty of the sixty Friars Minor of the convent were snatched from life by the fury of death within a short space of time. When the survivors saw this, they left the convent and travelled to other places.These events, namely earthquakes and pestilence, are harbingers of extreme evils and storms, as it says in the Gospel: "There will be earthquakes in various places and pestilence and famine" etc.
All the Carmelites and conventual brothers of the Eremites in Messina were killed.
In predicta pestilencia omnes Carmelite et omnes fratres Heremitarum conventuales in Messana civitate Sicilie memorata morte absumpti sunti.
In the aforementioned plague, all the Carmelites and all the conventual brothers of the Eremites in Messina, the Sicilian city mentioned above, were killed.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 516
Following astrological phenomena a formerly unheard of epidemic raged in Bohemia as well as in other parts of the world (Christian and pagan) for 14 years. And there was no hideout from it neither in the lowlands nor on the mountains and many people died.
Eodem anno die XVII Ianuarii fuit eclipsis lune, et coniunccio quorundam malivolorum planetarum, ex quibus coniunccionibus et malis constellacionibus orta est inaudita epidimia seu pestilencia hominum in universo mundo et duravit tam in Boemia quam in aliis mundi partibus per XIIII annos proxime sequentes, et iam ibi, iam illic in terris christianorum et paganorum ubique. Nec erat alicubi refugium, quia sicut in planis sic in montibus et silvis homines moriebantur. In omnibus locis fiebant foveae grandes et plures singulis annis predictis, in quibus moriencium corpora sepeliebantur. Talis pestilencia et ita longa nunquam fuit a seculo.
In the same year on January 17 there was a eclipse of the moon and a malevolent conjunction of the planets and resulting from these conjunctions and bad constellations there was an unheard of epidemic or human plague in the whole world which lasted as well in Bohemia as in other parts of the world for 12 successive years at one time here at another there everywhere in the Christian and pagan lands. There was nowhere a hidout to be found, but as well on the flat land as in the mountains and forests the people died. In all places numerous and large grave pits where made in every single of the above mentioned years, in which the dead bodies where buried. Such a plague that lasted to long had never happend in this age.
Following the report on the 1348 plague, Beneš Krabice of Weitmil speaks of Flagellants who came from Germany (perversi viri de Alamania) to Bohemia. They preached to the people and seduced many simple people to follow them in their erroneous doings.
Eodem anno venerunt in Boemiam quidam perversi viri de Alamania, qui se se flagellabant in conspectu hominum, et sibi mutuo, videlicet laicus laico, confitebantur peccata sua et penitencias iniungebant et predicabant ad populum et multos simplices decipiebant.
In this year arrived in Bohemia thos perverted men from Germany which flagelliated themselves and each other under the eyes of the people. The layman confessed his sins to the laymend and received the penance and they preach to the folk and many simple people were tricked.
Maxima et inaudita mortalitas fuit Bononiae, quae vocata fuit et semper vocabitur la mortalega grande, quia numquam fuit aliqua similis. Et incoepit de mense maji et duravit per totum annum et fere fuit per totum mundum et tam magna, quod duae partes ex tribus partibus personarum firmiter decesserunt; inter quos decesserunt duo doctores bononienses per totum mundum famosissimi, videlicet dominus Johannes Andreae, decretorum, et dominus Jacobus de Butrigariis, legum doctores
The greatest and unprecedented mortality was in Bologna, which was called and will always be called "the great mortality," because there was never anything like it. It began in the month of May and lasted for the whole year, and it was nearly worldwide and so severe that two out of every three people certainly died. Among those who died were two of the most famous doctors in the world from Bologna, namely, Master Johannes Andreae, a doctor of decrees, and Master Jacobus de Butrigariis, a doctor of law
Fu il maggior terramtto che mai fosse stato al mondo il giorno della Conversione di San Paolo, e poi tutta la stade fu gran mortalitade per tutto il mondo, e morevano gl'huomini d'un enfiasone, che li veniva sotto la lasina overo nel' angonara, e puoco stavano amalati.
It was the greatest landfall that had ever been in the world on the day of the Conversion of St Paul, and then the whole stade was great mortality throughout the world, and men were dying of emphasisation, which came to them under the leaves or in the 'angonara', and they were sick.
Francis of Prague, Chronicon Francisci Pragensi, ed. Jana Zachová, Prague 1997, p. 204f.
After descrbing the effects of the Black Death in many parts of Europe, Francis states on Bohemia: Students travelling from Bologna to Bohemia saw a lot of dead and severely ill people. Most of the students died as well already on the way.
Eodem tempore quidam studentes de Bononia versus Boemian transeuntes viderunt, quod in civitatibus et in castellis pauci homines vivi remanserunt et in aliquibus omnes defuncti fuerunt, in multis quoque domibus, qui vivi remanserant et egritudine oppressi, unus alteri non potuit porrigere haustum aque, nec in aliquo ministrare, et sic in magna affliccione et anxietate decedebant. Sacerdotes quoque ministrantes sacramenta et medici egris medicamenta ab ipsis inficiebantur et moriebantur et plurimi sacerdotibus mortuis sine confessione et sacramentis ecclesie de hac vita migraverunt. Facte sunt autem fosse magne, late et profunde, in quibus corpora defunctorum sepeliebantur. In locis quoque pluribus infectus aer plus inficiebatur — qui plus nocet quam cibus corruptus — ex putredine cadaverum, quia non remansit superstes, qui sepeliret. Verumtamen de prefatis studentibus nisi unus fuit Boemian reversus sodalesque sui in via decesserunt.
At that time, certain students who were travelling from Bologna towards (versus) Bohemia saw that few humans remained alive in the cities and castles and in some, all were dead. In many houses, those who survived were so overcome by the disease that one could not carry a drink of water to another nor care for another in any way. Thus they withdrew in great torment and anguish. Priests ministering the sacraments and medics supplying medicaments got infected and died and many priests died without confession and the sacraments of the church and they moved away from this life. And in many places, the air became further infected from the rotting of corpses, becoming a greater threat than spoiled food, as no one survived to bury them. Of these students, only one returned to Bohemia. His companions died along the way.
Outbreak of the Black Death caused by severe earthquake in Villach and meteorite impacts in Catalonia.
In Italia e per tuto el mondo circha l'ora del vespero fuoron grandissimi tremoti, adì xxv de zenaro; el quale tremoto fuo sentito per tuto el mondo e maximamente in le parte da Charentana, dove è una citade nome Villach, la quale tuta somerse per lo dicto tremoto. Et fuo contato e scripto per merchadanti che nelle parte del Chatai piovete grandissima quantitade de vermi e de serpenti li quali devoravano grandissima quantitade de gente. Ancora in quelle contrade, tra el Chatai e Persia, piovete fuogo de celo a modo de neve, el quale brusoe li monti e lla terra e gli uomini, el quale fuogo faceva fumo tanto pestelenciale, che chi sentiva quello fumo, moriva infra spacio de xii [p. 585] hore; a(n)cora chi guardava quelli ch'erano venenati da quello fumo pestelenciale eciamdio morivano. Et advenne che doe galee de' Gienonesi passando per la dicta contrata fuorono inficiati de quella pestilencia e commenciarono a morire, et pervenuti in Costantinopoli e in Pera comenciano quelle galleoti a parlare con quelli de Constantinopoli e de Pera. Et incontente comenciò la mortalitade in quelle citade, per tale modo che ne morirono li dui terzi de le persone; e andate quelle doe galee in Sicilia e in Missina, apicione la mortalicha in quelle contrade, dove morìo circha vcxxx milia persone; e una cità de quelle reame, nome Trapani, remase desabitata per quella pestilencia, e nella citade de Gienoa morirono circha xl millia persone; ancora la cità de Marsilia remase quasi dexabitata per la dicta pestilencia, la quale pestilencia fuo per tuto el mundo. Et in quello anno, in lo dì de la nativitade de Yhesu Christo, apparve uno fuogho in celo, overo in l'aere, el quale teneva da [p. 586] levante a ponente. E ne le parte de Chatelogna' cadde da celo iii petre grandissime, e quelli de quella contrada mandarono una de quelle petre suso uno mullo al re de Chatelogna. [...] [p. 587] E per quelle ch'io trovo, quella pestilencia fuo generale per tuto el mundo, unde fuo scripto per merchadanti che in uno dì in la cità de Parise ne fuoron sepeliti mille trecento vinte octo, e molte cità de Franza e de oltra monti erano remase quase dexabitade per quella pestilencia; e de Venesia e de Chioza fuo contato che ogne dì morivano viC huomeni, e similmente fuo dicto de Pisa.
In Italy and throughout the world, around the hour of vespers on the 25th of January, there were very great earthquakes; this earthquake was felt throughout the world and especially in the region of Carinthia, where there is a city named Villach, which was entirely submerged by said earthquake. It was reported and written by merchants that in the region of Cathay there fell a great quantity of worms and serpents which devoured a vast number of people. Furthermore, in those regions, between Cathay and Persia, fire fell from the sky like snow, which burned the mountains, the land, and the men; this fire produced such a pestilential smoke that anyone who inhaled it died within twelve hours. Moreover, those who looked at those poisoned by that pestilential smoke also died. It happened that two Genoese galleys passing through the said region were infected by that pestilence and began to die, and upon arriving in Constantinople and Pera, those sailors began to speak with the people of Constantinople and Pera. Immediately, the mortality began in those cities, in such a manner that two-thirds of the people died; and when those two galleys arrived in Sicily and Messina, they spread the plague in those regions, where about 530,000 people died; and a city in that kingdom, named Trapani, was left uninhabited due to that pestilence, and in the city of Genoa about 40,000 people died; also the city of Marseille was almost depopulated due to the said pestilence, which was present throughout the world. And in that year, on the day of the Nativity of Jesus Christ, a fire appeared in the sky, or rather in the air, stretching from east to west. In the region of Catalonia, three very large stones fell from the sky, and the people of that region sent one of those stones on a mule to the king of Catalonia. [...] And from what I found, that pestilence was general throughout the world, for it was written by merchants that in one day in the city of Paris, 1,328 people were buried, and many cities in France and beyond the mountains were almost depopulated due to that pestilence; and it was reported from Venice and Chioggia that every day 600 men died, and similarly it was said of Pisa.
1348-00-00-Catalonia# QUERY2dddf63c7d1bf6ee0833fc77fdc78a50
1348-00-00-Catalonia# QUERYa8c12bc907ded5ca9fc357e0ac8b0edd
In parts of Cathai it rained worms and snakes
Eodem millesimo (1348), in partibus Captay pluit in maxima copia vermium et serpentium qui devoraverunt maximam quantitatem gentium et quoscumque homines, homines vel feminas, tangebat aqua, subito moriebantur
Konstanzer Weltchronik 1869, pp. 229-231
The Jews were accused of poisoning the water in 1348 and as a consequence were killed. In the following year 1349 the flagellants movement arose and traveled through the lands and were forbidden by Pope Clement VI.
Von gottes gepurd MCCC und XLVIII jar kam ein plag uber die juden und burden geczigen, sy hetten basser und prunnen vergift, und burden ir gar vil in vil landen und in steten verprant. Und ist versechenlich, das ir der maist tail sey verbrant borden durch irsz gücz willen etc. (p. 230) Bey den zeitten do man zalt von gottes gepurdt MCCC und XLVIIII jar stund ein fromde bunderliche geschelschaft auff von purgern und von pawren, die giengen durch vil landt und stet mit creuczen und mit vannen und sungen deucze lieder und predigten und gaisleten sich selber vil und vast und vielen nider auf -, peichten und absolvirten selber an ein ander und hielten und geputen vil an ein ander czw halten bunderliche ding und falsch weise und articel wider cristen gelauben und czugen an sich beib und man, arm und reich, das ir zw leczt gar vil bardt und maintenn etlich, ir ber bey zway (p. 231) und vierczig tausent person, aber der vorgenant pabst Clemens der sechst der best bol, das ir beisz nit gerecht was, da gepot er durch alle landt, wer den selben ungelauben fuert und sich offenlich gaislet, das man den vachen und püssen solt, und zergieng da die selb geschelschaft da gar pald.
In the year of Our Lord 1348, a plague came upon the Jews, and they were accused of poisoning water and wells. Many of them were burned in various lands and cities. It is certain that the majority of them were burned because of their wealth. (p. 230) </ br>In the year of Our Lord 1349, a strange and miraculous society arose among the citizens and peasants, who traveled through many lands and cities with crosses and banners, singing german songs and preaching. They whipped themselves severely and excessively, and many of them fell to the ground, confessing and absolving one another. They held and professed many miraculous things, in a false way and contrary to Christian belief. They recruited many women and men, poor and rich, and eventually their numbers grew to over forty-two (p. 231) thousand people. However, Pope Clement VI, realizing that their beliefs were not just, issued a decree throughout all the lands that anyone who followed this unbelief and publicly flogged themselves should be punished. Consequently, this society quickly dispersed.
Template:Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899, p. 485
The Black Death in Erfurt kills 12.000 people, who are buried in mass graves in Neuses.
Dez selbin jares was groez sterbin; alleiniz zue Erforte storbin zwolf tusent menschin, die da gevuert worden uf den karren zue Nueseße ane die in der stat heimelichen begrabin worden und in den dorferen die umme die stat lagen. Dese lute storibin dazu meiste teil an den drueßen.
In the same year, there was a great mortality; alone in Erfurt, twelve thousand people died, who were brought to Neuses on carts and wagons. Not included are those who were secretly buried in the city or in the villages surrounding it. These people mostly died due to glandular swellings.
Preface to Gabriele de Mussi's report on the plague in 1348. God seeks to punish humanity for its sins, warning of dire consequences for each individual. Filled with fear, the people turn back to the Almighty, repenting for their sins, and in response, God shows mercy and forgives them. However, the disease continues to persist.
In nornine domini amen. Incipit ystoria de Morbo siue mortalitate que fuit anno domini MCCCXLVIII. Compylata per Gabrielem de Mussis placensem. Ad perpetuam rei memoriam Nouerint vniuersi presentes, pariter et futuri, quod omnipotens deus, rex celestis qui uiuorum dominator et mortuorum, in cuius manu sunt omnia, ex alto respiciens, vniuersum genus ad omnia scelera pronum et lubricum,criminibus obuolutum, innumeris perseuerancie delictis, et in omni genere uiciorum inextimabili malitia usque ad Interiora dimersun, omni bonorum gracia denudatum, dei Judicia non exhorrens, ad omnia malla opera prosilleret, tot abhominabilia, tot horribilia ulterius ferre non ualens, clamauit ad terram. Quid agis terra, miserorum captivata cateruis, peccatorum sordibus maculata, tota es Ineffecta quid agis. cur humano sanguine madefacta non postulas ultionem. cur hostes et aduersarios meos pateris. debuisses jam Inimcos meos, producta libie (libidine ?) suffocasse, prepara te ut possis exercere uindictam. Et ego terra, tuo Imperio fundata, postquam jubes, apperiam venas meas et infinitos degluciam criminosos. negabo fructus solitos blada, vina et olea non effundam. § Cumque in celestibus demisso tonitruo irattus uehementer. Judex, ellementa, planetas, sydera, et ordines Angelorum, contra humanum genus ineffabili censura conduceret et singulos animatos in exterminium peccatorum armaret, et quodam crudelitatis impetu prouocaret Inquit meum est exercere Justiciam. Ego sum uita uiuencium.ego mortis cleues (!) gero . ego retribuo, reddens unicuique, quod suum est .manus mee formanerunt celos. lucem fabricauj , mundum constitui , omnibus ornamenta concessi. 0, peccator infelix, et cunctis jnfelicior, etw mini resistere decreuisti, mandata mea, leges et omnes Justicias contempsisti. ubi fides baptismi, et mee redemptionis merces. O, condam mea creatura , non de ea forte consideraueram ut in has plagas et in hoc exitium peruenires, paradixum tibi paraueram, non Infernum, et ecce quo te perduxisti , ubi me descendere compulisti, substinui globos vteri virginalis , famem, sitim, labores , crucis , patibulum et mortem pertuli, quid fecisti Ingratissime, adhuc me postulas crucifigi, debuissem eternis te punire supplicijs, fateor vincit me pietas. En ego tuj misertus fui , et me tumi saluatorem minime cognouisti, Indignus es beatitudinis eterne, te dignum constituisti tormentotum Infernj , egredere de terra mea, te desero draconibus lacerandum. Ibis ad tenebras, ubi perpetuus gemitus, et dencium stridor erit. Jam tue calamitatis terminus adest. desinant vires tue, uanitates et uoluptates quibus te in omnibus dedicasti, conspicio ipsis ad iram nie non modicarn prouocasti. Accedant maligni spiritus, te deuorandi eisdem concedatur potestas, non sit libi libertas vlterius. Ago Judicia, Baudia tua conuertantur jn luctum. prospera conturbentur aduersis. nullus uite ordo. sed sempiternus horror Inhabitet. Ecce mortis yrnago. Ecce caracteres et portas Infernales apperio, fames captivatos prosternat. Pax a mundi finibus euellatur. Scandalla consurgant. Regna adversus regna odio execrabili consumentur. pereat in terris misericordia. clades, pestes, uiolencie, latrocinia, lites, et omnia genera scandalorum nascantur . post hec nutu meo, planete Aerem Infficiant, atque vniuerssam terrarn corrumpant, vbique sit dolor et gemitus. Vndique mortis jacula Impietatis morsibus dominentur. Nemini parcatur.non sexui non etati. pereant cum nocentibus innocentes. Nulli sit ex euadendo libertas. Sed quia pastores mundi quos constitui, greges suos lupis rapacibus dimiserunt et uerbum deij non predicant, cuibis negligentes dominici, et penitenciam minime clamauerunt, duram contra eos exercebo uintlictam. delebo eos a facie terre. et texauros eorum absconditos, inimicus et aduersus possidebit, pacientur cum delinquentibus grauia onera delictorum. Nil proderit eis falax officium et quia plus homines quam deum timuerunt et magis suam graeiam dilexerunt, omnia pessima sustinebunt ypocritarum scelerata, religio suis finibus ellungata (elongata) lugebit. Sacerdotum et tocius ordinis clericalis, falsa et inimica societas suis periclitata deffectibus Interibit. Nulli dabitur requies singulos sagita uenenata percuciet. febres superbos deicient. et morbus Incurabilis fulminabit. Sic sic monitione premissa mortalibus uibrata omnipotentis Iancea, duris aculleis undique destinatis, egressus morbus, totum genus lnfecit humanum. Nempe Orion illa stella crudelis et seua cauda draconis. et gelus ueneni fiallis precipitatis in mare. et Saturni horribilis et indignata tempestas, quibus datum est nocere terre et mari , hominibus et arboribus, ab oriente in occidentem, pestiferis gradibus incedentem, per mundi uaria climata, uenenata pocula detullerunt. bulls igneas infirmantibus relinquentes, ex quibus mortis impetus horribilis discurrens mundi comminans ruijnam, mortales subita percussione consumpsit ut infra patebit. plangite plangite populi manibus, et dei misericordiam inuocate. —
Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735, pp. 468-469.
These passages describe the catastrophic events of the year 1348 in Europe, including the plague and an earthquake. They mention predictions about political upheavals, famine and other catastrophies.
Item, Anno fequenti 48. in Avinone & in vicinis ibi partibus in Marfilia & in Italia ac multis citra & ultra maritimis regionibus, etiam in Francia, Anglia, Vngaria, Carinthia, Austria, Bauaria, Suevia, Alsatia, & in partibus Rheni & aliis plerisque Germaniae partibus, & praecipue in locis aquosis, & in alpibus, cacuminibus & conuallibus partium montanarum tam maxima pestilentia feu mortalitas (p. 469) fuit hominum, quod plerumque una in hospitio moriente persona, ceteri cohabitantes homines, ut sepius quasi subito, moriuntur. Anno Domini 1348. in die conuersionis Sancti Pauli circa horam vespertinam uniuersalis terrae motus adeo magnus fuit, quod hinc inde & praecipue in partibus Carinthiae & maritimis multae munitiones & domus & praefertim lapideae corruerunt. Anno domini 1348. multa mirabilia contingent, ut Astrologus maximus attestatur, unus solus erit dominus, Romanum Imperium exaltabitur, magna rixa erit in terra, Tyrannus Rex Francie cadit cum Baronibus fuis, magna effusio sanguinis fiet, erit magna fames & mortalitas hominum, haec iam in multis partibus Alemanniae, magnus calor in aestate, magna siccitas, vindicabitur vindicta noui Regis, transfigurabitur Regina Veneris, pulues Lonistae & animalia venenosa abundabunt & multa mirabilia in aere apparebunt.
Moreover, in the following year 1348, in Avignon and its surrounding areas, in Marseille, Italy, and in many regions both on this side and beyond the seas, also in France, England, Hungary, Carinthia, Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Alsace, and the regions of the Rhine and many other parts of Germany, especially in watery places, in the Alps, the peaks, and the valleys of mountainous areas, there was such a great plague or mortality among humans that often when one person died in a household, the other inhabitants frequently died suddenly as well. In the year of our Lord 1348, on the day of the Conversion of Saint Paul, around the evening hour, there was a universal earthquake so great that here and there, especially in Carinthia and coastal areas, many fortifications and houses, particularly those made of stone, collapsed. In the year of our Lord 1348, many wonders occurred, as the great astrologer attests: there will be only one lord, the Roman Empire will be exalted, there will be great strife on the earth, the tyrant King of France will fall with his barons, there will be great bloodshed, there will be great famine and mortality of people — this has already occurred in many parts of Germany. There will be great heat in the summer, great drought, vengeance will be exacted by the new king, the Queen of Venus will be transformed, the dust of Lonista will abound, and poisonous animals will be plentiful, and many wonders will appear in the air.
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843, pp. 473-774.
These passages describe the catastrophic events of the year 1348 in Europe, including the plague. They mention predictions about political upheavals, famine and other catastrophies like extreme weather.
De magna pestilencia. Item eodem tempore et anno immediate sequenti in curia Romana Avinionis et in vicinis ibi partibus in Marsilia et Ytalia ac multis maritimis citra et ultra marinis regionibus, eciam in Francia Anglia Ungaria Karinthia Austria Bawaria Swevia et Alsacia ac in partibus Reni et aliis plerisque Germanie partibus, et precipue in locis aquosis et in alpibus cacuminibus et convallibus partium montanarum (p. 474) tam maxima pestilentia seu mortalitatis hominum tanta fuit et est, quod plerumque una in hospicio moriente persona ceteri cohabitantes homines et sepius quasi subito moriuntur. De eventibus lamentosis sub anno subscriptio. Anno domini m.ccc.xl.viii. multa mirabilia contingent, ut astrologus maximus attestatur. Unus solus erit dominus. Imperium Romanum exaltabitur. Magna rixa erit in terra. Tyrannus Rex Francie cadet cum baronibus suis. Magna effusio sanguinis. Papa dissipabitur cum cardinalibus suis. Erit magna fames et mortalitas. Hec vero iam in multis partibus Lombardie. Magnus calor in estate. In hieme magna siccitas. Semina corrumpuntur. Vindicabitur vindicta novi regis. Transfigurabitur regina veneris. Pulices locuste et animalia venenosa habundabunt, et multa mirabilia in aere apparebunt.
On the Great Pestilence. Likewise, at the same time and in the following year, in the Roman court at Avignon and in nearby areas, in Marseille and Italy, and in many maritime regions on both sides of the sea, also in France, England, Hungary, Carinthia, Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Alsace, and in the regions along the Rhine and other parts of Germany, and especially in watery places and in the peaks and valleys of the mountainous regions, there was such a great plague or mortality of people that often, when one person died in a house, the other cohabitants and people would soon die almost immediately. On the Lamentable Events of the Year Described Below. In the year of our Lord 1348, many marvelous events occurred, as the greatest astrologer attests. There will be one sole lord. The Roman Empire will be exalted. There will be a great conflict in the land. The tyrant King of France will fall with his barons. There will be a great bloodshed. The Pope will be dispersed with his cardinals. There will be great famine and mortality. This has already occurred in many parts of Lombardy. There will be great heat in the summer. In winter, there will be great drought. Seeds will be corrupted. The vengeance of a new king will be exacted. The Queen of Venus will be transformed. Fleas, locusts, and venomous animals will abound, and many marvels will appear in the sky.
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843
Outbreak of the Black Death in Faenza and all over the world
1348. Mortalitas maxima per totum mundum fuit.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, pp. 229-233
In this long plague treatise-like passage, the author describes the Black Death in Florence with its symptoms, death toll and consequences. He describes how to behave in order to avoid the disease and be better prepared, although it is not possible to avoid it with certainty. He also advises people to flee infected areas early and to listen to the doctors' instructions.
Negli anni di Cristo 1348 fu nella città di Firenze una grande mortalità di persone umane le quali morivano di male pestilenziale; e molti gran fatti se n’ode dire dalle persone antiche e assai se ne truova iscritti; e fra gli altri ne (p. 230) scrive assai chopiosamente messer / (c. 65v) Giovanni Bochacci inn u·llibro che fecie di ciento novelle, ed è nel prencipio del libro. Di prima chominciò lavgiente a morire di cierto enfiato che venia chon gran doglia e chon repente febre o nell’anguinaia o sotto le ditella o nella ghola, da piè dell’orechie; e viveano quatro o sei dì. Di poi grebbe, e morivano in due dì o meno; e inn utimo e’ si venne tanto a spargiere questo veleno, che si dimostrava in cierte bolle pichole ch’apariano nelle charni per qualunche luogho della persona: e queste erano più pericholose che l’enfiato e di meno rimedio. E di poi, più nel chuore della moria, aparivano a’ più pe·lle charni cierti rossori e lividori, e sputavano sanque od e’ gittavano pel naso o di sotto: e questo era pessimo sengnio e sanza rimedio. E, brieve, e’ chaschavano, e grandi e piccioli, da un dì a un altro: inn una ora si vedea ridere e mottegiare il brighante e nell’ora medesima il vedevi morire! E venne la chosa a tanto, che molti ne morivano pe·lla via e su pe·lle panche, chome abandonati, sanza aiuto o chonforto di persona: solo erano posti quivi perché fussono da’ vicini sotterrati per fuggire il puzo. E tale vi s’andava, che ssi vedea solo in chasa e abandonato, per avere qualche sochorso. Molti per farneticho andavano impazando pe·lla terra; molti se ne gittavano ne’ pozi, a tterra delle finestre e inn Arno; e tale s’uccideva per gran farneticho o per gran pena o dolore. Molti si morivano che non erano veduti e ’nfradiciavano su pe·lle letta; molti n’erano sotterrati che anchora erano vivi. Non si trovava chi gli servisse né chi gli sotterrasse; e più, che se ttu avessi voluto un testimone a un testamento, tu non llo potevi avere, o se pure ne trovavi niuno, e’ voleva sei o otto fiorini. Aresti veduto iª crocie ire per un chorpo, averne dietro tre o quatro prima giungniesse alla chiesa: assai n’erano posti la notte alle reggi di fuori della chiesa e nella via n’erano gittati assai. Molte chose maravigliose si vidono: assai, per vicitare uno infermo, per ghovernallo o ttocharlo, o llui o suoi panni, di fatto chaschare morti. E fra ll’altre chose, dicie messere Giovanni Bochacci che vide due porci grufolare e stracciare cierti pannicielli d’un povero uomo morto, rimasi nella via: di fatto i detti porci chascharono morti su que’ cienci istracciati da lloro. O vedi di quanto pericholo e di quanto rischio questo male pestilenziale è: non si può troppo guardare. Ora, chome voi avete in parte veduto e potuto chonprendere, la moria fu innistimabile, e diciesi, e chosì fu di cierto, che nella nostra città morirono i due terzi delle persone; ché era istimato / (c. 66r) che in Firenze avesse in quel tenpo CXX mila anime, che nne morirono, cioè de’ chorpi, ottantamila. Pensate se fu frachasso! Non è da prenderne gran maraviglia perché questo fusse, ché molte chagioni ci furono da inciendere il malore; e fu maggiore maraviglia, chi chonsiderasse bene ogni chosa, di que’ che chanparono che di que’ che morirono. E lle chagioni furono in parte queste, cioè: in Firenze non si chonoscieva, diciamo pe·lla chomunità, questo male, perché a gran tenpo non era apparito; era Firenze molto ripiena di giente e di più quantità ch’ella fusse mai; l’anno dinanzi era suto in Firenze gran fame, e credo non era nel centinaio venti che avessono pane o biada alchuna, e quelli chotanti n’avevono pocho: (p. 231) vivettesi d’erbe e di barbe d’erbe e di chattive, non lle chonoscieresti oggi, e beevano acqua, e tutto il chontado era pieno di persone che andavano pasciendo l’erbe chome le bestie. Chonsidera chome i loro chorpi erano disposti! Apresso, chom’è detto, e’ non aveano arghomento né riparo niuno; e fu la chosa sì grande e ssì aspra, che ll’uno non poteva atare l’altro di nulla, e per queste chagioni e’ si morirono sanza rimedio. Oggi è avvenuto, per esenpro di questa e di molte altre che spesso sono di poi istate, che ci s’è preso assai ripari, non però che gran danno non faccia; ma pure credo che assai ne chanpano per virtù de’ rimedi, ché dichono e medici che lle reghole ch’essi danno per rimedio di questo veleno è uno armarsi alla difesa. Non è però che uno che sia molto bene armato non possa essere morto, ché gli fia dato d’una lancia o d’una ghiera o d’una bonbarda o prieta che ll’ucciderà; chosì potrà avenire al buon uomo, che fia provveduto contro alla pestilenza, e gli giungnierà una nebbia o un puzo di chorruzione o un fiato d’altro malato che fia più forte di lui e ucciderallo pure. Ma che è? Egli è assai chiaro che a una zuffa mortale à gran vantaggio chi è bene armato, e meno ne muoiono che de’ disarmati; e però vo’ dire che’ rimedi sono buoni. Vuolsi avere chonsiglio chon valenti medici e pigliare per iscritto loro chonsiglio o loro riciette, e quelle osservare diligientemente e non se ne fare punto beffe. Da mme voglio abbi questo chotanto chonsiglio. Tu udirai dinanzi che lla mortalità sia nella città di Firenze un anno o due, perché prima offende la Romangnia o lla Lonbardia che lla città nostra, e quasi per uso l’anno vengniente ell’è in Firenze; o almeno il verno dinanzi tu nne sentirai qualche isprazo o nel contado o nelle pendici della terra, il perché chiaro si prosu/me (c. 66v) la mortalità dovere essere in Firenze. E sappi che di febraio ella comincia a ffarsi sentire dentro, e chosì va crescendo tutto lulglio; e da mezo luglio in llà ed ella s’apicha alle persone da bene e a quelli che sono vivuti regholati, e chomincia a morire meno giente, ma de’ migliori. E quest’è perché il veleno è tanto isparto e tanto t’à chonbattuto, che t’à rotte l’armi e passato dentro; e per la dura della battaglia e’ ti viene a strachare e a pocho a pocho a chorronperti, e ’nfine e’ t’abbatte. E però piglia questo riparo. Chomincia il verno dinanzi a ghovernare te e la tua famiglia tutta per questa via. Prima, fa di quardarti dall’umido quantunche ttu puoi e non patire punto il freddo. Apresso, usa il fuocho ongni mattina prima escha fuori e piglia qualche chosa sechondo lo stomacho che ài: o un pocho di pane e un mezo bichiere di buon vino o di malvagia, o una pillola apropiata a cciò, o un pocho d’utriacha quando fusse piove o umidori, de’ quindici dì due o tre mattine a llato, sul dì, e prima ti levi e dormi un pocho poi; e non mangiare nulla da ivi a ore cinque. Se tti venisse beuto o volessi bere un mezo bichiere di malvagia sarebbe buono, ma non altri vini grossi; o sse avessi lo stomacho debole o frigido, piglia degli otto dì una volta a tai tenpacci una barba di gengiovo (p. 232) in chonservo e bei un mezo bichiere di malvagia, e sta di poi cinque ore che ttu non mangi altro. O ttu piglia un gherofano o un pocho di ciennamo o uno ghughiaio di tregiea o quatro derrate di zafferano o due o tre noci chotte e due o tre fichi sanza pane o qualche chosetta, sechondo che sse’ chonsigliato. E quello vedessi ti faciesse noia lascialo istare; e se llo stomacho istà meglio digiuno, non gli dare impaccio. Non uscire fuori troppo avaccio: quand’è nebbia e piova istatti al fuocho. Desina all’ora chonpitente, mangia buone chose e non troppo; levati chon buono apitito, quarti dalle frutte e da’ funghi, non ne mangiare, o pocho e di rado. Esercita la persona, ma non chon faticha, che ttu non sudi e non n’abbi ’ansare o a sciorinarti de’ panni; quarti dal chiavare e dalle femine, non ti impacciare chon niuna in quell’anno. Non mangiare e non bere se non n’ài voglia; e quando avessi in sullo stomacho, lascialo prima digiestire e di poi ista un’ora prima mangi o bei. quarti dalla ciena, pocho mangia e buone cose; non mangiare porcho in niuno modo; usa, se ài buono istomacho, l’acieto e ll’agresto, ma non tanto ti desse noia a smaltire. Fa di stare sobrio del chorpo e che ttu escha il dì due volte il meno: se fussi istiticho e duro del chorpo, fatti uno arghomento degli otto dì o de’ quindici dì. / (c. 67r) Non ti raviluppare troppo nel dormire, levati al levare del sole. E ’n questa forma passa il verno. E tenendo questo o migliore istile, tu verrai a purghare lo stomacho overo il chorpo tutto, per modo che lla churrezione dell’aria non troverrà materia d’apicharsi. Alla primavera o veramente di marzo tu sentirai dove è buono fuggire. Aspetta che de’ tuoi cittadini si muovano: non volere essere de’ primi, ma, partitone quatro o sei piglia partito e va dove ne vanno i più e in sì fatta città che pel tuo danaio tu truovi ciò che bisongnia alla santà del corpo. Non essere isciocho, o per masserizia o per niuna chagione, di rinchiuderti in chastella o in ville o in lluoghi che non vi sia e medici buoni e medicine che nne interviene che l’amicho si muore e spende nella fine due tanti che gli altri ed essene fatto beffe, sanza il dolore e i·rripitio dell’animo che mai te ne puoi dare pacie. Non sono tempi da masserizia, ma da trarre il danaio d’ongni luogho che ttu puoi; e spendi larghamente nelle chose che bisongnia, sanza niuna masserizia che ssia però che non si guadangniano se non per ispenderli per chanpare o vuoi per vivere e per onore, o nelle brighe o in simili casi. E però ti chonforto del fuggire presto e quest’è il più sichuro ischanpo ci sia. Fa d’avere de’ denari: e non giuchare, ché potresti rimanere sulle secche, e a que’ tenpi se ne truovano molto pochi che te ne prestassono per molti rispetti. Sì che sia savio: provediti tanto dinanzi rauni treciento fiorini il meno, e non ne tocchare mai niuno se non abbisogni e non dire che ttu gli abbia, ché ti sarebbono chiesti. E togli chasa agiata pe·lla tua famiglia, e non punto istretta, ma chamere d’avanzo. E nella istate usa chose fresche: buoni vini e picholi, de’ polli e de’ chavretti e de’ ventri o peducci di chastrone choll’acieto o llattugha, o de’ ghanberi, se nne puoi avere. Istatti il dì di meriggio al frescho: non dormire se puoi farlo, o ttu dormi chosì a sedere. Usa d’un lattovaro che fanno fare i medici di ribarbero, danne a’ fanciulli ché uccide i (p. 233) vermini. Mangia alchuna volta la mattina un’oncia di chassia, chosì ne’ bucciuoli, e danne a’ fanciulli: fa d’averne in chasa e frescha e del zuchero e dell’acquarosa e del giulebbo. Se ài sete il dì bei di quello rinfreschati i polsi, le tenpie e al naso choll’acieto ben forte. None istare dove sia molta giente e spezialmente in luogho rinchiuso chome in loggie o in chiese o in simili luoghi. Chon chi venisse dell’aria chorrotta o che avesse infermi in chasa o fusse morto di sua giente, non istare / (c. 67v) cho·llui se none il meno che ttu puoi, non dimostrando ischifarlo per modo s’aveggha, acciò non isdengniasse o non pigliasse ischonforto. Fuggi quanto puoi maninchonia o pensiero: usa dove si faccia chose da diletto e dove tu possa pigliare ispasso chon piacere e chon allegreza, e non pensare punto di chosa ti dia dolore o chattivo pensiero. Chome ti venisse, fuggilo, o in pensare ad altro o dove si ragioni di darsi piaciere o dove si faccia alchuna chosa che tti piaccia o ttu giuocha, quando tai chasi t’avenissono, e di pochi danari per volta: non passare di perdere uno fiorino; e se llo perdi, lascialo andare sanza pensarvi e non volere per quel dì rischuoterti, ché potresti, dove vuoi fuggire pensiero e dolore, andarlo cierchando. Se ài chavallo, vatti a ssollazo e per la terra e di fuori la mattina pe·llo frescho e lla sera. Istà chasto il più che ttu puoi. Fuggi ongni chosa putidra e ll’aria ivi apresso, non vi istare tieni in diletto e in piaciere la tua famiglia e fa cho·lloro insieme buona e sana vita, vivendo sanza pensiero di fare per allora masserizia, ché assai s’avanza a stare sano e fuggire la morte. Al presente non iscriverrò più avanti sopra la detta materia, perché nel vero i medici fidati e che chonoschono la tua natura sarebbono quelli che meglio t’amaestrerrebbono di tale provedimento; e però, chom’è detto, il chonsiglio si vuole avere da lloro, nonistante che lle sopra iscritte chose sieno utili e buone a oservalle ne’ detti tenpi.
In the year of Christ 1348 there was a great mortality in the city of Florence among the people who died of a pestilential disease. Many stories about it are told by old people, and many are written down; and among others, Giovanni Boccaccio tells about it in detail in a book of a hundred novellas, and it is at the beginning of the book. At first people began to die of a swelling, accompanied with great pain and sudden fever, either in the groin, under the armpits, or in the neck, below the ears; they lived four or six days. Afterwards the disease grew worse, and they died in two days or less; finally this poison spread so far that it showed itself in certain small bumps which appeared on the skin anywhere on the body: and these were more dangerous than the swellings and more difficult to treat. Later, in the heart of the epidemic, certain redness and bruises appeared on the skin of many people, and they spat blood or bled from the nose or underneath: and this was a very bad sign and without cure. In short, they fell, big and small, from one day to the next: one hour you would see someone laughing and joking and the next hour you would see him die! It got to the point that many died in the streets and on the benches, like abandoned people, without help or consolation from anyone: they were only left there to be buried by the neighbours to avoid the smell. And it happened that people left, because they were alone and abandoned at home, to get some kind of help. Many wandered madly through the country because of delirium; many threw themselves into wells, from windows and into the Arno; and some killed themselves because of great delirium or great pain or suffering. Many died without being seen, rotting in their beds; many were buried even though they were still alive. There was no one to serve them or bury them; and what is more, if you needed a witness for a will, you could not get one, or he asked for six or eight florins. Crosses were seen brought for a body, and three or four followed it before it reached the church: many were deposited at night on the lattices outside the church, and many were thrown away in the street. Many marvellous things were seen: many who visited, nursed or touched a sick person, either him or his clothes, fell down dead. Among others, Giovanni Boccaccio relates that he saw two swine rooting and tearing certain rags of a dead poor man who had remained in the street: and immediately the said swine fell down dead on the rags they had torn. Oh, see how dangerous and risky this pestilential disease is: one cannot protect oneself enough. Now, as you have partly seen and understood, the mortality was immeasurable, and it is said, and so it certainly was, that in our city two-thirds of the people died; for it was estimated that there were 120,000 souls in Florence at that time, of whom 80,000 died. Think what an uproar that was! It is not very surprising that this happened, for there were many causes which increased the evil; and it is more surprising, when all is well considered, how many survived than how many died. The reasons were partly these: in Florence this disease, let us say for the community, was not known, as it had not appeared for a long time; Florence was very populous, more so than ever; the year before there was great famine in Florence, and I believe there were not a hundred people that had bread or corn, and those that had had little: they lived on herbs and roots and bad things that would not be recognised to-day, and they drank water, and all the surrounding country was full of people eating herbs like beasts. Think about what state their bodies were in! In addition, as I said, they had no remedies or defences; and the evil was so great and so violent that they could not help each other in anything, and for these reasons they died without remedy. Now it is so, in consequence of these and many others that have often taken place afterwards, that many precautions have been taken, not that it no longer does much harm; but still I believe that many survive by the power of the remedies, for the doctors say that the rules they give to ward off this poison are a kind of defence. This does not mean that one who is very well armed cannot die, for he may be struck by a spear thrust or a bullet or a stone that kills him; so it may happen to the good man who has taken precautions against the plague that a mist or a stench of putrefaction or a breath of another sick person stronger than himself may strike him and still kill him. But what is that? It is clear that in a mortal fight he who is well armed has a great advantage, and dies less than the unarmed; therefore I would say that the remedies are good. One should seek advice from good doctors and get their advice or prescriptions in writing and follow them conscientiously and not make fun of them. I would like you to take this advice to heart. You will hear that mortality lasts a year or two in the city of Florence, because it first strikes Romagna or Lombardy before it reaches our city, and almost always the following year it is in Florence; or at least in the winter before you will hear a whiff of it, either in the surrounding countryside or in the suburbs, so it is clear that mortality will come to Florence. And know that it begins to make itself felt in February, and so it grows into July; and from the middle of July it affects the wealthy people and those who have lived well, and fewer people die, but of the best. This is because the poison has spread so widely and has affected you so badly that it has broken through the armour and got inside; and because of the hardness of the battle it will tire you out and gradually wear you down, and finally it will strike you down. Therefore, take these precautions. In winter, begin to protect yourselves and your whole family in this way. First, beware of dampness as much as possible and do not endure cold. Then use fire every morning before you go out, and take something according to your stomach: a little bread and half a glass of good wine or malmsey, or a suitable pill, or a little theriac, if it is raining or damp, two or three mornings of fifteen days, during the day and before you get up, and then sleep a little; and eat nothing till five hours later. If you are thirsty or wish to drink half a glass of malmsey, that would be good, but no other strong wines; or if you have a weak or cold stomach, once in eight days at such times take a pickled ginger root and drink half a glass of malmsey, and then eat nothing else for five hours. Or take a clove leaf or a little cinnamon or a spoonful of trigonella or four grains of saffron or two or three boiled nuts and two or three figs without bread or anything else, as you are advised. And if you realise that it is not good for you, leave it alone; and if it is better for the stomach to remain sober, do not strain it. Don't go out too early: stay by the fire in fog and rain. Eat at the proper time, eat good things and not too much; get up with a good appetite, avoid fruit and mushrooms, do not eat them, or eat only a little and rarely. Exercise, but not strenuously, so that you do not sweat and do not feel the need to dry your clothes; avoid sexual intercourse and women, do not mix with them this year. Do not eat or drink if you do not feel like it; and if you have something in your stomach, let it digest first and then wait an hour before eating or drinking. Eat little and good things in the evening; do not eat pork in any way; if you have a good stomach, use vinegar and verjuice, but not so much that it gives you difficulty in digesting. Keep your body light, and see that you get out twice a day: If you are constipated and hard in body, take a treatment of eight or fifteen days. (c. 67r) Don't get too entangled in sleep, get up at sunrise. In this way spend the winter. And if you keep up this or a better style, you will so cleanse your stomach or your whole body that the bad air will find no clue. In spring, or really in March, you will realise where you should flee to. Wait till your fellow-citizens move: do not be the first, but after four or six have gone, go where most go, and to such a town where you will find for your money all that is necessary for the health of the body. Do not be foolish, either for miserliness or for any other reason, to shut yourself up in castles or villages or places where there are no good doctors and medicines, for it happens that the friend dies and ends up spending twice as much as the others and is laughed at, without the pain and trembling of the soul that never leaves you in peace. These are not times for miserliness, but to get money from wherever you can; and spend generously on what is necessary, without miserliness, for it is only earned to spend on survival or on life and honour, or on difficulties or similar cases. Therefore, I encourage you to escape early, and that is the safest escape there is. Make sure you have money: Don't gamble, because you could lose it all, and at these times there are very few who would lend it to you for many reasons. So be wise: Take care in advance to collect at least three hundred florins, and do not touch them unless it is necessary, and do not say that you have them, for they would be demanded of you. And take a spacious house for your family, not too cramped, but with extra rooms. And in summer use fresh things: good wine and small, chickens and goatlings, and the bellies or feet of mutton with vinegar or lettuce, or crabs if you can get them. Keep cool at midday: do not sleep if you can avoid it, or sleep sitting up. Use a lotion that doctors make with rhubarb, give it to children as it kills worms. Eat an ounce of cassia sometimes in the morning, in the buds, and give it to the children: keep it fresh in the house together with sugar and rose-water and syrup. If you are thirsty during the day, cool your wrists, temples and nose with strong vinegar. Do not stay in places with many people, especially in closed rooms such as loggias or churches or similar places. Do not stay with someone who comes from a contaminated area or has sick people in the house or whose relatives have died, as little as possible without showing it, so as not to offend or discourage them. Flee as much as you can from melancholy or sorrow: Stay in places where you can find joy and entertainment, and don't think about things that cause you pain or bad thoughts. When they come, flee from them by thinking of something else or by staying in places where there is pleasure or where people do things you like or where you can play, but only with little money: do not lose more than a florin; and if you lose it, let it go without thinking about it and do not try to recover that day, because where you want to flee sorrow and pain, you go in search of it. If you have a horse, go out in the morning and evening for pleasure. Be as chaste as possible. Flee from everything foul and the air in the neighbourhood, do not stay there. Keep your family in joy and contentment and lead a good and healthy life together, without thinking of miserliness, for it is enough to stay healthy and avoid death. I will not write further on this subject for now, because in truth, trustworthy doctors who know your nature are the ones who can give you the best advice; therefore, as I said, advice should be sought from them, although the things mentioned above are useful and good to observe in the times mentioned.
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840, p. 325
Great mortality in Florence with a mortality rate of more than 60%.
In detto tempo una grandissima morìa fu in Firenze, che si stima morisse in detta pestilenzia più di 60 per cento, ch'è una scurità.
In this time (1349) was a large dying in Florence, it is estimated that more than 60 per cent died in this plague, what is an uncertainity.
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914, p. 71
Fruosino was a good and new man and he died before the plague and his son Niccolò, who was a bad lad, died with all his sisters during the plague.
Il detto Fruosino ebbe poco, però che fu maltrattato e io gli vidi tondere i boldroni; e anche, come potea uncicare il danaio, il prestava. Fu grosso e nuovo uomo, e ebbe una moglie che fu nuova donna; ebbe due figliuoli maschi, e più femmine; Zanobi, e Niccolò vocato Bicocco, Morì innanzi a la mortalità del 1348, d'età di bene LXX anni; e Niccolò morì nella detta mortalità, e fu mercè, ch'era uno pessimo garzone, e avrebbe condotto altrui agevolemente a mali termini, e egli fatto mala fine. Le femmine anche tutte morirono;
The said Fruosino had little, because he was badly treated, and I saw him make the beds; and also, if he could scrape together a farthing, he lent it. He was a great and new man, and had a wife who was a new woman. He had two sons and several daughters; Zanobi, and Niccolò, called Bicocco. He died before the plague in 1348 at the age of a good seventy; and Niccolò died during that plague, it was mercy because he was a bad lad and could easily have got others into trouble, and he came to a bad end. All the daughters died too.
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914, pp. 291-292
The woman Monna Bice survived by God's grace the Black Death which only one in a hundred managed to do.
Della detta monna Bice ebbi più figliuoli, maschi e femmine, che vennono a bene, e di que' che nel partorire non vennono a bene, (p. 292) sconciandosi anche in alcuno; ebbe grandissima infermità per la mortalità del 1348, e campò di quello che non ne campò una nel centinaio. Fu grazia di Dio e in iscampo di me, chè di certo ò per opinione, che s' ella fosse morta, io non sarei scampato, per gli accidenti m' avvennono, che che di quella infermità io non sentissi.
I had several children of the aforementioned Monna Bice, both male and female, who came out well, and of those who were not well at birth, some were mutilated. She had a very serious illness during the plague in 1348 and survived, which only one in a hundred managed to do. It was God's grace and my luck, because I'm sure I wouldn't have survived if she had died, because of the things that happened to me, even though I didn't feel anything from that illness.
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 2, p. 314.
Plague raged in Florence and surroundings and more than 70 thousand people died alone inside the city.
Proximo dehinc anno pestis iampridem ingressa urbem ita desaevivit, ut supra fidem videatur eius stragem referre. Sexaginta amplius hominum millia defuncta morbo intra urbem constat, et insignes viros, quorum consilio respublica nitebatur, ferme omnes sublatos. In agro autem exinanita cuncta ac paene deserta. Ob eam calamitatem, nihil publice geri eo anno potuit. Tantum adversus latrones, qui per Apennini iugum itinera infestabant, copiae quaedam missae.
By the next year, the plague had long since entered the city and ravaged it to such an extent that the tale of its slaughter seems beyond belief. It is evident that more than 70,000 people inside the city died of the disease, and nearly all the distinguished men on whom the city relied were wiped out. The countryside was entirely emptied out and practically deserted. Thanks to this calamity, no public business could be conducted this year. The only action was to send some troops out against robbers infesting the roads that crossed the Apennine passes.
During the plague, the society of Orto San Michele became very rich, because people willingly left their money and wealth to the society. With these riches they helped many poor people, but with time greedy people tried to use the money for their own benefit.
Come alla compagnia d'Orto Sa Michele fu lasciato gran tesoro. Nella nostra città di Firenze, l’anno della detta mortalità, avenne mirabile cosa: che venendo a morte li uomini, per la fede che i cittadini di Firenze avieno a l'ordine e alla sperienza che veduta era della chiara, e buona e ordinata limosina che s'era fatta lungo tempo, e facea per li capitani della compagnia di madonna santa Maria d’Orto Sa Michele, sanza alcuno umano procaccio, si trovò per testamenti fatti (i quali testamenti nella mortalità, e poco apresso, si poterono trovare e avere) che’ cittadini di Firenze lasciarono a stribuire a’ poveri per li capitani di quella compagnia più di CCCLM di fiorini d’oro. Che vedendosi (p. 20) la gente morire, e morire i loro figliuoli e i loro congiunti, ordinavano i testamenti, e chi avea reda che vivesse, legava la reda, se lla reda morisse, volea la detta compagnia fosse reda; e molti che non avieno alcuna reda, per divozione dell’usata e santa limosina che questa compagnia solea fare, acciò che 'l suo si stribuisse a’ poveri com'era usato, lasciavano di ciò ch’avieno reda la detta compagnia; e molti altri novolendo che per successione il suo venisse a' suoi congiunti, o a’ suoi consorti, legavano alla detta compagnia tutti i loro beni. Per questa cagione, ristata la mortalità in Firenze, si trovò improviso quella compagnia in sì grande tesoro, sanza quello che ancora no potea sapere. E i mendichi poveri erano quasi tutti morti, e ogni feminella era piena e abondevole delle cose, sicché non cercavano limosina. Sentendosi questo fatto per cittadini, procacciarono molti con sollicitudine d’essere capitani per potere aministrare (p. 21) questo tesoro, e cominciarono a ragunare le masserizie e i danari; ch'avendo a vendere le masserizie nobili de'grandi cittadini e mercatanti, tutte le migliori e lle più belle volieno per loro a grande mercato, e l'altre più vili facieno vendere in plubico, e i danari cominciarono a serbare, e chi ne tenea una parte, e chi un'altra a lloro utilità. […]
A great treasure was left to the society of Orto San Michele. In our city of Florence, during the year of this deadly plague, something remarkable happened: as people were dying, the citizens of Florence, trusting in the order and experience demonstrated by the clear, good, and organized charity that had been practiced for a long time by the captains of the society of Our Lady of Orto San Michele—without any human intervention—left, according to wills (that could be found during the plague and shortly thereafter) more than 350,000 gold florins to be distributed to the poor by the captains of this society. People, seeing their children and relatives dying, arranged their wills, and those who had heirs who survived would pass on their inheritance; if the heirs died, they wanted the society to be their heir. And many who had no heirs, out of devotion to the customary and holy charity that this society used to perform, left what they had as inheritance to this society so that it could be distributed to the poor as was customary. And many others, not wanting their wealth to go to their relatives or associates through succession, bequeathed all their possessions to this society. For this reason, once the plague ceased in Florence, it was found that the society unexpectedly held a great treasure, aside from what could not yet be accounted for. And the poor beggars were almost all dead, and every household was full and abundant with supplies, so much so that they did not seek alms. When the citizens heard about this situation, many eagerly sought to become captains to be able to manage this treasure. They began gathering the goods and money; when they had to sell the valuable possessions of prominent citizens and merchants, they would take the best and finest for themselves at a good price, while the lesser items were sold publicly, and the money was kept by those who held parts of it, each for their own benefit. [...]
Report of Gabrielle de Mussis: Infection of four marauding soldiers through a object in Rivarolo near Genoa, where all the inhabitants had already died of the plague.
Nos preterite consumpserunt. presentes corrodunt viscera. et future maiora, nobis discrimina comminantur quod Ardenti studio laborantes percepimus, (p. 51) perdidimus vna hora. Vbi sunt delicate vestes, et preciosa Juventus. Ubi nobilitas et fortitudo pugnancium. vbi seniorum maturitas antiquata, et dominarum purpurata caterua. Vbi thesaurus et preciosi lapides congregati proh dolor omnes mortis Impetu deffecerunt. Ad quern lbimus. qui nimium medebitur. Fugere non licet. latere non expedit. Vrbes, menia, Arua, nemora vie, et omuis aquarum materia, latronibus circumdantur. Isti sunt maligni Spiritus, summi tortores Judicis, omnibus supplicia Inhinita parantes. Quoddam possumus explicare pauendum, prope Januam, tunc exercitu residente euenit. vt quatuor exercitus socij, Intencione spoliandi loca et homines, exercitum dimiserunt . et ad Riparolurn pergentes in littore maris, ubi morbus Interfecerat vniuersos, domos clausas inuenientes, et nemine comparente, domum vnam apperientes, et Intrantes lectulum, cum Lana obuoiutum Inueniunt, aufferunt et exportant. et in exercitum reuertentes, nocte sequenti, quatuor sub lena , in lectulo dormitiui quiescunt. Sed mane facto, mortui sunt Inuenti. Ex quo tremor Inuasit omnes, ut Rebus et vestibus deffunctorum contemptis, nullus postea frui velet. nec eciam manibus atractare.
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, pp. 264-266.
Jews were accused of poisoning the water and wells. Thus they were persecuted and burned in many parts in Germany
[115.] De mala fama et infortunio Iudeorum in diversis terris et regionibus. Et infamati sunt Iudei, quod huiusmodi pestilenciam fecerint vel auxerint fontibus et puteis iniecto veneno. Et cre*mati sunt a mari usque ad Alamanniam preterquam Avinionis, ubi ipsos papa Clemens sextus defendit. Post [p. 265] hec tortis quibusdam in Berna, in comitatu Froburg et alibi, et reperto in Zovingen veneno, extinctisque Iudeis in pluribus locis, scriptoque *de hoc consulibus Basiliensis, Friburgensis et Argentinensis civitatum, maioribusque ad defensionem nitentibus Iudeorum, ac quibusdam eciam nobilibus Basilee pro quadam iniuria Iudeis illata ad longum tempus bannitis: ecce irruit populus cum baneriis ad palacium consulum. Quibus territis et querente magistro, quid vellent, responderunt se nolle abire nisi bannitis reversis. Pro quibus illico est transmissum, consulibus non audentibus egredi, quousque venerunt. Adiecitque populus se nolle, quod inibi amplius remanerent Iudei. Et iuratum est per consules et populum, quod in ducentis annis inibi nunquam residerent Iudei. Conveneruntque pluries nuncii meliores earundem trium civitatum, quibus cordi erat reten*cio Iudeorum, set populi timuerunt clamorem. Capti sunt autem undique in partibus illis Iudei. […][p. 266] Et sic modo in uno loco, postea in alio sunt cremati. Alicubi autem sunt expulsi. Quos vulgus apprehendens hos cremavit, aliquos interfecit, alios in paludibus suffocavit. [...]
116. Of the slander and persecution of the Jews in various countries and kingdoms. And the Jews were accused of having caused or aggravated this plague by throwing poison into springs and wells. They were burned from the seashore to Germany, except in Avignon, where Pope Clement VI protected them. After some had been tortured in Bern, in the county of Froburg and in other places and poison had been found in Zofingen, they were murdered in many places and written about to the councillors of the cities of Basel, Freiburg and Strasbourg, and since the rulers sought to protect them and even some nobles of Basel were banished for a long time because of an injustice done to the Jews, the people rushed to the town hall with their banners. The councillors were startled by this and the mayor asked: "What did they want?", to which they replied: "They would not leave until the exiles had returned"; so they were immediately sent for, because the councillors did not dare to leave until they had returned. Then the people said: "They would no longer tolerate the Jews in the city," and the councillors and the people swore that within two hundred years no Jew should live in the city. But the nobles of these three cities, who were anxious to keep the Jews, repeatedly came together, but they feared the clamour of the people. But the Jews were captured everywhere in that region. [...] and so they were burned sometimes in this place, sometimes in that. In some places they were merely expelled, but the people caught up with them, burned some and beat others to death or suffocated them in swamps. [...]
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 275
The bishop of Skálholt, Jón Sigurðsson, dies of a plague in 1348 on the Day of St Magnús Erlendsson, 16 April. Earlier, he had unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile Northern Icelandic peasants with the Bishop of Hólar, Ormr Ásláksson. Harsh winter in Iceland, even fjords are frozen
Vtkuama Jons byskops. Sigurdar sonar. Reid hann til Hola ok ætlade at koma sættargiord j millum Orms byskops ok Nordlendinga. en allr almugi bonda samnadizst saman ok kom til Hola. ok villdu at ongum koste vndir hann leggia edr sættazst vidr þa Orm byskop. Reid Jon byskop sudr kiol ok tok sott þegar hann kom sndr. vm land. ok la framan til Magnus dags ok saladizst þa. var hann framferdugr madr ok mickill hofdinga. Frosta vetr sua mickill a Islande at frere sioinn vmhuerfiss landit so at rida matte af hueriu annnese ok vm alla fiordu.
Arrival of Bishop Jón Sigurðsson (to Iceland). He rode to Hólar and attempted to bring reconciliation between Bishop Ormr and the Northerners. But all peasants gathered together and came to Hólar and did not want at any cost to submit or reconcile with Bishop Ormr. Bishop Jón rode southwards to Keilir and fell sick with a plague when he arrived in the south of the country, and was laid up until Magnus’ Day (= 16 April), and died then. He was a favourable and great man. Such a great winter of frost on Iceland that there was frost around the land, so that it was possible to ride from every point of land and all over the fjord.
1348-00-00-Iceland# QUERY3e5358e7ce1c4cf3acd37078aaeece47
Black Death is associated with blood spitting
Isto anno usque ad Festum omnium Sanctorum, tam ultra mare, quam citra per totum mundum fuit morbus horribilis et tremendus. Qui conversabatur cum infirmo, moriebatur; spuebant sanguinem. Multae Civitates, & Oppida hac causa per Mundum desertae incolis factae sunt.
This year, until the Feast of All Saints, both across the sea and on this side throughout the entire world, there was a horrible and tremendous disease. Whoever interacted with the sick would die; they would spit blood. Many cities and towns around the world were deserted by their inhabitants because of this.
Arrival of the Black Death from the Orient in Italy
In partibus Persie maxima quantitas ignis ab ethere descendit, qui combuxit arbores et homines, ac fumum tante putredinis faciebat quod, qui odorabant, in prossimis duodecim horis deficiebant. Tunc Januensium quedam naves circa partes illas pervenerunt, et statim quidam navigantium infecti sunt; et ubicumque dicte naves peragrabant, ibidem maxima mortalits insurgebat. Dum verso Constantinopolis, Peram Siciliamque sulcarent, inficiebant omnes et moriebantur. Postquam etenim Janue adherant, statim mors rapida fuit; et multa hominum milia occubuerunt. Civitas vero Dreppani tali morbo inhabitas remansit.
Earthquake at 25. January and arrival of the Black Death in Italy and its spread and symptoms
Deus omnipotens, qui non vult mortem peccatoris, sed ut convertatur et vivat, primo minatur, secundo vero percuit ad correctionem humani generis, non interitum. Volens affligere humanum genus plagis maximis, inauditis, primo in extremis partibus mundi, in orientis plaga cepit suum iudicium horrendum. Cum vero jam percussiset Tartaros, Turcos (p. 121) et genus infidelium universum in MCCCXLVIII, die XXV Januarii, hora XXIII, fuit maximus terremotus per horam mediam ad terrorem Christianorum. Post quem pestis inaudita transivit mare, scilicet in partes Venetiarum, Lombardie, Marchie, Tuscie, Alemanie, Francie et per fere mundum universum. Hanc, quidem infecti, venientes de partibus orientis, detulerunt. Hi solo visu, vel tactu, vel flatu omnes occidebant. Erat hec infectio incurabilis, non poterat evitari. Uxor fugiebat amplexum cari viri, pater filii, frater fratris: et gentes subito multotiens expirabant. Sic ovis infecta inficit totum gregem. Sic unius domus descendentes unum semper moriendo ceteri sequebantur usque ad canes. Corpora etiam nobilium manebant insepulta. Multi pretio a vilibus sepeliebantur sine presbyteris et candelis. Veneti vero, ubi centum milia perierunt, navibus redemptis magno pretio corpora ad insulas portabant. Civitas erat quasi desolata. Unus solus incognitus venit Paduam, qui civitatem infecit in tantum, quod forsan in toto comitatu tertia pars defecit. Civitates, cupientes evitare talem pestem, omnibus extraneis prohibebant ingressum. Sic mercatores de civitate ad civitatem non poterant ambulare. Hac clade fuerunt destitute civitates et castra. Non audiebantur voces, nisi heu, dolores et planctus. Tunc cessavit vox sponsi et sponse, sonus cythare, cantus juvenum et letitia. Pestes vero imminentes tempore Pharaonis, David, Esechie, Gregorii Pape respective possunt nunc pro nihilo reputari. Henc enim pestis circuit totum orbem. Deus enim tempore Noe tantas animas vix consumpsit, cui possibile est humanum genus etiam de lapidibus restaurare. Hujus pestis erant pessime alii infecti, ut supra; quidam evomendo sanguinem expirabant subito, ali morbo cancri, vel vermis. In signum vero mortis, quasi omnibus nascebantur glandule incurabiles, circa genitalia, vel sub brachiis, vel aliis partibus, venenosis febribus sociate. Hi prima, vel secunda die expirabant; post tertiam, licet raro esset, aliqua spes salutis, aliqui somno capti, nunquam excitati, transibant. Contra hoc medici palam profitebantur se nescire remedium, quorum hac peste potissima pars defecit.
Report of Gabrielle de Mussis: Describes how the plague came from the city of Feodosia (Caffa) through sailors to Genoa and how it spreads rapidly about complete Italy, killing thousands and leading to mass deaths and panic. The society was overwhelmed by death and grief. The suffering is seen as a punishment from God.
Sane, quia ab oriente in occidentem transiuimus, licet omnia discutere que vidimus et cognouimus probabilimus argumentis, et que possumus deij terribilia Judicia declarare. audiant vniuersi et lacrimis habundare cogantur. Inquit enim conctipotens, delebo hominem quem creaui a facie terre. quia caro et sanguis est , in cinerem et puluerem conuertetur. Spiritus meus non permanebit in homine. Quid putas bone deus, sie tuam creaturam delere, et humanum genus, sic jubes, sic mandas subito depperire . vbi misericordia tua, vbi fedus patrum nostrorum.vbi est uirgo beata, que suo gremio continet peccatores. vbi martirum preciosus sanguis vbi confessorum et uirginum Agmina decorata, et tocius exercitus paradixi. qui pro peccatoribus rogare non desinunt . vbi mors Christi preciosa crucis, et nostra redemptio admirabilis. Cesset obsecro ira tua bone deus, nec sic conteras peccatores, ut fructu multiplicato penitencie. Aufferas omne malum nec cum iniustis iusti clampnentur quia misericordiam vis et non sacrificium. Te audio peccatorem, uerba mein auribus instillantem. Stille jubeo . Misericordie tempora deffecerunt. Deus uocor ulcionum. libet peccata et scelera vindicare. dabo signa mea inorientibus preuenti studeant animarum prouidere saluti. Sic euenit a preffata Caffensi terra,nauigio discedente, quedam paucis gubernata nautis, eciam uenenato morbo infectis Januam Applicarunt quedam venecijs quedam (p. 50) alijs partibus christianorum. Mirabile dictu. Nauigantes, cum ad terras aliquas accedebant, ac si rnaligni spiritus comitantes, mixtis hominibus Intererint. omnis ciuitas, omnis locus, omnis terra et habitatores eorum vtriusque sexus, morbi contagio pestifero uenenati, morte subita corruebant. Et cum unus ceperat Egrotari, mox cadens et moriens vniuersam familiam uenenabat. Iniciantes, ut cadauera sepelirent, mortis eodem genere corruebant. Sic sic mors per fenestras Intrabat. et depopullatis vrbibus et Castellis, loca, suos deffunctos acolas deplorabant. Dic dic Janua, quid fecisti. Narra Sijcilia, et Insule pellagi copiose, Judicia deij. Explica venecia, Tuscia, et tota ytalia, quid agebas. Nos Januensis et venetus dei Judicia reuellare compellimus. Proh dolor Nostris ad vrbes, classibus applicatis, Intrauimus domos nostras. Et quia nos grauis Infirmitas detinebat . et nobis de Mille Navigantibus vix decem supererant, propinqui, Affines, et conuicini ad nos vndique confluebant. heu nobis, qui mortis Jacula portabamus, dum amplexibus et osculis nos tenerent, ex ore, dum uerba uerba loquebamur, venenuni fundere cogebamur. Sic illi ad propria reuertentes, mox totam familiam venenabant . et Infra triduum, percussa familia, mortis Jaculo subiacebat, exequias funeris pro pluribus ministrantes, crescente numero deffunctorum pro sepulturis terra sufficere non ualebant. presbiteri et medici , quibus Infirmorum cura rnaior necessitatis Articulis Iminebat, dum Infirmos uisitare satagunt, proh dolor, recedentes Infirmi, deffunctos statim subsequuntur. O, patres. O, matres, O, filij, et vxores, gros diu prosperitas, Incollumes conseruauit, nec Infelices et Infeliciores, pre ceteris, vos simul, eadem sepultura concludit qui pari numdo fruebamini leticia et omnis prosperitas aridebat . qui gaudia uanitatibus miscebatis, idem tumulus vos suscepit, vermibus esca datos. O mors dura, mors Impia, mors aspera, mors crudelis, que sic parentes diuidis, dissocias coniugatos, filios Interficis, fratres separas , et sonores . plangimus, miseri calamitates nostras.
Since we have traveled from the east to the west, we are permitted to discuss all that we have seen and known with probable arguments and to declare the terrible judgments of God that we can. Let everyone hear and be compelled to overflow with tears. For the Almighty says, "I will destroy the man whom I have created from the face of the earth, because he is flesh and blood, and he will be turned into ashes and dust. My spirit will not remain in man." What do you think, good God, about thus destroying your creation and commanding the human race to suddenly perish in this way? Where is your mercy, where is the covenant with our fathers? Where is the blessed Virgin who holds sinners in her lap? Where is the precious blood of the martyrs, where are the decorated bands of confessors and virgins, and the entire army of paradise? They do not cease to pray for sinners. Where is the precious death of Christ on the cross and our admirable redemption? Cease, I beseech you, your anger, good God, and do not crush sinners so that the fruit of penance may multiply. Remove all evil, and do not let the just be condemned with the unjust, for you desire mercy, not sacrifice. I hear you, sinner, instilling my words in your ears. I command you to stop. The times of mercy have ended. I am called the God of vengeance. I am pleased to avenge sins and crimes. I will give my signs to those in the east, let them strive to ensure the salvation of their souls. Thus it happened that from the aforementioned land of Caffa, a certain ship, governed by a few sailors, even infected with the venomous plague, set sail and arrived at Genoa. Some went to Venice, others to other parts of Christendom. It is incredible to say. When the sailors approached any lands, as if accompanied by malignant spirits, mixing with the people, every city, every place, every land and its inhabitants of both sexes, infected by the contagious pestilence, suddenly collapsed in death. And when one began to fall sick, soon falling and dying, he poisoned the entire household. Those who came to bury the corpses fell by the same kind of death. Thus, death entered through the windows, and with the cities and castles depopulated, the places mourned their dead inhabitants. Tell, Genoa, what have you done? Tell, Sicily, and the numerous islands of the sea, declare the judgments of God. Explain, Venice, Tuscany, and all of Italy, what were you doing. We Genoese and Venetians are compelled to reveal the judgments of God. Oh, sorrow, when we arrived at our cities with our fleets, we entered our homes. And since we were held by a severe illness, with scarcely ten of us out of a thousand sailors surviving, relatives, friends, and neighbors flocked to us from everywhere. Alas for us, who bore the arrows of death, as they held us in their embraces and kisses, while we spoke words, we were compelled to pour out poison from our mouths. Thus, they returning to their homes, soon poisoned their entire household. And within three days, the family struck by the arrow of death lay dead, and those attending the funerals of many could not find enough earth for burials, as the number of the dead increased. Priests and doctors, whose care for the sick was most needed, while striving to visit the sick, oh sorrow, leaving the sick, immediately followed the dead. Oh, fathers, oh mothers, oh sons, and wives, whom prosperity long preserved unharmed, neither the unfortunate nor the most unfortunate were buried together in the same grave. Those who enjoyed equal prosperity and happiness, the same tomb received, given as food for worms. Oh harsh death, impious death, bitter death, cruel death, that thus divides parents, separates spouses, kills sons, and separates brothers and sisters. We, the miserable, lament our calamities.
Report of Gabrielle de Mussis describes how the plague destabilized the social cohesion and moreover the report see the reason for the plague in a punishment of god. The text calls for repentance and humility to appease God's wrath.
edet plura contexere, et tante Calamitatis uulnera denudare. Contremescat omnis creatura, Judicio deij perterita,et suo creatori, humana fragilitas, non resistat . plus dolor, cordibus accendatur et oculi omnium uberes in lacrimas prorumptur. Audiant vituri (victuri ?) seculi huius calamitatis euentum. Jacebat solus languens in domo. ullus proximus accedebat. Cariores flentes, tantum Angulis se ponebant. Medicus non trabat. Sacerdos attonitus, ecclesiastica sacramenta timidus ministrabat. Ecce vox flebilis Infirmantis clamabat. Misereminj miseremini saltem vox amici mei , quia manus domini tetigit me. Alter Aiebat. O pater cur me deseris, esto non immemor geniture Aliuus. O. Mater ubi es, cur heri mihi pia modo crudelis efficeris. que mihi lac vberum propinasti, et nouem niensibus, vtero portasti. Alter, O, filij, quos sudore et laboribus multis educavi cur fugitis. Versa vice vir et vxor Inuiceni extendebant, heu nobis, qui placido coniugio lectabamur, nunc tristi, proh dolor diuorcio separamus. Et cum jn extremis laboraret egrotus, voces adhuc lugubres emittebat. Accedite proximi et (p. 54) convicinj mel . En siclo, aque gutam porrigite sicienti viuo Ego .Nolite timere. Forsitan viuere plus licebit. tangite me. Rogo, palpitate corpusculum , certe nunc me tangere deberetis. Tune quispiam, pietate ductus remotis ceteris, accenssa in pariete candelam iuxta Caput fugiens lmprimebat(?) Et cum spiritus exalaret sepe mater filium, et maritus uxorem, cum omnes deffunctum tangere recusarent in capsia pannis obuolutum ponebant. Non preco, non tuba, non Campana, nec 1lissa solempniter celebrata ad funus amicos et proximos Inuitabant. 1Iagnos et nobiles ad sepulturam gestabant vifes et abiecte perssone conducte peccunia, quia deffunctis consimiles, pauore percussi , accedere non audebant. Diebus ac noctibus, cum necessitas deposcebat, breuj ecclesie officio, tradebantur sepulcris .clausis frequenter dom'ibus deffunctorum, nullus Intrare, nec res deffunctorum tangere presumebat. Quicquid actum fuerit, omnibus Inotescat, vno post Alium decedente omnes tandem mortis Jaculo deffecerunt. O durum et triste spectaculum vniuersis . quis pia compassione non lugebat. et superuenientis pestis cladis et morbi teribilibus non turbetur. Indurata sunt corda nostra et nullam futurorum memoriam computamus. Heu nobis . Ecce hereditas nostra uersa est, ad Alienos et domus nostre ad extraneos. Addant si uolunt superstiltes , nempe lacrimas singultibus occupatus procedere uon valleo. quia vndique mors, vbique amaritudo describitur . plus et plus lterato, manus ornnipotentis extenditur. Judicium teribile, continuatis temporibus Inualescit. § Quid faciemus, o, bone yhesu animas suscipe deffunctorum. Auerte fadem tuam a pec catis nostrijs . et omnes iniquitates nostras delle. Scimus seimus, quia quicquid patimur peccata nostra merentur. Apprehendite igitur disciplinam , ne quando Irascatur Klominus, et pereatis de via iusta . humilientur ergo superbi. Errubescant Auari, qui pauperum detinent ellemosinas lmpeditas. Invidi caritate calescant. Lusuriosi spreta putredine, honestatis regula decorentur. Effrenes, Irracundi, salutis sue terminos non excedant. Gulosi Jeiunijs temperentur. Et quibus accidia dominatur, bonis operibus Induantur. Non sic, non sic adolesceutes et Juuenes, vestibus delectentur in cultu. Sit fides et equitas In Judicibus: (p. 55) Sit legalitas Merchatorum. Notariorum parua et inordinata eondictio, prius discat, et sapiat , quam scribere meditetur. Religiosorum abiciatur ypocrisis. Ordinetur in melius dignitas prelatorum. Omnis populus viam salutis Impetrare festines. Et dominarum pomposa vanitas, que sic uoluptatibus Imiscetur, freno moderata procedat. contra quarum arroganciam ysayas, suo vaticinio resonabat . pro eo quod elleuate sunt filie Syon , et ambulauerunt extento collo, et nutibus oculorum ibant et plaudebant ambulabant, et pedibus suis, composito grade Incedebant decaluabit dominus verticem filiarum Syon et dominus crinem earum nudabit. In die illa aufferet dominus, ornatum calciamentorum lunullas et torques, monilia, et Armillas, mitras et discriminalia, periscelidas, et niurenullas, et olfactoriola, et in Aures Annullos . et gemas in fronte pendentes, et nmtatoria, et paliola, et linteamina, et acus, et specula, et Syndones, et nittas, et terristra. et erit pro suavi odore fetor, et pro Zona funiculus, et pro crispanti crine caluicium, et pro fascia pectorali cillicium.puicerimi quoque viri tui gladio cadent , et fortes tui in prelio. et moerebuntur atque lugebunt ponte eins . et dessolata terra manebit. hec contra dominarum et Juuenum superbiam elleuatum.
Price increase of groceries parallel to the occurrence of the Black Death.
Mai no foro sà care cose de infermeria: / picciolu pollastregliu quatro solli valia, / e l'obu a duj denair e a tri se vennia, / delle poma medemmo era gra' carestia. / Cose medecinali ongi cosa à passato, / ché l'oncia dello zuccaro a secte solli è stato; / l'oncia delli tradanti se' solli è conperato, / e dello melescristo altro tanto n'è dato. / La libra dell' uva passa tri solli se vennia, / li nocci delle manole duj solli se dagia, / [p. 242] dece vaca de mori un denaro valia, / quanno n'aviano dudici bo' derrata paria.
Never a hole knows the dear things of the infirmary: / the small chicken is worth four coins, / and the bird is worth two and three coins, / and the medemma apple was a great famine. / Medecinal things every thing has passed, / because the ounce of the pumpkin was a hundred coins; / the ounce of the trader is a hundred coins, / and the meleschrist is another thousand coins. / La libra dell' uva passa tri solli se vennia, / li nocci delle manole duj solli se dagia, / [p. 242] dece vaca de mori un denaro valia, / quanno n'aviano dudici bo' derrata paria.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, pp. 513-514.
The Master Johan Dannekowe explains the great plague in Magdeburg and Lübeck by a conjunction and a solar eclipse. In addition, the Jews were accused of poisoning people during this time.
666. In deme sulven jare schref mester Johan Dannekowe, de wiseste mester in der kunst astronomia, de to den tyden in Dudeschen landen was, von deme stervende van Meydeborch to Lubeke sinen sunderliken vrunden. he schref: 'wetet van der suke des stervendes, als my dunket, dat de sake desser suke was unde is en eclipsis des manen, de dar was vor der samelunghe der planeten Jovis unde Saturni in deme jare Godes 1345 an unser vrowen nacht in der vastene der bodescap, unde was an deme negheteynden daghe des Merten, an der nacht dar na des sulven jares, unde was desse eclipsis an dem mynsliken (p. 514) tekene, als an deme tekene, dat de libra eder de waghe heited, unde de ascendens des halven eclipsis was des scorpionis tzaghel. dor der stede willen betekende de eclipsis over mynslike slechte unde dor des ascendens willen, dar de planete Mars here over is, betekent he mordent unde sukent, unde na wane dor des schorpionis tzaghels willen betekent he vorghift; unde wente desse vorsproken eclipsis was an der tiid der sammelunghe der grotesten planeten Saturni unde Jovis, als hir vor sproken is, wente se beide warn in deme sulven enen grade, dar umme betekent he langhe warenden anval, als de hoghe mester Ptolomeus sprekt in deme boke quadriperto. mer ik hope, dat Almania van desser betekenunghe nicht vele liden schal, wente aries dat teken is over Almanien, unde Mars de planeta, de dar here is over dat teken aries, was here des ascendentis desses eclipsis. 667. Nu hadden ok de joden grote mestere in der sulven kunst astronomia, de langhe vorgheseen hadden de tiid des stervendes. Do ghewunnen de joden arghe danken, unde wurden des to rade, dat se mit vorghifnisse hemeliker sake unde mit arghen dinghen tolegheden unde hulpen desseme vorbenomenden tokomenden stervende, uppe dat se dar nicht ane vordacht worden unde wolden sik vryen van der eghenscap, dar se inne syn. nu wolde Ghod, dat dit to wetene wart den mechtighen heren in den landen unde den guden steden; de worden des to rade, dat se de undat wreken wolden an den joden, unde sloghen se in manighen landen unde in menigher stat to dode.
666. In the same year (1348), Master Johan Dannekowe, the wisest master in the art of astronomy in the German lands at the time, wrote to his special friends about the plague that affected Magdeburg and Lübeck. He wrote: “Be aware of the cause of this plague, as I see it, which was an eclipse of the moon that occurred before the conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn in the year of our Lord 1345, on the night of the Annunciation of Our Lady, during Lent, on the 29th day of March, and the following night of the same year. This eclipse happened in a human sign, namely in the sign of Libra (the Scales), and the ascendant of the partial eclipse was in the sting of Scorpio. Due to its position, the eclipse signified harm to humanity, and due to the ascendant, which is ruled by the planet Mars, it signifies death and disease, and furthermore, due to the influence of Scorpio's sting, it signifies poison. Because this mentioned eclipse occurred at the time of the conjunction of the great planets Saturn and Jupiter, as was spoken of before, since they both were in the same degree, it therefore indicates a prolonged assault, as the great master Ptolemy speaks of in the book Quadripartite. However, I hope that Germany will not suffer greatly from this omen, since Aries is the ruling sign over Germany, and Mars, the planet that governs Aries, was in the position of the ascendant for this eclipse. 667. Now, the Jews also had great masters in the same art of astronomy, who had foreseen the time of the plague long before. Then, the Jews developed evil intentions and decided to add to the impending plague by means of poison and wicked deeds, to avoid being blamed for it themselves and to free themselves from the distress they were in. But God willed that this knowledge came to the attention of the powerful lords in the lands and the good cities, who resolved to take revenge for this evil on the Jews, and they put many to death in numerous lands and various cities.”
"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua", p. 133.
Cap. CLIIII - De mortalitate que fuit MCCCXLVIII In quel anno di gran mortalità venìa / ben che in del passato zià era stato, / di gaudusse a l' inguinaie morìa. / L'uno anno e l' altro si fu terminato / li due parti di li zente morire, / cinquantamila co conta extimato. / Li biade per li campi no choiere, / li uve in su li vigni si romanìa / non era chi curasse de quelli avire. / Li chase vode abandonate stasìa, / non era alchuno chi di roba curasse, / zaschuno per ascampar pensier facìa.
Chapter CLIIII - On the Mortality of 1348 In that year of great mortality, it came / even though in the past it had already been, / people died of swelling in the groin. / One year and the next it was finished / two-thirds of the people died, / estimated at fifty thousand in total. / The grain in the fields did not grow, / the grapes on the vines remained, / there was no one who cared for those possessions. / The houses stood empty and abandoned, / there was no one who cared for goods, / everyone thought only of escaping..
The beginning and the origins of the Black Death in the Middle East; High mortality in Lucca, Pisa, Venice from February to June.
In lo dicto millesimo si fu una grandissima mortalità in più parte del mondo, specialmente a Zenoa, a Pisa, a Lucha, a Vinexia, in Avignone, in la Cicilia, e più città si facea guardia, de che queste città prescripte le persone de quelle non gli potesseno entrare. Et questo si cominzò in 1347, e pare che el commenzamento fusse al Chataio et in Persia, che gli piové aqua cum vermi et appuzolava tucte le persone et contrade, et possa parve che gli chadesse balotte facte como uno homo a grossa la testa et parea neve et como elle erano in terra che ardeano la terra et le prede, come fusseno legne; sì che disesse ch'ele fevano fumo grandissimo et quanti [p. 583] vedeva questo subbito chadevano morti. De che pare che da x galee de Christiani, zoè de Zenovisi, Ceciliani et d' altre parte, arivaseno là, et sentino de questo, et comminzono a morire; de che se partino et zaschuno s'apressò d'arivare alle soe contrade, et in ogni parte, là dove elli arivavano, si diseano' questa pistolenza, che zaschuno che gli odiva o vedeva, incontenti si era morto, o vero infermo; de che la mortaligha in le città sopradicte è 't sì forte et sì fiera che christiano non lo poteva contare. Et si vidi la lettera lá ove queste cose erano scripte, che da cielo era chazù tre prede grosse quanto è uno barile da mele zaschuna, et havela innanzi che questa mortaligha fusse in Ytalia; et fu dà la lettera a Pisa et de llì io l'avi. Questa mortalità da Lucha, da Pisa, da Vinexia fu in lo mille 3e 48, de febraro, de marzo, d'aprile, de mazo et de zugno.
In the said thousandth year, there was a great mortality in many parts of the world, especially in Zenoa, Pisa, Lucha, Vinexia, Avignon, and Cicilia, and more cities were guarded, so that these cities prescribed that the people of those cities could not enter them. And this began in M3cxl7, and it seems that the beginning was at Chataio and in Persia, that it rained water with worms and it appuzzolava all the people and lands, and it seemed to him that there fell boulders made like a man with a large head and it seemed like snow and how they were on the ground that burned the earth and the prey, as if they were wood; so that he said that they made very great smoke and those who [p. 583] saw this sub-burden. 583] saw this immediately fell dead. So it seems that from x galleys of Christians, namely from Zenovisi, Ceciliani and others, they arrived there, and heard of this, and began to die; So they departed and each one opened up to reach his own quarters, and in every place, where they arrived, they said to each other, that each one who hated them, or saw them, met with death, or was truly ill; so that the mortality in the cities above is so strong and so fierce that the Christians could not count it. Et si vidi la lettera lá ove queste cose erano scripte, che da cielo era chazù tre prede grosse quanto è uno barile da mele zaschuna, et havela innteriormente che questa mortaligha fusse in Ytalia; et fu dà la lettera a Pisa et de llì l'avvi. This mortality from Lucha, from Pisa, from Venice was in 1348, in February, de March, April, May and June.
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The beginning and the origins of the Black Death in the Middle East and about the severe earthquake especially in Villach.
In 1348 in Italia e per tuto lo mondo, circha l'ora de vespero, fonno grandissimi teramoti adì 25 de zenaro. El quale teramoto fo sentito per tuto el mondo e masimamente in le parti de Charantana, donde è una citade nome Vilach, la quale fo tuta somerssa per lo ditto teramoto; e fo contado e scrito per merchatanti che ne le parte del Chatay piovè grandisima quantitade de vermi e de serpenti li quali devoravano de le persone. Anchora in quele contrade del Chatay e de Persia piové fuogo da zielo a modo neve, el quale fuogo bruxò li monti e la terra e gli omeni, el quale fuogo faceva fumo tanto pesetelenziale chi chi lo sentìa morìa [p. 590] in fra spacio de 12 ore. Anchora chi guardava quili, ch'erano avenenati da quelo fumo, moriano. E avene che doe Zenoixi, passando per dita contrada fono infiziati de questa pistilenzia e cominzarno a morire. E prevenuti a Costantinopoli e in Pera incontenenti queli comenzono a morire in quele citade in tal modo che ne morì li dui terzi de le persone; e, andate quelle doe galee in Sizilia e in Misina, apichono la mortalitade in quele contrade dove morì 530 milia persone. E una citade de quelo reame che à nome Prapani remaxe dexabitada per quella pistilenzia. E in la cità de Zenora morì circa 40 milia persone. Anchora a la zitade de Marsilia remaxe quaxi desabitada. La quale pistilenzia fo per tuto lo mondo. E in quelo anno, per la nativitade de Ihesu Christo, aparve uno fuogo ne l'aiera, el quale tenìa da livante a ponente. [p. 591] E ne le parte de Catalogna cade tre prede grandissime e quili de quele contrade mandono una de quele prede su uno mulo al re de Catalogna. [...] [p. 592] E per quelo ch'io trovo, quella pistilenzia fo per tuto lo mondo: Unde fo scrito per merchadanti che in la cità de Parixi, in uno dì forno sepelidi 1328 persone, e molte citdae de Franza e d'oltra monti romaxeno quasi desabitade. E in Venexia e de Chioza se disse che ogni dì circha 600 persone, e similmente de Pixa.
In 1348 in Italy and all over the world, around the hour of evening, there was a great earthquake on the 25th of January. This earthquake was heard all over the world, and especially in the Charantana area, where there is a town called Vilach, which was completely submerged by this earthquake; and it was reported and written by merchants that in the Chatay area it rained a great quantity of worms and snakes which devoured people. Also in those parts of Chatay and Persia it rained snow-like gale-force winds, which burned the mountains and the earth and people, and which made such heavy smoke that those who felt it died within 12 hours. Even those who looked at those who were poisoned by that smoke died. And it came to pass that two Zenoixi, passing through the district, were infected with this pistilenzia and began to die. And when they came to Constantinople and Pera they began to die in those cities in such a way that two thirds of the people died; and when those two galleys went to Syzilia and Misina, they opened the mortality in those lands where 530 thousand people died. And a city of that realm, which is called Prapani, became inhabited by that people. And in the city of Zenora about 40 thousand people died. Anchora a la zitade de Marsilia remaxe quaxi desabitada. La quale pistilenzia fo per tutto lo mondo. E in quelo anno, per la nativitade de Ihesu Christo, a fuogo ne l'aiera aparve, el el el tenìa da livante a ponente. [p. 591] And in the part of Catalonia three very great preys fell, and those from those lands sent one of them on a mule to the King of Catalonia. [...] [p. 592] And from what I find, that pistilenzia was for all the world: so it was written by merchants that in the city of Parixi, in one day 1328 people were buried, and many cities of France and other mountains were almost deserted. And in Venice and Chioza it was said that every day about 600 people were buried, and similarly in Pisa.
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Report of Gabrielle de Mussis describes the spread and the demografical impact of the plague on various regions, including Genoa, Venice and the Orient. It details the victim number in these areas. The plague caused massive losses in populations, with the Saracens being particularly hard-hit.
Hec de Januensibus, quorum pars Septima vix Remansit. Hec de venetis, quorurn In Inquisitione facta super defunctis asseritur, ex centenario ultra Septuaginta. Et ex viginti quatuor medicis excellentibus, viginti, paruo tempore deffecisse& ex alijs partibus ytalie, Sycilie, et Apulie, cum suis circumdantibus plurimum dessolatis congemunt, Pisanij, lucenses, suis acollis denudati, dolores suos exagerant uehementer. Romana Curia, prouincie citra, et vltra Rodanum, hyspania, Francia, et latissime Regiones, Allamaniae, suos exponant dolores, et clades, cum sit mihi in narrando difficultas eximia. Sed quid acciderit Saracenis, constat Relatibus fide dignis. Cum igitur Soldanus plurimos habeat subiugatos, ex sola Babilonis vrbe vbi thronnm et dominium habet, tribus mensibus non elapsis. In MCCCXLVIII. CCCCLXXX.M morbi cladibus Interempti dicuntur, quod quidem Innotuit ex Registro Soldani, abi nomina mortuorum notantur, a quorum quolibet recipit bisancium vnum, quando sepulture traduntur. Taceo Damascum et (p. 52) ceteras vrbes eius, quarum Infinitus extitit numerus deffunctorum. Sed de alijs Regionibus oriientis, que per trienium vis (!) poterunt equitari, cum tanta sit multitudo degentium, ut quando occidens vnum, genera X .M [10,000] Oriens producat. et nos refferunt, Insulatos, credendum et Innumerabiles deffecisse.
Regarding the Genoese, scarcely one-seventh of them survived. Regarding the Venetians, it is reported from investigations of the deceased that out of every hundred, more than seventy died. Of the twenty-four excellent physicians, twenty perished in a short time. Other parts of Italy, Sicily, and Apulia, along with their surrounding areas, mourn their extreme desolation. The people of Pisa and Lucca, stripped of their neighbors, deeply lament their pain. The Roman Curia, provinces on both sides of the Rhône, Spain, France, and the vast regions of Germany express their sorrows and calamities, making it exceedingly difficult for me to recount them all. But what happened to the Saracens is known from trustworthy reports. The Sultan, having many subjects, in the city of Babylon alone, where he has his throne and dominion, in less than three months in the year 1348, is said to have lost 480,000 people to the plague, as noted in the Sultan's registry, where the names of the deceased are recorded, each paying a bisancium for their burial. I omit Damascus and other cities under his rule, where the number of the dead was immense. As for other regions of the East, which could not be traversed in three years due to the great number of inhabitants, when one dies in the West, the East produces ten thousand more. Reports indicate that countless people perished on the islands as well.
Small outbreak of the plague in Milan with only three dead families
Et a Milano non fue sì grande, chè vi morì in tucto tre famiglie alle quali furono murati usci e finestre, et non andò più innanzi, et misonvi fuocho inelle chase.
And in Milan, it was not so great, because three families died there, whose doors and windows were walled up, and they did not go any further, and put fire in the houses.
In Milan just a small outbreak of the plague with only 3 dead families.
A Melano (p. 147) non vi morì se non tre famiglie, alle case di quelli funno murati li usci e lle finestre, ma fu per tutta Lonbardia.
In Milan (p. 147) only three families died there, the houses of those families had their doors and windows walled up, but it was all over Lombardy.
Template:Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX, pp. 2212–2214
A report from Francesco Petrarca to the bishop of Padua about the actions of a Carthusian monk in Méounes-lès-Montrieux during the plague of 1348, who was against fleeing the plague and helped his friars dying of the plague without fear. He rebuilt his monastery after the severe plague wave.
Cum pestis hec que omnes terras ac maria pervagata est, ad vos ex ordine venisset et castra in quibus Cristo militas, invasisset, priorque tuus, vir alioquin, ut ipse novi, sancti ardentisque propositi, tamen inopino malo territus, hortaretur fugam, te illi cristiane simul ac philosophice respondisse acrius iret quo se dignum crederet, te in custodia tibi a Cristo credita permansurum; cumque iterum et iterum instaret et inter terrores alios sepulcrum quoque tibi defuturum minaretur, dixisse te illam tibi ex omnibus ultimam curam esse, neque enim tua interesse sed superstitum quali iaceas sepultura; illum postremo cessisse ad penates patrios nec ita multo post morte illuc eum insequente subtractum, te vero incolumem, Eo apud quem est fons vite protegente, mansisse; et cum diebus paucis mors quattuor et triginta qui illic erant, abstulisset, solum in (p. 2212) monasterio resedisse. Illud addebant te nullo morbi contagio deterritum, astitisse fratribus tuis expirantibus et suprema verba atque oscula excipientem et gelida corpora lavantem, sepe uno die tres plures ve tuis manibus indefesso pietatis obsequio sepelisse et exportasse tuis humeris, cum iam qui foderet aut qui iusta morientibus exhiberet, nemo esset; solum te ad ultimum cum cane unico remansisse, totis noctibus vigilantem, modica lucis parte necessarie quieti data, cum interim predones nocturni, quorum feracissima est regio, sepe per intempeste noctis silentia locum invadentes a te, imo a Cristo qui tecum erat, nunc pacificis nunc acrioribus verbis exclusi, nichil damni sacris edibus inferre potuerint; cum vero transisset estas illa terribilis, misisse et ad proxima servorum Cristi loca ut aliquis tibi loci tui custos mitteretur; quo facto ivisse Cartusiam et ab illo, religionis nunc cultore unico in terris, priore loci inter tres et octuaginta priores alienigenas te non priorem, singulari et insolito honore susceptum, obtinuisse ut tibi prior ac monachi darentur quos e diversis conventibus elegisses, quibus desertum morte tuorum monasterium reformares, teque hoc velut eximio triumpho letissimum rediisse.
When the plague that swept over all lands and seas inevitably reached you and invaded your camp, where you were fighting for Christ, your prior, otherwise of pious and ardent zeal, as I know myself, in horror at the unexpected destruction, advised to flee. Yet, you responded to him with Christian and philosophical wisdom, stating that his counsel would be welcome if there were any place impervious to death. Thereafter, he stressed the necessity of departure with no less urgency, to which you responded more firmly, telling him to go wherever he pleased, while you intended to remain steadfast at the post entrusted to you by Christi. And in response to his repeated entreaties, with which he threatened you with many horrors, including the lack of a proper burial, you replied that in the midst of all worries, your concern for how you would lie in the end was the least, for it was not your duty to worry about it; rather, it should concern the survivors. Following this, he finally left for the ancestral household gods, and not long afterward, Death, pursuing him, overtook him there, while you were spared, thanks to your protector, in whom 'the source of life' resides. Certainly, in a matter of a few days, Death claimed thirty-four occupants in that place, and you were the only one left in the monastery. They also added the following: You fearlessly provided aid to your dying brethren, accepting their last words and embraces, washing their lifeless bodies, often carrying three or more of them on your shoulders in unwavering devotion on a single day, and burying them with your own hands, as there was no one else to dig graves or attend to the dying. In the end, when you were alone with only a single dog, you spent whole nights awake and allowed yourself only a modest portion of bright daylight for necessary rest. By that time, nocturnal thieves, who found that area highly fertile, often assaulted that place in the still of the deepest night, but through you, or rather with the assistance of Christ, they were repelled, either by peaceful or sharp words, so that they could not harm the consecrated buildings. However, when that dreadful summer came to an end, you sent a request to the servants of Christ in nearby settlements, asking them to send a guardian for your monastery. Subsequently, you moved to the Chartreuse, where you were received by the prior, who was now the sole representative of the order in that region, and by eighty-three foreign priors, with exceptional and unique honors, even though you were a non-prior. You managed to secure a prior and monks from different convents to revitalize the empty monastery following the death of your brothers.
1348-00-00-Méounes-lès-Montrieux# QUERYdf917264aae58d324ba4b678afa56457
Black Death leads to the withdrawal of King Louis the Great of Hungary
Eodem millesimo et temporibus maxima pestis mortalitatis fuit in civitate Neapolim, in qua mortui sunt in duobus mensibus LXIIIIm; quapropter rex Ungarie recessit inde
Black Death in Norway in 1348. Pope Clement VI orders a mass called “Recordare Domine” to counter the Black Death in Avignon
Sniovar sva miklir ok islaug at engir mvndu slikan. Drepsótt ok mannfall sva mikit j Noregi ok i vt londum at enginn vissi dæmi til sliks fyrr siþan Noa floð var. ok eydduz bæði borgir ok bæir kastalar ok kauptvn sva skiott at nær engir fengu gert reikning sinn þar til. er Clemens pavi het fyrir at syngia skylldi messo þa er hann hafði componat þrim sinnum ok stanða á kniam með liosi. grasleysu sumar.
Such a harsh spring of snow and frozen hot springs that no one remembered anything alike. There was such a deadly disease and great loss of life in Norway and abroad that no one had known such an example since Noah's flood. And it laid waste both cities and villages, castles and market towns so swiftly that almost no one was able to give account (before God] until Pope Clement called to sing a mass for the remission of sins, of which he had composed three, where [all] should stand on their knees with candles. Grassless summer.
Eodem millesimo (1348). Relata fuerunt nova in partibus Lombardie, quod die XIIIo martii sepulti fuerunt in civitate Parixius propter maximam pestem mortalitatis MCCCXXVIII homines sine aliis, de quibus non fiebat mentio; propter quod rex fugerat inde, et iverat castrum quoddam extra districtum, Parixius. Regina ipsius uxor cum unico filio et duobus nepotibus defuncti erant, et ali multi nobiles, et similiter in partibus circumstantibus, et in quadam civitate, que dicebatur Nobellexe, in qua habitabant circa MM homines armorum, non remanserat nisi CC. Alia civitas Avarexe inhabitabilis effeta erat, alie cuiusdam civitates pro maiori parte subverse et submerse erant et in partibus illis apparuerunt locuste que devoraverunt bladas, et arbores et alia mira satis.
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, p. 439.
List of noble victims of the Black Death across the Holy Roman Empire and France; impact on Paris and the Hundred Years War in Gascony.
Anno Domini M°CCC°XLIX° predicto in pestilencia moriebantur circa finem anni filia Karoli Romani regis et Bohemie, regina Ungarie, item soror eiusdem reigs, uxor Iohannis primogeniti Franci. Item uxor Franci de Burgundia; qui Francus filiam regis Navarnie pulcherrimam de suo genere duxit uxorem. Item primogenitus ducis Brabancie, gener predicti Iohannis. Item et domina de Couzin, filia quondam Lupoldi ducis Austrie, et Conradus de Medeburg maritus eius. Item filia regis Sicilie, uxor Stephani ducis Bavarie, relictis sibi pluribus liberis. Qui Stephanus filiam burggravii in Nurenberg duxit uxorem. Tantaque fuit in Francia et in Anglia pestilencia, quod Parisius et in pluribus locis vix nonus homo dicitur remansisse. Et cessare incepit. Anglus quoque, qui durante pestilencia quievit non inquietando Francum, iterum cessante pestilencia in Wasconia per suos Francum invadit, aliquas municiones expugnans et terram quasi usque ad Tholosam sue subiecens dicioni.
In the year of our Lord 1349, during the aforementioned pestilence, towards the end of the year, died the daughter of Charles, King of the Romans and Bohemia, the Queen of Hungary [Margaret of Luxembourg, died 7 September 1349 in Viségrad], as well as his sister [Jutta/Bonne of Luxembourg, died 11 September 1349 at Maubuisson], the wife of John, the eldest son of the King of France. Also, the wife of the French Duke of Burgundy [Jeann, died 12 December 1348]; this Frenchman married the most beautiful daughter of the King of Navarre from his lineage. Also, the eldest son of the Duke of Brabant, son-in-law of the aforementioned John. Also, the Lady of Coucy, [Catherine of Austria] daughter of Duke Leopold of Austria, and Burggrave Konrad I. of Maidburg, her husband. Also, the daughter of the King of Sicily, [Elisabeth of Sicily] wife of Stephen, Duke of Bavaria, leaving behind several children [died 21 March 1349 in Landshut] . This Stephen married the daughter of the Burggrave of Nuremberg. The plague was so severe in France and England that in Paris and in many places barely one out of nine persons is said to have remained alive. And it began to cease. Also, the English, who during the plague refrained from troubling the French, once the plague ceased, invaded Gascony through their own territory, capturing some fortifications and subjecting the land almost up to Toulouse to their rule.
Report of Gabrielle de Mussis describes the impact of the plague in various regions, particularly in Bobbio and Piacenza. The plague spread rapidly and the mortality was very high, also among clerics.
morbos et Interitus omnes studeant suis literis apperire. Verum quia placentinus plus de placentinis scriber[e surr hortatus, quid acciderit placencie, MCCCXLVIII. ceteris Inotescat Quidam Januenses, quos morbus egredi compelebat cupientes locis salubribus collocari, transactis Alpibus ad lombardie se planiciem contullerunt. Et quidam Mercimonia defferentes, dum in Bobio hospitati fuissent, vendictis (!) ibi mercibus, accidit ut Emptor et hospes, cum tota familia, pluresque vicini subito Infecti morbo perierunt. Quidam ibi suum volens condere Testamentum notario, et presbitero confessore, ac testibus omnibus auocatis mortuus est . et die sequenti omnes pariter tumulati fuerunt. Et tanta postmodum ibi calamitas Invalavit, ut fere omnes habitatores ibidem repentina mode conciderint. quia post defunctos paucissimi remansserunt. Hec de Bobiensibus, Ceterum in Estate, dicto millesimo, alter Januensis, se transtulit ad territorium placentinum, qui morbi cladibus vexabatur. Et cum esset Infarmato , querens fulchinum de lacruce, quem bona amicicia diligebat, Nunc suscepit hospicio. qui statim moriturus occubuit. § post quem in mediate dictus fulchinus, cum tota familia, et multis vicinis expirauit. Et sic breuiter morbus ille effusus Intrauit placentiam. Nescio ubi possum lncipere. vndique planctus et lamenta consurgunt. Videns continuatis diebus Crucis defferi vexilla, corpus domini deportari, et mortuos absque numero sepeliri. Tantaque feit mortalitas subsecuta, ut vix possent homines respirare.superstites esse sepulturas parabant, deficiente terra pro tumullis per porticus et plateas ubi nunquam extiterat sepultura, fossas facere cogebantur. Accidit quoque frequenter, vt vir cum vxore, pater cum lilio et mater cum filia. demum post modicum tota familia, et plures, conuicini, simul et Eadem fuerint sepultura locati. Idem in Castro arquato, et vigoleno, et Alijs villis, locis, vrbibus et Castellis . et nouissime (p. 53) in valletidonj , ubi sine peste vixerant , plurimi ceciderunt Quidam dictus Obertus de sasso, qui de partibus morbosis processerat, inxta Ecclesiam Fratrum minorum, dum suum vellet facere Testamentum, conuocatis notario testibus et uicinis, omnes cum reliquis, ultra numero Sexaginta, Infra tempus modicum migrauerunt. Hoc tempore Religiosus vir frater Syfredus de Bardis conuentus et ordinis predicatorum, vir utique prudens et magne sciencie, qui Sepulcrum domini visitauerat cum XXIII eiusdem ordinis et conuentus. Item Religiosus vir frater Bertolinus coxadocha placentinus, minorum ordinis, sciencia, et multis virtutibus decoratus, cum alijs XXIIIj or sui ordinis, et conuentus, ex quibus nouem una die. Item ex conuentu heremitarum Vjj. Ex conuentu Carmelitarum, frater Franciscus todischus, cum Sex sui ordinis et conuentus. § Ex Seruis Beate marie IllIor. Et ex alijs prelatis et Rectoribus Ecclesiarum ciuitatis et destrictus placensis, ultra numero LX. Ex nobilibus multi. Ex juuenibus Infiniti. Ex mulieribus presertim pregnantibus , innumerabiles , paruo tempore deffecerunt.
Diseases and Deaths strive to reveal everything through their writings. However, because the Placentine (author) was encouraged to write more about the Placentines, what happened in Piacenza in 1348 should be known to others. Certain Genoese, compelled to leave by disease and desiring to settle in healthy places, after crossing the Alps, came down to the plains of Lombardy. And certain merchants, while they were staying in Bobbio, after selling their goods there, it happened that the buyer and the host, with his whole family and many neighbors, suddenly infected by the disease, perished. One man, wishing to make his will there, died after calling a notary, a priest-confessor, and all the witnesses. The next day, they were all buried together. And afterward, such a calamity prevailed there that almost all the inhabitants suddenly perished, with very few remaining after the dead. This about the people of Bobbio. Moreover, in the summer of the said year, another Genoese moved to the territory of Piacenza, which was afflicted by the ravages of disease. And while he was ill, seeking Fulchino de la Cruce, whom he loved with good friendship, he was received into hospitality. He immediately died. Shortly after, Fulchino himself, with his entire family and many neighbors, expired. And thus the disease briefly spread into Piacenza. I do not know where to begin. Wailing and lamentations arise everywhere. Seeing the procession of crosses day after day, the body of the Lord being carried, and the dead being buried without number. Such a great mortality followed that barely could men breathe. The survivors prepared graves, and as the land for tombs was exhausted, they were compelled to dig pits under porticos and in squares where there had never been burials. It also frequently happened that a man with his wife, a father with his son, and a mother with her daughter, shortly after, the entire family, and many neighbors, were buried together in the same grave. The same happened in the fortresses of Arquato and Vigoleno, and in other villages, places, cities, and castles. Finally, in the valley of Tidone, where they had lived without plague, many fell. A certain man named Obertus de Sasso, who came from plague-stricken parts, while he was making his will near the Church of the Friars Minor, after calling a notary, witnesses, and neighbors, all with the others, over sixty in number, died within a short time. At this time, a religious man, Brother Syfredus de Bardis of the convent and order of preachers, indeed a prudent man of great knowledge, who had visited the Holy Sepulcher with twenty-three others of the same order and convent. Also, a religious man, Brother Bertolinus Coxadocha of Piacenza, of the order of Minors, adorned with knowledge and many virtues, with thirty-four others of his order and convent, nine of whom died on the same day. Also, from the convent of hermits, seven. From the convent of Carmelites, Brother Franciscus Todischus, with six of his order and convent. From the Servants of Blessed Mary, four. And from other prelates and rectors of churches of the city and district of Piacenza, over sixty in number. Many of the nobility. Countless young men. Innumerable women, especially pregnant women, died in a short time.
1348-00-00-Piacenza# QUERY9bff32dd2955b40cfb1259eb3ca8fc3f
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 252
The Black Death appears in Poland and other kingdoms (Hungary, Bohemia, Denmark, France, Germany) caused by a polution of the air by the Jews.
Pestis horrenda in Polonia et aliis Regnis ex corruptione aeris per Iudaeos infecti: quam etiam terrae motus subsecutus est. Gravis epidemiae pestis apud Poloniae Regnum saeva mortalitate in universos irruens, non Poloniam tantummodo, sed et Hungariam, Bohemiam, Daciam, Franciam, Almanniam et fere universa Christianitatis et barbarica Regna horrenda lue quassavit.
There was a horrible plague in Poland and other kingdoms which resulted from the infection of the air by the Jews. And directly afterwards the earth shook. There was a grave epidemic of plague in the kingdom of Poland and a terrible mortality burst over them, not only in Poland, but also in Hungary, Bohemia, Denmark, France, Germany and pretty much the whole of Christianity and of the barbaric kingdoms where terribly shaken by the plague.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae
Eo namque tempore, anno videlicet domini MCCCXLVIII, in toto regno Siciliae, et generaliter per totum mundum, pestifera mortalitas perduravit et morbus talis, quod subito apparebat glandula in inguine hominis et infra duos aut tres dies ad tardius hominem occidebat. Sicque in terra ipsa tanta invaluit ipsa mortalitas, quod quasi modicus superfuit populus in eadem; et sic generaliter contigit in singulis civitatibus et casalibus regni hujus et mundi.
Appearance of the Black Death all across Southern Italy, with precise description of Symptoms
At that time, namely in the year of our Lord 1348, a pestilential mortality persisted throughout the entire kingdom of Sicily and generally throughout the whole world, and such a disease that a gland would suddenly appear in a man's groin and within two or three days at most, it would kill the person. And so, in that land, the mortality became so strong that almost only a small portion of the population remained; and this generally happened in every city and village of this kingdom and the world.
Apocalyptic origins of plague in Persia. Transported by the Genovese via Constantinople to Sicily and annihilation of Trapani
In parts of Persia, a great quantity of fire descended from the sky, which burned trees and people, and the smoke produced such a stench that those who inhaled it perished within the next twelve hours. Then, certain Genoese ships arrived in those parts, and immediately some of the sailors were infected; and wherever these ships traveled, a great mortality arose. When they sailed towards Constantinople, Pera, and Sicily, they infected everyone and people died. After arriving in Genoa, death struck rapidly, and many thousands of people perished. The city of Trapani remained uninhabited due to this plague
The Black Death in Venice, Chioggia and Pisa
Eodem millesimo et tempore maxim pestis mortalitatis fuit in Venetiis et Clugia, in quibus locis quolibet die sepelliebantur circa VIc corpora; et similiter pestis maxima fuit in civitate Pixarum.
In the same year and time, there was a great pestilence in Venice and Chioggia, where approximately 600 bodies were buried each day. Similarly, there was a great pestilence in the city of Pisa
Severe outbreak of Black Death in Pisa.
e così si partiro quelle maledette galee e vennero a Pisa a dì ... di gienaio, e come furono a Pisa nella piazza de' pesci e a qualunque favellavan subitamente amalavano di morbo e subito cadevano morti, e così che favellava a quelli amalati o tochasse alcuna di le loro cose, così di subito amalavano e morivano, e così si sparse per tutta Pisa, per modo che vi fu tal dì che ne moriva 400, e ognuno er inpaurito che l'uno non volea aiutare l'altro, el padre abandonava el figliuolo, el figluolo abandonava el padre e la madre e' fratelli, e la moglie el marito, e così nissuno aiutava l'altro, e ogni persona si fugìa, per tal modo ne morì tanti che [p. 553] Pisa fi fu abandonare e non si trovava medici che volessero curare, e a pena e' pochi preti davano la confessione e sagramenti, e non si trovava chi li sopellisse se no' el padre portava el figluolo, el marito portava la moglie a la fossa senza preti o croce, e molti rimaneano, chè non v'era chi li portasse a la fossa. E Dio promise però, che nissuno rimanesse in sul letto, nè in casa morto, che non fusse portato a la fossa de qualcuno dicendo: "Aiutiamo costoro, chè saremo aiutati noi, e portialli a la fossa, chè saremo portati noi"; e così come per morti molti si metteano e molti ne moriva e molti canpavano e molti facevano per denaro e molti per l'amor di Dio. E quelli che fugiano di Pisa erano divietati e non poteano entrare in terra alcuna, e durò questa morìa.
And so those accursed galleys departed and came to Pisa on the day ... of January, and as they were in Pisa in the square of the fish, and to whomever they spoke they immediately fell sick with the disease and immediately fell dead, and so that they spoke to those sick or touched any of their things, so they immediately fell sick and died, and so it spread throughout Pisa, so that there were some days when 400 died, and everyone was afraid that one did not want to help the other, the father abandoned the son, the son abandoned the father and the mother and the brothers, and the wife and her husband, and so no one helped the other, and each person fled, and so many died that [p. 553] Pisa was abandoned. 553] Pisa was abandoned and no doctors could be found who wanted to cure them, and it was a pity that few priests gave confession and sacraments, and there was no one to console them unless the father carried the child, and the husband carried his wife to the grave without priests or a cross, and many remained, because there was no one to carry them to the grave. And God promised, however, that no one would remain in bed, nor in the house dead, who was not brought to the grave of someone, saying: "Let us help these people, for we will be helped, and bring them to the grave, for we will be brought"; and in the same way many were put to death and many died, and many died for money and many for the love of God. And those who went out of Pisa were banned and could not enter any land, and this death lasted.
Template:Cronaca di Pisa 1963, pp. 96–97.
Outbreak of a severe plague with a high mortality in Pisa caused by the Genoese galleys.
Negli anni 1348, alla entrata di gennaio, venne a Pisa due ghalee di Genovesi le quali vennono di Romania, et chome furono gunti alla piaza del pesce, qualunque persona favellò a quelli delle decte due ghalee di subito si era amalato et morto, et qualunque favella allo infermo o tochasse di quegli morti, di subito amalava et moriva. Et chosì fu sparto lo grande furore per tucta la cictà di Pisa, in tanto che ogni persona moria; e fue si grande paure che niuno voleva vedere l'uno l'altro, nè llo padre il figliuolo nè llo figliuolo lo padre, nè ll'uno fratello l'altro, nè lla moglie il marito nè il marito la moglie et ongni persona fuggiè la morte; ma pocho valeva chè chiunque dovea morire si moria, et non si trovava persona gli sotterasse. Ma cquello Singniore che fecie il cielo e lla terra e 'l mare, provvide bene a ogni chosa; chè 'l padre, vedendo morire il figliuolo abandonato da ongni persona, ché niuno lo voleva tocchare, nè chucire, nè portare, elli si accusava morto et poi faceva ello stesso lo meglio che potea: elli lo cucìa e poi lo mettea in della cascia e, con aiuto, lo portava alla fossa e elli stesso lo sotterava. E poi, quello che l'aveva portato alla fossa, l'altro dì si moriva. Ma ben ti dico che fu provveduto di dare aiuto l'uno all'altro tanto che, chon tuto che ciascuno morìa solo a tocchare i panni o danari, nondimeno non rimase in chasa niuno morto che non fusse sotterrato, fussi chi volessi, poveri o ricchi. Et decte (p. 97) il nostro sanctissimo Creatore tanta carità l'uno all'altro che si schusavano l'uno dell'altro e dicevano: 'aiutiamli a portare a fossa acciò che a nnoi sia facto lo simile quando noi saremo morti, chè noi saremo portati alla fossa!'. Et questa pistolenza durò insino al maggio: furono cinque mesi duranti nel modo ai udito di sopra; morirono de' cinque e' quattro, et sicchome fu in Pisa, chosì fu per tucto l'altro mondo et u' più e u' meno, et di questo fu qui il principio.
In the year 1348, at the beginning of January, two galleys of Genoese came to Pisa from Romania, and as soon as they were thrown into the square of the fish, any person who spoke to them about these two galleys immediately fell ill and died, and any person who spoke to the sick or touched those dead people immediately fell ill and died. And so great fury spread through the whole city of Pisa, so that every person died; and there was such great fear that no one wanted to see one another, neither the father nor the son nor the son the father, nor one brother the other, nor the wife the husband nor the husband the wife, and every person fled death; but little good came of it because whoever had to die died, and no one could be found to bury him. But that Lord, who made heaven and earth and the sea, provided well for all things: for the father, seeing his son die, abandoned by every person, because no one wanted to touch him, nor to kill him, nor to carry him, he blamed himself for his death and then did the best he could: he sewed him up and then put him in the house and, with help, carried him to the grave and buried him himself. And then, the one who had carried him to the pit, the other day died. But I can tell you that they provided help for each other, so that, since each one died only to touch their clothes or their money, there was no one left in the house who had not been buried, whether they were poor or rich. And he decreed (p. 97) our most holy Creator so much charity to one another that they mocked one another and said: 'Let us help them to take to the grave so that the same will be done to us when we are dead, for we will be taken to the grave! And this gunfight lasted until May: they lasted five months in the manner heard above; they died of the five and four, and as it was in Pisa, so it was for the whole other world and more and less, and this was the beginning here.
Outbreak of a severe plague with a high mortality in Pisa caused by the Genoese galleys and almost collapse of the social order.
E nel ditto anno milltrecientoquarantotto, di po' questo mutamento, venne una novella a Pisa, come in Cicilia e a Napuli si era incomincciata una grande mortalità di gente, poi venne come s'era incomincciata in Genova. E, alla 'ntrata di gennaio, venne in Pisa due ghaleie delli gienovesi, che veniano di Romania. E come furono giunte alla piassa delli Pesci chiunque favella co lloro subitamente tornava a casa malato e in poghi dì morto, e chiunqua favellava al malato o tocchasse di quelli morti altressì tosto amalava e morto era in poghi dì. E ffu sì sparta la grande corrutione che quazi ogni persona moria. E fue sì grande la paura che ll'uno non volea vedere l'autro, lo padre non volea veder lo figluolo morire, né 'l figluolo lo padre, né ll'uno fratello l'autro, né lla donna lo marito, e ogni persona fuggia la morte <e poco li valea che chiunque dovea morire, si moria>. E non ssi trovava persona che llo volesse portare a ffossa né sotterrare. Ma quello Signore che fecie lo Cielo e la Terra providde bene ogni cosa, che llo padre vedendo morire lo suo figluolo e morto e abandonato da ogni persona, che niuno lo volea tochare né chucire né portare, elli si 'chuzava morto. E poi faciea elli stesso lo meglo ch'ello potea, elli lo chucia e ppoi con aiuto d'altri lo portava a la fossa, elli stesso lo sotterava. E poi l'autro giorno elli e chiunqua l'avea tocchato si era morto. Ma ben ti dico che ffu proveduto di dare aiuto l'uno all'autro, che 'n tutto che cciaschuno moria, chiunque tochasse lui o di suoe cose u denari u panni, non di meno non ne rimase niuno morto in nessuna casa che non ffusse sotterato (p. 146) honoratamenta seconda la qualità sua. In tanta carità diè Iddio che ll'uno uzando coll'autro achuzando se morto, e' dicieano: 'Aiutalli a portare a ffossa, acciò che siamo portati anco noi', e chi per amore e chi per denari. E la persona il più istava malata il più due o tre dì inssine in quattro, ma poghi, e la maggiore parte moriano i più brevi iddì.
And in the said year one thousand three hundred and forty-eight, after this change, news came to Pisa, as in Cicilia and Napuli a great mortality of people had begun, then came as it had begun in Genoa. And, at the beginning of January, two galleys of the Genoese, who came from Romania, came to Pisa. And as soon as they arrived at the Pisces Pass, anyone who spoke with them immediately returned home sick and dead, and anyone who spoke to the sick or touched those who were dead also quickly fell ill and was dead in a few days. And so great was the corruption that every person died. And so great was the fear that the one did not want to see the other, the father did not want to see his son die, nor the son his father, nor the brother the other, nor the woman her husband, and every person fled death <and little did it matter that whoever had to die, died>. And no one could be found who would take him to the grave or bury him. But the Lord who made Heaven and Earth provided all things well, so that the father, seeing his son dead and abandoned by every person, and that no one wanted to touch him, nor to bury him, nor to carry him, he thought himself dead. And then he himself did the best he could, he buried him, and then with the help of others he carried him to the grave. And then on the next day he and whoever had touched him had died. But I can tell you that it was arranged to give help to each other, so that in spite of the fact that everyone died, whoever touched him or his belongings, money or clothes, there was no one left dead in any house who was not buried (p. 146) honorably according to his quality. In such charity did God give that the one killed the other, and they said: 'Help them to be carried to the grave, so that we too may be carried', some for love and some for money. And the person was sick most two or three days in four, but few, and most died the shortest.
Description of the symptoms, the social consequences and the mortality of the plague in Pisa.
E inssomma la ditta pistolentia e morìa incomincciò sì forte in dela cità a cresciere e a sparggiere, che lla sera si coricava la persona e lla maitina si trovava morta: chie moria d'anguinaia, chi di uno inffiato che apparia al ditello, e ad alchuno aparia a la coscia uno inffiato si chiamava tinccone, e chie isputava sangue ed altri sossi mali. E, favellando favellando, moriano le gient alquanto. E la maggior parte che morto ch'era la persona sì l'ischopriano esciali sopra la carne a modo di cotórsuli larghi, neri come uno fiorino, e chiamavansi faoni, ed erano a veder morti della laide cose del mondo. de' mille l'uno a chie aparia nessuno di questi inffiati o a chi aparia di quelli faoni non ne canpava nullo, né medico non trovava chi vvi volessa andare a churarlo che subito era 'chuzato morto e ssì per paura di sé. E venne tanto a Pisa che li fondachi e lle bottehge delli spetiali. Alchuni citadini fuggiano della cità e andavano per lo contado, e ppoi ritornavano però ch'ella sparse per lo contado al simile modo, non valea niente lo fuggire. E altro non si facea a Pisa, se non di sotterar morti, e non era dì nessuno che 'n Pisa non ssi sotterrasseno tra grandi e picciuli quando dugiento e quando treciento e quando quatrociento e quando cinqueciento per dì. Ed ebbe in Pisa più case di quindici o piò in famigla che non ne rimase nullo, che tutti morìrono. E durò questa pistolentia dal mezzo gennaio sine al settenbre, che poi ch'ella fu restata si trovònno morti piò di settantta per cientonaio di tutte le persone che erano in Pisa, e chie dicie delli diece ne morì li nove. E cosiì fue per lo contado di Pisa e per tutta cristianità e per le terre de saracini, e in terre murate e non murate, benchè maggior pistolentia fusse in un luogo più che 'n uno alto.
And in short, the pistolentia and death began to grow and spread so strongly in the city, that in the evening, people went to bed and found themselves dead: some died of eel, some of an injury that appeared on the finger, and some had an injury that appeared on the thigh, which was called "tinccone", and some were spitting blood and other ills. And, speaking by speaking, they died a little. And most of those who were dead, whose persons were dead, were exhaled from their flesh in the form of large cotórsuli, as black as a florin, and they were called faoni, and they were to be seen dead from the foul things of the world. Of the thousand of them, none of those who had been inhaled or those who had been inhaled were able to find any, nor any doctor who wanted to go and heal them, so that they were immediately killed, and so for fear of themselves. And he came so much to Pisa that the fondachi and the shops of the spetiali. Some of the citizens fled the city and went to the countryside, and then returned, but since they spread out through the countryside in the same way, it was worth nothing to flee. And nothing else was done in Pisa, except to bury the dead, and there was no one in Pisa who did not bury themselves among the great and small, when two hundred and when three hundred and when four hundred and when five hundred per day. And he had in Pisa more houses of fifteen or more in the family that none remained, that all died. And this pistolentia lasted from the middle of January to the end of October, so that when it was over, more than seventy people per hundred of all the people who were in Pisa were found dead, and those who said they were ten died of the nine. And so it was for the county of Pisa and for the whole of Christendom and for the lands of the Saracens, and in walled and unwalled lands, although there was more gunfire in one place than in another.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 862.
A great earthquake made big damage, especially in Carinthia and a big plague followed. Jews were burned and the flagellants walked around.
Ein schadeber ertbidem noch dem vil unglückes kam. Do men zalte 1348 jor, an sant Bawels tage [25.01.] also er bekert wart, do kam [ein] ertbidem in Elsas, der do nüt schedelich was. aber in andern landen det er grossen schaden, das in etlichen stetten die lüte nydervielent also ob in geswunden were. und dieser ertbideme kam vil tage nohenander, und sunderliche zu Kerneten, do zerviel die grosse stat Villach und me denne hundert bürge. ouch vielent in etlichen landen die berge zusamene und verfelletent stette und dörfer und was dozwüschent was, und verdarp also vil lütes, das dovon vil zu sagene were. und in dem selben jore und in dem nehesten jore donoch, do kam ouch ein grosser gemeiner sterbotte durch alle die welt. von des selben sterbotten wegen wurdent ouch die Juden gebrant und gingent die geischeler, also dovor bi andern sterbotten ist geseit.
A harmful earthquake, followed by misfortune In the year 1348, on the feast day of Saint Paul, as he was converted, a severe earthquake came to Alsace, which was not dangerous there. However, in other lands, it caused great damage, so that in some places people fell down as if they were disappeared. This earthquake came many days in a row, and particularly in Carinthia, where the large city of Villach was devastated, and more than a hundred citizens perished. Many mountains in various lands collapsed, destroying towns and villages, and what was there in between, so many people perished that it is difficult to describe. In the same year and in the following years, a great general mortality came through the whole world. Because of this mortality, Jews were also burned, and the flagellants walked around, what was said for the other plagues before.
1348-01-25-Alsace# QUERYa8c12bc907ded5ca9fc357e0ac8b0edd
A great earthquake was followed by many evils and great mortality.
Nam in conversione beati Pauli [ian. 25] terre motus factus est hora vesperarum, qui multos terruit et multa loca subvertit, in ducatu Karinthie Villach oppidum, et multa castra seu ecclesie corruerunt, et multa mala et magna mortalitas postea subsecuta sunt, de quibus infra in locis debitis veritas patefiet, unde hic ad alia transeam.
For at the conversion of St Paul [on 25 January] an earthquake occurred at eventide, which terrified many and devastated many places, including the town of Villach in the Duchy of Carinthia, and many castles or churches collapsed, and there followed many evils and great mortality, about which the truth will come to light later in the appropriate places. However, let us move on to other things here.
1348-01-25-Constance# QUERYa8c12bc907ded5ca9fc357e0ac8b0edd
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, p. 394
Earthquake in Erfurt and outbreak of the plague in the Mediterranean region. Well poisoning is seen as the cause.
Eodem anno (1348) conversione sancti Pauli fuit terre motus magnus Erfordie. [...] Eodem anno fuit magna pestilencia in partibus transmarinis, videlicet in Gallia, Grecia, Francia et in provinciis paganorum ac circa Veneciam adeo quod tota Cristianitas ac alie naciones interierunt ratione foncium et aquarum infectarum veneno, ut dicitur.
In the same year (1348), on the feast day of the conversion of Saint Paul, there was a great earthquake in Erfurt. [...] In the same year, there was a great pestilence in overseas regions, namely in Gaul, Greece, France, and in the regions of the pagans, and around Venice to the extent that the entire Christendom and other nations perished due to the poison of contaminated fountains and waters, as it is said.
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica, p. 57
Earthquake and Black Death in Friuli
Anno Domini MCCCXLVIII, die XXV januarii, circa horam vespertinam, fuit terremotus magnus, qualis non fertur in aliquibus scripturis. Eodem quoque anno jam incepta pestilentia
Template:Giovanni Villani 1990, vol. 3, pp. 562-566.
Earthquakes in entire Italy, in the cities Pisa, Bologna, Padua and strongest in Venice with great damages. They are omens for diaster and pestilence in the named cities and are signs for the Judgement Day. But even more worse the earthquakes were in Friuli, Aquileia and partly in Germany. Usuer admitted their sins and in the city Villach happened many miracles.
Di grandi tremuoti che furono in Vinegia, Padova, e Bologna, e Pisa. Nel detto anno, venerdì notte dì XXV di gennaio, furono diversi e grandissimi tremuoti in Italia nella città di Pisa, e di Bologna, e di Padova, maggiori nella città di Vinegia, nella quale ruvinarono infiniti fummaiuoli, che ve ne avea assai e belli; e più campanili di chiese e altre case nelle dette città s'apersono, e tali rovinarono. E significarono alle dette terre danni e pistolenze, come leggendo inanzi si potrà trovare. Ma i pericolosi furono la detta notte in Frioli, e inn-Aquilea, e in parte dalla Magna, sì fatti e per tale (p. 563) modo e con tanto danno, che dicendolo o scrivendolo parranno incredibili; ma per dirne il vero e non errare nel nostro trattato, sì cci metteremo la copia della lettera che di là ne mandaro certi nostri Fiorentini mercatanti e degni di fede, il tinore delle quali diremo qui apresso, scritte e date inn-Udine del mese di febraio MCCCXLVII. (p. 564) […] Per li quali miracoli e paura i prestatori a usura della detta terra, convertiti a penitenzia, feciono bandire che ogni persona ch'avessono loro dato merito e usura andasse a lloro per essa; e più d'otto dì continuarono di renderla […] (p. 565) Nella detta città di Villaco molte maraviglie v'apariro, che lla grande piazza di quella si fesse a modo di croce, della quale fessura prima uscì sangue e poi acqua in grande quantità. […] (p. 566) E nota, lettore, che lle sopradette rovine e pericoli di tremuoti sono grandi segni e giudici di Dio, e non sanza gran cagione e premessione divina, e di quelli miracoli e segni che Gesù Cristo vangelizzando predisse a' suoi discepoli che dovieno apparire alla fine del secolo.
1348-01-25-Italy# QUERYa8c12bc907ded5ca9fc357e0ac8b0edd
Kalendarium Zwetlense, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 689-698, 692, l. 18-25
After an earthquake around the 25th of January a plague spread from France to Styria and Carinthia and flagellants appeared.
A.D. 1348 circa conversionem sancti Pauli factus est terre motus magnus, maxime in Stiria et Karintia, et secuta est pestilencia hominum in partibus Gallie, et se paulatim extendit usque ad partes Stirie et Carinthie. [...] et ibant viceni per ecclesias nudati et usque ad femoralia flagellantes se et procidentes omnes cum cantu.
A.D. 1348 around the feast of the conversion of St Paul the earth shook violently the most in Styria and Carinthia, and after this there was a plague among the humans in France, and it gradually expanded to Styria and Carinthia. [...] And they went in twenties through the churches naked down to their trousers and they flagellated themselves and they all fell down singing.
Template:Raphaynus de Caresinis 1922, p. 5
Outbreak of the Black Death in Venice in 1347; after the Earthquake at 25. January 1348 even stronger and lasted until August
Qua quidem epidimia Venecijs incoacta 1347; die 25 januarii, hora vespertina, die conversionis sancti Pauli fuit Venetijs maximus et terribilis terremotus, et ex tunc ipsa pestis amplius invaluit, perseverans usque 1348, per totum mensem augusti; ob quam tercia pars Venetorum, vel circa, (dicitur decessisse).
During this epidemic in Venice, which began in 1348, on January 25th, at the hour of vespers, on the feast day of the Conversion of Saint Paul, there was a great and terrible earthquake in Venice. From that point on, the plague grew stronger, persisting until 1348, throughout the entire month of August. Due to this, it is said that about one-third of the Venetians, or thereabouts, died
The Black Death comes to Lucca via Pisa
Avendo Iddio, per i nostri peccati, mandato il segno della carestia, come è stato raccontato, e nonostante questo non essendosi gli uomini pentiti né avendo perdonato le offese, ma organizzatisi addirittura per mali ancora maggiori, la somma potenza di Dio decise di mandare una epidemia per punire quelli senza timore di Lui e pertinaci nel fare del male, nonostante che per essa dovessero perire molti innocenti. Essendo giunte a Pisa dala Romania due galee di Genovesi, con a bordo uomini ammalati di peste, giunti che furono nella Piazza dei Pesci, tutti quelle che parlarono con quei marinai, in breve si ammalarono e [p. 111] morirono; e ciò avvenne del gennaio del 1348. E così l'epidemia iniziò grandemente in Pisa e poi si sparse per tutta la Toscana e sopratutto in Lucca. E in quel tempo, il 18 di febbraio dell'anno suddetto, nacqui io, Giovanni Sercambi, nella contrada di San Cristoforo, nelle case di messer Santo Falabrina; nella quale epidemia morirono più di 80 persone su cento. E l'aria era così impestata, che in qualunque luogo uno andasse la morte lo raggiungeva; e vedendo che tutti morivano, poco si aveva paura della morte. E da molti si credette che fosse la fine del mondo. E quell' epidemia durò in Toscana per più di un anno. E tutti quelli che sopravissero divennero ricchi, perchè il tesoro di molti rimase in proprietà di uno solo. E nonostante tutti questi segni i Pisani non abbondarono Lucca, ma per lungo tempo, con maggiore asprezza, la signoreggiarono.
Since God, due to our sins, had sent the sign of famine, as has been recounted, and despite this, men did not repent nor did they forgive offenses, but rather organized themselves for even greater evils, the supreme power of God decided to send an epidemic to punish those without fear of Him and persistent in doing harm, even though many innocents had to perish because of it. Two galleys from Genoa, carrying men sick with the plague, arrived in Pisa from the Black Sea and Aegean. When they reached the Piazza dei Pesci, all those who spoke with the sailors shortly fell ill and died; and this happened in January of 1348. Thus the epidemic began greatly in Pisa and then spread throughout Tuscany and especially in Lucca. And at that time, on February 18th of the aforementioned year, I, Giovanni Sercambi, was born in the district of San Cristoforo, in the houses of Messer Santo Falabrina; during this epidemic, more than 80 out of every 100 people died. The air was so contaminated that wherever one went, death would reach them; and seeing that everyone was dying, there was little fear of death. Many believed it was the end of the world. This epidemic lasted in Tuscany for more than a year. All those who survived became wealthy because the treasures of many remained in the possession of a single person. Despite all these signs, the Pisans did not abandon Lucca, but for a long time, ruled it with even greater harshness..
Chronique de Mercier et Regis 1839, p. 89
Outbreak of the Black Death in Béziers; large mortality of the population.
El An. M.ccc.xlviij., elm es de Mars, comenser la mortaudat a Bezers, e duret entro lo mes d’Aost; e fo aytal mortalitat, que de las xxv. Pressonas a penas ne remanìa. Ij. o tres.
In the year 1348, in the month of March, the mortality began in Béziers and lasted until the month of August. The mortality was such that out of every 25 people, barely 2 or 3 remained.
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Outbreak of the Black Death in Bologna.
Del mexe de marzo comenzò una morìa in Bologna e per tuto lo mondo, che fo in 1348, e mai non era stada una maore; e moriane d'uno male de pestilenzia, o sotto la laxina o in [p. 576] l'anguinaglie, e a questo non se trovava reparo nesuno so no la grazia de Dio, e si moriano in dui dì o tri al più.
In the month of March, a death began in Bologna and all over the world, which took place in 1348, and never before had there been a death; and they died of a plague, either under laxine or in [p. 576] anguinaglia, and no one could find reparation for this except the grace of God, and they died in two or three days at most.
Le libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro, p. 41.
A mortality, the Black Death breaks out in Arles and all over the world. 90 percent of the people die.
E en l'an mil CCCXLVIII, la primieyra semmana de carema (4 March), comenset a Bezes la gran mortalitat, et comenset costa le porge d'en Sicart Taborieg, mercadier, costa en P. Perus, qu'es de peyra al cap de la carieyra franceza, et moriron totz los senhors cossols, els clavaris, els escudiers, et apres tanta de gent, que de mil non y remanian cent.
In the year 1348, the first week of Lent (March 4), the great mortality began in Bezes, and the death of Sicart Taborieg, merchant, cost P. Perus, who is from Peyra in head of the French career, all the noble men, the claviers, the squires died, you learned so many people, that out of a thousand there were not a hundred left.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, pp. 230-232
Arrival of the Black Death in Florence: a most detailed description of all its impacts and consequences
Negli anni del Signore MCCXLVIII fu nella città di Firenze e nel contado grandissima pistilenzia, e fu di tale furore e di tanta tempesta, che nella casa dove s'appigliava chiunque servìa niuno malato, tutti quelli che lo' serviano, moriano di quel medesimo male, e quasi niuno passava lo quarto giorno, e non valeva nè medico, nè medicina, o che non fossero ancora conosciute quelle malattie, o che li medici non avessero sopra quelle mai studiato, non parea che rimedio vi fosse. Fu di tanta paura che niuno non sapea che si fare; quando s'appigliava in alcuna casa, spesso avvenia che non vi rimanea persona che non morisse. E non bastava solo gli uomini e le femmine, ma ancora gli animali sensitivi, cani e gatte, polli, buoi, asini e pecore moriano di quella malattia e con quel segno, e quasi niuno, a cui venà lo segno, o pochi, veniano a guarigione. Lo segno era questo, che, o tra la coscia e'l corpo al modo (nodo?) d'anguinaia, o sotto lo ditello apparia un grossetto, e la febbre a un tratto, e quando sputava, sputava sangue mescolato colla saliva, e quegli che sputava sangue niuno campava. Fu questa cosa di tanto spavento, che veggendo appiccarla in una casa, ove cominciava, come detto è, non vi rimanea niuno; le genti spaventate abbondanavano la casa, e fuggivano in un' altra; e chi nella città, e chi si fuggia in villa. Medici non si trovavano, perocchè moriano come gli altri; quelli che si trovavano, voleano smisurato prezzo in mano innanzi che intrassero nella casa, ed entratovi, tocavono il polso col viso volo adrieto, e' da lungi volevono vedere l'urina con cose odorifere al naso. Lo figluolo abbandonava il padre, lo marito la moglie, la moglie il marito, l'uno fratello l'altro, l'una sirocchia l'altra. Tutta la città non avea a fare altro che a portare morti a sepellire; mollti ne morirono, che non ebbono all lor fine nè confessione ed altri sacramenti; e moltissimi morirono che non fu chi li vedesse, e molti ne morirono di fame, imperocchè come uno si ponea in sul letto malato, quelli di casa sbigottiti gli diceano: “Io vo per lo medico” e serravano pianamente l'uscio da via, e non vi tornavano più. Costui abbandonato dalle persone e poi da cibo, ed accompagnato dalla febbre si venia meno. Molti erano, che sollicitavano li loro che non li abbandonassero, quando venia alla sera; e' diceano all'ammalato: “Acciocchè la notte tu non abbi per ogni cosa a destare chi ti serve, e dura fatica lo dì e la notte, totti tu stesso de' confetti e del vino o acqua, eccola qui in sullo soglio della lettiera (p. 231) sopra 'l capo tuo, e po' torre della roba”. E quando s'addormentava l'ammalato, se n'andava via, e non tornava. Se per sua ventura si trovava la notte confortato di questo cibo la mattina vivo e forte da farsi a finestra, stava mezz'ora innanzichè persona vi valicasse, se non era la via molto maestra, e quando pure alcun passava, ed egli avesse un poco di voce che gli fosse udito, chiamando, quando gli era risposto, non era soccorso. Imperocchè niuno, o pochi voleano intrare in casa, dove alcuno fosse malato, ma ancora non voelano ricettare di quelli, che sani uscissero della casa del malato, e diceano: "Egli è affatappiato, non gli parlate" dicendo: "E' l'ha perocchè in casa sua è il Gavocciolo; e chiamavano quelle inflato gavocciolo. Moltissimi morieno senza esser veduti, che stavano in sullo letto tanto che puzzavano. E la vicinanza, se v'era, sentito lo puzzo, mettevono per borsa, e lo mandavano a seppellire. Le case rimaneano aperte, e non er ardito persona di tocare nulla, che parea che le cose rimanessero avvelenate, che chi le usava gli s'appicava il male.Fecesi a ogni chiesa, o alle più, fosse infon all'acqua, larghe e cupe, secondo lo popolo era grande; e quivi chi non era molto ricco, la notte morto, quegli, a cui toccava, se lo metteva sopra la spalla, o gittavalo in questa fossa, o pagava gran prezzo a chi lo facesse. La mattina se ne trovavano assai nella fossa, toglievasi della terra, e gettavasi laggiuso loro addosso; e poi veniano gli altri sopr'essi, e poi la terra addosso a suolo, a suolo, con poca terra, come si ministrasse lasagne a fornire formaggio. Li' beccamorti, che facevano gli servigi, erono prezzolati di sì gran prezzo, che molti n'arrichirono, e molti ne morirono, chi ricco e chi con poco guadagno, ma gran prezzo avieno. Le serviziali, o o serviziali, che servieno li malati volieno da uno in tre fiorini per dì e le spese di cose fiorite. Le cose che mangiavano i malati, confetti e zucchero, smisuratamente valevano. Fu vendeuta di tre in otto fiorini la libbra di zucchero e al simile gli altri confetti. Li pollastri ed alti pollami a meraviglia carissimi, e l'uovo di prezzo di denari 12 in 24 l'uno; e beato chi ne trovava tre il dì con cercare tutta la città. La cera era miracolo; la libbra sarebba montata più di un fiorino, senonchè vi si puose freno alle grande burbanze, che sempre feciono gli Fiorentini, perocchè si diede ordine non si potesse portare più due doppieri. Le chiese non avieno più che una bara, com' è d'uso, non bastava. Li speziali e bechamorti avien prese bare, coltri e guanciali con grandissimo prezzo. Lo vestire di stamigna che si usava nei morti, che soleva costare una donna, gonella guarnacca e mantello e veli, fiorini tre, montò in pregio di fiorini trenta, e sarebbe ito in fiorini cento, se non che si levò di vestire della stamigna, e chi era ricco vestiva di panno, e chi non ricco in lenzoletto lo cucìa. Costava le panche, che si pongono i morti, uno sfolgoro, e ancora non bastava tutte le panche ch'erano il centesimo. Lo sonare delle campane non si potevano li preti contentare; di che si fece ordine tra per lo sbigottimento del sonare delle campane e per lo vender le panche e raffrenare le spese, che a niuno corpo si sonasse, nè si ponesse panche, nè si bandisse, perocchè l'udivano gli ammalati, sbigottivano li sani, nonchè i malati. Li preti e i frati andavano ai ricchi e in tanta moltitudine, ed erano sì pagati di tanto prezzo che tutti arrichieno. E però si fece ordine che non si potesse avere più che d'una regola e la chiesa del popolo, e per la regola sei frati e non più. Tutte le frutta nocive vietarono a entrare nella città, come susine acerbe, mandorle in erba, fave fresche, fichi ed ogni frutta [p. 232] non utile e non sana. Molte processioni ed orlique e la tavola di S. Maria Impruneta vennero andando per la città, gridando: "Misericordià", e facendo orazioni, e poi in sulla ringhiera dei Priori fermate. Vi si rendereno paci di gran questioni e di ferite e di morte d'uomini. Fu questa cosa di tanto sbigottimento e di tanta paura' che le genti si ragunavano in brigata a mangiare per pigliare qualche conforto; e dava l'uno la sera cena a dieci compagni, e l'altra sera davono ordine di mangiare con uno di quelli, e quando credevono cenare con quello, ed egli era senza cena, che quegli era malato, o quando era fatta la cena per dieci, vi se ne trovava meno due o tre. Chi si fuggìa in villa, chi nelle castella per mutare aria; ove non eralo portavono, se v'era lo crescevano. Niuna Arte si lavorava in Firenze: tutte le botteghe serrate, tutte le taverne chiuse, salvo speziali e chiese. Per la Terra andavi, che non trovavi persona; e molti buoni e ricchi uomini erano portati dalla casa a chiesa nella bara con quattro beccamortì et uno chiericuzzo che portava la croce, e poi volieno uno fiorino uno. Di questa mortalità arricchirono speziali, medici, pollaiuoli, beccamorti, trecche di malva, ortiche, marcorelle et altre erbe da impiastri per macerare malori. E fu più quelle che feciono queste trecche d'erbe, fu gran denaro. Lanaiuoli, e ritagliatori che si trovarono panni li vendeano ciò che chiedeono. Ristata la mortalità chi si trovò panni fatti d'ogni ragione n'aricchiì, o chi si trovò da poterne fare; ma molti se ne trovarono intignati' e guasti e perduti a' telai; e stame e lana in quantità perdute per la città e contado. Questa pistolenza cominciò di marzo, come detto è, e finì di settembre 1348. E le genti cominciavono a tornare e rivedersi le case e le masserizie. E fu tante le case pien di tutti li beni, che non avevono signore, ch'era un stupore, poi si cominciarono a vedere gli eredi dei beni. E tale che non aveva nulla si trovò ricco, che non pareva che fusse suo, ed a lui medesimo pareva gli si disdicesse. E cominciornon a sfogiare nei vestimenti e ne' cavagli e le donne e gli uomini
In the year of our lord 1348 there occurred in the city and contado of Florence a great pestilence, and such was its fury and violence that in whatever household it took hold, whosoever took care of the sick, all the carers died of the same illness, and almost nobody survived beyond the fourth day, neither doctors nor medicine proving of any avail, and there appeared to be no remedy, either because those illnesses were not yet recognised, or because doctors had never previously had cause to study them properly. Such was the fear that nobody knew what to do: when it caught hold in a household, it often happened that not a single person escaped death. And it wasn't just men and women: even sentient animals such as dogs and cats, hens, oxen, donkeys and sheep, died from that same disease and with those symptoms, and almost none who displayed those symptoms, or very few indeed, effected a recovery. Those symptoms were as follows: either between the thigh and the body, in the groin region, or under the armpit, there appeared a lump, and a sudden fever, and when the victim spat, he spat blood mixed with saliva, and none of those who spat blood survived. Such was the terror this caused that seeing it take hold in a household, as soon as it started, nobody remained: everybody abandoned the dwelling in fear, and fled to another; some fled into the city and others into the countryside. No doctors were to be found, because they were dying like everybody else; those who could be found wanted exorbitant fees cash-in-hand before entering the house, and having entered, they took the patient's pulse with their heads turned away, and assayed the urine samples from afar, with aromatic herbs held to their noses. Sons abandoned fathers, husbands wives, wives husbands, one brother the other, one sister the other. The city was reduced to bearing the dead to burial; many died who at their passing had neither confession nor last sacraments, and many died unseen, and many died of hunger, for when somebody took ill to his bed, the other occupants in panic told him: 'I'm going for the doctor'; and quietly locked the door from the outside and didn't come back. The victim, abandoned by both people and nourishment, yet kept constant company by fever, wasted away. Many were those who begged their families not to abandon them; when evening came, the relatives said to the patient: 'So that you don't have to wake up the people looking after you at night, asking for things, because this is going on day and night, you yourself can reach for cakes and wine or water, here they are on the shelf above your bed, you can get the stuff when you want'. And when the patient fell asleep, they went away and did not return. If, through good fortune the victim had been strengthened by that food, the next morning alive and still strong enough to get to the window, he would have to wait half an hour before anybody came past, if this was not a busy thoroughfare, and even when the odd person passed by, and the patient had enough voice to be heard a little, if he shouted, sometimes he would be answered and sometimes not, and even if he were to be answered, there was no help to be had. For not only none or very few wished to enter a house where there were any sick people, but they didn't even want to have contact with those who issued healthy from a sick person's house, saying: 'He's jinxed, don't speak to him', saying: 'He's got it because there's the "gavocciolo" [bubo] in his house'; and 'gavocciolo' was the name they gave to these swellings. Many died without being seen, remaining on their beds till they stank. And the neighbours, if any were left, having smelled the stench, did a whip round and sent him for burial. Houses remained open, nobody dared to touch anything, for it seemed that things remained poisoned, and whoever had anything to do with them caught the disease. At every church, or at most of them, pits were dug, down to the water-table, as wide and deep as the parish was populous; and therein, whosoever was not very rich, having died during the night, would be shouldered by those whose duty it was, and would either be thrown into this pit, or they would pay big money for somebody else to do it for them. The next morning there would be very many in the pit. Earth would be taken and thrown down on them; and then others would come on top of them, and then earth on top again, in layers, with very little earth, like garnishing lasagne with cheese. The gravediggers who carried out these functions were so handsomely paid that many became rich and many died, some already rich and others having earned little, despite the high fees. The female and male sick-bay attendants demanded from one to three florins a day, plus sumptuous expenses. The foodstuffs suitable for the sick, cakes and sugar, reached outrageous prices. A pound of sugar was sold at between three and eight florins, and the same went for other confectionery. Chickens and other poultry were unbelievably expensive, and eggs were between 12 and 24 denari each: you were lucky to find three in a day, even searching through the whole city. Wax was unbelievable: a pound of wax rose to more than a florin, nevertheless an age-old arrogance of the Florentines was curbed, in that an order was given not to parade more than two large candles. The churches only had one bier apiece, as was the custom, and this was insufficient. Pharmacists and grave-diggers had obtained biers, hangings and laying-out pillows at great price. The shroud-cloth apparel which used to cost, for a woman, in terms of petticoat, outer garment, cloak and veils, three florins, rose in price to thirty florins, and would have risen to one hundred florins, except that they stopped using shroud-cloth, and whoever was rich was dressed with plain cloth, and those who weren't rich were sewn up in a sheet. The benches placed for the dead cost a ludicrous amount, and there weren't enough of them even if there had been a hundred times more. The priests couldn't get enough of ringing the bells: so an order was passed, what with the panic caused by the bells ringing and the sale of benches and the curbing of spending, that nobody should be allowed the death-knell, nor should benches be placed, nor should there be a public announcement by the crier, because the sick could hear them, and the healthy took fright as well as the sick. The priests and friars thronged to the rich, and were paid such great sums that they all enriched themselves. And so an ordinance was passed that only one rule (of religious houses) and the local church could be had, and from that rule a maximum of six friars. All harmful fruit, such as unripe plums, unripe almonds, fresh beans, figs and all other inessential unhealthy fruit, was forbidden from entering the city. Many processions and relics and the painting of Santa Maria Impruneta were paraded around the city, to cries of 'Mercy', and with prayers, coming to a halt at the rostrum of the Priori. There peace was made settling great disputes and questions of woundings and killings. Such was the panic this plague provoked that people met for meals as a brigata to cheer themselves up; one person would offer a dinner to ten friends, and the next evening it would be the turn of one of the others to offer the dinner, and sometimes they thought they were going to dine with him, and he had no dinner ready, because he was ill, and sometimes the dinner had been prepared for ten and two or three less turned up. Some fled to the country, and some to provincial towns, to get a change of air; where there was no plague they brought it, and where it already existed they added to it. No industry was busy in Florence; all the workshops were locked up, all the inns were closed, only chemists and churches were open. Wherever you went, you could find almost nobody; many rich good men were borne from their house to church in their coffin with just four undertakers and a lowly cleric carrying the cross, and even then they demanded a florin apiece. Those who especially profited from the plague were the chemists, the doctors, the poulterers, the undertakers, and the women who sold mallow, nettles, mercury plant and other poultice herbs for drawing abscesses. And those who made the most were these herb sellers. Woollen merchants and retailers when they came across cloth could sell it for whatever price they asked. Once the plague had finished, anybody who could get hold of whatsoever kind of cloth, or found the raw materials to make it, became rich; but many ended up moth-eaten, spoilt and useless for the looms, and thread and raw wool lost in the city and the contado. This plague began in March as has been said, and finished in September 1348. And people began to return to their homes and belongings. And such was the number of houses full of goods that had no owner, that it was amazing. Then the heirs to this wealth began to turn up. And someone who had previously had nothing suddenly found himself rich, and couldn't believe it was all his, and even felt himself it wasn't quite right. And both men and women began to show off with clothes and horses.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 232
96.000 casualties in Florence because of the Black Death
La quantità di morti che morirono per la mortalità degli anni di Cristo 1348. Ora fatto ordine in Firenze per lo vescovo e per gli Signori che si vedesse solennemente quanti ne moriva nella città di Firenze, ultimamente veduto in calendi ottobre che di quella pistilenzia non morìa più persone, si trovarono tra maschi e femine, piccoli e grandi, dal marzo infine all'ottobre v'era morti novantaseimila.
The quantity of people who died during the plague outbreak of the year of our lord 1348. The bishop and the signoria in Florence having ordered a careful count of how many were dying of plague in the city of Florence, and seeing finally at the beginning of October that nobody was dying of that pestilence any more, it was discovered that putting together men and women, children and adults, from March to October, ninety-six thousand had died.
Bonaini 1845, p. 530 and digital edition: https://www.e-theca.net/emiliopanella/pisa/8500.htm
A monk dies in Pisa in the context of the Black Death; 40 more monks from the monastery of S. Caterina follow
Frater Iacobus Orlandi. Hic fuit primus qui obiit in anno maxime pestis M°ccc°xlviij°, que pene totum delevit orbem. Hoc anno defuncti sunt in Pisis plusquam xl fratres, de secularibus turba quam nemo dinumerare valeret. Post istam mortalitatem diram et crudelissimam, numquam mores ordinis et religionis disciplina potuit ad pristina restaurari. Hic primus fuit frater quem ego viderim mori postquam ordinem sum ingressus. Fuit iste intelligens frater, magne religionis, bonus et devotus valde predicator, exemplaris valde et composite vite nimis, utilis conventui in confessionibus et cantu, magister novitiorum sollicitus et supprior pisanus. De mense martii requievit in pace.
Brother Giacomo Orlandi. He was the first who died in the year of the great plague 1348, which almost destroyed the whole world. In this year, more than 40 brothers died in Pisa, and the number of secular people who died was a crowd that no one could count. After this dire and most cruel mortality, the customs of the order and religious discipline could never be restored to their former state. He was the first brother I saw die after I entered the order. He was an intelligent brother, of great religiosity, a good and very devout preacher, very exemplary and of a very composed life, useful to the convent in confessions and singing, a diligent master of novices and subprior of Pisa. In the month of March, he rested in peace
Jews were burned in Constance and Swabia, because they were accused of poisoning the people. This accusations was according to the author wrong. In addition the flagellants appeared.
Item anno domini 1348 an dem dritten tag im Mertzen wurdent die Juden verbrent ze Costentz, und wurdent och gar an mengen stetten in Schwaben verbrent. Und beschach das darumb, daß der erst groß tod angefangen hatt und zich man die Juden, sy trügent gift umb und dorumb stürbent die lüt. Es befand sich aber darnach, das den Juden unrecht beschach, dan der selb sterbet darnach vil lang weret, nachdem und sy verbrent wurden und och verschickt und verbotten. Und in dem gemelten jar giengen die lüt, die sich selbst geiselten.
In the year of Our Lord 1348, on the third day of March, the Jews were burned in Constance, and they were also burned in many towns in Swabia. This happened because the first great plague had begun, and people accused the Jews of carrying poison, which they believed was causing people to die. However, it was later found that the Jews were wronged, as the plague continued for a long time after they were burned, exiled, and banned. And in the same year, the people who flogged themselves also appeared.
1348-03-03-Constance# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922, pp. 75-76.
The Black Death arrives in Europe, with a detailed description of symptoms and precise numbers for Avignon, but also Venice, Marseille, Italy, Provence, Hungary, France, Germany and Scotland are mentioned
Anno Domini MCCCXLVII. pestilencia et mors universalis humani generis tanta invaluit, qualis umquam audita vel scripta reperitur. Nam primo in partibus ultramarinis inter paganos incepit, et tam gravis, ut dicebatur, quod ad ducenta milia ville, civitates absque hominibus remanerent; demum serpentino modo gradiebatur ex ista parte maris. Nam Veneciis, in tota Ytalia et Provincia, (p. 76), maxime in civitatibus iuxta mare sitis homines sine numero moriebantur; et Avinione, ubi tunc erat curia Romana, primis diebus proximis tribus post dominicam medie quadragesime mille et quadringenti computati homines sepulti fuerunt. Imo dicebatur, quod in civitate Marsyliensi ex hac pestilencia tot homines moriebantur, quod locus quasi inhabitabilis remansit. Postea transivit ad Alpes, ad Ungariam, per totam Alamaniam, per Franciam, in qua vix tercia pars hominum viva remansit, item per Scociam. Et semper in una provincia per unum annum vel circa duravit, transiens ultra; et sic paucis regnis exceptis quasi omnia mundi regna quassavit. Et ceciderunt homines ex ulceribus seu glandinibus exortis sub assellis vel iuxta genitalia - et pro maiori parte iuvenes moriebantur - vel per excrecionem materie sanguinee, et hic dolor in sex vel octo diebus homines suffocavit. Hec loca apud medicos emunctoria nuncupantur, quia superfluitas vel sudor subtilis hiis locis faciliter emittitur per naturam. Duravit autem hec pestilencia per quinque vel sex annos vel circa.
In the year of our Lord 1347, a universal pestilence and mortality of mankind surged with such intensity as has ever been heard or recorded. For it first began in distant lands among the pagans, and was so severe, it was said, that up to two hundred thousand villages and cities were left without inhabitants. Eventually, it advanced in a serpentine manner from that side of the sea. Indeed, in Venice, throughout Italy and Provence, especially in cities near the sea, people were dying in countless numbers; and in Avignon, where the Roman court was then located, within the first three days after mid-Lent Sunday, fourteen hundred people were buried. Moreover, it was said that in the city of Marseilles, so many people died from this pestilence that the place remained almost uninhabitable. Afterwards, it crossed the Alps, reached Hungary, passed through all of Germany, through France, where scarcely a third of the people remained alive, as well as through Scotland. And it always lasted in one province for about a year or so, before moving on; and thus, except for a few kingdoms, it shook almost all the kingdoms of the world. And people fell victim to ulcers or swellings that appeared under their armpits or near their genitals - and mostly young people were dying - or through the excretion of bloody matter, and this pain suffocated people within six or eight days. These areas are called snuffers or scissors (?) by physicians because excess or subtle sweat is easily emitted from these places by nature. However, this pestilence lasted for about five or six years.
The Black Death in Egypt and other countries in 749 H (April 1, 1348 to March 22, 1349): People were taken by surprise by the epidemic (wabāʾ) whose death toll was high. The odors of death met them. People died quickly of the disease after buboes had appeared at their earlobes (marrāq).
...
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986, vol. 3 (1986), pp. 110-112
From April 1, 1348 to March 22, 1349), an unprecedented plague hit the Middle East, and lasted about a year, and one third of Greater Syria’s and Egypt’s population died.
The Black Death in the Middle East: In the year 749 H (April 1, 1348 to March 22, 1349), an unprecedented wave of plague hit the Middle East. It was the sixth plague which affected the Middle East in the Islamic period. It was called the Kinship Plague (Ṭāʿūn al-Ansāb) since the decease of a person was often followed by the death of some of his or her relatives. People developed pustules, spat yellow blood and died within 50 hours. When people started spitting blood they would bid farewell to their friends, close their shops, their burial would be prepared, and they would die in their homes. The daily death toll reached a maximum of ca. 500 in Aleppo, more than 1,000 in Damascus, and ca. 20,000 in Egypt. Mostly women, youths, poor people, and riffraff died. The plague wave lasted about a year, and ca. one third of Greater Syria’s (Shām) and Egypt’s population died.
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986
Outbreak of the Black Death in Perugia; description of contempory medical responses and cultural coping mechanisms
Adi 8 d'aprile cominciò in Perugia la moria grande, che a chi veniva male non vivea più che due giorni. Cominciò questa mortalità in Toscana , et spezialmente a Pisa. Fo questa mortalità generale quasi che per tutto il mondo. Si facevano grandissime processioni , discipline et orazioni. Fecero qui da noi alcuni medici notomia : trovarono che vicino al cuore nasceva una biscica piena di veneno: facevano sanguenare per la vena del cuore, et si facevano fuochi grandi, et si cibava chi potesse di cose buone et delicate : non bastavano i cimiteri et le sepolture per li corpi morti. Ognuno usava triaca, et chi non poteva usasse la scabbiosa o marobio o erbella , et embuono et asenso o ruta , santonico, et sopratulto si costuma sempre di portare erbe odorifere , et ordinarono un succo con molte cose aromatiche da portar sempre al naso.
On the 8th of April, the great plague began in Perugia, where anyone who fell ill would not live more than two days. This mortality began in Tuscany, and especially in Pisa. This mortality was almost universal throughout the world. Large processions, flagellations, and prayers were conducted. Some doctors here performed autopsies: they found that near the heart a bladder filled with poison was forming. They would bleed the patients through the vein of the heart, and large fires were made, and those who could would eat good and delicate foods. The cemeteries and burial grounds were not sufficient for the dead bodies. Everyone used theriac, and those who could not would use scabiosa or horehound or erba bella, and embuono and asenso or rue, santonica, and above all, it became customary to always carry fragrant herbs, and they ordered a juice with many aromatic things to always be carried to the nose
Outbreak of the Black Death in Perugia; remarkable information from Paris and all across the known world via the papal court in Avignon
Adì 8 de aprile nel dicto millesimo comenzó in Peroscia una grande mortalità de peslilenzia, de modo chi se abatteva non viveva olirà doi dì ; et era infirmila si venenosa che non se trovava frate ne prcite che glie volesse confessare ne comunicare gli infirmi , ne chi glie volesse sepellirc ; et de ciò morirono grande quantità de cinerei. Comenzó la dieta mortalità in Toscana , et maxime in Pisa , la quale remase quasi inabitata ; et la dieta mortalità fu quasi per tutto ci mondo generalmente , maxime nelle terre de la marina , et anco in Francia ; però che vennero lettere al nostro comuno de Peroscia che in Parigi, adi 13 de marzo 1348, dentro nella cita erano stati sepulti 1573 homini boni citadini, sensa numerare le donne , mammoli e povere persone , delle quale non se ne teneva conto. Per questa cagione lo re de Francia e la regina se ne fuggirò ad uno castello lontano da Parigi cinque miglia chiamato Leonis , et lì morì la dicta regina con uno suo figlio, et certe nepote et molti altri baroni. Anco in un'altra cita pure de Francia, chiamata Noydes , la quale faceva vinte milia homini, et non ce ne remascro vivi 200. Anco in Avignone erano morte cinquantaquattro milia persone. Più oltra scrissero molti grandi principi e signori al Papa , fra li quali fu ci principe de Cypri, da Maiorica, da Alexandria, da Normandya,da Schiavonya, da Capadócia e da molte altre parte , come da Armenya maiure et in Cicilia , qualmente in questi tali paesi non ce era rimasta viva quasi alcuna persona , et che le bestie silvatiche andavano per le cita ; et dice che anco era grandissima mortalità in Turchya , in Costantinopoli e per tutto lo Oriente; et per tutta la Sicilia erano quasi tutti gli pesce de l'acque venenate , et chi ne mangiava moriva. .
On the 8th of April in the said year, a great mortality due to pestilence began in Perugia, so much so that those who fell ill did not live beyond two days; and the illness was so poisonous that no friar or priest could be found who would confess or administer communion to the sick, nor anyone who would bury them; and because of this, a great number of people died without sacraments. This mortality began in Tuscany, and especially in Pisa, which was left almost uninhabited; and this mortality was generally all over the world, especially in coastal lands, and also in France; for letters came to our commune of Perugia that in Paris, on the 13th of March 1348, 1573 good citizens were buried within the city, not counting the women, children, and poor people, of whom no account was kept. For this reason, the King of France and the Queen fled to a castle five miles away from Paris called Leones, and there the said queen died with one of her sons, some nephews, and many other barons. Also, in another city in France called Noyon, which had twenty thousand inhabitants, not even two hundred remained alive. In Avignon, fifty-four thousand people died. Moreover, many great princes and lords wrote to the Pope, among whom were the prince of Cyprus, from Majorca, from Alexandria, from Normandy, from Slavonia, from Cappadocia, and from many other places, such as Greater Armenia and Sicily, stating that in these countries almost no one was left alive, and that wild animals roamed the cities; and they said that there was also a great mortality in Turkey, in Constantinople, and throughout the East; and throughout Sicily, almost all the fish in the waters were poisoned, and whoever ate them died
in questa nostra cita de Peroscia, alli 8 de aprile, comenzó la peste in Peroscia talmente, che per fina al mese de agosto proximo fuoro numerati esser morti in dieta cita cento migliaia de persone, cioè fra la cita et ci contado; et tutti quelli che morivano confessi e contriti , li era concessa dal papa indulgenzia plenaria insino alla festa de santo Agnolo de setembro; et non se trovava chi sepellissc gli morti. Stavano tutte le gente de le cita e de castella ode ville in processione et in discipline e letanie (p. 149) e li medici fecero la nottomya de alcuni corpi che de cio morivano , et trovaro che atorno al cuore nasceva una bessica picola piena de veneno, del quale moriva et atossicava le persone : anco trovaro clic dicto umore generava molte vermi pessimi e mortali ; onde che gli medici predicti trovarono questo remedio quale preserva e mantiene la vita dell' homo sana da tale infirmità; cioè prima che se purgasse et mangiasse de buoni cibi et bevesseno buono vino e sutile, usassero fuochi con fiamma de legnia seche, con manco fumo che sia possibile , maxime de legni odoriferi , como genepri o altri simili ; sanguinarse de la vena del cuore; davano li dicti medici per cessare questo veneno a quelli che erano infetti de tale infirmità, che l'homo usasse de prendere tyriaca, et chi non aveva tyriaca usasse la scabiosa, o marobio, o erbella, o ysopo, volesse o cotto o crudo ; et per confondere et occidere gli verme che nascano de ciò, pigliassero asenzo o ruta o erba vermenaria o santonico : et generalmente dissero che ciascuno devesse portare sempre erbe odorifere per odorare, et ogni altra cosa che desse odore : et ordenaro una palla odorifera fatta coninvolte cose aromatice , quale se devesse portare sempre al naso, puoi alle anguenaglie: et quasi per tutte le parte del corpo nascevano molte nascenze, le quale tutte erano piene de veneno. Et fu la magiore mortalità che se recordasse già mai; et fu sì terribile che non bastavano li cimiterii nè sepolture de le chiese per sepelire gli morti, et per gli cimiterii furono fatti pozze molto cupe, et tutte se rempivano de corpi morti, et ad ogni modo non bastavano.
In this our city of Perugia, on the 8th of April, the plague began in Perugia such that by the end of the following August, a hundred thousand people had been counted dead in the said city and its countryside. And to all those who died confessed and contrite, the Pope granted plenary indulgence until the feast of Saint Michael in September; and there was no one to be found to bury the dead. All the people of the cities, castles, and villages were in processions, doing penance and prayers. The doctors performed autopsies on some bodies that died from this and found that around the heart a small blister full of poison would form, which caused death and poisoned the people. They also found that this fluid generated many very bad and deadly worms; therefore, the aforementioned doctors found this remedy to preserve and maintain a healthy life from such an illness: first, to purge oneself and eat good food and drink good and light wine, use fires with flames from dry wood, with as little smoke as possible, especially from fragrant woods like juniper or others similar; to bleed from the vein of the heart. The said doctors recommended to stop this poison in those infected by this illness, that one should use theriac, and if they did not have theriac, they should use scabiosa, or horehound, or erba bella, or hyssop, either cooked or raw; and to destroy and kill the worms that came from this, they should take wormwood, or rue, or verminaria, or santonica: and generally, they said that everyone should always carry fragrant herbs to smell, and anything else that gives off a scent. They ordered an aromatic ball made with various aromatic things, which should always be carried to the nose, then to the groin: and almost all over the body, many swellings would form, which were all full of poison. And it was the greatest mortality ever remembered; and it was so terrible that neither the cemeteries nor the burial grounds of the churches were sufficient to bury the dead, and in the cemeteries, very deep pits were made, and all were filled with dead bodies, and even then, it was not enough.
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999, vol. 18 (1998), p. 503.
The Black Death in Gaza: Some ten thousand people died of plague in the course of one month in Gaza in the beginning of 749 H (April-May 1348) according to a report (muṭālaʿa) the gouvernor (nāʾib) of Gaza had sent to Damascus.
The Black Death strikes Avignon and unusual mild weather combines with devastating frosts that damage fruits and crops.
Quo tempore eciam ibidem maxima fuit mortalitas, ut lxxx milia hominum infra tre menses Avinion. obiisse referantur. Fuit etiam tanta aeris temperies quod usque quarto idus aprilis nulla nix cecidit, sed idus aprilis venit nix que vinum et nuces lesit. Et tunc in nive cum philomela cuculus cecinit, […] Sed xiiii. Kal. Maii, que erat dies parascaphe, maior nix cecidit quam tota hieme cecidisset, et fere omnes fructus arborum consumpsit. Sed postea tanta temperies supervenit, quod aliqualiter fructus et segetes reparavit.
During that time (1348), there was also a great mortality there, with as many as eighty thousand people reported to have died in Avignon within three months. There was also such a temperate air that until the fourth day before the Ides of April, no snow fell. However, on 13 April, snow fell, damaging the vines and nuts. And then, in the snow, the blackbird and cuckoo sang. But on 18 April, which was Good Friday, more snow fell than had fallen in the whole winter, and it almost entirely consumed all the fruits of the trees. But afterward, such a temperate climate ensued that it somewhat restored the fruits and crops.
1348-04-18-Avignon# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Arivval of the Black Death in Venice, Avignon, Marseille and Messina, with estimated victims. Two fishermen infect Lyons. The plague is present several years and slowly moves North towards Germany and its regions up to the Baltic Sea
Venetiis una die, scilicet resurrectionis dominice, 900 homines preter parvulos absumptos fuisse, proditum est. In Avinione a Kalendis Februarii usque ad Kalendas Octobris centum milia perierunt. Retrospicias ad annos istius tricesimum primum et tertium annum Karoli IV. In Marsilia perpauci viventes remanserunt et in Messana. Duo piscatores per Rodanum de partibus inferioribus cum piscibus ascendentes, Lugdunum subintrabunt, et continuo vicus quietis eorum inficiebatur, et a minimo usque ad maximum, a puero usque ad senem decrepitum, viri et mulieres, simul omnes, illorum duorum pestifera contagione morientes, sic quod nec unus superfuit, perdebantur. Habuti autem lues hec cursum suum per annos multos, et a meridie lente diffundebatur in aquilonem, sic quod anno Domini 1350, venit in Theutoniam et plures ejus provincias, puta Westphaliam, Saxoniam, Slaviam, Daciam etc.
In Venice, it was reported that on one day, namely Easter Sunday, 900 people, excluding children, were consumed. In Avignon, from the first of February to the first of October, one hundred thousand perished, looking back thirty-one years to the third year of the reign of Charles IV. In Marseille, very few remained alive, as in Messina. Two fishermen from the lower parts of the Rhone, ascending with fish, entered Lyon, and immediately the quarters were infected with quiet disease, and from the least to the greatest, from child to decrepit elder, men and women together, all dying from the contagious pestilence of those two, so that not one survived, they perished. This plague had its course for many years, spreading slowly from south to north, so that in the year of our Lord 1350, it reached Germany and many of its provinces, such as Westphalia, Saxony, the Baltic Coast, Denmark, and others.
Outbreak of the Black Death causing the death of two canons of the cathedral of Ventimiglia and the city's bishop, as noted in a contemporary necrologue
In nomine Domini amen. MCCCXLVIII die XX mensis aprilis. Incepta mortalitate in civitate Vintimilii magna, interemit honorabilium virum Dominum Iohannem Berrettam praepositum, et Petrum canonicum dictae civitatis.In tempore huius eccidii Bonifacius Villaco episcopus Vintimilii mortuus est.
In the name of the Lord, amen. In the year 1348, on the 20th day of April. At the onset of the great mortality in the city of Ventimiglia, it took the lives of the honorable man Lord Giovanni Berretta, provost, and Pietro, a canon of the said city. During this time of devastation, Bonifacio Villaco, bishop of Ventimiglia, also died.
Letter from the Venetian Senate to the city government of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) condoling for the many deaths caused by plague.
Quod scribatur nostro comiti et comuni Ragusii cum pulcris verbis, condolendo de pestifero casu mortalitatis, propter quam de personis multum diminuiti dicuntur.
That shall be written to our officials and the city of Ragusa, with beautiful words, expressing condolences for the epidemic-related case of mortality, about which they say the number of persons has been diminished very much
Black Death in Bologna ravages for 5 months and kills allegedly 60% of population. City is partially abandoned afterwards and heritages remain unclaimed
Anno Domini 1348. Pestilentia magna Bononia quamplures consumpssit, a mense madii usque ad mensem septembris: de quinque tres mortui sunt. Erat miserabilis status civitatis, nam multe domus facte sunt habitatoribus vacue; hereditates quamplures sine heredibus remanserunt.
Beginn of the Black Death in Bologna.
In lo dicto millesimo fu una gran mortalità in Bollogna. Comenzò del mexe de mazo e durò de fino a sa Michele ch'è de setenbre, e fo sì fera che astimado fo che di cinque era morti gli tri e più; e fo maore anchore che dire no se porave.
In lo dicto millesimo fu una gran mortalità in Bologna. It began in the month of March and lasted until Michaelmas, which is in September, and it was so bad that the three or more of the five died, and it was so bad that it was impossible to say.
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The Black Death at the Levantine coast (sawāḥil): The inhabitants of Damascus, after having heard about plague (wabāʾ) in the Levantine coastal plain and other regions, feared it might reach their city, too, and many people might die of the disease (dāʾ). For this reason, al-Bukhārī's (d. 870) hadith collection was recited in Damascus after Friday prayer on June 6, 1348. The judges and a group of people were present. Prayers of supplication were spoken, asking God to bring the pandemic to an end. On June 9, surah "Nūḥ" from the Quran was recited 3,363 times.

The Black Death ravages in Siena.
La mortalità cominciò in Siena di magio, la quale fu oribile e crudel cosa, e non so da qual lato cominciare la crudeltà che era e modi dispiatati, che quasi a ognuno pareva che di dolore a vedere si diventavano stupefatti; e non è possibile a lingua umana a contare la oribile cosa, che ben si può dire beato a chi tanta oribiltà non vidde. E morivano quasi di subito, e infiavano sotto il ditello e l'anguinaia e favellando cadevano morti. El padre abandonava el figluolo, la moglie el marito, e l'uno fratello l'altro: e gnuno fugiva e abandonava l'uno, inperochè questo morbo s'attachava coll'alito e co' la vista pareva, e così morivano, e non si trovava chi soppellisse nè per denaro nè per amicitia, e quelli de la casa propria li portava meglio che potea a la fossa senza prete, nè uffitio alcuno, nè si sonava canpana; e in molti luoghi in Siena si fe' grandi fosse e cupe per la moltitudine de' morti, e morivano a centinaia il dì e la notte, e ognuno [si] gittava in quelle fosse e cuprivano a suolo a suolo, e così tanto che s'enpivano le dette fosse, e poi facevano più fosse.
Mortality began in Siena in May, which was a horrible and cruel thing, and I don't know where to begin with the cruelty that it was and the dispiatable ways, that almost to everyone it seemed that they became stupefied with grief at the sight; and it is not possible for human language to count the horrible thing, that one can well say blessed to those who did not see such oribilty. And they died almost at once, and infirmed under the finger and the eel, and speaking they fell dead. The father abandons his son, the wife her husband, and one brother the other: And each one fled and abandonned the other, because this disease was attacked by breath and sight, it seemed, and so they died, and there was no one to be found who would kill them either for money or for friendship, and those of their own house took them as best they could to the grave without a priest, nor any office, nor were they singing canpas; And in many places in Siena large and dark pits were made for the multitude of the dead, and they died by the hundreds day and night, and each one [was] thrown into those pits and they were buried floor to floor, and so much so that the said pits were filled in, and then they made more pits.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Orvieto with a high number of deaths und many vacant houses.
Nelle calende di Maggio de l'anno mille et trecento quaranta otto, sì cominciò in Orvieto una grande mortalità di gente, et veniva ogni dì cresciendo più, et crebbe fino al mese di [p. 26] giugno et luglio: chè si trovó tal dì, che morirono cinquecento cristiani, tra grandi et piccoli, et maschi et femine. Et era sí grande la mortalità et lo sbigottimento delle genti, che morivano di subito; et la matina erano sani et l'altra matina morti. Et le bottege delli artefici tutte stavano chiuse. Et durò questa mortalità finamente a calenne di septembre; onde molte famiglie e chasate rimasero sderate; et contasi, che delle dieci parti ne morissero le nove parti; et quelle che rimasero, rimasero inferme e sbigottite, et con gran terrore dispartirsene delle case che rimasero delle genti loro morte.
On the first of May in the year one thousand three hundred and forty-eight, a great mortality of people began in Orvieto, and it was increasing every day, and grew until the month of June and July: for on such a day, five hundred Christians died, young and old, male and female. And the mortality and bewilderment of the people was so great that they died immediately; and one morning they were healthy and the next morning they were dead. And the workshops of the artisans were all closed. And this mortality lasted until the September heat of the year; so that many families and houses were destroyed; and it was counted that nine of the ten families died; and those that remained were sick and disconcerted, and with great terror they dispersed from the houses that remained of the people who had died.
During the Black Death in Perugia the relics of St. Florentius are found and carried around town in procession
Adi 2 di maggio 1348 fu ritrovato il corpo di S. Fiorenzo che stava sotto l'aitar grande di detta chiesa, et alli 4 del detto mese si trovarono tutte le religiosi alla detta chiesa di S. Fiorenzo, et con molta devozione fu portato quel, santo corpo in processione per la città acciò Dio cessasse così gran pestilenzia. Fu poi riposto detto corpo ch'era senza il capo sotto l'aitar grande, dove al presente si conserva.
On the 2nd of May, 1348, the body of St. Florentius was found beneath the main altar of said church, and on the 4th of the same month, all the religious gathered at the said church of San Fiorenzo, and with great devotion, that holy body was carried in procession through the city so that God would cease such a great pestilence. That body, which was without the head, was then placed back beneath the main altar, where it is currently preserved
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X, pp. 980–982
Severe plague in Savona and Francesco Petrarca laments the death of his friend Francesco Albizzi, who presumably died there because of the plague in April 1348
Saona nocens atque impia [...] Pro quo quid aliud optem tibi? [..] (p. 982) Quicquid vel mortium vel morborum per omnes terras ac maria pestifer hic annus effudit, in te solam confluat; queque aliis annua, tibi pestis eterna sit.
Savona! Accursed, cruel place! [...] What else should I wish for you but this: [...] Whatever death and destruction this year of pestilence has poured over all lands and seas, let it flow only to you. And may the plague that was annual in other regions be eternal for you!
Fù una gran mortalità, che delle cinque parti, ne morsero tre, e cominciò di maggio e durò fino à San Michele.
It was a great mortality, that out of five parts, three died, and began in May and lasted until San Michele.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Cesena for half a year
MCCCXLVIII. indictione prima, de mense iunii, generalis mortalitas per universum orbem dominari incepit, et duravit quasi usque ad Nativitatem, de mense decembris dicti anni.
Black Death in Damascus from May 31 to June 28, 1348) with every day more than 100 people died; especially women.
The Black Death in Damascus: In the month of Rabīʿ I 749 H (May 31 to June 28, 1348), every day more than 100 people died of plague (amrāḍ al-ṭawāʿīn) in Damascus; especially women died.
Spread of the Black Death in Tuscany and Padua, which lasted 6 months
Tempore huius pestis dominus Guerra comes Sancti Bonifacii, potestas in Senis, obiit quasi cum tota sua familia, ub etiam, Florentie et Pisis et per totam Tusciam fuit mortalitas abhorrenda. Hec pestis durabat sex mensibus communiter a sui principio in qualibet regione. Nobilis vir Andreas Moresinus, potestas Padue, in tertio suo regimine expiravit, mense Junii. Huic in regimine filius substitutus statim obiit. Audi tamen mirabile, quod tempore hujus cladis non obiit rex, princeps, nec dominus civitatis.
During this plague (1348), Lord Guerra, Count of San Bonifacio, the Podestà in Siena, died along with almost his entire household. Also, in Florence, Pisa, and throughout all of Tuscany, there was a dreadful mortality. This plague generally lasted six months from its onset in each region. The noble man Andrea Moresini, the Podestà of Padua, died in his third term of office in the month of June. His son, who succeeded him in office, immediately died. However, hear something remarkable: during this calamity, no king, prince, or lord of a city died.
Social and Psychological Reactions to the Outbreak of the Black Death in Trento.
et ego nondum bene liberatus sum a malo glandulae, et stans summo mane propter absentiam aliorum clericorum ad fenestram sacristiae S. Vigilii vidi quandam mulierum euntem ad sepulchrum viri sui, et in fovea volutari; tamquam volutaretur pecus sine feretro, vel alio cantore; et dico quod propter accidentia secunda crevit tantus timor inter gentes, quod multi divites fugiebant cum familiis eorum per villas, et relinquebant domus proprias, et Christiani evitabant se invicem, tamquam lepus leonem, vel sanus leprosum, et dico tam de patre vel de matre contra filium, et e converso, vel de sorore contra fratrem, et e converso, vel de propinquo contra propinquum, quam de illis qui non noverant se: quia aliquos vidi nolentes accedere ad sepulturam filiorum propter timorem, et multi confitebatur in sanitatem, et die noctuque dimittebatur corpus Christi, et Oleum sanctum super altaribus, et quasi nullus sacerdis volebat sacramenta portare, nisi illi qui cupiditate lucri torquebantur, et fratres et sacerdotes in Tridento nisi unum evadere vidi, vel etiam de frequentantibus ad infirmos: omnia cimiteria plebium de Tridento, in tam modico tempore plena fuerunt, quod opportunum erat funera sepeliri extra sacrarium, et in fovea una multoties ponebantur quinque vel sex funera; et quandoque aperiebatur bis una fovea in die una.
I myself am not yet fully recovered from glandular illness, and standing early in the morning at the window of the sacristy of St. Vigilius due to the absence of other clerics, I saw a certain woman going to the grave of her husband and rolling in the pit; as if she were a beast rolling without a bier or any singer. And I say that because of subsequent events, such great fear grew among the people that many wealthy individuals fled with their families to villages, abandoning their own homes, and Christians avoided each other like a rabbit avoids a lion, or a healthy person avoids a leper. This applied to fathers and mothers against their children, and vice versa, or sisters against brothers, and vice versa, or relatives against relatives, as well as those who did not know each other. For I saw some unwilling to approach the burial of their own children out of fear, and many confessed in good health, and day and night the body of Christ and the holy oil were left on the altars, and almost no priest wanted to carry the sacraments, except those driven by the desire for profit. Among the friars and priests in Trento, I saw only one escape, even among those tending to the sick. All the cemeteries in the parishes of Trento were so quickly filled that it became necessary to bury the dead outside the consecrated ground, and in one grave, five or six bodies were often placed; and sometimes one grave was opened twice in a single day.
Mortality of specific groups of people during Black Death in Trento; changes in the economy in the aftermath.
In Sancto Vigilio interierunt Clerici praebendati 40, quorum fuere canonici 14, mansionariae ambo bis vacaverunt in sex mensibus. De mulieribus praegnantibus dico quod de illis quae fuerunt praegnantes tempore illius infirmitatis non evaserunt in Tridento sex quia omnes moriebantur. Et dicebatur quod dicta infirmitas circuivit totum mundum tam inter paganos, Turcas, Judaeos, quam inter Christianos, sed (p. 52) non fuit tantum uno tempore, quia in aliquibus locis fuit in Autumno, in aliquibus in hieme, in aliquibus in vere, et in aliquibus in aestate; et citius moriebantur juvenes quam senes, et magis domicellae, et quanto erat pulchrior domicella, tanto citius moriebatur, et magis mulieres quam viri, et semper quod audivi ubique incipiebat mortalitas secunda a domicellabus, et tantum a pulchrioribus, quod bene sic fuit in Tridento, quia vidi tres domicellas, quae pulchrae fuissent in Curia Regis, una die mori quando supradicta incepta fuerunt, et tunc temporis non inveniebantur laboratores, et segetes remanebant per campos, quia non inveniebantur collectores. Et millesimo CCCXLIX dabantur uni laboratori XIII vel XIIII vel XV soldi, et quasi non inveniebant pro illo pretio; dabantur uni mulieri VI vel VII vel VIII solidi tantum pro una die: vendebantur plaustrum vini parvi valoris XL vel XLV vel quinquaginta libris denar. parvorum. Boni vini vendebantur ad plaustrum, sed ego vidi vendi unum plaustrum alicujus boni vini minutim dico ad rationem centum librarum, et dico de vino Tridentino, plura non scribo, quia multa alia possent scribi. Duravit infirmitas secunda in Tridento, mensibus sex, et sic per totum mundum secundum quod audivi. Magis moriebantur medici, quam aliii, et vii meliores, prout vidi, et ab aliis partibus audivi, quia secundae infirmitati non inveniebantur medicina, vel remedium nisi a solo Deo, cui est honor et gloria in saecula saeculorum. Amen.
In Saint Vigilius, 40 prebendary clerics died, of whom 14 were canons, and both mansions were vacated twice within six months. Regarding pregnant women, I say that of those who were pregnant during that time of illness, not six survived in Trento, because all died. It was said that the aforementioned illness spread throughout the whole world, among pagans, Turks, Jews, as well as among Christians, but not all at the same time. In some places, it occurred in autumn, in others in winter, in some in spring, and in others in summer. Young people died more quickly than the elderly, and maidens more so, and the more beautiful the maiden, the quicker she died, and more women than men. I always heard that the second wave of mortality started with the maidens, especially the more beautiful ones, which was certainly the case in Trento. I saw three maidens who would have been beautiful at the royal court die in one day when the above-mentioned sickness began, and at that time, laborers were not to be found, and the crops remained in the fields because there were no gatherers. In 1349, a laborer was paid 13, 14, or 15 soldi, but they were almost impossible to find even for that price; a woman was paid 6, 7, or 8 soldi for one day. A cartload of low-quality wine was sold for 40, 45, or 50 pounds of small coins. Good wine was sold by the cartload, but I saw a cartload of good wine being sold bit by bit for the equivalent of 100 pounds, and I am referring to Trento wine. I write no more because much more could be written. The second wave of illness in Trento lasted six months, and so it was throughout the world as I heard. More doctors died than others, and the seven best, as I saw and heard from other parts, because there was no medicine or remedy for the second illness except from God alone, to whom be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.
The Black Death reaches Almeria and other parts of Spain like Valencia and Majorca, but also Northern Africa with cities like Tlemcen and Tunisia. Mortality varies by month and also social topography is provided.
Diese Pest, die jetzt entstanden ist, und nach der gefragt wurde, scheint mir aus der ersten Art der erwähnten Ursachen entstanden zu sein. Es spricht dafür, dass sie sich in den meisten, wenn nicht in allen Ländern, zu allen Jahreszeiten jahrelang hin durch ausbreitete, ohne daß die Regeln des Regens, des Wehens der Winde in den verschiedenen Jahreszeiten sich viel ändern, weder nach eigener Beobachtung noch nach dem, was uns aus anderen Ländern erzählt wird. Die Jahreszeiten wechseln, ohne dass ihr Wechsel die Krankheit anscheinend beeinflusst, sondern sie bleibt sich immer gleich. Sie brach in Almeriah Anfang Rabi I. Jahr 749 aus (1. Juni 1348), wütete einen Teil des Frühlings, den ganzen Sommer bis in die Herbstmonate und einen Teil des Winters bis jetzt, wo mein Buch geschrieben wird, Mitte Di-lkifdah, das heisst die ersten Tage des Februar. Bis jetzt ist sie nicht weg, aber die Erscheinungen der Gnade Gottes sind zu spüren, möge er uns recht bald seine Gnade ganz zuwenden! Die ganze Zeit hindurch blieb die Art der Krankheit die gleiche; es kam aber vor, daß die Symptome sich den Jahreszeiten anpaßten. Sie fing leicht an, und es waren zuerst nur wenige Leute, die befallen wurden; dann nahm sie allmählich und (p. 41) leicht zu bis Ende Ğumādā 2., das heißt Ende September, und dann nahm sie heftig zu und erhielt sich ungefähr mit gleicher Heftigkeit bis jetzt. Es war äußerst gnädig von Gott, daß sie in Almeriah so leicht angefangen hat, denn wenn sie plötzlich die Leute überfallen hätte, wie das in anderen Stätten des Islam der Fall war, wären die Einwohner infolge des Schreckens hilflos zu grunde gegangen. Sie hat angefangen in einer Ecke der Stadt, die unter dem Namen Hūām bekannt ist, die Nordostecke am Ğabala, die Wohnstätte der Armen und Bedürftigen. Die ersten Fälle waren von Leuten mit dem Namen Beni Danna bekannt, und von ihnen aus verbreitete sich die Krankheit allmählich unter den Nachbarn langsam zunehmend, und auf die Umgebung übergreifend, bis sie die äußeren Grenzen der Stadt und dann das Stadtinnere erreichte. Die Höchstzahl an Todesfällen an einem Tage während der ganzen Zeit war 70, eine Zahl, die verhältnismäßig gering ist verglichen mit dem, was uns über andere Städte des Islam und der Christen berichtet wurde. Glaubwürdige Berichterstatter erzählten uns, daß an einem Tage in Tunis 1202 Todesfälle vorkamen, in Tilimsan über 700, unlägst in Valencia am Unsoratag 1500, auf der Insel Mallorca am 24. Mai 1252, wo die Überlebenden auf etwa ein Viertel der Gesamtzahl der Einwohner geschätzt wurden. Das gleiche wurde uns über alle größeren und kleineren Städte berichtet.
This plague which has now arisen, and which has been enquired after, seems to me to have arisen from the first kind of causes mentioned. It appears that in most, if not in all countries, it spread through all seasons for years, without much change in the rules of the rain, the blowing of the winds in the different seasons, either from our own observation or from what we are told from other countries. The seasons change without their change apparently affecting the disease, but it always remains the same. It broke out in Almeriah at the beginning of Rabi I year 749 (1 June 1348), raged part of the spring, the whole summer until the autumn months and part of the winter until now, when my book is being written, in the middle of Di-lkifdah, that is, the first days of February. So far it has not gone, but the manifestations of God's grace can be felt, may he turn his grace to us completely very soon! All this time the nature of the illness remained the same, but it happened that the symptoms changed with the seasons. It began lightly, and at first only a few people were afflicted; then it gradually and (p. 41) slightly increased until the end of Ğumādā 2, that is, the end of September, and then it increased violently and continued with about the same severity until now. It was most merciful of God that it started so easily in Almeriah, for if it had suddenly attacked the people, as it did in other places of Islam, the inhabitants would have perished helplessly as a result of the terror. It started in a corner of the city known as Hūām, the north-east corner of Ğabala, the home of the poor and needy. The first cases were known from people called Beni Danna, and from them the disease gradually spread among the neighbours, slowly increasing and spreading to the surrounding area until it reached the outer limits of the city and then the city centre. The maximum number of deaths in one day during the entire period was 70, a number that is relatively low compared to what we have been told about other Islamic and Christian cities. Credible reporters told us that there were 1202 deaths in one day in Tunis, over 700 in Tlemcen, 1500 in Valencia on the day of the Unsorat, and 1252 on the island of Mallorca on 24 May, where the survivors were estimated at about a quarter of the total number of inhabitants. The same was reported for all larger and smaller towns.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Trento; detailed description of symptoms of plague and chances of survival.
Item eodem millesimo et indictione die 2 junii incepit quaedam mortalitas in Tridentino, quae fuit quintuplex, primo fuit febris (p. 51) continue, secundo glandularum, quae veniebant in inguinibus, vel sub brachiis, tertio carbunculorum, quarto sputi sanguinis quod appellatur antras, quinto mali dormiae, sexto quod appellatur malum S. Christophori, et per certo mortui sunt in Tridento de sex personis quinque, et non fuit aliqua familia in Tridento, quae non minueretur et multae familiae in totum interierunt, et de multis parentelis nulla persona remansit, itaque multae domus, et quasi omnes erant sine habitationibus, adhuc multae personae insaniebant, et quasi nullus qui infirmibatur, vivebat ultra 3 vel 4 aut quintam diem, sed si evadebat ultra xx. dies, liberabatur, sed major pars moriebatur tertia vel secunda vel prima die, vel subito, quia multae personae tradebantur mortuae ipsis euntibus per viam, tamquam fuissent pira matura. De sputo sanguinis nullum vidi vel audivi evadere, et qui liberabantur ab aliis infirmitatibus, quasi de pro maiori parte defectuosi remanebant, vel non poterant liberari vix post longum tempus.
In the same year and indiction, on June 2, a certain plague began in Trento, which was fivefold. First, there was continuous fever (p. 51), second, swelling of the glands, which appeared in the groin or under the arms, third, carbuncles, fourth, spitting of blood called anthrax, fifth, severe insomnia, sixth, what is called St. Christopher's disease. Certainly, out of six people, five died in Trento, and there was no family in Trento that was not diminished, and many families were entirely wiped out, and among many relatives, no person remained. Consequently, many houses, almost all, were without inhabitants, and many people went mad. Almost no one who fell ill survived beyond the third, fourth, or fifth day, but if they survived beyond twenty days, they were freed. However, the majority died on the third, second, or first day, or suddenly, because many people were found dead while walking on the road, as if they were ripe pears. Of those who spit blood, I saw or heard of none who survived, and those who were cured of other ailments remained almost entirely impaired or could barely recover after a long time.
C. A. Christensen, K. Friis Johansen: ''Danmarks Riges Breve''. 3rd series, volume 3, 1348-1352. København 1963, p. 15
The Danish nobleman Albert v. Osten donates a homestead and land to Sorø Abbey on Zealand in the memory of his deceased brothers
Den velbyrdige mand Albert v. Osten skænkede med from tanke på sine afdøde brødre Godfred og Wedekin, kaldet v. Osten, og med sin hustru Gretes samtykke en toft i Sønder Mern med en øre skyldjord i tilliggende til klostret med al kongelig ret, skat og tjenesteydelser, som skyldes deraf, at forblive i klostrets evige besiddelse for hans, hans hustrus og nævnte brødres synders skyld. Han gav også den, der boede på denne toft, fri ret til sammen med hans andre undergivne at fælde træ i hans skov sammesteds til bygninger og til arnested. I det Herrens år 1348 pinsedag.
The benevolent man Albert von Osten, with pious thought of his deceased brothers Godfred and Wedekin, called von Osten, and with his wife Grete's consent, donated a homestead in Sønder Mern with a penny of debtland belonging to the monastery with all royal rights, taxes and services due thereto, to remain in the monastery's eternal possession for his, his wife's and said brothers' sins. He also gave the one who lived on this homestead the free right, together with his other subjects, to cut wood in his forest there for buildings and for hearths. In the year of our Lord 1348 Pentecost.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Rimini.
Ditto anno, e die XV de magio. Cominzoe in Arimino una grandissima mortalità, e poi per lo contado, e durò infina adì primo de decembre. E morì de tre persone le doe. E prima morì la poveraglia e poi gli altri grandi, fora ca tiranni e grandi signuri non morì nissuno. E questa mortalitade fo generale in ogne paese.
That year, and the fifteenth of May. A great mortality began in Arimino, and then in the countryside, and lasted until the first of December. And the two people died of three. And first the poor died, and then the other great ones, except that tyrants and great lords did not die. And this mortality was general in every country.
Effects of the Black Death on governmental acitivies in Pistoia, Tuscany.
In Dei nomine amen. Anno nativitatis dominice MCCCXLVIII° Indictione prima die xvii° iunij Item, cum difficile sit immo quasi impossibile, ex infirmitate et mortalitate hominum existente, posse opportuna collegia communis Pistorij in sufficienti numero congregare [...] videtur et placet dicto Consilio providere, ordinare et reformare quod toto tempore presentium officiorum predictorum, quod esse debet hinc ad diem viii] mensis augusti proximi futuri, sufficiat congregari de numero dictorum vigintiquatuor (deputatorum super provisione expensarum communis Pistorij) duodecim ad minus et de numero dictorum duodec (deputatorum super custodia et munitione castrorum) sex ad minus, ad deliberandum et providendum que dicta officia habent deliberare et providere. Et sic possint dicto numero predicto tempore providere et deliberare, sicut congregata essent in solito et opportuno numero.
In the name of God, amen. In the year of our Lord's birth 1348, first indiction, on the 17th day of June. Furthermore, since it is difficult, indeed almost impossible, due to the illness and mortality of people, to be able to gather the appropriate assemblies of the commune of Pistoia in sufficient numbers [...] it is deemed and agreed by the said Council to provide, ordain, and reform that for the entire duration of the present offices, which should last from now until the 8th day of the upcoming month of August, it will be sufficient to convene twelve out of the twenty-four members (appointed for the provision of the commune's expenses of Pistoia) and at least six out of the twelve members (appointed for the custody and fortification of the castles) to deliberate and provide for what these offices are to deliberate and provide. And thus, they may be able to provide and deliberate during the said period with the said number, as if they were gathered in the usual and appropriate number.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Faenza with blood spitting
1348 iunii 20. Incepit Faventiae mortalitas gangolarum et sputi sanguinis, et duravit per annum.
Persecutions of Jews in the total kingdom of Arelat, except the city Avignon, because they were accused for being the reason for the plague.
De cremacione Iudeorum, et in quibus terre locis, et propter quid. Anno eodem a festo Iohannis baptiste [24.06.] usque ad festum omnium sanctorum [01.11.] Iudei per totum regnum Arelatensem, excepta civitate Avinionensi, quam papa comparaverat scilicet Clemens vi., qui Iudeos ibi degentes defendebat, omnes cremati sunt et occisi usque ad oppidum Solodorensem, in quo eciam cremati sunt, propter mortalitatem que viguit predicto anno et sequenti, que Iudeis adscribebatur. Nam dicebatur et fama communis hoc habuit et ipsi idem fatebantur, hoc idem prout in gestis anni sequentis patebit, quod fontes intoxicassent. Unde Constantienses tunc preceperunt, ut sui aquam de lacu et non de fontibus haurirent, et quod Iudei fontibus et puteis uterentur tantum Christianorum, puteos Iudeorum fimo ac lapidibus obruentes.
Concerning the burning of the Jews and in which places on earth and for what reason. In the same year (1348), from the feast of John the Baptist [24 June] to the feast of All Saints [1 November], all the Jews throughout the kingdom of Arelat, with the exception of the city of Avignon, which had been acquired by Pope Clement VI and in which the Jews residing there were protected, were burnt and killed, until the city of Solothurn, where they were also burnt, on account of the plague which raged in that and the following year and was attributed to the Jews. For it was said and it was generally believed, and the Jews themselves admitted, and this will be shown in the following years, that they had poisoned the springs. Therefore the people of Constance at that time ordered that they should draw their water from the lake and not from the springs, and that the Jews should only use the Christians' springs and wells, while the Jews' wells were blocked up with faeces and stones.
C. A. Christensen, K. Friis Johansen: ''Danmarks Riges Breve''. 3rd series, volume 3, 1348-1352. København 1963, p. 109
Archbishop Peder of Lund decrees that the testamentary heirs of deceased priests may receive the income of the parish church until next year's Quasimodogenitis Sunday.
Da nu — efter hvad vi har erfaret — den uskik har vundet hævd i vort stift Lund, førend vi blev antaget til som biskop at drage omsorg for kirkens styre, at arvingerne efter afdøde gejstlige, der har haft beneficium sammesteds, i kortere og længere tid, uden fast regel, men i henhold til forskelligartede myndigheders afgørelser har oppebåret indtægterne og indkomsterne af nævnte afdøde gejstliges beneficier, hvorved adskillige, såvel de nævnte afdødes arvinger, som de, der tiltrådte samme beneficier, undertiden har lidt et alvorligt afbræk i deres ret, har I ydmygt ansøgt om, at vi med årvågen omsorg vil sørge for Eder med et passende lægemiddel.
Since now - according to what we have learnt - this custom has prevailed in our diocese of Lund, before we were accepted as bishop to take care of the church's governance, that the heirs of deceased clergymen who have had beneficium here, for shorter and longer periods of time, without any fixed rule, but according to various decisions of various authorities, have received the revenues and incomes of said deceased clergymen's benefices, whereby several, both the heirs of the said deceased, as well as those who received the same benefices, have sometimes suffered a serious interruption in their rights, you have humbly requested that we, with with vigilant care we will provide you with a suitable medicine.
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859, vol. 1 (1853), pp. 227-229
In the days of the Black Death, in late July 1348, the governor of Syria Arghūn-Shāh ordered the inhabitants of Damascus to fast for three days and to close the food stalls in the market. People fasted from July 22 to 24. Afterwards, the elites and the other social strata flocked to the Umayyad Mosque to recite ritual prayers, supplications and invocations of God. They spent the night there, and at dawn the morning prayer was said. Then all the inhabitants of the city – men, women and children – went out to the Mosque of the Footprints (Aqdām), the amirs on bare feet. Muslims, Jews, and Christians all took part, carrying their respective Books and imploring God. At the mosque, people abased themselves before God and supplicated him. At noon they returned to the city and the Friday prayer was said. God, then, reduced their suffering. The daily death toll in Damascus did not reach 2,000 whereas in Cairo it amounted to 24,000.
Anecdote: I witnessed at the time of the Great Plague at Damascus in the latter part of the month of Second Rabīʿ of the year 49, a remarkable instance of the veneration of the people of Damascus for this mosque. Arghun-Shah, king of the amirs and the Sultan's viceroy, ordered a crier to proclaim through Damascus that the people should fast for three days and that no one should cook in the bazaar during the daytime anything to be eaten (for most of the people there eat no food but what has been prepared in the bazaar). So the people fasted for three successive days, the last of which was a Thursday. At the end of this period the amirs, sharifs, qadis, doctors of the Law, and all other classes of the people in their several degrees, assembled in the Great Mosque, until it was filled to overflowing with them, and spent the Thursday night there in prayers and liturgies and supplications. Then, after performing the dawn prayer [on the Friday morning], they all went out together on foot carrying Qur'ans in their hands — the amirs too barefooted. The entire population of the city joined in the exodus, male and female, small and large; the Jews went out with their book of the Law and the Christians with their Gospel, their women and children with them; the whole concourse of them in tears and humble supplications, imploring the favour of God through His Books and His Prophets. They made their way to the Mosque of the Footprints and remained there in supplication and invocation until near midday, then returned to the city and held the Friday service. God Most High lightened their affliction; the number of deaths in a single day reached a maximum of two thousand, whereas the number rose in Cairo and Old Cairo to twenty-four thousand in a day.
Shortage of wax candles due to the numerous deaths of the Black Death in Orvieto and corresponding regulations of wax quantities at funerals
Considerantes et advertentes necem pestiferam, que adheo atrociter suas undique saggitas emictit, et quod propter cere inopiam et caristiam de huiusmodi cera funeri non potest honor solitus exhibiri, volentes distinguere tempora et super hiis debite providere [...], nulla persona popularis vel nobilis possit nec debeat ad funus alicuius defuncti, cuiuscumque status vel condicionis existat, mictere vel deferri facere cereos cere amplioris ponderis, nisi ut inferius est expressum; videlicet, popularis quatuor libr. tantum vel ad inde infra, ad penam, pro quolibet et qualibet vice; decem lib. den., et nobilis ponderis lib. decem et non ultra vel ab inde infra sicut voluerit, ad penam XXV lib. den.
Considering and observing the deadly pestilence, which so fiercely sends its arrows everywhere, and because of the scarcity and high cost of wax, it is not possible to give the customary honor to funerals with such wax, wishing to distinguish the times and provide duly for these matters [...], no commoner or noble person can or should send or have carried to the funeral of any deceased person, regardless of their status or condition, candles of greater weight than specified below: namely, a commoner may send only four pounds or less, under penalty of ten pounds of denarii for each offense; and a noble may send candles weighing ten pounds and no more, or less if they wish, under penalty of twenty-five pounds of denarii
Adjustments to the judicial system due to the plague raging in Venice. Many notaries and other legally relevant persons have died or left the city. The latter are ordered to return to Venice, otherwise they will lose their offices. The same threat is made to the doctors.
Cum multe persone et quasi sine numero sint que cotidie veniant ad curias et proprii et examinatorum et occaxione huius casus occurssi pro mortalitate presentis temporis [...] Et quia multi notarii et infiniti, qui receperunt rogamina testamentorum et cartarum aliarum plurium sunt morti [...] Et quia officia nostra occaxione notariorum et scribarum et eciam aliorum nostrorum officialium multum deffectum portabant, qui sunt extra Venecias et venire non curant, consulunt, quod publicata presenti parte, omnes cancellarii, notarii et scribe omnium nostrorum officiorum tam clerici quam layci qui exiverunt de terra a duobus mensibus citra tenenantur venisse Venecias infra octavam diem […] sub pena perdendi officia qui haberent [...] Quia civitas nostra multum deffectum portat in facto infirmorum occaxione medicorum qui exiverunt de Veneciis.
There are many people, almost innumerable, who daily come to the courts, both their own and those of examiners, and due to this circumstance arising from the mortality of the present time [...] And because many notaries and countless others who have received requests for wills and various other documents are deceased [...] And because our offices suffered greatly due to the absence of notaries and scribes and also other officials of ours, who are outside Venice and do not care to come, it is advised that with this part published, all members of chanceries, notaries, and clerks of all our offices, both clerics and laymen who left two months ago, are bound to have come to Venice within eight days [...] under the penalty of losing the offices they held [...] Because our city suffers greatly in the matter of the sick due to the absence of physicians who left Venice...
The Black Death kills the expert in canon law, Giovanni d'Andrea, in Bologna.
Eodem anno (1346) floruit Iohannes Andree, egregius doctor iuris canonici, qui lecturam suam dictam Novellam super volumine Decretalium et alia multa bona in canonico iure scripsit. Qui anno Domini MCCCXLVIII ex pestilencia hominum, que fuit Bononie et in Ytalia undique [...] decessit.
In the same year (1346), Johannes Andreae flourished, an excellent doctor of canon law, who wrote his lecture known as "Novella" on the volume of Decretals and many other good works in canonical law. He died in the year of our Lord 1348 due to the pestilence among men, which was in Bologna and everywhere in Italy.
Plague has subsided in Venice; to prevent a resurgence of the epidemic, it is forbidden to bring the deceased or (potentially) sick people into the city.
Quoniam per misericordiam nostri altissimi Creatoris satis nostra civitas ab ista pestilencia liberata videatur, et sit faciendum divino auxilio mediante, quod sic maneat liberata, et corpora multa mortua extra Venecias moriencia se faciunt adduci Venecias, quod est causa coruptionis [...] Et quoniam plurimi infirmi qui veniunt Venecias inducere possunt corruptionem, quod absit, consulunt quod nullus forenssis tam homo quam femina et tam magnus quam parvus, infirmus vel qui videretur infirmis, sit qui vellit, ullo modo possit venire Vencias de aliqua parte vel loco tam nobis subiecto quam non nobis subiecto
As our city appears to be sufficiently freed from this pestilence through the mercy of our highest Creator, and it is necessary, with divine assistance, to ensure that it remains so, and since many bodies, dead or dying outside Venice, are being brought to Venice, which is a cause of corruption of the air [...] And as many sick people who come to Venice could bring about corruption of the air, may it be far from us, they advise that no foreigner, whether man or woman, great or small, sick or appearing to be sick, in any way, should be allowed to come to Venice from any place or location, whether subject to our authority or not subject to our authority
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859, vol. 4 (1858), p. 322
The Black Death's death toll in Gaza
Then we went to Ghazza and found most of it deserted because of the numbers that had died during the plague. The qāḍī told me that only a quarter of the eighty notaries there were left and that the number of deaths had risen to eleven hundred a day.
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859, vol. 4 (1858), pp. 320-321
After the Black Death had ended in Jerusalem, the Friday preacher ʿIzz al-Dīn b. Jamāʿa hosted a banquet which the author was invited to: While the plague had lasted, ʿIzz al-Dīn had vowed to host a feast when the epidemic will have abated and he will not have prayed over a deceased person for one day. Most of the notables and dignitaries (ashyākh) Ibn Baṭṭūṭa had known in Jerusalem had died during the plague.
Anecdote: The preacher ʿIzz al-Dīn gave a banquet one day and invited me among his guests. I asked him the reason for it. He told me that during the plague he had sworn he would give a banquet if the plague were to cease and a day were to pass during which he did not pray over a corpse. Then he said: 'Yesterday I did not pray over a corpse so I arranged the banquet as I had promised.' I found that some of the shaikhs I had met in al-Quds [Jerusalem] had departed to be with God Most High. May He have mercy on them! Only a few of them were left like ...
1348-08-00-Jerusalem# QUERY7feea99dcab7b7b0d0594f8f4c7fd113
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila, p. 181
Price increase during the arrival of the plague in L'Aquila
May non forno sì care cose da infirmarìa: / Piccolo pollastrellio quattro solli valìa, / Et l'ovo a dui denari et ad tre se mettìa, / ET delle poma ancora era gran carestìa.
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila
Template:Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV, p. 237
Dating in a letter of Francesco Petrarca refers to fear of plague in the north of Italy
Apud superos, in Gallia Cisalpina ad dexteram Padi ripam, Kalendis Sextilibus anno ab ortu Eius quem an tu rite noveris incertum habeo, MCCCXLVIII.
Among the living in this part of Gaul on the right bank of the Po, on the first of August in the year 1348.
On August 7, 1348 the number of plague deaths in Damascus and its surroundings reached almost 300. Around September 10 (in mid-Jumādā II 749 H), the number of deceased further increased; both elite and common people died; the exact death toll remained unknown. On August 18, the governor of Syria (nāʾib al-salṭana) ordered all dogs in the city to be killed. On September 27 [or, according to one manuscript: October 3], 42 deceased were prayed for at the Umayyad Mosque alone; the mosque didn’t provide enough space for all the corpses, so some had to be placed outside the Sirr Gate.
... ...
On Thursday, the 10th of Jumada al-Awwal, after the noon prayer, the preacher performed a funeral prayer for sixteen deceased individuals all at once. This greatly alarmed and terrified the people, as death was striking many, and the death toll in the town and its surroundings reached nearly three hundred. Indeed, we belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return. After the prayer, another funeral prayer was performed for fifteen deceased individuals at the Great Mosque of Damascus, and at the Mosque of Khalil, a prayer was performed for eleven souls. May Allah have mercy on them. On Monday, the 21st of the same month, the deputy of the Sultanate ordered the killing of dogs in the town. These dogs had become numerous throughout the town, and there were reports of them attacking people and blocking their way during the night. The defilement of places by these dogs had become widespread, making it difficult to avoid. Many had compiled sections of the hadiths regarding their killing and the differences among the scholars on this issue. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, used to command in his sermons to slaughter pigeons and kill dogs. Malik, in the narration of Ibn Wahb, stated that it is permissible to kill dogs in a town where they cause harm, provided the Imam permits it for the public interest. On Friday, the second of the month of Rajab, after the Friday prayer at the Umayyad Mosque, a funeral prayer was performed for someone absent, who was Judge Alauddin, the son of Judge Shubha. Then, a funeral prayer was performed for forty-one deceased individuals all at once. The interior of the mosque could not accommodate them, so some of the deceased were taken outside to the gate of Al-Sirr. The preacher and the naqeeb (head of a group) went out and prayed for all of them there. It was a significant and solemn moment, a great tragedy. Indeed, we belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859, vol. 4 (1858), p. 323
In September or October 1348, the Black Death had abated in Alexandria and Cairo. The maximum death toll in Alexandria had been 1,080, while it had been 21,000 in Cairo. Everyone from among the city elites Ibn Baṭṭūṭa had known in Cairo had died.
Then I travelled to al-Maḥalla al-Kabīra, then to Naḥrarīya, then to Abyār, then to Damanhūr, and then to Alexandria. I found the plague had abated after the number of deaths had risen to a thousand and eighty a day. Then I went to Cairo and was told that during the plague the number of deaths there had risen to twenty-one thousand a day. I found that all the shaikhs I had known were dead. May God Most High have mercy upon them!
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa - Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār 1853-1859, vol. 4 (1858), p. 324.
A pilgrimage caravan left Cairo for Mecca in Rajab 749 H (September 26 to October 24, 1348). The Black Death accompanied it until it reached the Ayla pass (ʿAqaba).
When I arrived in Cairo I found that the Grand Qāḍī ʿIzz al-Dīn, son of the Grand Qāḍī Badr al-Dīn, son of Jamāʿa, had set out for Mecca in a huge caravan called Rajabī, because it leaves in the month of Rajab. I was told that the plague was among them until they reached the pass of Aila where it ceased.
Monumenta Vaticana, vol. 1 (ed. Klicman), Prague 1903, no 1015, p. 571.
Emperor Charles IV mentions the plague at the papal court in Avignon in a letter from the 1st of September 1348.
Nos, quia nonnulli ex fratribus nostris propter pestem, que, ut ad tuam credimus pervenisse noticiam, patriam hanc inaudita et incredibili clade vastavit, a curia secesserant nec adhuc redierunt ad illam, et quidam ex eis, qui in curia refata remanserant, infirmitate gravantur, elicere vel deliberare nequivimus, quid tibi super huiusmodi eiusdem nuncii tui ambassiata respondere possemus.
We, because some of our brothers, due to the plague, which, as we believe has come to your attention, had withdrawn from the [papal, C.O.] court and have not yet returned to it, and some of those who remained in the court are burdened by illness, have been unable to elicit or deliberate on what response we could give you regarding the embassy of your messenger concerning this matter.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Mühldorf in Bavaria.
Cum itaque pestis et decessus hominum prochdolor nimis atrociter lustrasset multos provinciarum fines, venit in Babariam, videlicet in Muldorf; ubi, ut dicebatur, a festo Michahelis preteriti anni (1348) decesserunt 1400 de pocioribus ibidem hominibus.
So when the plague and the excessive passing of people had cruelly ravaged many regions, it came to Bavaria, namely to Mühldorf; where, as it was said, on the feast of Michaelmas of the past year (1348), 1400 of the poorer people there died.
1348-09-29-Muehldorf# QUERY735bd12b20f67f1e4f26b54bfbb2b7fb
Price restrictions on all types of goods, which may only be offered at 25% higher prices than before the Black Death.
artifices, magistri, laboratores et alii de rebus, quas vendunt et aliis magstriis, laboritiis ac victuris et factionibus personalibus, propter sevam et inauditam pestem mortiferam, que nuper undique in humano genere est diffusa, pretium adheo carum tollant, quod cives et alii cuncit conqueruntur merito, et nisi provideatur celeriter, non possent facere facta sua, ex quo detrimentum reipublice non modicum exoritur et iactura [...] ne huiusmodi appetitus noxius et nefandus usus in Urbevetana civitate diutius nec ulterius vigeat et res predicte in congrua disposicione persistant
Craftsmen, masters, laborers, and others, because of the severe and unprecedented deadly plague that has recently spread everywhere among humankind, have raised the prices of the goods they sell and other crafts, labors, and personal services to such an extent that citizens and others justly complain, and unless provision is made quickly, they will not be able to carry out their tasks, resulting in considerable harm and loss to the republic [...] so that this harmful greed and wicked practice may not continue any longer in the city of Orvieto and so that the aforementioned matters may remain in proper order
On October 7, 1348 the number of people who had died of plague and were prayed for at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus reached 150 or more; not included were inhabitants of the outskirts of the city and members of the protected religious minorities (ahl al-dhimma) whose bodies were not brought to the Umayyad Mosque. It was said that on many days, casualties in the outskirts of Damascus (ḥawāḍir al-balad) reached more than 1,000. On October 7, a dust storm reached Damascus; people prayed to God and ask for this to be the end of the plague; things only got worse afterwards, though. On Miʿrāj Night (October 21), not as many people as usual gathered in the Umayyad Mosque because so many people had died of plague and many more were occupied caring for the sick and the deceased. In the beginning of Shaʿbān 749 H (the month began on October 25), many people were infected with plague (fanāʾ), and often there would be a bad smell in the city.
... ...
Continuatio Zwetlensis quarta, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 684-689, 685
Around New Year of 1349 flagellants appeared in Austria and they remained active until Easter, when the plague diminished. The Jews were accused to have poisoned wells and other waters.
Anno 1349 circa circumcisionem Domini usque in pascham viri 40, 60 vel 100 coadunati per ecclesias discurrentes cum flagellis se denudantes usque ad cingulum publicas egerunt penitencias, cantando de passione Domini, quatenus pestilencia que tunc in quibusdam locis prevaluerat cessaret. Incusati autem Iudei, quod fontes et aquas eciam fluentes quibusdam pulveribus toxicassent, unde in superioribus partibus undique autem iugulati, et in Chremsa adusti sunt una cum domibus eorum.
In the year 1349 from around New Year and until Easter 40, 60 or 100 assembled men spread over the churches and beat themselves naked down to the belt requesting penitence in public and singing about the passion of the Lord until the plague, which in those places prevailed, ebbed away. The Jews were accused to have poisoned wells and other waters, also flowing ones, with powders. That is why they were killed in the upper parts [of the country] and in Krems they were burned together with one of their masters.
Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis quinta, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 735-742, 736
In 1349 flagellants arose in Austria and when they were no longer active a great plague raged the land with unheard of mortality.
Eodem anno flagellatores surrexerunt, qui flagellaverunt se, et ibant de civitate in civitatem, et de villa in villam. Et finita ista secta, venit pestilentia sive mortalitas magna et inaudita, quod sepe una die sepeliebant mille homines nisi in una civitate, et in rure sepeliebantur homines in campis et talis pestilentia nunquam visa fuit, nec visa est.
In this year the flagellants arose, who beat themselves and they went from city to city and from village to village. And when this sect was finished a plague arrived or a great and unheard of mortality by which often in one day thousand people were buried in just one city, and in rural areas the people were buried in the fields and so great was the plague that it was never seen before nor is it seen.
Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis quinta
1349. Anno 1349 in dem winter was gar ain grosser tod zu Costentz.
1349. Anno 1349, there was a great plague in Constance during the winter.
Notae Cracovienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. 5, p. 905
Flagellants came from Hungary during that year and a great plague broke out in Cracov
Anno Domini 1349 flagellatores nudi venerunt de Ungaria. Eodem anno perstilencia magna erat in Cracovia.
In the year 1349 nude flagellants came from Hungary. In the same year there was a great pestilence in Cracov,
''Chronica Sialandie''. In: Ellen Jørgensen: ''Annales Danici medii ævi''. København 1920, p. 175
Black Death in Denmark in the year 1349.
''Chronica Sialandie''. In: Ellen Jørgensen: ''Annales Danici medii ævi''. København 1920
After the plague the citizens in Florence were still in shock and listless. But peoples of Colle Val d'Elsa and San Gimignano returned to power and castles of the Ubaldini were taken.
Sequenti etiam anno parum aut nihil gestum, consternata adhuc civitate superiori pestilentia. Collenses tantum et Geminianenses domesticis seditionibus laborantes in potestatem florentini populi redierunt. Et circa Apenninum aliquot castella de Ubaldinis capta, quibus latrocinia exercebantur.
In the following year, too, little or nothing was done, as the city was still in shock from the plague. The peoples of Colle Val d’Elsa and San Gimignano, wracked by domestic turmoils, returned to the power of the Florentine People. And in the Apennines several castles of the Ubaldini were taken which had been centers of brigandage.
''Diplomatarium Danicum'', 1st–3rd series, 3, 3, no. 217, p. 170
The plague was transmitted to Halland in Denmark, where it erupted in the autumn of 1349 in the port of Halmstad. King Magnus IV calls upon the population of Linköping to visit the mass, go to confession, give alms to the poor and the Church, and fast to keep the great plague away
Kong Magnus af Sverige, Norge og Skåne oppfordrer alle beboere i bispedommet i Linköping til at gå i kirke, ofre til de fattige, faste hver fredag, skrifte og give en svensk penning til ære for Gud og jomfru Marie for at holde den “stoora plago“ borte, som “staar nw omkring alt Norge oc Halland oc naakas nu hiit.”
King Magnus of Sweden, Norway and Scania calls upon all residents of the diocese of Linköping to go to church, make offerings to the poor, fast every Friday, go to confession and give a Swedish penny in honour of God and the Virgin Mary to keep away the "great plague" that "is now around all of Norway and Halland and is now present here."
The Black Death strikes Limburg, but also Mainz and Cologne. In Limburg, the disease killed 2.400 people. From the fear of the plague arose the flagellants movement. A long description of the flagellants movement and their behaviour and rituals follows this source passage.
Item da man schreip dusent druhundert unde in dem nune unde virzigesten jare da quam ein groß sterben in Dusche lande, daz ist genant daz große erste sterben. Und storben si an den drusen, unde wen daz aneging, der starp an dem dretten dage in der maße. Unde storben di lude in den großen steden zu Menze, zu Collen unde also meistlichen alle dage me dan hondert menschen oder in der maße, unde in den kleinen steden als Limpurg storben alle dage zwenzig oder vir unde zwenzig oder drißig, also in der wise. Daz werte in etzlichen stat oder lande me dan dru virtel jahres oder ein jar. Unde storben zu Limpurg me dan vier unde zwenzig hondert menschen, ußgenommen kinde. Item da daz folk den großen jamer von sterbende sach, daz uf ertrich was, da filen di lude gemeinlichen in einen großen ruwen ire sunde unde suchten penitentien unde daden daz mit eigen willen unde namen den babest unde di heilige kirchen nit zu hilfe unde zu rade, daz große dorheit was unde groß vursumenisse unde vurdampnisse ire selen. Unde vurhauften sich di menner in den steden unde in dem lande unde gingen mit den geiseln hondert zweihundert oder druhondert oder in der maße. Unde was ir leben also, daz igliche partie gingen drißig dage mit der geiseten von einer stat zu der andern unde furten cruze unde fanen als in der kirchen unde mit kerzen unde tortisen. Unde wo si qwamen vur eine stat, da gingen si in einer procession zwene unde zwene bit einander bit in di kirchen; unde hatten hude uf, darane stunden vorne roden cruze, unde iglicher furte sine geiseln vur ime hangen unde songen ire leisen […]
In the year 1349, a great mortality occurred in the German lands, which is called the great first dying. They died of glandular disease, and when it started, people typically died on the third day. People died in the large cities like Mainz, Cologne, and almost daily more than a hundred people or thereabouts, and in the small towns like Limburg, twenty or twenty-five or thirty people died daily, similarly. This lasted more than three quarters of a year or a year in some cities or regions. In Limburg, more than twenty-four hundred people died, children excluded. When the people saw the great misery of the dying that was upon the earth, they generally fell into deep remorse for their sins and sought penance, doing so of their own will without seeking the aid and counsel of the Pope or the Holy Church. This was great folly, a great omission, and damnation of their souls. The men in the cities and the countryside banded together and went with the Flagellants in groups of one hundred, two hundred, or three hundred, or in similar numbers. Their way of life was such that each group went for thirty days with the Flagellants from one town to another, carrying crosses and banners as in church, with candles and torches. And when they came near a town, they would proceed in a procession, two by two, up to the church. They wore hats adorned with red crosses in the front, and each carried his scourge hanging before him, singing their chants [...]
1349-00-00-Limburg# QUERYdf63ea120d1fbfec022a11cda907b6a2
1349-00-00-Limburg# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
''Annálarbrót frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 223.
Arrival of the Black Death to Norway in 1349.
Drepsotinn kom fyrst i Babilon a Serklandi sidan for hon til Iorsala lannz ok eyddi Iorsala borg þa for hon yfir hafid ok higat til pafa garz. þa uar Clemens sextus hann uigdi ana Rodanum ok uoru þar a bornir daudir menn er eigi matti iarda sidan for hon um Franz ok Saxland sua nordr um sio til Einglannz ok eyddi þar sua at eigi uar fleira manna i borginni Lunndun en xiiij. Þa vigldi .i. kuggr til Biorguiniar ok uard eiqi ruddr ok do af allt folkid en þegar gozid kom upp i bæinn þa do þegar folkid. for þa drepsottin um allan Noreg. fioldi skipa sock nidr med farmi ok urdu eigi rudd. Sidan for hon um Hialtland Orkneyar Sudureyar Færeyar. Þat uar kyn sottarinnar at menn lifdu iij dægr med hardan stinga þa toku menn blodspyu ok for þar med onndin. fyrr nefndr pafi setti moti þersi drepsott messo er sua byriaz recordare domine et cet. ok gaf þar med pardun rietskriftudum .cc. ok .Ix. daga. þar med dictadi hann eina bæn er sua hefr benediccio dei patris. ok med i uppgiof .dc. daga ok iiij karinur.
The deadly plague appeared first in Babylon in Serkland, then it went to Palestine and desolated Jerusalem. Then, it went over the sea hither to the papal city [= Avignon]. Clement VI consecrated the river Rhône and dead people, who could not be buried, were thrown into it. Then, the disease went across all France and Saxony northwards to England and raged there so heavily that not more than fourteen people survived in the city of London. Then, a cog sailed to Bergen, was not cleared, and all the people [on the ship] died. As soon as the goods were brought into the town, the townspeople died. Then, the disease swept all over Norway. The ship sank with its cargo, and was not cleared. After that, the disease spread across the Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides and Faroes. That was the sort of disease that people did not live more than three days with heavy pangs of pain. Then, they began to vomit blood, and then the spirit left them. The aforesaid pope set a mass against this plague that begins with recordare domine etc., and gave a written indulgence of 200 and 60 days. Then he also authored a prayer that starts benediccio dei patris, with the remission of sins for 600 days and four times 40 days of fasting.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 275-276
Arival of the Black Death to Norway via a cog from England in 1349. Two-thirds of the population in Norway die, among others the archbishop of Nidaros and the bishops of Bergen, Stavanger and Hamar. It is explicitly stated that the plague did not reach Iceland
J þenna tima kom drep sott so mickil vm alla nordr halfu heimsins at alldre kom slik fyrr sidan londin bygduzst. fyrst kom sottin vpp i Babilone a Serklande. vt i Affrica. sidan for hon hegat till Jorsalalandz ok i Iorsalaborg. ok eydde naliga borgina. þadan for hon nordr yfir Iorsala haf ok vm alla Romaniam ok sua nordr eftir londum ok vm pauagard. ok eydde allt naliga. vigdi paui aana Rodanum. voru þar vt aa steyttir daudir menn. Gaf paui þat af guds halfu at þat skillde þeira kirkiu gardr þui at eige matte jarda folkit fyrir mannfæd ok sott. sidan for hon vt vm Frakka rike ok vm Saxland. ok sua til Einglandz. ok eydde naliga allt Eingland. ok þat til marks at eige lifdi meir eftir i borginni Lvndunum en fiortan menn. J þann tima sigldi kuggr einn af Einglandi. ok var aa fioldi folks ok lagdi jnn aa Biorgwiniar vogh. ok var litt ruddr. sidan andadizst folkit allt af skipinu. en þegar vpp kom godzit i byinn af þessu skipe þa do þegar bæiar folkit. Þa for sottin vm allan Noreg ok eydde so at eige lifdi einn þridiungr eftir folksins i landinu. Einglandz kuggr saukk nidr med godzinu ok daudum monnum ok vard eige ruddr. fleiri skip buzur ok morg onnur skip sukku nidr ok rak uids vegar en sama sott for vm Hialltland Orkneyiar. Sudreyiar Færeyiar. Þat var kyn sottarinnar at menn lifdu eige meirr en eitt dægr edr tuo. med hordum stinga. eftir þat sætte at blod spyiu ok for þar ondin med sinn vegh. af þessi sott saladizst Arni erkebyskop. ok allir korsbrædr i Nidarose. vtan einn lifdi eftir er Lodinn hiet. ok hann giordi elecceionem kiosandi. Olaf abota af Holmi til erkebyskops. Jtem Ɵ Þorstein byskop. af Biorguin. Jtem Ɵ Guthormr byskop af Stafangre. Halluardr byskop af Hamri saladizst ok þa. Þessi sott kom ecki aa Island.
At that time, such a deadly plague spread all over the northern half of the world that never before had anything similar occurred since the lands were built. The disease started in Babylon in Serkland in Africa. Then then it went to Palestine and Jerusalem, and desolated nearly all towns. From there, it went northwards across the Sea of Jerusalem [= the Mediterranean] and across all the Romania [= Byzantium], and then across the countries further northwards, and to the papal city [= Avignon] and the surrounding area, and desolated nearly everything. The pope consecrated the river Rhône and dead people were thrown into the river. Then the pope prompted with God's help the protection of the churchyards; so that no one was allowed to bury people due to the lack of population and the plague. Then, the disease went across France and Saxony, and then to England. Nearly all of England was laid waste. And as a proof of that, not more than 14 people survived in the city of London. At that time, a cog sailed from England with many people on board, and it was put into the bay of Bergen. A little [cargo] was unloaded. Then, all the people from the ship died. As then the goods were brought into town from this ship, the townspeople began to die. Then, the plague swept all over Norway and raged so heavily that not one-third of the people in the country survived. The English cog sank down with its goods and the dead men, and was not unloaded. More ships, cargo vessels and many other ships sank down or drifted widely around. And the same disease spread across the Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides and Faroes. That was the sort of disease that people did not live more than a day or two, with heavy pangs of pain. After that they began to vomit blood, and then the spirit left them. From that plague died Archbishop Arne and all canons of Nidaros, but one who survived, named Lodin. He arranged an election and Abbot Olav of Holm was appointed archbishop. Likewise died Bishop Thorstein of Bergen. Likewise died Bishop Guttormr of Stavanger. Bishop Hallvard of Hamar also died at that time. That disease did not come to Iceland.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 257
After referring to the spreading of the Black Death in the entry for 1348, Jan Dlugos adds that in 1349 the Black Death reached Poland. After it had killed many people, the remaining took to religious practices and humiliated themselves through flaggelation and other treatments until God had mercy with them.
Pestifer hic annus eciam aput Polonos fuit morboque epidimie passim grassante multi mortales tam de nobilitate quam de plebe consumpti sunt. Dum quoque diuturni mali nullum esset remedium et plures non domos solum, sed opida et villas pestis desertasset, homines ad religionem conversi, credentes id malum propter indignacionem Divinam sceleribus hominum provocatum accidisse, conversi flagellis virgisque se mutuo verberabant aliisque penitencie generibus se affligebant, donec propiciata Divinitas pestiferam auram sustulit et mortalitatis molem cessare fecit.
This year brought the plague to Poland, too, and as it spread everywhere, many people among the gentry as well as among the peasantry died. And when no remedy could be found for this long-lasting vexation, and when the plague not only killed many in houses but also depopulated whole towns and villages, people convinced themselves that all their troubles fell on them as a divine retribution for their crimes and thus they turned to religious practices. So, they flagellated and birched each other, and humiliated themselves with other forms of penance until God showed his mercy towards them and took away the plague and let the acute mortality cease.
Spominki Wladislawskie, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 945
In this year there was a great pestilence and people flagellated themselves
Anno Domini 1349 pestilencia magna fuit, et homines se affligebant seu flagellabant.
In the year of the Lord 1349 there was a great pestilence and people beat or flagellated themselves.
Chronica Oliviensis, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica tom. VI, pp. 310-350, p. 347
After writing for several chapters about the way of the Black Death over Europe and of the manifestations of the disease, the chronicler adds that it also raged in Prussia and Pomerania
Predicta ergo pestilencia, que circuivit Pene omnes regiones calidas, proch dolor, ad clima nostrum iam pervenit et iam fere in tota Pruzia et Pomerania innumerabiles viros ac mulieres consumpsit et hodierna die consumere non cessat.
The aforementioned plague, which has spread over almost all southern countries — oh horror of horrors! — arrived at our lands as well; in most of Prussia and Pomerania it has consumed innumerable men and women, and it continues to consume them still.
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40, p. 534
[26.] Pervenit autem ad civitatem Argentinam hec pestilentia anno Domini MCCCXLIX. in estate, et moriebantur ibi, ut dicebatur, XVI milia hominum.
[26.] The plague reached the city Strasbourg in the summer 1349 und there died, how it was reported, sixteen thousand people.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 480.
Greatest death ever in all over the world, which was followed by a burning of the jews and the flagellants movement.
*In den selben ziten, also men zalte 1349 jore, do was der groeste sterbotte in aller der welte von dem men ie hette gehoert sagen. do wurdent ouch die Juden gebrant durch alle lant. do was ouch eine grosse geischelfart. von disen dingen allen wurt hernoch geseit in dem fünften capitel dis buches.
*At the same time, in the year 1349, there was the greatest death in all the world of which one had heard them say. Then the Jews were also burned throughout the land. There was also a great flagellants movement. Of all these things it is still written in the fifth chapter of this book.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, pp. 759-764
Great mortality all over the world. In Marseille died more the half of the people. In the summer the plague arrived in Strasbourg and 16 thousend people died. The Jews were blamed for poisoning the water, which brought the plague. As a consequence they were burned in Strasbourg and other cities along the Rhine.
Von dem grossen sterbotte und Judenbrande Do men zalte 1349 jor, do was der groeste sterbotte der vor ie gewas: das sterben ging von eime ende der welte untz an das ander; gynesit und hie dissit des meres. in der heidenschaft was der sterbotte groesser denne in der cristenheit. Menig lant starp gerwe us, daz nieman me do was. men vant ouch menig schif uf dem mere mit koufmanschatz, do inne die lüte alle dot worent und nieman die schiffe furte. der bischof von Marsilien und pfaffen und müniche und alles volg do, das starp me denne das zweitel. In andern künigrichen und stetten starp so vil volkes, das es were gruwelichen zu sagende. der bobest zu Avion lies alles gerihte under wegen und beslos sich in eine kammer und lies nieman zu ime und hette allewegen ein gros für vor ime. und wovon dirre sterbotte [p. 760], das kundent alle wise meistere noch arzote nüt gesagen anders, denne das es were gottes wille. und so der sterbotte ignote hie was, so was er denne anderswo, und werte me denne ein gantz jor. Dirre sterbotte kam ouch gein Strosburg in dem summer des vorgenanten jores, und sturbent do also men schetzete uf 16 tusent menschen. Von diesem sterbotte wurdent die Juden in der welte verlümet und gezigen in allen landen, das sü es gemaht hettent mit vergift die sü in wasser und in burnen soltent geton han, also men sü zech. und derumb wurdent die Juden verbrant von dem mer untz in dütsche lant, one zu Avion, do beschirmete sü der bobest. […] (p. 763) Men brante die Juden An dem samstage, das was sant Veltins dag [14.02.], do verbrante men die Juden in irme kirchofe uf eime hültzin gerüste: der worent uf zwei tusent. Wele sich aber woltent lossen touffen, die lies men lebende. es wurdent ouch vil junger kinde us dem füre genomen über irer muter und vatter wille, die getouffet wurdent. und was men den Juden schuldig was, das wart alles wette, und wurdent alle pfant und briefe die sü hettent über schulde widergeben. aber das bar gut das sü hettent, das nam der rot und teilete es under die antwerg noch margzal. das gelt was ouch die sache (p. 764) dovon die Juden gedoetet wurdent: wan werent sü arm gewesen und werent in die landesherren nüt schuldig gewesen, so werent sü nüt gebrant worden. do nu dis gut geteilet wart under die antwerg, so gobent etliche ir teil an unser frowen werg oder durch got, noch ihres bihters rote. Sus wurdent die Juden gebrant zu Strosburg und des selben jores in allen stetten uf dem Ryne, es werent frige stette oder des riches oder der herren. in etlichen stetten brante men sü mit urteil, in etlichen one urteil. in etlichen stetten stiessent die Juden ire hüser selber ane und verbrantent sich dinne.
Of the Great Plague and the Burning of the Jews In the year 1349, there was the greatest plague that had ever been seen. This plague spread from one end of the world to the other, across seas and lands. It was worse in pagan lands than in Christendom. Many countries were so devastated that no one was left alive. It was common to find ships at sea with the goods where all the people on board were dead, and no one was left to steer the ship. In Marseille, the bishop, priests, monks, and nearly everyone perished—more than half of the population. In other kingdoms and cities, so many people died that it was horrific to recount. The Pope in Avignon abandoned all official duties, locked himself in a chamber, and allowed no one near him, always keeping a large fire burning before him. No wise master or physician could explain this plague except to say it was God's will. When the plague ceased in one place, it would begin elsewhere, lasting more than a year. This plague also reached Strasbourg in the summer of the aforementioned year, where an estimated 16,000 people died. Because of this plague, the Jews were accused and blamed throughout the world. They were charged in all countries with having caused the plague by poisoning wells and springs. As a result, the Jews were burned from the Mediterranean to the German lands, except in Avignon, where the Pope protected them. The Burning of the Jews. On Saturday, the day of Saint Valentine's [February 14th], the Jews in Strasbourg were burned in their cemetery on a wooden platform. About two thousand were burned. Those who agreed to be baptized were spared. Many young children were taken from the fire against the will of their parents and were baptized. All debts owed to the Jews were canceled, and all pledges and documents they held were returned. However, their movable goods were taken by the city council and divided among the authorities. This wealth was also the reason the Jews were killed: if they had been poor and not owed anything to the lords, they would not have been burned. When this wealth was divided among the authorities, some gave their share to the work of the Virgin Mary or for the sake of God, as directed by their confessor. Thus, the Jews were burned in Strasbourg and that same year in all towns along the Rhine, whether they were free cities, under the Empire, or under local lords. In some cities, the Jews were burned with a formal judgment, in others without one. In some places, the Jews set fire to their own houses and burned themselves inside.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, pp. 769-770.
Great dying in Strasbourg was simultaneously with the flagellants procession. Also about the burial traditions during and after the plague
Der grosse sterbotte. Do men zalte noch gotz gebürte 1349 jor, do was der groeste sterbotte zu Strosburg und durch die welt, also dovor bi der Juden brande ist geseit. Und alle die wile die vorgeschriben grosse geischelfart werte, die wile starp men ouch, und do die abegingent, do minrete sich ouch das sterben. das sterben was so gros, das zu iedem kirspel zu Strosburg alle tage worent 8 liche oder zehen, und das men die spittelgrube die bi der kirchen stunt, muste in einen witen garten machen. die lüte die do sturbent, die sturbent an bülen die sich erhubent under den armen oder an den beynen, und die do sterben soltent, die sturbent am dirten tage oder am vierden. und in weles hus das sterben kam, do horte es nüt uf mit eime. In den selben ziten wart zu Strosburg gebotten, das men keinen doten me sollte in die kirche zu begrebede tragen, noch sollte sü nüt über naht in den hüsern lossen, wan zestunt so sü gestürbent so solte men sü anstette begraben. wan vormols was gewonheit, das men die doten erlichen zu kirchen trug und lies sü in der kirchen untz men selmesse gesang: was der dote guter lüte so trugent in die guten, was er ein gebure so trugent in sine genossen. und do der sterbot ergie, do erloubete men die alte gewonheit wider. do worent die lüte in die nuwe gewonheit kumen, und wenne men einen doten sollte su grabe tragen, so woltes nieman gerne tun von ime selber, und beschametent sich gute lüte, das ir ungenossen sü soltent tragen oder das sü knehten soltent lonen. derumb gebot men es widerumbe. nu was ouch eine gewonheit: [p. 770] wenne man einen doten zu kirchen drug, so stürmete men mit den glocken gegen yme. das selbe det men ouch, so men den doten us der kirchen zu grabe trug. von disem sterbotte sturbent uf 16 tusent menschen zu Strosburg, und starp men doch nüt also vaste zu Strasburg also anderswo.
The great dying In the year 1349, there was the great dying in Strasbourg and across the world, as mentioned earlier in relation to the burning of the Jews. During the time of the great flagellant processions, people were dying continuously, and when the processions ended, the dying began to decrease. The plague was so severe that in every parish in Strasbourg, there were eight to ten funerals each day. The hospital burial pit next to the church became so full that a large garden had to be used for burials. Those who died suffered from swellings under their arms or on their legs, and those who were destined to die usually did so on the third or fourth day. In any house where the plague struck, it did not stop with just one death. During these times, it was decreed in Strasbourg that the dead should no longer be brought into the church for burial, nor should the dead be kept in houses overnight. Instead, as soon as someone died, they were to be buried immediately. Previously, it had been customary to carry the dead to the church with great honor, leaving them there until a requiem mass could be sung. If the deceased was from a noble family, they were carried by their peers; if they were a commoner, their neighbors would carry them. When the plague erupted, these old customs were reinstated. However, people had grown accustomed to the new way of doing things, and when it was time to carry a body to the grave, no one wanted to do it themselves. Good people felt ashamed to ask their neighbors to carry the dead or to pay servants to do it, so the old customs were reintroduced. There was also a tradition: when someone died and was carried to the church, the bells would be rung in mourning. The same was done when the body was taken from the church to the grave. Because of this plague, about 16,000 people died in Strasbourg. However, the dying in Strasbourg was not as high as in other places.
Tryggve Lundén:''Den Heliga Birgitta, Himmelska uppenbarelser''. Vol. 3., ch. 113. Malmö 1958, p. 182
An undated prophecy by Birgitta of Sweden about the monks of the Swedish monastery of Alvastra. According to Tryggve Lundén it is to be set between 1344-49. The revelation if followed by the note that a disease came and took away 33 brothers
Cum domina staret orando rapta in spiritu, vidit domum quandam et super domum celum valde serenum. Cumque diligenter inspiciendo miraretur, vidit de domo columbas ascendentes et penetrare celum. Quas Ethiopes conabantur impedire sed non valebant. Subtus vero domum videbatur chaos, in quo sunt tres ordines fratrum. “Primi sunt simplices quasi columbe. Ideo faciliter ascendunt, quorum tibi nomina indicabo. Secundi sunt, qui veniunt ad purgatorium. Tercii sunt, qui iam alium pedem habent in mari et alium in tabulatu nauis. Quorum iudicium nunc appropinquat. Et vt scias et probes, vnus post alium cicius transibit, secundum quod nomina eorum exprimo tibi.” Quod similiter contigit. Venit enim mortalitas et tulit, sicut predictum est, XXXIII fratres.
As the lady [Birgitta] stood in prayer, rapt in spirit, she saw a certain house and above the house a very clear sky. And when she looked carefully and wondered, she saw doves ascending from the house and entering the sky which the Ethiopians (= devils, cf. ON blámenn) tried to prevent but were not able. Under the house she saw an abyss, and there are three kinds of brothers. The first are simple as a dove. Therefore they ascend easily. The second are those who come to purgatory. The third are those who have one foot in the sea and the other on the ship's deck. Their judgement is now approaching, and in order that you may know and be aware of it, one after another will quickly perish as I reveal their names to you." So it came to pass, for a sickness came and took away thirty-three brethren, as was foretold.
Outbreak of the Black Death and other disesases, maybe dysentery and fever - all blamed on the Jews. Unusual symptoms of plague.
Isto etiam anno (1349) Deus genus humanus triplici plaga flagellavit: ita quod plusquam medietas hominum cessit ab humanis; primo percussit ipsum epidemia, cui gibbus grevit quacunque corporis parte; et omnes anhelitum ejus capientes celerius interierunt; secundo hemeroida; tertio sacro igne, ita quod corpora in seipsis celerius fuerant consumata; sic quod orbis initio non fuerant tempore periculosiora. Que plaga fuerat Judaeis imposita, sic quod aquam in omni terra intoxicassent, de quo aer infectus, tales plagae in omnia climata pullulassent. [...] (p. 264) Et ista per sequentem annum duraverunt.
In the same year (1349), God afflicted the human race with a triple scourge: so that more than half of humanity departed from the living; first, it struck with an epidemic, which oppressed with a hunchback anyone in any part of the body; and all who caught its breath perished swiftly; secondly, with hemorrhoids; thirdly, with a sacred fire, so that bodies were consumed more rapidly within themselves; thus, since the beginning of the world, there had not been more dangerous times. This scourge had been blamed on the Jews, so as if they could poison water in all lands, from which infected air such plagues spread into all climates. [...] (p. 264) And these plagues continued into the next year.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Zwiefalten.
Mors pestilencia prima hic populos pressit.
Death by the first plague weighed heavily on the populace here.
1349-00-00-Zwiefalten# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999, vol. 18 (1998), p. 509.
On January 27, 1349, the Friday preacher Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-Qazwīnī died of plague in Damascus after two days of illness. The members of his household were infected, too; his brother Ṣadr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Karīm died soon afterwards.
In Strasbourg, three leaders were expelled after the city granted protection to the Jews. Accusations arose that Jews had poisoned wells, leading to to torture, and persecutions. Around 2,000 Jews were burned, except those who converted to Christianity. This event coincided with the rise of the flagellant movement and a severe outbreak of plague.
Die nüwe anderunge zu Strosburg Do man zalt 1349 jor, an sente Appollonien dag [9. Februar] der uf einen [p. 127] mendag geviel, und diese drie meister zu Strosburg worent: her Goße Sturm und her Cuntze von Wintertur und her Peter Swarber ammanmeister, do wurdent sü alle drie verstoßen. und kam daz alsus. Die stat hette gut genomen von den Juden, und hetten sü getrofte uf ein zil und hette in des briefe wol versigelt geben und hetten ouch solichen friden: wer in ut hette geton, er muest es swerlicher hon verbeßert, wan hetters eim kristen geton. deruf ließent sich die Juden und wurdent also hochtragendes mutes, daz sü niemanne woltent vorgeben, und wer mit in hette zu dunde, der kunde kume mit in uberein kummen. darumbe wurdent sü verhaßet von meneglichen. Derzu viel ein gezig uf die Juden, daz sü soltent die bürnen und die waßer han vergiftet. des murmelte daz volk gemeinliche und sprochent, man solt sü verburnen. des wolt der rot nüt dun, man mohte danne beweren uf sü daz es wor were, oder daz süs selber verjehen. dar uf fing man ir etwie vil und kesteget sü sere mit dümende, der verjohent drie weis viere andere sachen, der sü schuldig worent, darumbe man sü radebrehte. doch verjohent sü nie, daz sü an der vergift schuldig werent. […] [p. 130] An der mittewoche swur man den rot, an dem dunrestage swur man in deme garten. an deme fritage ving man die juden, an dem samestage brante man die Juden, der worent wol uffe zwei tusent alse man ahtete. wele sich aber woltent lon toufen, die lies man leben. es wurdent ouch vil junger kinde von dem für genomen uber irre mueter und irre vetter wille, die geteufet wurdent. waz man den Juden schuldig waz, daz wart alles wette, unde wurdent alle pfant und briefe die sie hettent uber schulde wider geben. daz bar gut daz sü hettent, daz nam der rot und teiletes under die antwerg noch marczal. daz was ouch die vergift die die Juden dote. […] Des selben jores zu suneihten erhub sich die geischelfart und daz große sterben zu Strosburg, von dem do vor geschriben stot.
The New Changes in Strasbourg. In the year 1349, on the day of Saint Apollonia [February 9th], which fell on a Monday, these three leaders in Strasbourg were: Herr Goße Sturm, Herr Cuntze von Winterthur, and Herr Peter Swarber, the magistrate. All three were expelled, and it happened as follows: The city had taken goods from the Jews, and they had set a target and given them sealed letters of protection, ensuring them such peace: if anyone had harmed them, they would have to make severe amends, just as if they had harmed a Christian. The Jews relied on this and became so arrogant that they refused to submit to anyone, and anyone who had dealings with them could hardly come to an agreement. Because of this, they became hated by many. Furthermore, an accusation fell upon the Jews that they had poisoned the wells and the water. The common people murmured about this and said that they should be burned. The council did not want to do this unless it could be proven against them or unless they confessed themselves. As a result, many Jews were captured and severely tortured. Some of them confessed to three or four other charges they were guilty of, for which they were broken on the wheel. However, they never confessed to being guilty of poisoning. [...] On Wednesday, the [new] council took an oath, on Thursday they swore in the garden, on Friday they seized the Jews, and on Saturday they burned the Jews, who were estimated to be around two thousand in number. Those who wanted to convert to Christianity were allowed to live. Many young children were also taken from the fire against the will of their mothers and fathers and were baptized. Whatever was owed to the Jews was all gone, and all pledges and documents they had over debts were returned. The movable goods they had were taken by the council and divided among the authorities. That was also the alleged poisoning that killed the Jews. In the same year, during Solstice, the flagellant movement arose and the great mortality in Strasbourg, which has been written about before.
DN II, no. 298. In: Chr. C. A. Lange, C. R. Unger: ''Diplomatarium Norvegicum''. Vol. 2. Christiania 1851, p. 246
Three canons in Oslo announce that Bothild Arnesdatter ceded 12 öresbol (landed property with the rental value of 12 öre per year) in Faluvold in Nes Parish in Romerike to her husband Olaf Peterssön in order to go on a pilgrimage to Rome. Peterssön in turn sold the estate to the newly built St Sebastian's Altar in St Halvards Church in Oslo
Ollum monnum þæim sæm þetta bref sea ædr hœyra senda Æirik Œystæins son Haluarder Biærnar son Arnulfuer Stæinars son korsbrœdr j Oslo q. g. ok sina kunnikt gerande at ver varom j hia j garde varom brœdranna a friadaghen nesta firir Mathios messo anno domini mo. ccco. xlo. nono saam ok hœyrdom at Bottilder Arna dotter gaf ok afhendi Olafue Peters syni husbonda sinum xii aura boll j Faluuælli er ligger auster medr aani j Ness sokn medr ollum lunnindum sæm till liggia eder leget hafua fra forno ok nyu vttan gardz ok innan honom till Rumfærdar ok samstundis seldi fyrnemfder Olafuer medr ja ok handarbande altare hins hælgha Sebastiani er nybygt er j kirkiu hins hælga Haluardz j hender æreleghs manz sira Gyrdz Asla sonar sambrodor vars firir half fimtu mark ræidu gangs penigha huart œyris boll medr samþykt skylrikz manz Þronda Kraka sonar logmanz j kononghs garde er settir ero ok samþyktir ok lystir vmbods men vm þa almoso ok salo hialper sæm gefner ero ok gefuazdz kan till fyrnemfdz sancti Sebastiani altares honom at hagnyta ok till nytsæmdar venda sæm þæir sia firir gudi at haglaste se. jattade ok en Botilder medr handarbande ef fyrnemfd jord Falu uoller verder æighi friollss æder j nokorom lutt amaghæt skall oftnæmft altare æigha xii aura boll j Folmo er ligger j samre sokn medr ollum foruord ok skilmala sæm seghir ok till sannynda þessa þæira kaups ok vare hiauero settum vær var insigli firir þetta bref er gort var deghi are ok stad sæm fyr seghir.
In the year 750 H (March 22, 1349 to March 10, 1350), the number of plague infections in Damascus greatly declined. The number of deceased people with taxable inheritance which the Office of Inheritances (dīwān al-mawārīth) recorded was ca. 20 for 750 H while it had been 500 for 749 H (April 1, 1348 to March 21, 1349). Plague did not yet disappear entirely, though: on March 25, 1349, the jurist Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. al-Thiqa, his son and his brother all died of plague within one hour. They were buried in one grave.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions and the presence of flagellants.
Die palmarum eodem anno et die exaltationis sanctae crucis fuit statio generalis cappis nigris nudis pedibus propter epidemiam habita Francofordiae. Flagellantes etiam fuerunt hic magno numero (Antiquitates) / Die exaltationis sanctae crucis stacio generalis cappis nigris nudis pedibus propter epidimiam habebatur (Acta).
On Palm Sunday of the same year (1349), and on the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a general procession was held in Frankfurt for those affected by the epidemic, with people wearing black cloaks and barefoot. There were also a great number of flagellants present (Antiquitates) / On the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a general procession was held in Frankfurt for those affected by the epidemic, with people wearing black cloaks and barefoot (Acta).
Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt until early 1350.
Post pascha 1349 tanta pestis fuit Francofordiae quanta numquam audita est antea et innumerabiles homines etiam cicrumquaque absumpti sunt et diem extremum clauserunt. Duravitque pestis illa inguinaria a festo paschae ad hiemem initio anni jubilaei.
After Easter in 1349, there was such a great plague in Frankfurt as had never been heard of before, and countless people perished everywhere, closing their final day. That inguinal plague lasted from Easter to the beginning of the jubilee year in winter.
During the plague was the flagellants movement, jews were killed in Frankfurt and Mainz and the jews burned down the roof of a church in Frankfurt
Item anno domini McccXLIX post festum pasche [12 April 1349] usque in hiemem tunc proxime venientem flagellatores ire inceperunt quasi et ad annum jubileum, et interim maxima hominum multitudo utriusque sexus per diversas mundi partes de pestilencia gravi moriebatur. Item eodem anno domini XLIX in vigilia beati Jacobi apostoli [24. Juli] Judei Frankenfordenses omnes, deinde in die beati Bartholomei apostoli [24. August] tunc proxime venturi Judei civitatis Moguntinensis omnes, tam per ipsorum Judeorum utrobique ignem proprium quam eciam aliunde, ac habitaciones eorundem totaliter per laicorum invasionem sunt perempti et devastati. Item eodem anno XLIX in dicta vigilia Jacobi tectum chori omnino et tectum ecclesie sancti Bartholomei ibidem in parte per hujusmodi Judeorum Frankenfordensium ignem fuerant concremata.
In the year of our Lord 1349, the Flagellants began after Easter [12 April] until the coming winter, as if they were going to the Jubilee. In the meantime, a large number of men and women died of a severe plague in various parts of the world. Also in the same year 1349, on the eve of St James the Apostle [24 July], all the Jews of Frankfurt, and then on the day of St Bartholomew the Apostle [24 August], all the Jews of the city of Mainz, both by their own fire and by the invasion of the laity, were killed and their houses completely destroyed. Also in the same year, 1349, on the eve of the feast of St James [24 July], the roof of the choir and the roof of the church of St Bartholomew in Frankfurt were destroyed by fire from the Jews of Frankfurt.
1349-04-12-Frankfurt 001# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Template:Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X, p. 1140
A friend of Francesco Petraca, Paganino da Bizzozzero and his his entire family died because of the plague in Parma
Et hic quidem - quod sine multis lacriminis non dico et cum pluribus dicerem nisi precedentibus malis exhaustos hosce oculos atque omnes, sique sunt, lacrimarum reliquias instantibus reservarem - hic, inquam, pestilenti morbo qui nunc orbem populatur, repente correptus, ad vesperam postquam cenam cum amicis, et quod occidui temporis restabat in nostro tantum sermone et amicitie rerumque nostrarum commemoratione consumpserat, noctem illam inrapida morte subtractus est. Ac nequid de funesta consuetudine laxaretur, triduo inexpleto illum filii omnisque familia consecuti sunt.
And this one now - what I cannot say without many tears (and would say among several, if I did not want to save my eyes exhausted in misfortune and all remaining tears, if there are any, for what is to come), he has, I say, been taken away quite suddenly by the plague, which is just now depopulating the whole earth, and that after he had dined with friends towards evening and then spent the remaining evening hours in conversation with me alone and in the thought of our friendship and our affairs. He endured the following night in extreme pain, but with unflinching courage, and in the morning a sudden death snatched him from us. And so that nothing of the usual course of the disease would be left to us, his sons, indeed his entire family, followed him in less than three days.
Continuatio Novimontensis, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 669-677, 676
A plague lasting from Penthecost (May 31st) until the feast of St Michael (September 29th) killed about two thirds of the population of Austria.
A.D. 1349 [...] Pestis vero contagiosa predicta successive pervenit usque ad Wyennam, necnon in omnes terminos, ita ut homines absque estimacione exspirarent, et tercia pars hominum vix remaneret. Ideo propter fetorem et horrorem cadaverum non sinebantur sepeliri in cimiteriis ecclesiarum, sed mox cum fuissent extincta deferebantur ad communem locum in agrum Dei extra civitatem, ubi quinque fovee in brevi profunde et late usque ad summum sunt corporibus mortuorum replete; et duravit hec pestilencia a festo penthecostes usque Michaelis. Non solum Wyennam sed et alia loca circumiacencia crudeliter invasit; monachis et monialibus minime pepercit, cum in Sancta Cruce 53 religiosi de hoc seculo eodem tempore migraverunt.
In the year of the Lord 1349 [...] The earlier mentioned really contagious plague arrived not only in Vienna but in all regions. In this way people [in numbers] beyond estimation died and hardly one third of the people remained. Because if the stench and the horror of the dead bodies they could not be allowed to be buried in the cemeteries of the churches, but soon the deseases were brought to public places them cemetaries outside of the cities, where five deep and wide ditches where filled up to their maximum with the bodies of the dead. And this plague lasted from the feast of Penthecost until [the feast of] St Michael. Not only Vienna but also other surrounding places were cruelly invaded. Monks and nuns were by no means spared, since in Sancta Cruce 53 members of their community passed away.
Template: Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X, pp. 1124-1134
Letter from Francesco Petrarca to his friend Ludwig van Kempen in Avignon about the plague in Italy in 1348 (mentioning an Earthquake
Heu michi, frater amantissime, quid dicam? unde ordiar? quonam vertar? undique dolor, terror undique. [...] Utinam, frater, aut nunquam natus aut prius extinctus forem! quodsi nunc optare cogor, quid dicturum putas si ad extremem senectutem venero? ad quam o utinam non venirem; sed veniam, timeo, non ut diutius vivam, sed ut diu moriar. Nosco etenim fatum meum, et sensim intelligo ad quid in hanc (p. 1124) erumnosam et infelicem vitam sim proiectus. Heu michi, frater optime! piget ex intimis ax miseret me mei. [...] (p. 1126) Qua in re benigno sub iudice forsan excuser, si ad examen venerit illud quoque, non leve aliquid, sed millesimum trecentesimum quadragesimum octavum sexte etatis annum esse quem lugeo, qui non solum nos amicis, sed mundum omnen gentibus spoliavit; cui siquid defuit, sequens ecce annus illius reliquias demetit, et quicquid (p. 1128) illi procelle superfuerat, mortifera falce persequitur. Quando hoc posteritas credet, fuisse tempus sine diluvio sine celi aut telluris incendio sine bellis aut alia clade visibili, quo non hec pars aut illa terrarum, sed universus fere orbis sine habitatore remanserit? quando unquam in annalibus lectum est, vacuas domos, derelictas urbes, squalida rura, arva cadaveribus angusta, horrendam vastamque toto orbe solitudinem? [...] (p. 1128) Ubi dulces nunc amici, ubi sunt amati vultus, ubi verba mulcentia, ubi mitis et iocunda conversatio? quod fulmen ista consumpsit, quid terre motus evertit, que tempestas demersit, que abyssus absorbuit? Stipati eramus, prope iam soli sumus. Nove amicitie contrahende sunt. UNde autem sive ad quid, humano genere pene extincto, et proximo, ut auguror, rerum fine? Sumus, frater, sumus - quid dissimulem? - vere soli; (p. 1134)
Woe is me, dearest brother, what shall I say, what shall I do, where shall I turn? Pain is everywhere, terror is everywhere! [...] Would that I, brother, had never been born or had been snuffed out earlier! If I am compelled to wish for this already, what will I say when I have reached the highest old age one day? And may I not even reach that day! But I will reach it, I fear, but not to live longer, rather to die longer. I know my fate, and gradually I understand why I was thrust into this sorrowful and luckless life. Woe is me, dearest brother, I am sickened to my core, and I mourn my [...] (p. 433) Perhaps I will at least be excused by a merciful judge in this matter, if he takes into account that I am not complaining about something trivial but about the year 1348 in the sixth age! It has not only (p. 434) deprived us of our friends, but the whole world of its peoples. And if anything escaped this year, behold, the new year is now mowing down the rest. And if something withstood the storms of the old year, it is now being overtaken by the deadly sickle. Will posterity ever believe that in a time free from flood and world conflagration, wars, and indeed from any visible disaster, nearly the entire globe, not just this or that region, was depopulated? When has such a thing ever been seen or heard through rumors? In which annals was such to be read? There are empty houses, deserted cities, fallow fields, fields covered with corpses, and a horrifying, boundless desolation everywhere in the world! [...] (p. 435) Where are the familiar friends now, where are the beloved faces, where are the charming conversations? Where is the cheerful and intimate companionship with them? What lightning bolt has removed all of this? What earthquake has overturned it? What storm has drowned it, and what abyss has swallowed it? We were surrounded by friends; now we are almost alone. We would have to form new friendships! But where and for what purpose? Since the human race is almost extinct, and, I fear, the end of the world is near. We are, my brother, we are – what should I suppress it! – truly alone!
The Black Death comes to Strasbourg, kills 16.000 people and Jews are persecuted in its aftermath.
Pervenit autem ad civitatem Argentinam hec pestilentia anno Domini MCCCXLIX. in estate, et moriebantur ibi, ut dicebatur, XVI milia hominum. Iudei autem propter pestilenciam precedentis anni infamati sunt, quod eam fecerint vel auxerint fontibus et puteis iniecto veneno. Et cremati sunt a mari usque ad Alemanniam preterquam Avinioni, ubi ipsos papa defendit.
However, this pestilence reached the city of Strasbourg in the year of our Lord 1349, in the summer, and as it was said, sixteen thousand people died there. The Jews, however, were defamed because of the pestilence of the preceding year, on the allegation that they had caused or increased it by poisoning wells and springs. They were burned from the sea to Germany, except in Avignon, where the Pope himself protected them.
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, pp. 271-272
With the spreading of the plague in Germany, simultaneously the Flagellants movement arose. In the middle of June, 700 of them came to Strasbourg.
[117.] De principio pestilencie et flagellacionis in Alamannia Incipiente autem paulatim pestilencia in Alamannia ceperunt se populi flagellare transeuntes per terram. Et venerunt DCCC de Swevia Argentinam predicto anno XLIX in medio Iunii, habentes inter se unum principalem (p. 272) et duos alios magistros, quorum mandatis omnia parebant. […]
118. The beginning of the plague and scourging in Germany. As the disease gradually spread through Germany, people began to scourge themselves and travelled through the country. In the year 49, seven hundred from Swabia came to Strasbourg in the middle of June. They had a leader and two other masters, whose orders they all obeyed. [...] The masters then went round in a circle and exhorted them to implore the Lord for mercy for the people, for their benefactors, for their enemies, for all sinners, for those in purgatory and many others. [...]
1349-06-00-Strasbourg 001# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40, p. 270
The hostilities between the kings of England and France were postponed because of a severe plague
[116.] De indicto conflictu inter regem Anglie et Francie in die Iohannis baptiste. Cum autem indictus fuisset dudum conflictus ad diem beati Iohannis baptiste predicti anni quadragesimi noni [24. Juni 1349] inter Francie et Anglie reges, tanta fuit utriusque regni pestilencia, quod vix tercia pars hominum dicitur remanisse. Propter quod conflictus est prorogatus. […]
116. Of the renewed outbreak of hostilities between the kings of England and France on the day of St John the Baptist. Although the renewed outbreak of hostilities between the kings of France and England had long been announced for the day of St John the Baptist in the year [13]49, a plague raged so severely in both kingdoms that, it is said, barely a third of the people remained alive, and hostilities were therefore postponed. [...]
Outbreak of the Black Death in Strasbourg with 16.000 vicitms, a detailed description of symptoms and course of the disease. The dating of the epidemic is parallel to the presence of flagellants in the city
Do man zalt 1349 jor, do die vorgeschribenen geischeler gen Strosburg koment, do kam ouch ein gemeinre schelme und ein sterben under die lute dar, daz nieman von ime selben gedohte noch von horsagenden, daz so großes sterbe ie do gewere. Und alle die wile daz die geischeler weretent, die wile starb man ouch, und do die abgegingent, do minret sich daz sterben ouch. Daz sterbe was so gros daz gemeinlich alle tage in iegelichem kirspel liche worent 7 oder 8 oder 9 oder 10 oder noch danne me, one die man zuo kloestern begruob und one die man in den spital druog: der waz als unzellich vil, daz man die spitelgruobe di bi der kirchen stuent, mueste in einen witen garten setzen, wann die alte gruobe zuo enge und zuo klein waz. Die lute die do sturbent, die sturbent alle an bülen und an druesen die sich erhubent under den armen und obenan an den beinen, und wen die bülen ankoment, die do sterben soltent, de sturben an dem vierden tage oder an dem virten oder an dem andern. Eteliche sturben ouch dez ersten tages. Es erbet ouch eins von dem anderen: dovon, in welhes hüs daz sterben kam, do hort es selten uf mit eime. [...] (p. 121) Man will ouch, daz von dem sterben zuo Strosburg stürbe 16 dusent lütes, doch starb minr lutes do noch margzahle, alse man sprach, wande in andern steten. Ouch wurdent ettelich lute erneret die die bulen hettent, den sü usgingen und ir genosent.
In the year 1349, when the mentioned flagellants came to Strasbourg, there also came a common epidemic and a pestilence among the people, so great that no one ever remembered or heard of such a great mortality. And all the while that the flagellants were present, people also died, and when they departed, the mortality decreased. The mortality was so great that generally every day in every parish there were 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or even more deaths, except for those who were buried in monasteries and those who were taken to hospitals: their number was so incredibly high that the pits dug next to the churches had to be moved to a wide garden, because the old pit was too narrow and too small. Those who died did so from swellings and boils that appeared under their arms and the upper part of their legs, and when the boils appeared, those who were supposed to die did so on the fourth day or the third or the second. Some even died on the first day. It also spread from one to another: where the mortality entered a house, it rarely ceased with just one person. [...] (p. 121) It is said that 16,000 people died in Strasbourg, but fewer people died there than elsewhere, as it was said. Also, some people were fed who had the boils, but they diasappeared and they recovered.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 764-765
200 flagellants arrived in Strasbourg and made their typical processions.
Von der grossen geischelfart. In dem vorgeschriben jore, do men zalte 1349 jor, als men vaste starp und die Juden brante, 14 tage nach sünigihten [solstice] do koment gein (p. 765) Strosburg uf 200 geischeler, die hettent leben und wise also ich ein teil hie sagen wil. zum ersten so hetten sü gar kosper vanen uf 8 oder 10 von semyt und sydin, und also menige gewunden kertze. die drug men in vor wo sü in stette oder dörfer gingent, und sturmete men alle glocken gegen in, und die geischeler gingent den vanen noch ie zwene und zwene mittenander, und hettent alle mentelin ane und huete uffe mit roten crüzen und zwene sungent vor und denne die andern alle noch.
About the Great Procession of the Flagellants. In the year 1349, when there was great mortality and Jews were being burned, 14 days after the summer solstice, 200 flagellants came to Strasbourg. They were living and behaving in a way I will describe here. First, they carried large banners with 8 or 10 images of saints and angels, and many wrapped candles. They processed through towns and villages, and all the church bells were rung in opposition to them. The flagellants marched in groups of two or three, each carrying a banner, and they all wore mantles and hats with red crosses. They sang in front, and the others followed.
Outbreak of the Black Death in Frankfurt with 2000 people dead and a duration of seven months. Jews were burned troughout Germany
Anno 1349 Alemanniae pestilentia est suborta. Judei sunt cremati. Anno eodem [1349] Judei omnes et domus eorum per totam Allemanniam igne combusti. Anno eodem a die Mariae Magdalenae ad diem purificationis (p. 145) Mariae proxime Francoforti pestilentia totius mundi. Intra 72 dies 2000 et ultra hominum obiere. Secunda quacunque hora sine campanis candelis sacerdotibus 35 una die tumulati.
In 1349, a plague broke out in Germany. The Jews were burned. [...] In the same year, all Jews and their homes were burned throughout Germany. In the same year (1349), on the day of Mary Magdalene up to the day of the Purification of Mary, a plague struck the whole world and near Frankfurt. Within 72 days, 2000 or more people died. Twenty-five priests were buried in a single day, without bells or candles, at any hour.
The governor (nāʾib) of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dīn Quṭlīshā, died. News of his death reached Damascus in the beginning of Jumādā II (August 17 to September 14, 1349). Many people rejoiced at his death given his misconduct in Hama during the plague (ṭāʿūn) (before he became governor of Aleppo). It was reported that he had enriched himself on the inheritance of the deceased.
Template:Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X, p. 1366
Letter from Francesco Petrarca to his friend Ludwig van Kempen in which he mentions the plague breaking out again in Carpi
Sicut enim quid cupiam scio, sic nescio quid sperem; quo fit ut mira michi in animo rebellantium cogitationum turba consurgat; ad omnem enim vite mee modum non leve momentum mors aut vita tua est; et vite quidem tue spem michi prestat etas modestia valitudo; terrent morbi contagia renascentis et celum apud vos, ut memorant, rursus infame.
I know what I wish for, but I do not know what I may hope for. Thus, it happens that within me, a peculiar heap of conflicting thoughts rises up. For every aspect of my life, your death and your life are of significant importance to me. Your youth, temperance, and robust nature provide hope that you are alive, while the reemerging plague and the infamous weather conditions reportedly occurring among you terrify me.
DN II, no. 348. In: Chr. C. A. Lange, C. R. Unger: ''Diplomatarium Norvegicum''. Vol. 4. Christiania 1851, p. 278
Two men announce that Olaf Peterssön had received from Jon Vigleikssön 54 marks in current coins for 12 öresbol in the estate Faluvold that was bought for the altar of St Sebastian in St Halvard's church in Oslo
Ollum monnum þæim sæm þettæ bref sea edær hœyræ sendæ Þordæ Æiriks son ok Þrondæ Erlings son q. g. ok sinæ mit villium ydær kunnik gerra at mit varom j hia j Halfuards kirkiu garde j Oslo a laughærdaghen nestæ eftir Mikkials mœsso a œlluftæ arre ok xxtæ rikkis okkars vyrdulegs herræ Magnus med guds nad Noregs Sviæ ok Skane kungs ok hœyrdum aa at Olafuær Pettes son vidær kendis at Jon Viglæigs son hafde loket hanom fiorær mærkær ok fimtighiu markæ gan(g)s penighæ firir tolfauræ boll jærdær j Folluollum sæm ligher j Droghuness sonk a Raumæriki. sæm ærelegher menn siræ Gyrdæ Aslæ son korsbroder j Oslo ok Þrondær Kraka son hofdu kæyft till altærens hælghæ Sebastiani. firir þa penigæ sæm bymenn j Oslo hofdu hanom jattæ. ok till sansz vitnis burdæ þa setum mit okkor jnsigli firir þettæ bref er gort var aa dæghi ok arre sæm fyr seghir.
Prohibition of demolition of vacant houses in Orvieto after the Black Death, except for renovation and expansion
Comperto quod propter seva et pestifera tempora, que, satore seminante zizania in Civitate et comitatu Urbisveteris, huc usque diutius multiformiter viguerunt, domus, hedificia et casamenta gentium et populi consumptorum et in necem et exilum positorum remanserunt quam plurima vacuata, et inhabitata persistant, cuius causa venduntur et alienantur ab improbis, et emuntur et ponuntur plerique sub exterminio et ruina, interdum etiam sub ficto iuris velamine, in contumeliam, diminutionem, detrimentum, obrobrium et jacturam Civitatis, Comunis et Populi predictorum; quibus nisi per oportuna reparentur remedia, evidenter paulatim sedulo et interpolatim ipsa suis hedificis Civitatis nichilatur et orbatur, ut hiis reprobis finis deinceps apponatur saluber; igitur [...] nulla persona [...] possit [...] aliquam domum vel hedificium domus in Civitate vel burgis destruere vel scarcare in totum vel pro parte [...] ad penam [...] 50 libr. Domus vero et hedificia, que quomodolibet ruinam minarentur occasione terremotus vel alterius casus inoppinati, vel devasterentur pro rehedificando ipsam cum melioramento, pro parte vel in totum scarcari et dirui possint sine penam
It has been discovered that because of the severe and deadly times, which, like a sower sowing tares, have long prevailed in the City and county of Orvieto in various forms, many houses, buildings, and dwellings of the people who have been consumed, killed, or exiled, have remained vacant and persist uninhabited. As a result, these properties are sold and alienated by unscrupulous people and are often bought and placed under extermination and ruin, sometimes even under the guise of legal pretext, to the insult, diminution, detriment, disgrace, and loss of the City, the Commune, and its People. Unless appropriate remedies are provided, the city and its buildings will clearly be gradually but diligently and progressively destroyed and depleted, so to put an end to these reprehensible practices henceforth in a healthy manner; therefore [...] no person [...] may destroy or dismantle any house or building in the City or its suburbs in whole or in part [...] under the penalty of 50 pounds. However, houses and buildings that might be threatened by ruin due to an earthquake or another unforeseen event, or are demolished for the purpose of rebuilding them with improvements, may be dismantled and destroyed in whole or in part without penalty
Miroslav Flodr (ed.), Pamětní kniha města Brna z let 1343-1376 (1379), Brno 2005, p. 120, no 232.
An entry in the town book of Brno (of 1351 July 16) states that a certain Nicolaus died in the preceeding year in the times of the plague.
Nicolaus sepedictus anno preterito tempore pestilencie vitam suam finvivit.
Nicolaus, called "the Lizard", finished his life in the preceeding year in the time of plague.
Extreme weather and abundant rainfall in 1350 and the following winter was cold until beginning of February. From that on stopped the epidemic.
Ipse autem annus cum magno temperie aeris incepit et permansit usque ad festum beati Andree [30 November], et deinceps pluvia habundabat versus Nicolai [6 December], sed deinceps frigus erat usque ad purificationem [2 February 1351]. Et extunc epithimia seu hominum mortalitas cessavit, que per bigennium viguerat et in tanta generalitate, quod quasi quinta pars hominum alicubi sexta obiit.
The year began with extreme weather and lasted until the feast of St Andrew (30 November), after which there was abundant rainfall until the feast of St Nicholas (6 December), but then cold weather prevailed until the Purification (2 February 1351). From then on, the epidemic or mortality of the people, which raged for two years and was so widespread that about a fifth of the people died, in some places even a sixth.
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''Chronica Archiepiscoporvm Lvndensivm''. In: M. Cl. Gertz: ''Scriptores minores historiæ Danicæ medii ævi'' Vol. 2. København 1922, p. 117
Black Death in Denmark and "universally". It has been speculated (see Ulsig, Pest og befolkningsnedgang, p. 22) that the plague reached Denmark already in 1348
Item huius tempore fuit vniuersalis ypidumia per totum mundum, et annus iubileus impositus per Clementem papam et magna indulgencia in Roma, sub a. d. m.ccc.l.
Also at this time there was a universal epidemic throughout the whole world, and a year of jubilee was imposed by Pope Clement and a great indulgence in Rome in the year of our Lord m.ccc.l.
''Chronica Archiepiscoporvm Lvndensivm''. In: M. Cl. Gertz: ''Scriptores minores historiæ Danicæ medii ævi'' Vol. 2. København 1922
''Annales Scanici Sialandie''. In: Ellen Jørgensen: ''Annales Danici medii ævi''. København 1920, p. 189
Black Death around the world. Jubilee year and indulgence in Rome
Annus jubileus fuit et magne indulgencie in Roma, remissio videlicet omnium peccatorum. Item maxima epidemia toto illo anno fuit per totum mundum
It was a jubilee year and a great indulgence in Rome, namely the remission of all sins. Also, there was a great epidemic throughout the whole world that year.
''Annales Scanici Sialandie''. In: Ellen Jørgensen: ''Annales Danici medii ævi''. København 1920
The dying by the Black Death ends, but now the jews were burned in Germany because they were accused of poisoning the Christians.
Item in dem selben jubileo [1350], da daz sterben ufhorde, da worden di juden gemeinlichen in disen Duschen landen irslagen und vurbrant. Daz daden di fursten, greben, herren unde stede, ane alleine der herzoge von Osterrich, der enthilt sine juden. Unde gap man den juden scholt, daz si den cristenluden vurgeben hetten, umb daz si also sere gestorben waren. Da wart ir fluchen kundig, daz si selbes in getan hatten uf den heiligen karfridag, want man in der passien leset: "Sanguis eius super nos et super filios nostros. Daz bedudet also: Sin blut ge ober uns under ober unse kinde.
In this jubilee year (1350), when the dying stopped, the Jews were generally slain and burned in these German lands. This was done by the princes, counts, lords and cities, without the Duke of Austria, who kept his Jews. And the Jews were blamed for poisoning the Christians, which is why so many of them had died. Then their curse came true, which they themselves had put on the holy Good Friday, as we read in the Passion: "Sanguis eius super nos et super filios nostros". This means: His blood be on us and on our children.
DI 36, Stadt Hannover, Nr. 6† (Sabine Wehking), in: https://www.inschriften.net/hannover/inschrift/nr/di036-0006.html
Inscription about a epidemic with 3000 death.
Turris principium tria c numerant l et evum Gracia romana fuit et pestis triduana Funera flens polis hec tria milia mensibus in sex Tunc stimulus stoycos fuit ut torqueret ebreosi.
The origin of the tower is indicated by the numbers 350 and 1000. (In the same year 1350) there was the Roman indulgence and the plague which lasted three days. The fact that this city mourned 3000 deaths in six months then became the occasion for tormenting the (...) Jews.
DI 36, Stadt Hannover, Nr. 6† (Sabine Wehking), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di036g006k0000602.
The origin of the tower is indicated by the numbers 350 and 1000. (In the same year) there was the Roman indulgence and the three-day plague. The fact that this city mourned 3000 deaths in six months then became the reason for tormenting the (...) Jews
The Black Death and its social consequences like deserted settlements and disintegration of society; symptoms pointing to gastroenteritis before buboes were visible. In cities, mass graves are built. Maybe unusual weather in 1348.
Et in ejus "Principio celum spissa caligine terras / Pressit, et ignavos inclusit nubibus estus" (Ovid, met. VII, 526) hominusque viscera primo torrentur flammisque fatiscunt, ut dicetur anno Karoli IV. tertio [1348]. Ceperuntque nasci in inguinibus hominum vel in aliis locis delicatioribus glandule in modum nucis vel dactili. Quas mox subsequebatur febrium intollerabilis estus, ita ut in triduo homo extingueretur. Sin vero aliquis triduum transegisset, habebat spem vivendi. Erat autem ubique luctus, ubique lacrime. Nam ut vulgi rumor habebat, querentes cladem vitare hinc inde fugerunt. Et relinquebantur domus deserte habitatoribus, solis catulis domos servantibus. Peculia sola remanebat in pascuis, nullo astante pastore. Cerneres pridem villas seu castra repleta agminibus hominum, postera die, universis vel mortuis vel fugientibus, cuncta esse in summo silentio. Fugiebant quoque filii cadavera parentum insepultorum. Parentes obliti pietatis viscera, natos relinquebant estuantes. Si quem antiqua forsitan pietas perstringebant, ut vellet sepelire proximum, restabat ipse insepultus, et dum obsequebatur, perimebatur. Dum funeri obsequium prebebat, ipse funus sine obsequio manebat. Videres seculum in antiquum redactum silentium. Nulla vox in rure, nullus pastorum sibilus. Nulle insidie bestiarum pecudibus. Nulla dampna in domesticis volucribus. Sed corvorum subito nimis multiplicatorum tota die crocitationes super viventes et super mortuos hyatus. Sata transgressa metendi tempus intacta expspectabant messorem. Vinea, amissis foliis, radiantibus uvis, illesa manebat hyeme propinquante. Nullus cernebatur percussor, et tamen visum oculorum superabant cadavera mortuorum. Intra civitates cymitera sepeliendis non sufficiebant unde et in campis sepulturas hominum novas faciebant. Simile quid dictum est anno Justiniani ….
And, as one says about the third year of Charles IV reign (1348), "at its beginning thick fog covered the heavens and the earth, / And sluggish heat was confined in the clouds". And human entrails were first drenched with torrents and burst into flames. And there began to grow in the groins of men or in other delicate places glands resembling nuts or dates. Soon followed by an intolerable heat of fevers, so that within three days a person would perish. But if someone passed three days, they had hope of living. Everywhere there was mourning, everywhere tears. For, as the common rumor had it, those lamenting to avoid disaster fled hither and thither. And deserted houses were left behind, inhabited only by stray dogs. Only wealth remained in the pastures, with no shepherd present. You would see villages or camps recently filled with crowds of people, but on the next day, with everyone either dead or fleeing, everything was in total silence. Even the children fled the bodies of their unburied parents. Parents, forgetful of their natural affection, abandoned their suffering children. If perhaps ancient compassion moved someone to want to bury their neighbor, that person remained unburied themselves, and while they were attending to the burial, they were killed. While they offered funeral rites, their own funeral remained without ceremony. You would see the world returned to ancient silence. No voice in the countryside, no shepherd's whistle. No lurking danger from wild beasts for the flocks. No losses among domestic fowl. But suddenly, the cawing of crows, too numerous, echoed all day over the living and the dead. The crops, surpassing the time of harvest, awaited the reaper untouched. The vineyards, stripped of leaves, with ripening grapes, remained untouched as winter approached. No reaper was seen, yet the corpses of the dead outnumbered the sights of the eyes. Within cities, burial grounds were insufficient for burying, so new human graves were made in the fields. Similar things were said in the year of Justinian ...
Great mortality still in many parts of Europe, meanwhile high numbers of pilgrims went to Rome because of the Holy Year.
Nelli anni di Cristo della sua Natività MCCCL, il dì di Natale, cominciò la santa indulgenzia a tutti coloro che andarono in pellegrinaggio a Roma, faccendo le vicitazioni ordinate per la santa Chiesa alla bassilica di Santo Piero e di San Giovanni i lLaterano e di Santo Paolo fuori di Roma: al quale perdono uomini e femine d'ogni stato e dignità concorse di Cristiani, maravigliosa e incredibile moltitudine, essendo di poco tempo inanzi stata la generale mortalità, e ancora essendo in diverse parti d'Europia tra' fedeli cristiani […]
In the years of Christ of his Nativity 1350, on Christmas Day, the holy indulgence began for all who went on pilgrimage to Rome and made the visits ordered by the holy Church to the Basilica of St Peter and St John Lateran and St Paul Outside the Walls of Rome: to this indulgence men and women of every rank and station flocked in marvellous and incredible multitudes, although shortly before that general mortality had prevailed and still prevailed in various parts of Europe among believing Christians [...].
Francis of Prague, Chronicon Francisci Pragensi, ed. Jana Zachová, Prague 1997, p. 212.
The Plague took place in Bohemia and many who fled to Rome (jubilee year) to escape it died there or on the way.
Anno Domini MCCCL in pluribus terris epydimia sive pestilencia genus humanum devastavit, sed tunc in Boemia eciam locum habebat, quam ob rem multi effugere volentes Romam iter arripuerunt et tamen ipsam non evaserunt. Unde de iis idem potest dici versus: Incidit in Cillam volens vitare Caribdim. Verumtamen securius et melius fuit eis ad animarum salutem in peregrinacione decedere, quam in propria patria in periculis manere. Et quia iste annus erat annus gracie et iubileus, multi Romam transeuntes pro indulgencia et gracia obtinenda de hac vita migraverunt: quidam in urbe Romana, quidam vero ab ipsa recedentes, quidam ad eandem accedentes.
In the year of our Lord 1350, in many lands, an epidemic or plague devastated the human race, and at that time it also took place in Bohemia, for which reason many desiring to escape undertook a journey to Rome, yet they did not escape it. Hence concerning them the same thing can be said as the verse: "He fell into Scylla wishing to avoid Charybdis." However, it was safer and better for them to depart on a pilgrimage for the salvation of souls than to remain in their own country in danger. And because this year was a year of grace and jubilee, many passing through Rome for the sake of obtaining indulgence and grace migrated from this life: some within the city of Rome, some coming from there, some approaching it.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 520
Jubilee year in Rome. A grave pestilence happened in all lands. Everybody wanted to evade the plague and receive indulgence in Rome but many died on the way or in the Holy City.
Iste fuit annus gracie et iublileus in Romana, unde per totum hunc annum fuit maximus concursus illuc hominum ex omnibus mundi partibus pro gracia et indulgencia obtinendis. Et quia pestilencia erat gravissima in omnibus terris, omnes volentes penitere et mortem effugere, illuc properabant. Multi eundo et redeundo et ibi morando mortui sunt.
In this year there was celebrated a Jubilee year of grace in Rome and throught the whole year, a great number of people from all parts of the world travelled there to receive grace and indulgence. And since the plague was most grave in all lands everybody hurried to do penance and avoid the death. Many died on the way to and from [Rome] and while staying there.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 300
Swedish annals on a great pestilence in 1350
Fuit magna pestilencia super totum mundum.
There was a great pestilence over the whole world.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 326
Anno Domini Mcccl fuit maxima pestilencia per totum mundum sicut vnquam fuit ante anni lxxx.
In the year of the Lord 1350, there was a great pestilence throughout the whole world, as it had never been before the year 80.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 338
Item anno Domini MCCCL erat magna mortalitas hominum et brutorum animalium in regno Swecie, cujus memoria disignatur in hiis dictionibus: Mors CeCa CeLos ditans urbem spoliavit.
Likewise, in the year of the Lord 1350, there was a great mortality of men and beasts in the kingdom of Sweden, the memory of which is described in these sayings: Death blinds the heavens and spoils the world.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 348
Item anno Domini MCCCl erat pestilencia super totum mundum.
In the year of the Lord 1350, there was a pestilence throughout the whole world.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 352
High mortality in Sweden in 1350 called "the big death" ''(stoor dødhin)''
Anno Domini 1350 fuit maxima mortalitas in Swecia dicta stoor dødhin.
In the year 1350, there was a great mortality in Sweden called "the big death".
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 32
Great plague in Sweden in 1350, foreseen by Saint Birgitta of Vadstena.
Eo tempore viguit in regno Swecie magna mortalitas, qua nemo meminit maiorem exstitisse nec ante nec post; quam diu ante predixerat futuram beata Birgitta. Christus namque in quadam revelacione eam sic predixit dicens: “Vadam per mundum cum aratro meo” etc.
At this time, the Black Death ravaged Sweden: no one can remember if there had been a greater plague epidemic than this, either before or after. Saint Birgitta had predicted long in advance that this would happen. Christ foreshadowed it thus in a revelation in which he says: "I will go over the world with my plough," etc.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 393
Great pestilence and sudden death among humans and cattle in Sweden
Gravis qvædam pestis ac mors subitanea tam in hominibus qvam in pecobirus grassabatur.
A certain grievous pestilence and sudden death ravaged both men and cattle.
Göte Paulsson: ''Annales Suecici Medii Aevi: Svensk Medeltidsannalistik''. Lund, 1974, p. 286
Note by Nils Birgersson, dean in Uppsala c. 1390–1420. High mortality in the Swedish region of Uppland in 1350. Five sixths of the population died
Generalis mortalitas totam Vplandiam deuastauit ita quod sexta pars hominum vix remansit que quidem mortalitas annis precedentibus et succedentibus totum mundum circumiuit.
A general mortality ravaged the whole of Uppland, so that hardly a sixth of the people remained. In fact, the mortality in the preceding and succeeding years had encircled the whole world.
Note by Nils Birgersson, dean in Uppsala c. 1390–1420 on the plague raging in Uppland in 1350 (MCCL)
Mors CeCat CeLos/ditans orbem spoiliauit.
Death blinds the heavens and spoils the world.
1350-00-00-Uppsala# QUERY84d4ef4d5096caecdd4831aa22d1e1df
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 218-219.
The Black Death strikes Magdeburg and neighbouring territories, a great mortality arisies for almost four months; numbers are given for the Franciscan order. There is a plague pit in Rottersdorf, outside the city.
In dissem sulven jare [1350] erhof sik ein grot sterven in disser stad to hant pingsten und stunt wente na sunte Michels dage und starf untellich volk, dat men se up den kerkhof nicht al graven konde: men moste alle dage utvoren mit twen karen und mit einem wagen und grof grote kulen to Rotterstorp, dar warp men se in. […] Mi jammert to schrivende vand drosnisse und schaden, den Magdeborch nam van den sterven. De wisesten and bedervesten dusser stadt alsmeistich vorgingen, wente ed storven leien und papen, olden und junge, rike und arme. Dat stervent was hir nicht alleine to Magdeborch, ed was ok over al disse land. De barvoten spreken na der tid dat ut orem orden weren storven allein hundert dusent verundtwintech dusten veirhundert und drittech brodere. Hi bi mach men merken wat leien storvent sint in dem jare, nu in einen orden so vele brodere storven. Hir in dem barvoten clostere bleven nicht mehr wenn dre broder levendich. Ik was ok in einen hus sulftegede, dar blef ik sulfandere levendich und achte storven. Ik horde ok sedder seggen dat den Augustineren weren des jares worden twelf schock vruwencleidere to selegered und manscleidere.
In that same year [1350] there was a great mortality in this town from Pentecost to St Michael's Day and countless people died so that they could no longer be buried in the churchyards. Every day they had to go out with carts and a wagon and make large ditches in Rottersdorf; the dead were thrown into them. [...] It is difficult for me to write about all the sadness and the damage that Magdeburg suffered from this mortality. The brightest and the most needy of this city perished to a large extent. Laymen and priests, old and young, rich and poor died. The dying was not unique to Magdeburg, it was everywhere in the country. The Franciscans said afterwards that 124,430 friars from their order alone died. This may give you an idea of how many lay people died that year if so many friars died in one order alone. Here in the Franciscan monastery, no more than three friars remain alive. I myself was present in a house where I and one other remained alive and eight died. I also heard myself say that the Augustinian monks received 1200 pieces of clothing from men and women that year as a testamentary donation for the salvation of souls.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 2-4
A poem about how the Black Death strikes Magdeburg, a great mortality arises for almost four months and a plague pit is opened at Rottersdorf. This time is remembered as a time of misery, connected to the return of the "false Waldemar", an impostor pretending to be former Margrave of Brandenburg and the earthquake of January 1348
Ik mach schriven wol vorwar: / na godes bort schach dusent jar / dreihundert unde veftich / und warde went an sestich / dat god sines tornes hand / streckede hir in dutsche land, / dat in den tein jaren / wart clage noch ervaren. / dat clagent maket al de dot. / ein stervent wart hr also grot / dat men alle dage / sach weinen und clagen / [p. 3] isliken umme sinen mach. / men mende, ed were de leste dach. / dat stervent hof hir in der stadt / an der hochtit trinitat / und stund na sunte Michels dage. / da weinen jammer unde clage / was hir so gemeine, / dat grot unde kleine / jammer mochen schouwen / an mannen unde vrouwen / und an cleinen kinde / ok an den ingesinde. / de seiken men ungern laven / wolde, noch de doden graven. / mit wagenen unde karen / sach man to kerkhove varen / so vele der doden lute; / to Rottersdorp he nute / dar weren grote kulen, / dar inne de doden vulen. / neiman dat getelen kann, / wat vrouwen storve edder man. / […] / dat men noch alle dage / de lude horte clage, / wen se beginnen rogen / und ore dage wrogen. / se spreken, sodan ungemach / in der werlde nu geschach, / alse wi hebben levet: / [p. 4] de erde heft gebevet, / greve Wodenberch de dode man, / sprak men, he we up irstan.
I will write down the following: / After God's birth a thousand years / three hundred and fifty / and that lasted until sixty / that God stretched out the hand of his wrath / here to the German lands / that in the ten years / there was much to mourn. / The mourning was because of death. / Dying was so great here / that every day / weeping was seen and lamentation was made by everyone for his own. / People thought it was Judgement Day. / Dying began here in the city / on the Feast of Trinity / and ended around St Michael's Day. / Weeping, wailing and lamentation / was so widespread here that great and small experienced misery, men and women / and even small children and servants. / The sick were not cared for / nor did people want to bury the dead. / With wagons and carts / one saw many dead people travelling to the churchyard / out to Rottersdorf, / there were large mounds / into which the dead were allowed to fall. / No one can put into words / how many men and women died / [...] / one always heard people lamenting / when they were shaken up / because they were asked about their lives / they spoke: At that time only disaster happened in the world / when they lived: / [p. 4] the earth shook / and Count Waldemar, the dead man / was said to have risen again.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, pp. 521-522.
Great plague with high victim numbers all over the german lands. The plague happened due to Gods will and he used the planets and stars as instruments to fulfill it. The plague is the punishment for the sins of the people.
681. In deme sulven jare des somers van pinrsten bet to sunte Mychaelis daghe do was so grot stervent der lude in allen Dudeschen landen, dat des ghelikes ne was ervaren, unde het noch de grote dot, hir umme dat he mene was over vele lant, ok dat he krestich was over vele lude, also dat an vele steden de teynde mynsche kume bles levendich. in der stad to Lubeke storven by eneme naturliken daghe sancti Laurentii (p. 522), van der ener vesper tho der anderen 25 hundert volkes betalt. de lude ghinghen alse doden, unde er sturven vele van angheste unde vruchteden, wente se weren des umbewonet. Wat de sake weren des stervendes unde der anderen, de dar na quemen, dat is Gode bekannt unde is vorbedecket an den vorborghenen schatten siner grundelosen wisheyt; allenen, dat vor is hir beschreven, dat de planeten unde sternen scholden anvlote gheven to deme stervende, dat is war, dat se nicht en synt de erste unde hogeste sake, mer God allenen; de planeten sint men instrumenta unde tekene; vormiddels den werket God unde vullenbringhet sinen willen. Ik love, dat de bosheit der lude, de sik vormeret an der lesten tiit der werlde unde wert jo groter unde groter, si en sake, dar sik umme vormeren ok de wrake der pyne, also de lerer willen der hilgen schrift. unde is dat also, so sint desse stervende, orloghe, vorretnisse unde al de plaghe, de nu scheen, mer de tekene, de Cristus hest ghesproken in den hilgen ewangelien, dat se scholen scheen vor der lesten tiid; wo langhe vore, dat is nicht beschreven, wente Gode is dat alleneghen bekant.
681. In the same year (1350), from Pentecost until St. Michael's Day in the summer, there was such a great death among people in all German lands that nothing like it had ever been experienced. It was considered the Great Death because it spread across many lands and claimed the lives of many people. In many places, barely one in ten people remained alive. In the city of Lübeck died only at one day 2,500 people, from one evening prayer on the feast day of St. Lawrence to the next. People left as dead people, and many also died from fear and dread. The reasons for this mortality and other calamities that followed are known only to God, concealed in the hidden depths of His boundless wisdom. However, it is written here that the planets and stars were thought to have some influence on the spread of the plague, though they were not the primary or highest cause—only God Himself is. The planets are merely instruments and signs through which God works and fulfills His will. I believe that the increasing wickedness of people, which has grown in these latter days of the world and continues to grow, may also be a cause, as the teachings of Holy Scripture suggest, for which God's punishment and wrath increase as well. If this is so, then the deaths, wars, betrayals, and all the plagues we now see are merely signs that Christ spoke of in the Holy Gospels, which are to appear before the end times. How long before, however, is not recorded, as only God alone knows.
1/9 remained alive + 2500 deaths at one day in Lübeck
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Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, pp. 381-382
Arrival of the Black Death in Erfurt and Thuringia, great mortality of 12.000 people. Victims are buried, according to doctors' advice, in mass graves outside the city. The epidemic last half a year.
Eodem anno (1350) pestilencia epydimialis in Thuringia exorta est et fere in tota Alamania et precipue in Erphordia, ita ut maxima pars hominum moreretur, quia morbus contagiosus erat. Porro consules cum consilio magistrorum phisicorum inhibuerunt, ut nemo amplius inibi sepeliri deberet; tanta erat multitudo sepulchrorum in cimiteriis ubique, ut duo vel tres ad unum sepulchrum ponerentur. Deinde facta sunt XI fossata magna in cimiterio ville Nuzezse prope Erphordiam, ad que deducta sunt circa XII milia corpora hominum in bigis et in curribus oneratis; de festo sancti Iacobi usque ad purificacionem virginis gloriose cottidie tres bige vel quatuor corpora mortuorum in cimiteriis et in viis circumquaque sustulerunt. Exceptis his multi alii sepulti sunt in civitate occulte et in villis ubique circumiacentibus, quorum anime cum electis Dei requiesant in pace! Amen. Unde dixit quidam: Mille trecentenis decies quinis simul annis / Hic hominum necifex locat aer milia bis sex. / Hir zwenzig hunder liche lin / Unde hunderwert hundert, / Dy sint vorscheiden al in dem sterben leydir.
In the same year (1350), an epidemic plague arose in Thuringia and nearly throughout all of Germany, especially in Erfurt, to the extent that a great majority of the people perished, as the disease was contagious. Furthermore, the city authorities, in consultation with the council of physicians, forbade any further burials there; such was the multitude of graves everywhere that two or three bodies were placed in a single grave. Subsequently, eleven large pits were dug in the cemetery of the village of Neuses, near Erfurt, into which around twelve thousand bodies of people were brought in wagons and loaded carts. From the feast of Saint James until the purification of the glorious Virgin, daily three or four wagons carried the bodies of the deceased to cemeteries and streets everywhere. Besides these, many others were secretly buried in the city and in the surrounding villages, may their souls rest in peace with the chosen ones of God! Amen. As someone said: "In the year thirteen hundred fifty, / the human-slaying air / killed two times sixthousand. / Here lie twenty times a hundred corpses / and a hundred times a hundred / who have all sadly passed away in death".
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, (Continuatio II A) pp. 396-397
Anno eodem pestilencia grandis epidimialis in Thurinigia exorta est et fere in tota Alamania et precipue in Erfordia, adeo ut decima pars amplius hominum morerentur, quia morbus contagiosus erat. Porro cives cum consilio phisicorum inhibuerunt, ut nemo amplius inibi sepeliri deberet. Tanta erat multitudo sepulchrorum in cimiteriis ubique, ut duo vel tres ad unum sepulchrum ponerentur. Deinde facta sunt XI fossata in cimiterio ville Nusessen prope Erfordiam, ad que deducta sunt XII milia corpora hominum in bigis et curribus, qui continue de festo sancti Iacobi usque ad purificacionem numero III vel IIII vehebantur. Excepits hiis multi alii sepulti sunt in civitate occulte et in villis ubique circumiacentibus.
In the same year, a great epidemic pestilence broke out in Thuringia and nearly throughout all of Germany, especially in Erfurt, to the extent that more than a tenth of the population perished, as the disease was contagious. Furthermore, the citizens, in consultation with the physicians, forbade any further burials there. Such was the multitude of graves everywhere that two or three bodies were placed in a single grave. Subsequently, eleven pits were dug in the cemetery of the town of Neuses near Erfurt, into which around twelve thousand bodies of people were brought in wagons and carts. These were continuously transported, three or four at a time, from the feast of Saint James until Candlemas. Besides these, many others were secretly buried in the city and in the surrounding villages.
Codex Diplomaticus Moraviae, vol. VIII, p. 95, no. 129
In a charter from the end of the year 1351 John, Markgrave of Moravia, offers settlers, who are willing to settle down in Brno, which is depopulated by the plague, tax exemption for four years.
[...], qualiter condicio Ciuitatis nostr Brvnne que hactenus per perstilenciam et mortalitatem hominum miserabiliter deuastata et deserta fuit [...].
[...] such is the condition of our city Brno, which has so far been miserably devastated and deserted through the plague and the mortality of the people [...].
Codex Diplomaticus Moraviae, vol. VIII, p. 97f., no. 133
In a charter from the end of the year 1351 John, Markgrave of Moravia, offers settlers, who are willing to settle down in Znojmo, which is depopulated by the plague, tax exemption for four years.
Presertim, cum ciuitas nostra Znoymensis, que in metis Marchionatus nostri consistit, per pestilenciam et epidemiam pro dolor in tantum sit deuastata his proximis preteritis temporibus et desolata [...].
[...] Especially since our city Zojmo, which is situated at the border of our Margraviate, was devastated by a plague and epidemic and was left in great pain by its inhabitants in recent times [...].
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 1, pp. 318-320.
Genoese came to Crete to conquer the land. The attacks were carried out with great loses and pestilence and infested land made their stay impossible, thus they returned back to Genoa with a stopover in Venice to harm them with infected galleys. More than 8 thousand Italians died in this war.
Come i Genovesi asediarono Gostantinopoli (p. 319) […] E ferma la pace, i Genovesi con tutta loro armata se ne vennono alla Candia per vincere il paese; e volendo porre in terra; ebbono incontro i paesani con IIIC cavalieri, e lle ciurme delle galee, e contradissono la prima scesa. I Genovesi si providono di fare parate, e dietro a quelle missono i balestrieri, e messe le scale in terra, a contradio di nemici presono campo; e stando in terra trovarono il paese corrotto, e avelenata l'aria e la terra di coruzione e sparta dalle galee di Viniziani e Catalani, e anche tra lloro avea dell'infermi e de' fediti, e per questa cagione, e per li molti disagi sostenuti lungamente, pensarono che 'l soprastare era pistolenzoso e mortale, si ricolsono a galea, e missonsi in mare per tornarsi a Genova; e inanzi pervenissono alla patria più di MD uomini della loro armata gittarono i mare morti: e nondimeno lasciarono nel golfo di Vinegia X galee per danneggiare i Viniziani. E del mese d'agosto del detto anno con XXXII galee tornarono a Genova col loro amiraglio, e con DCC prigioni viniziani e con molta preda dell'acquisto fatto sopra i nimici e sopra le spoglie de' Greci. Della quale vittoria, avegna che molto ne montasse in fama il Comune (p. 320) di Genova, più tristizia ch'allegrezza, più pianto e dolore che festa tornò a la loro patria: trovossi all'ultimo di questa maladetta guerra di queste armate, che tra morti in battaglia, e anegati in mare, e periti di pestilenzia, tra l'una parte e l'altra più di VIIIM Italiani vi morirono in quello anno. E quello avenne solo per attizzamento d'invidia di pari stato di due popoli Genovesi e' Viniziani, che catuno si volea tenere il maggiore.
[...] And after the peace treaty, the Genoese came to Crete with their entire fleet to conquer the land; and when they wanted to land, they met the locals with 300 knights and the crews of the galleys, who repelled the first landing attempt. The Genoese prepared themselves, set up defensive positions and deployed archers behind them. They put ladders ashore and captured a camp despite the enemy attacks. Once ashore, they found the land infested and the air and soil tainted by the plague spread by the Venetian and Catalan galleys. There were also sick and wounded among them, and for this reason, as well as the many prolonged hardships, they decided that staying on was dangerous and deadly. They returned to the galleys, set sail and made their way back to Genoa. Before they reached home, however, they threw more than 1500 men from their fleet dead into the sea. Nevertheless, they left ten galleys in the Gulf of Venice to inflict damage on the Venetians. In August of the same year, they returned to Genoa with 32 galleys under their admiral, 700 Venetian prisoners and much booty that they had taken from the enemy and the Greeks. Despite this victory, which brought great glory to the commonwealth of Genoa, this homecoming brought more sorrow than joy, more weeping and pain than festivity to the homeland. At the end of this accursed war of the fleets, there were more than 8000 Italians who died that year among the dead in the battles, the drowned at sea and the victims of the plague on both sides. And this happened solely because of the fuelled jealousy of two peoples of equal rank, the Genoese and the Venetians, each of whom believed themselves to be the greater.
Template:Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 1, p. 338.
Mortality in Italy, which led king Louis I of Hungaryto return to Hungary.
tornato i rre d'Ungheria, per tema della generale mortalità, in suo paese;
The king returned to Hungary, because of the general mortality.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 363
Black Death in Novgorod and other lands[1].
Того же лѣта [6860] бысть моръ силенъ в Новѣградѣ, прилучися приити на ны, по человѣколюбию божию, праведному суду его; вниде смерть в люди тяжка и напрасна, от госпожина дни почалося нольнѣ и до велика дни, множество бещислено людии добрых помре тогда. Сице же бысть знамение тоя смерти: хракнеть кровью человѣкъ и до треи день бывъ да умрет. Не токмо же въ едином Новѣградѣ бысть сиа смерть, мню, яко по лицю всея земъля походи ; и ему же богъ повелѣ, тъ умре, а его же снабди, сего кажа наказует, да прочее дни о господѣ цѣломудрено и безъгрѣшно поживемъ.
The same year [6860] there was a great plague in Novgorod; it came on us by God's loving kindness, and in His righteous judgment, death came upon people, painful and sudden, it began from Lady Day till Easter; a countless number of good people died then. These were the symptoms of that death: a man would spit blood and after three days he was dead. But this death did not visit Novgorod alone; I believe it passed over the face of all the land; and whom ever God commanded, that man died, and whomever he saved, him he admonished and punished, that the rest of our days we may live in the Lord virtuously and sinlessly.
Black Death in Novgorod and other lands.
Того же лѣта [6860] [1] бысть моръ силенъ в Новѣградѣ, прилучися приити на ны, по человѣколюбию божию, праведному суду его; вниде смерть в люди тяжка и напрасна, от госпожина дни почалося нольнѣ и до велика дни, множество бещислено людии добрых помре тогда. Сице же бысть знамение тоя смерти: хракнеть кровью человѣкъ и до треи день бывъ да умрет. Не токмо же въ едином Новѣградѣ бысть сиа смерть, мню, яко по лицю всея земъля походи ; и ему же богъ повелѣ, тъ умре, а его же снабди, сего кажа наказует, да прочее дни о господѣ цѣломудрено и безъгрѣшно поживемъ[2]
The same year [6860] there was a great plague in Novgorod; it came on us by God's loving kindness, and in His righteous judgment, death came upon people, painful and sudden, it began from Lady Day till Easter; a countless number of good people died then. These were the symptoms of that death: a man would spit blood and after three days he was dead. But this death did not visit Novgorod alone; I believe it passed over the face of all the land; and whom ever God commanded, that man died, and whomever he saved, him he admonished and punished, that the rest of our days we may live in the Lord virtuously and sinlessly[3]
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 362
First appearance of the Black Death in Pleskov
В лѣто 6860.[1] […] Бысть моръ силенъ велми въ Плесковѣ.
In the year 1352 […]. There was a very great plague in Pleskov.
1352-00-00-Pleskov# QUERYc88ca24fae3132ba8ac1ad3c54e6e9a9
Great mortality in Constance for a year.
Anno 1352 in die beati Lucae evangeliste (18 October) hub ain großer sterbat an und weret ain ganz jar.
in the year 1352 on the day of Saint Luke the Evangelist (October 18th) a great death began and lasted one year.
Impact of the Black Death on the demographics of the small village of Altusried in the Allgäu region according to tax records from Constance four years later.
Item ante bestilentiam fuerunt ibidem centum et L domicilia, nunc autem tantum sunt ibidem LX vel citra.
Similarly, before the pestilence, there were one hundred and fifty households there, but now there are only sixty or fewer
1353-00-00-Altusried# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
''Flateyjarannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 405
Great Famine in Iceland in 1353.
DI 105, Osterode, Nr. 14† (Jörg H. Lampe), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di105g021k0001408
Inscription on a church bell to protect from plague and famine, probably referring to the Black Death, from the parish of Poehlde in Lower Saxony.
O Rex aeterne populum Tu laedere sperne / Fulmine peste fame quotiens tonuit sonus a me.
O Eternal King, spare the people from injury by lightning, pestilence and famine as often as my sound is heard.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 1, p. 479-480.
In Tunis and surrounding areas was a plague of locusts, which destroyed the fields and grass. Their decay corrupted the air, leading to mortality and famine. In the following year, the same thing happened in Cyprus, thus the king issued a decree to contain the plague.
De' grilli ch'abondarono in Barberia e poi in Cipri In questo anno abondarono in Barberia, a Tunisi e nelle contrade vicine tanta moltitudine di grilli che copersono tutto il paese, e rosono e consumarono tutta l'erba che trovarono viva sopra la terra, e del puzzo ch'uscia della loro coruzzione corruppono tanto l'aria del paese, che nne seguitò grande mortalità nelli uomini, e grande fama a tutta la provincia. E questa medesima pestilenzia di grilli nel seguente anno accupò l'isola di Cipri per sì sconcio modo, che' campi e le strade n'erano pieni, alti da terra u mezzo braccio e più, e guastarono ciò che v'era di verde. E per cessare la pistilenzia della loro coruzione i re fece per dicreto che ogni uomo grande e popolare, plelato e cittadino e barone e contadino, ne dovesse rassegnare certa misura alli uficiali eletti sopra cciò per lo re, i quali feciono fare per li campi grandi fosse, ove li mettieno e ricoprieno. E per questa legge i villani si dispuosono a ffare loro civanza, e patteggiarono colli uomini ch'avieno a ffare il servigio che comandato e imposto li era, e avieno della misura certo (p. 480) prezzo, e rasegnavalli per nome di colui che li avea pagati alli uficiali diputati sopra ciò, i quali tenieno il conto di catuno; e durò questa maladizione in questa isola parecchi anni. Con tutto l'argomento che ffu utilissimo ad alleggiare i campi e cessare la coruzione, ma grande noia e confusione fu a tutto il paese.
That year, in Barbaria, Tunis and the neighbouring areas, there were so many crickets that they covered the whole country, eating and destroying all the grass they found on the ground. The stench emanating from their decay so corrupted the air of the land that a great mortality among the people and a great famine followed throughout the province. In the following year this same plague of locusts attacked the island of Cyprus in such a disgraceful manner that the fields and roads were full of them, up to half an arm and more high, and they destroyed all the greenery there was. To put an end to the pestilence of their decay, the king issued a decree that every man, great or small, plebeian or commoner, baron or peasant, should give a certain amount to the officials he chose. These had large trenches dug in the fields, into which they placed the crickets and covered them up again. As a result of this law, the farmers began to set to work and they traded with the men who were to perform the ordered and imposed service and had a certain price for the quantity. They handed them over in the name of the one who had paid them, to the appointed officials who kept a record of each one. This plague lasted for several years on this island. Although the measure was very useful in relieving the fields and stopping the decay, it was a great labour and confusion to the whole country.
Template:Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899, p. 384
Epidemic in Erfurt with 7-8 victims per month in hospitals.
Eodem anno in autumno pestilencia epydimialis iterum in Erphordia regnare incepit, ita ut in aliquibus hospiciis per mensem VII vel VIII vel amplius morerentur. Requiescant in pace!.
In the same year, in the autumn, the epidemic plague began to reign once again in Erfurt, to the extent that in some hospices, seven or eight or even more people were dying per month. May they rest in peace!.
Template:Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 1, pp. 728-729
In Florence dry and beautiful until mid-April, then much rain, from June very dry until mid-October. Then much precipitation with loss of a third of the seed grain. In summer, many infections and febrile diseases [rabies outbreak in Calabria?], total loss of the fruit harvest, many dead farm animals; good grain harvest; reason: A lunar eclipse on 16th of February.
Martedì notte alle ore IIII e mezzo, a dì XVI di febbraio MCCCLV, cominciò la scurazione della luna nel segno dell' Aquario, e all'ore V e mezzo fu tutta scurata, e bene dello spazio d'un altra ora si penò a liberare. E non sapiendo noi per astrologia di sua influenzia, considerammo li efetti di questo seguente anno, e vedemmo continovamente infino a mezzo aprile serenissimo cielo, e apresso continove acque oltre al modo usato e i rimanente d'aprile e tutto il mese di maggio, e apresso continovi secchi e stemperati caldi insino a mezzo ottobre. E in questi tempi estivali e autunnali furono generali infezzioni, e in molte parti malatie di febri e altri stemperamenti di corpi mortali umani, e singularmente malatie di ventre e di pondi co lungo duramento. Ancora avenne in questo anno un disusato accidente alli uomini, e cominciossi in Calavra a fFiume Freddo e scorse fino a Gaeta, e chiamavano questo accidente male arrabiato. L'affetto mostrava mancamento di celabro con cadimento di capogirli con diversi dibattimenti, e mordieno come cani e percotiensi pericolosamente, e assai se ne morivano, ma cchi era proveduto e atato guariva. E fu nel detto anno mortalità di bestie dimestiche grande. E in questo anno medesimo furono [p. 729] in Fiandra, e in Francia e in Italia molte grandi e diverse battaglie, e nuovi movimenti di guerre e di signorie, come leggendo si potrà trovare. E nel detto anno fu singolare buona e gra ricolta di pane, e più vino non si sperava, perché un freddo d'aprile l'uve già nate seccò e arse, e da ccapo molte ne rinacquono e condussonsi a bbene, cosa assai strana. E da mezzo ottobre a calen di gennaio furono acque continove con gravi diluvii, e perdessene il terzo della sementa, ma il gennaio vegnente fu sì bel tempo, che lla perduta sementa si raquistò. I frutti delli alberi dimestichi tutti si perderono in questo anno. Non aremmo stesa questa memoria se lla scurazione predetta non vi ci avesse indotto.
On Tuesday night at half past twelve o'clock, on the sixteenth day of February MCCCLV, the moon began to wax and wane in the sign of Aquarius, and at half past five o'clock it was all darkened, and within another hour it was free. And not knowing by astrology of its influence, we considered the effects of this following year, and saw continually until mid-April very clear skies, and thereafter continually counting waters beyond the usual manner and the remainder of April and the whole month of May, and thereafter dry and warm dry spells until mid-October. And in these summer and autumn times there were general infestations, and in many parts sicknesses of fever and other distempering of human bodies, and singularly sicknesses of the belly and abdomen with long duration. Again, in this year, an unfortunate accident happened to men, and it began in Calavra at Fiume Freddo and went as far as Gaeta, and they called this accident an angry disease. The affection showed a lack of celabrums with the fall of the head with various fights, and they bit like dogs and perished dangerously, and many died, but those who were provided and cured. And there was great mortality of domestic beasts in the said year. And in this same year there were [p. 729] in Flanders, and in France and Italy many great and diverse battles, and new movements of wars and lordships, as you will read. And in the said year there was a singularly good and abundant harvest of bread, and more wine was not hoped for, because one cold April the grapes that had already been born dried up and burned, and from the beginning many of them were reborn and were well, which is a very strange thing. And from the middle of October to the middle of January, there were heavy rains, and a third of the seed was lost, but the coming January was such good weather that the lost seed was regained. The fruits of the dimestique trees were all lost in this year. We would not have written this memoir if the aforementioned destruction had not induced us to do so.
Pope Innocent VI approves the plea of Henricus Lamberti, deacon from the diocese of Lund, for a benefice under the altar of Saint Jacobi and Saint Laurentii in the cathedral of Lund with a yield of no more than six silver marks, which was left vacant by the death of Ingemar Johannis at the curia during the plague
Supplicat sanctitati vestre deuotus vester Henricus Lamberti, diaconus Lundensis diocesis, quatenus sibi de beneficio altaris sanctorum Iacobi et Laurentii situati in ecclesia Lundensi, cuius fructus etc. vi marcharum argenti valorem annuum communiter non excedunt, vacante per mortem Ingemari Iohannis, qui in Romana curia tempore pestilencie diem clausit extremum, dignemini prouidere cum non obstantibus et clausulis oportunis ac executoribus vt in forma. Fiat G. Et quod transeat sine alia lectione. Fiat G. Datum Auinione III nonas iulii anno tercio.
Your faithful Henry Lambert, deacon of the diocese of Lund, beseeches for the benefit of the altar of Saints James and Lawrence situated in the church of Lund, the fruits etc. of which by force of silver marks do not exceed the annual value and are vacant by the death of Ingemar Johannis, who closed the last day in the Roman court during the pestilence, deign to provide with non-obstacles and convenient clauses and executors as in form. And that should pass without another reading. Avignon, on the 5 July in the third year.
In Cyprus and Tunis and surroundings were great abundance of locusts, which destroyed the harvest and the fields. It followed a famine and a mortality among the people.
Come abondarono grilli in Cipri e 'n Barberia In questo tempo abbondarono nell'isola di Cipri tanti grilli, che rimpierono tutti i campi alti da terra un quarto di braccio, e consumarono ciò che verde trovarono sopra la terra, e guastarono i lavori per modo che frutto no se ne poté avere in quest'anno. E 'l simigliante avenne questo medesimo anno MCCCLV i molte parti della Barberia, e massimamente nel reame di Tunisi; ed essendo mancato il pane al minuto popolo di Barberia, metteno i grilli ne'forni, e cotti alquanto incrosticati li mangiavano i Saracini, e con questa brutta vivanda mantenieno la misera vita, ma grande mortalità seguitò di quello popolo.
How crickets were abundant in Cyprus and in Barbaria At that time there were so many crickets on the island of Cyprus that they covered all the fields up to the height of a quarter of an arm and consumed all the greenery they found on the ground. They destroyed the crops to such an extent that no fruit could be harvested that year. Something similar happened in the same year, 1355, in many parts of Barbaria, especially in the kingdom of Tunis. As bread became scarce for the common people of Barbarie, they put the crickets in ovens, and after they were baked and crusted, the Saracens ate them. With this unappetising food they maintained their miserable lives, but great mortality followed among this people.
DI 91, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Nr. 34 (Sebastian Scholz und Rüdiger Fuchs), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di091mz14k0003402
Inscription referring to a Mass grave of the Pestis secunda in Hersfeld.
Anno milleno ter c semel l q(uoque) seno / De tumida peste q(ue) tu(n)c viguit ma(n)ifeste / Ex vi divina cecideru(n)t miliae) trina / Hic svbterrata req(ui)esca(n)t pace beata.
In the year 1356, due to the swelling plague, which was apparently in full force at the time, 3000 died by divine force and were buried here. May they rest in holy peace.
1356-00-00-Bad-Hersfeld# QUERYd6fedec37bc681d88f18cb3adbefa596
Annales Wratislawienses maiores, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica III, p. 690.
There was an earthquake in Basel followed by a plague.
Item anno Domini 1356 in die sancti Luce ewangeliste post meridiem in Basilea super ripam Reni terre motus factus magnus et multa castra subvertit et plures interfecit, et secuta est pestilencia.
In the year of the Lord 1356 at the day of St Luke the apostle after midday the earth shook fiercely in Basel and many castles were destroyed and many [people] were killed and following this there was a plague.
Miroslav Flodr (ed.), Pamětní kniha města Brna z let 1343-1376 (1379), Brno 2005, p. 745, no 2258.
An entry in the town book of Brno (of 1356) states that the city officials together with John Henry, the margrave of Moravia, should see to it that the property of those deceased in the recent plague were not transferred to foreigners.
Item cum magnificus princeps, dominus noster naturalis, dominus Iohannes, marchio Moravie, in epidemia seu pestilencia novissime regnante iuratis ac consulibus civitatis, ut cavere deberent, ne testata et legateta moriencium et maxime notabilium personarum per aliquam extraneam personam seu advenam sub obtentu sue gracie, rerum et personarum perdicione aliqualiter distraherentur, strictissime percipisset
When the illustrious prince, our natural lord, Lord John, Margrave of Moravia, during the most recently (1356) ravaging epidemic or plague, strictly commanded the jurors and councilors of the city to ensure that the wills and legacies of those dying, especially of notable persons, should not be in any way taken away by any foreign person or newcomer under the pretext of his grace, resulting in the loss of possessions and persons
Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922, p. 110.
The Pestis secunda emerges in Germany.
Item eodem anno (1356) insurgit pestilencia magna hominum, ut supra, per totam Alamaniam.
Similarly, in the same year (1356), a great pestilence of people arose, as mentioned before, throughout all of Germany.
The pestis secunda strikes Hesse and Central Germany, in combination with a bad harvest and dearth of foodstuffs.
Item in disem selben jare irhup sich groß jamer, unde qwam daz zweite groß sterben, also daz di lude an allen enden in Duschen landen stoben mit großen haufen an der selben suchte, als si sturben in dem ersten sterben. Unde war ez nit enqwam in disem jare, dar qwam ez in dem andern jare, unde ging alumb. Auch so galt daz korn unde di fruchte sin gelt, daz ez an manichem lande gar hertlichen unde komerlichen wart sten, unde sunderlichen in Hessen, in Westfalen unde dar umb unde anderswo. Item der win galt groß gelt, mit namen so galt ein qwart wines von Elsaßen zu Limpurg funf engelsen, daz ist war, unde der lantwin unde von Rine einen schilling pennige.
In this same year (1356), great sorrow arose, and there came the second great dying, so that people everywhere in the German lands died in large numbers from the same sickness as they did in the first dying. And if it did not happen in this year, it happened in the next year and continued to roam. Also, the price of grain and other crops rose significantly, causing hardship and trouble in many lands, especially in Hessen, Westphalia, and surrounding areas. Moreover, the price of wine rose greatly, for example, a quarter of wine from Alsace cost five "English" in Limburg, that is true, and the local wine and that from the Rhine cost a shilling pennies.
Presche 2013, pp. 512-513, taken from an Early modern source compilation, "Hessische Congeries", but evaluated and redated most convincingly.
No longer extant inscription from inside a parish church in Kassel, referring to the Pestis secunda.
m c sic trinis cum l v i quoque binis / mund per gyrum regnans epidemia totum / grandi de peste pereunt homines tibi certe / pars hominum bina penetrant coelestia regna.
M C so three (times), with L V I also two (times) (1357), / Through the earth's whole circle a pestilence reigning, / Humans perish from great pestilence, to you reliably / A part of men; in twofold they move into heavenly realms.
A plague emerges in Germany after a year of inclement weather, cold, and bad harvest.
Anno Domini trecentesimo quinquagesimo 6. crevit vinum tam debile, quod vix homines bibere poterant, et si vinum vetus poterat inveniri, in hoc non poterat tam preciose ... nisi biberetur; et homines, qui poterant hoc habere pro excellenti precio, gavisi sunt quasi gratis haberent; et annona preciosa; et facta est pestilencia in multis partibus terre.
In the year of our Lord 1356, wine grew so weak that scarcely could people drink it, and if old wine could be found, it couldn't be valued as highly... unless it was to be drunk; and people, insofar as they could have this for an excellent price, rejoiced as if they had it for free; and there was a dearth of grain; and a pestilence occurred in many parts of the land.
1356-00-00-Mainz# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Template:Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735, p. 471.
Great plague in Würzburg and Franconia.
De Pestilentia. Anno Domini 1356. fuit pestilentia hominum prima in Herbipoli magna & grauis & circum quaque in Franconia.
Over the plague. In the year of our Lord 1356, was a great and severe human plague first in Würzburg and then all over Franconia.
Template:Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735
Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004, Vol. 2 (1994), p. 356.
Von ainem sterben In dem jare des heren 1356 ist zu Wirtzburg vnd daselbstumb im land zu Francken ain heftige pestilentz angefallen, die ser vil leüt hinweg genomen hat
About an dying. In the year of the lord 1356 was a great plague in Würzburg and in Franconia, which took the lives of many people.
Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a precise description of symptoms.
Item anno domini McccLVI circa mensem augustum et sequentibus magna in opido Frankenfordensi pestilencia duravit, ac in lectis modico tempore quandoque vix tribus diebus vel circa decumbentes decesserunt. Glauces circa crura vel brachia sua aut tumorem et dolorem circa capita sua vel alibi in corporibus habentes moriebantur.
In the year of our Lord 1356, around the month of August and the following months, a great pestilence persisted in the town of Frankfurt. Those afflicted would often lie in bed for a short time, sometimes barely three days or around that, before succumbing. They would die with bluish discoloration around their legs or arms, or with swelling and pain in their heads or elsewhere on their bodies.
Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt.
Anno 1356 in augusto tanto pestis insaevit Francofordiae quod mirum fuit. In triduo infecti pesti iverunt viam carnis universae.
In the year 1356, in August, such a severe plague raged in Frankfurt that it was astonishing. Within three days of being infected by the plague, they all passed away.
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with a general procession.
Anno 1356 in die sancti Matthaei Francoforti statio generalis propter epidemiam habebatur et 6 5 et 4 calendas octobris in ecclesia sancti Bartholomaei ob pestilentiam missa "recordare" etc., membro quolibet nigra cappa induto candelam caerae manu tenennte, cantabatur.
In the year 1356, on the feast of Saint Matthew, a general assembly was held in Frankfurt due to the epidemic. And on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], at the church of Saint Bartholomew, because of the plague, the Mass "Recordare" was celebrated, with each member wearing a black cloak and holding a candle in hand, made of wax.
Outbreak of the plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions.
Et eodem anno [1356] habita est supplicatio publica propter pestem epidemiae Francofordiae, singulis in manu tenentibus candelam (Antiquitates) / Eodem anno [1356] fuit stacio generalis propter epidemiam, et sexto quinto ac quarto calendas octobris cautatum fuit in ecclesia nostra officium "recordare", quolibet sacerdote candelam ardentem manu tenente (Acta).
And in the same year (1356), a public supplication was held due to the epidemic plague in Frankfurt, with everyone holding a candle in their hand (Antiquitates) / In the same year [1356], there was a general assembly due to the epidemic, and on the sixth, fifth, and fourth days before the Kalends of October [September 26th, 27th, and 28th], the office of "recordare" was sung in our church, with each priest holding a burning candle in hand (Acta).
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 3, 223
Plague strikes Magdeburg, symptoms of bubonic plague are described and Jews were persecuted, expelled and killed as they were blamed for the epidemic outbreak
Dar na [1350] aver seven jare / wart hir echt ein stervent sware (...) In dem jare wart hir grot stervent in der stadt, und was de suke der lude vor wesen hadde over seven jare, also dat den luden drose worden under den armen edder an dem halse edder boven an den beinen. Dit stervent lede men den joden to, dat ed van orer gift were. Dar umme vordref men de joden, und orer wart vele vordelget
But after that 1350 there was a very heavy mortality here for seven years. ... In that year [1357] there was a great dying in the city. And it was the same thing that had affected the people seven years earlier. People got swellings under their arms, on their necks or on the upper part of their legs. The Jews were blamed for the deaths, saying it was caused by their poison. That is why the Jews were expelled, and many of them were also killed.
The Cistercian monastery of Mühlberg on the river Elbe remembers in 1359 its nuns deceased in a plague outbreak, probably part of the pestis secunda.
pro remedio animarum suae et progenitorum suorum et parentum ac etiam dominarum singularum et sororum nostrarum conventualium dicti nostri monasterii in moritalitate sive pestilentia, quae nuper videlicet de anno domini millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo septimo miserabiliter viguit.
For the remedy of the souls of themselves, their ancestors, and parents, and also of the individual ladies and our sisters of the said monastery, during the mortality or pestilence which recently, namely in the year of our Lord 1357, miserably prevailed.
''Flateyjararannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 405
Mortality in northern Iceland around Mývatn in 1353
mann fall vid Myvatn. halfr niundi tugr mannz i þrimr kirkiu soknum.
Mortality at Mývatn. Nine and a half tenth of people in three church parishes.
''Flateyjararannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888
Great mortality in South Germany (Speyer, Bamberg, Augsburg, Regensburg, Constance, Stuttgart, Grüningen).
Mortalitas sive epithuma fuit in dyocesi Spirensi, Babenbergensi, Augustensi, Ratisponensi et eciam in una parte dyoc. Const. in territorio comitum de Wirtenberg circa Stutgarten et Grüningen.
There was a mortality or disease in the diocese of Speyer, Bamberg, Augsburg, Regensburg and also in a part of the diocese of Konstanz in the area of the dukes of Württemberg around Stuttgart and Grüningen.
1357-00-00-South Germany# QUERY6333d83c866d8692d77beee5ee3cf5da
1357-00-00-South Germany# QUERY467cae3cf658ecfad9105be822cf1937
Many people die of a plague in the monastery of Zwiefalten
In monasterio Zwiweltun multe persone ex pestilencia hominum morientur
In the monastery of Zwiefalten many persons die of a pestilence of men.
1357-00-00-Zwiefalten# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 2, pp. 166-167
Clear weather around Florence causes a common cold with considerable mortality
Essendo dal cominciamento del verno continovato fino a gennaio un’ aria sottilissima, chiara e serena, e mantenuta sanza ravolgimento di nuvoli o di venti, oltre all’ usato naturale modo, per sperienza del fatto si conobbe che da questa aria venne una influenza, che poco meno che tutti i corpi umani della città, e del contado e distretto di Firenze, e delle circustanti vicinanze, fece infreddare, e durare il freddo avelenato ne’ corpi assai più lungamente che ll’ usato modo. E per dieta o per altri argomenti che’ medici [p. 167] sapessono trovare, no potieno avacciare la liberagione, né da quello liberare le loro persone, e molti dopo la lunga malatia ne morivano; e vegnendo apresso la primavera, molti morirono di subitana morte. Dissesi per li astrolaghi che ffu per influenza di costellazioni, altri per troppa sottigliezza d’aria nel tempo della vernata.
From the beginning of winter until the end of January [1358], a gentle weather (air), clear and sunny, persisted without any clouds or winds – very much beyond what is natural. By experience one knew that this weather exterted an influence on all human bodies in the city and the surrounding countryside of Florence, and let them catch a cold. And this poisonous cold stayed in the bodies much longer than usual. And the doctors could not provide a solution from diets and other measures, and many of the persons afflicted died after a long disease. And as spring came close, many died an instant death. The astrologuers said this was because of the influence of constellations, others said because of the subtile air during wintertime.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 300-301
The plague that did harm in Brabant and surroundings in autumn spread in winter and reached Friuli, where it raged until March.
Operazioni della moria In quest'anno l'usata moria dell'anguinaia, la quale nell'autunno passato avea nel Brabante e nelle circustante parti de Reno fatti gran danni, e nel verno si dilatò, e comprese e passò nel Frioli faccendo l'uficio suo per infino al marzo, e parte della Schiavonia, (p. 301) ma non troppo agramente; però ch'enfiando sotto il ditello e l'anguinaia, chi passava il settimo giorno era sicuro; vero è che in sette dì assai ne morivano. Ancora no pigliava le città e le ville comunemente, ma al modo della gragnuola, l'una lasciava stare e ll'altra prendea; e durando dove cominciava dalle venti alle ventidue settimane, molta gente d'ogni generazione trasse a ffine.
Effects of the plague This year (1358) the accustomed inguinal plague, which last autumn did great harm in Brabant and the surrounding parts of the Rhine, spread in winter, reaching and passing through Friuli, where it did its work till March, and part of Schiavonia, but not too violently; if it swelled under the arm or in the groin, any one who survived the seventh day was safe; it is true, however, that within seven days many died. Moreover, it did not generally affect towns and villages, but like a hailstorm it left one place untouched and seized another; and where it began, it lasted from twenty to twenty-two weeks, killing many people of all ages.
1358-00-00-Brabant# QUERY4ccc400a5ddf6a7e0e84e4d1df49c1e7
A plague along the Rhine, in Cologne, with inclement weather, cold in wintern and dearth of foodstuffs.
Eo tempore est facta pestilencia valida in partibus inferioribus et in Colonia et inibi. Eo tempore antequam vindemia inciperet vinum fuit tam preciosum, quod vinum venale non inveniebatur; sed postea statim quando uve erant collecte vinum optimo foro erat, sicut unquam in decem annis antea factum est: ita ego vidi et audivi. Hyeme sequenti Rhenum est compactum circa tres septimanas.
At that time (1358), a severe pestilence occurred in the lower regions and in Cologne and its vicinity. At that time, before the grape harvest began, wine was so precious that it was not available for sale; but afterward, as soon as the grapes were collected, the wine was of the best quality ever seen in the market, as it was never in the past ten years: so I saw and heard. The following winter, the Rhine was frozen for about three weeks.
Template:Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 2, p. 273
Few deaths from febrile illnesses in Florence, but these are entirely without an identifiable trigger
In questi tempi fu ne nostro paese in Valdelsa e in Valdarno, di sotto, e nel Chianti, quasi come l'anno dinanzi passato, generali infertà di terzane, e di quartane, e altre febri di lunga malatia, delle quali pochi morivano. Di ciò si maravigliarono le genti di Valdelsa e di Chianti, perché sono in buone arie e purificate, perché due anni l'uno apresso l'altro fossono maculati di simili infermitadi, no conoscendo alcuna singulare cagione di quello accidente
In these times, in Valdelsa and Valdarno, below, and in Chianti, almost as in the previous year, there were general illnesses of terzane and quartane, and other fevers of long illness, of which few died. The people of Valdelsa and Chianti were astonished by this, because they are in good spirits and purified, because two years ago, one after the other, they were plagued by similar infirmities, not knowing any singular reason for the accident.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 207-208
There was in Tuscany an abundance of fruit. In winter there were colds, in summer tertiary fever. The wine varieties Valdelsa, Chianti and Valdarno had diseases and in France there was a civil war against the nobles.
E ppiù ad aumento di pace in questo anno fu abondanza di tutti i frutti della terra. È vero che furono nel verno malatie di freddo, e nella state molte febri terzane, e semplici e doppie, sicché se lli uomini fer pace delle loro guerre, non di manco li elementi per li peccati sconci delli uomini loro fecero guerra. Nella quale fu da notare che come l'anno passato la Valdelsa, e il Chianti, e il Valdarno furono di molte infertadi gravate e morie, che così nel presente, che ffu mirabile cosa. E perché (p. 208) per queste paci fossono liete molte province, i reame di Francia in questi giorni ebbe grandi e gravi comozioni di popoli contro a' gentili uomini, che molto guastarono il paese, e tre gran compagne di gente d'arme settantrionali conturbarono forte Italia e lla Proenza. Il perché appare che universale pace non può essere nel mondo, come fu al tempo che 'l figliuolo di Dio umana carne della Vergine prese.
And to further increase peace there was abundance of all the fruits of the earth that year. It is true that in winter there were colds, and in summer many tertiary fevers, single and double, so that if men made peace in their wars, the elements still made war on them because of the shameful sins of men. It was remarkable that, as the Valdelsa, the Chianti, and the Valdarno were severely afflicted with many diseases and deaths last year, the same was the case in the present year, which was astonishing. And although many provinces were gladdened by this peace, the kingdom of France in these days experienced great and serious disturbances of the people against the nobles, which greatly devastated the country, and three great hosts of northern warriors greatly troubled Italy and Provence. From this it follows that there can be no universal tranquillity in the world, as there was at the time when the Son of God took on human flesh from the Virgin.
The plague raged in Brussels, Antwerp, Leuven and other cities in Brabant. Flanders was spared, because it was earlier hard affected.
Di mortalità d'Allamagna e Brabante Essendo ancora il braccio di Dio disteso sopra i peccatori no corretti né amendati per li suoi terribili giudici a tutto il mondo palesi, e per gastigalli e riducelli a migliore vita, nel detto anno nel tempo dell'autunno ricominciò coll'usata pistolenzia dell'anguinaia a fragellare il ponente, e molto gravò in Borsella, che del mese d'ottobre e di novembre vi morirono più di millecinquecento borgesi, sanza le femine e' fanciulli, che furono assai. Ad Anguersa, e a lLovana, e nell'altre ville di Brabante il simile fé. Non toccò la Fiandra, perché altra volta n'era molto stata gravata, e però Brabante più ne sentì; e per simile modo avenne nella Magna a Basola, e in altre città e castella infino a Buemia e Praga, le quali dalla prima mortalità non erano state gravate.
On mortality in Germany and Brabant Since the arm of God was still outstretched over the unrepentant and uncorrected sinners, and in order to chastise them by his terrible judgments revealed to the whole world and to lead them back to a better life, the usual plague of the groin began to plague the West again in the autumn of the year mentioned. Brussels was particularly hard hit, where more than 1500 citizens died in October and November, not counting the women and children, who were also numerous. The same thing happened in Antwerp, Leuven and other cities in Brabant. Flanders was not affected, as it had been severely affected earlier, which is why Brabant suffered all the more; it happened in a similar way in Germany in Basel and in other towns and castles as far as Bohemia and Prague, which had not been affected by the first plague.
A plague came to Strasbourg, similar to the previous one, thus a new graveyard had to be built.
Ein sterbote. Do man zalt 1358 jor, do kam ein gemein sterben zu Strosburg uf die selbe zit des jores. daz was nüt also groß alse daz vorder, doch was es nüt vil kleiner. daz kam von Niderlant heruf, do kam das erste von Oberlande herabe. zu disen zwein sterboten gebrast armen luten begrebede zu dem munster, darumbe maht man dernoch einen nüwen lichofe bi der steinhütten. daz geschach in dem jore do man zalt von gotz gebürte 1360 jor.
A dying In the year 1358, a widespread plague came to Strasbourg at the same time of year. It was not as severe as the previous one, but it was not much smaller. This plague came up from the lower land, whereas the first one had come down from the upper land. Due to these two plagues, the burial ground for the poor overflowed, and thus a new graveyard was established near the stone cottage. This happened in the year 1360 according to the counting from the birth of Christ.
A plague which came from the lower land and a new cemetery had to be built.
Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1358 jor, do was ein gros sterbotte zu Strosburg. der kam von Nyderlant heruf und das erste sterben kam von Oberlant herabe. in disem sterbotte gebrast armen lüten begrebede zu dem münster, derumb mahte men dernoch einen nuwen lichof zum münster bi der steinhütten, noch gotz gebürde 1360 jor.
A dying. In the year 1358, a great dying was in Strasbourg, which came from the lower land and the first dying came from the upper land. In this plague burial space for the poor people at the cathedral became full, so in 1360, a new cemetery was created next to the church near the stone houses.
Outbreak of the Pestis secunda in Orvieto, more than 5000 deaths.
De l'anno mille et trecento cinquanta otto del mese di magio si cominciò in Orvieto grandissima mortalità di gente, et del mese di giugno et di luglio sequente sempre venne rinforzanno la mortalità finente il mese di agosto, sì che in Orvieto morì in questo anno molta gente, spetialmente cituli et giovani et giovane, che pochi giacavano amalati. Sí che si trovò in Orvieto, dentro alla città, morirno in questi quattro mesi, infra maschi et femine et grandi et piccholi, più di cinque milia persone, infra li quali morirno assai buoni cittadini notevoli et boni homini. Onde che la città di Orvieto ricevette grandissimo danno di boni cittadini.
In May of 1358 a great mortality of people began in Orvieto, and from the following months of June and July, the mortality rate always increased until the end of the month of August, so that in this year many people died in Orvieto, especially young men and women and young men and women, who were only a few sick. So that in Orvieto, inside the city, more than five thousand people died in these four months, including males and females, young and old, among whom many notable good citizens and good men died, so that the city of Orvieto received great damage from good citizens.
Great mortality in Constance especially along the Danube in Ulm. In addition descriptions of the weather.
Quo eciam mense [July] et precedentibus mortalitas viguit in dyocesi Constant. maxime circa Danubium in Ulma et usque ad lacum in Constantia et aliis locis circum iacentibus. Et duravit ad annum lix. et tunc cepit cessare. Sed a festo sancti Iacobi [25.07.] usque ad annum prescriptum quinquaginta sex scolares in Constancia mortui sunt. Et omnes habuerunt apostemata qui illa pestilencia decesserunt exceptis paucissimis. Et frigus incepit in vigilia [leere Stelle] anni lix. et duravit usque ad purificationem. Et deinceps fuit tempus bonum et temperatum. Et per totum martium nec nix nec frigus fuit sed bene cum serenitate incepit et cum pluvia modica et temperata in fine mensis finivit. Et eius lunacio incepit xiiii. Numero aurei numeri secundum veram computationem que servanda est, nec fallit nisi ad paucas horas precedentis diei. Anno autem lx. erit xv. Et sic ascensive et descensive deinceps, et incipiendum est in ianuario.
In the same month [July] and the preceding months, mortality raged in the diocese of Constance, especially along the Danube in Ulm and as far as Lake Constance in Constance as well as in other neighbouring areas. It lasted until 1359 and then began to subside. However, from the feast of St James [25 July] until that year, fifty-six pupils died in Constance. All those who died from this plague had abscesses, with very few exceptions. And the cold began on the eve of [blank space] of the year 59 and lasted until the Purification. From then on, the weather was good and temperate. Throughout March, there was neither snow nor cold, but it began with clear skies and ended with light and moderate rain at the end of the month. Its lunar phase began on the 14th, according to the golden number, according to the true calculation which must be observed and is only off by a few hours of the previous day. In the year 60, it will be the 15th. And so it continues ascending and descending from then on, and it is to begin in January.
A plague is ravaging Leipzig, the canons of St. Thomas pledge to celebrate a special mass to mitigate god's wrath.
Nos Nicolaus dei gratia praepositus, Nicolaus prior totusque conventus canonicorum regularium sancti Thomae in Lypzk notum esse volumus praesentium tenore inspecturis. Quia deus non est placabilis super nequitia populi nisi peccatores fuerint poenitentia ducti, nos igitur propter peccata nostra in magna miseria pro nunc et pestilentia constituti ad mitigandam iram dei astringimus nos voto speciali ex consensu unanimi, ipsi beatae Mariae virgini singulis sabbatis perpetue summam missam de beata Maria virgine cum omnibus horis canonicis sollemniter celebrari, exclusis apostolicis festis et quatuor temporibus anni vel aliis quae variari non possunt, in honorem eiusdem virginis gloriosae, ut deus propitiatus avertat iram suam a nobis et a miseria nunc regnante. Pro quo voto specialiter gavisius dominus Jacobus noster concanonicus ad habendam memoriam sui et fratrum suorum et omnium propinquorum tam in vita quam in morte pro confirmatione et certa roboratione dicti voti suis sumptibus et propinquorum tegmen dormitorii nostri de novo redintegravavit. In cuius voti testimonium sigilla nostra praesentibus sunt appensa anno domini M°.CCC°.LVIII. in die exaltationis sanctae crucis.
We, Nicholas, by the grace of God provost, Nicholas the prior, and the entire convent of the Canons Regular of Saint Thomas in Leipzig, wish it to be known to all inspecting the present document. Since God is not appeased by the wickedness of the people unless sinners are led to repentance, therefore, on account of our sins, now in great misery and afflicted by pestilence, to mitigate the wrath of God, we bind ourselves by a special vow, with unanimous consent, to solemnly celebrate every Saturday in perpetuity a high Mass of the Blessed Virgin Mary with all canonical hours, excluding apostolic feasts and the four Ember Days of the year or other days that cannot be changed, in honor of the same glorious Virgin, so that God, being propitiated, may turn His wrath away from us and from the present reigning misery. In particular support of this vow, our fellow canon Lord Jacob, rejoicing greatly, for the memory of himself and his brothers and all his kin both in life and in death, for the confirmation and firm establishment of this vow, at his own and his relatives' expense, has newly restored the roof of our dormitory. In testimony of this vow, our seals are affixed to this document in the year of our Lord 1358, on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.
Continuatio Zwetlensis quarta, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 684-689, 688
The Jews were persecuted because they were said to have produced the plague prevailing in many places.
1359 [...] Iudei in magna persecutione habebantur propter pestilenciam qui in aliquibus locis prevaluit, quasi ab illis procedat execra[bi]lis toxicacio.
1359 [...] The Jews had a great persecution because of the pestilence which in many places prevailed. It was virtuall produced by them through abominable poisoning.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 528.
Great plague in the cities by the Baltic Sea, especially long in Stralsund.
698. In deme jare Cristi 1359 des somers was grot stervent in allen steden bi der zee, unde warde to deme Sunde aller lenghest bet na twelften.
698. In the year of Christ 1359 in the summer was a great dying in all cities by the sea, and lasted the longest in Stralsund until after the Twelve Days of Christmas.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 529.
700. In deme somere des sulven jares do was so grot pestilencia to den Melbinghe in Prutzen, dat binnen korter tiid sturven dar wol 13 dusent volkes.
700. In the summer of the same year (1359) there was such a great plague in Melbing in Prussia, that around 13 thousand people died in a short time.
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993, p. 446, no. 4606.
The Bishop of Constance incorporates villages to the monastery of Sankt Gallen as the ongoing plague has killed so many peasants.
Item quod ex epidimia seu hominum mortalitate, que domino permittente in partibus istis hactenus viguit, multitudo colonorum et aliorum hominum ipsius monasterii utriusque sexus ipsis et dicto monasterio iure servitutis pertinencium de hac luce ad dominum migravit.
Likewise, due to the epidemic or mortality among humans, which, with the Lord's permission, has prevailed in these parts until now, a multitude of peasants and other people, both men and women belonging by right of servitude to the monastery itself, have departed from this life to the Lord
DI 19, Stadt Göttingen, Nr. 7 (Werner Arnold), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di019g001k0000709
Inscription on a church bell to protect from plague and famine, probably referring to the Pestis secunda, from a parish church in Göttingen.
+ ANNO · DOMINI · M° · C°C°C° LIX · IN DIE · S(ANCTI) · ODELRITCI + AVE · MARIA · GRACIA · PLENA · DOMINVS · TECVM · B[ENE]DICTA · TV · IN · MVLIERI / BVS · ET · BENEDICTVS · FRVCTVS · VENTRIS · TVI · AMIN · + O · REX · ETERNE · POPVLVM · TV · LEDERE · SPERNE · [FVL]MINE · [PE]STEf) · FAME · / · QVOCIGENS · TINNIT · SONVS · A ME.
In the year of our Lord 1359, on the day of St. Ulrich. Hail Mary, you are full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Amen. O eternal King, spare the people from injury by lightning, pestilence (and) famine, as often as the sound of me is heard.
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993, p. 457458, no. 4623.
The Bishop of Constance incorporates the parish of Kirchberg, SG and its daugther church in Rickenbach, TG to the monastery of Sankt Gallen as the ongoing plague has killed so many peasants.
Item quod ex epidimia seu hominum mortalitate, que domino permittente in partibus istis hactenus viguit, multitudo colonorum et aliorum hominum ipsius monasterii utriusque sexus ipsis et dicto monasterio iure servitutis pertinencium de hac luce ad dominum migravit, adeo quod de pluribus ipsius monasterii possessionibus propter huiusmodi mortalitatem remanentibus incultis census debitos ex eis habere non valent.
Likewise, due to the epidemic or mortality among humans, which, with the Lord's permission, has prevailed in these parts until now, a multitude of peasants and other people, both men and women belonging by right of servitude to the monastery itself, have departed from this life to the Lord, so much so that, because of this mortality, many of the possessions of the monastery itself, remaining uncultivated, cannot pay the due revenues
A plague in Bohemia and the neighbouring areas.
Eo tempore (1359) circa Omnium Sanctorum fuit pestilencia gravis in Bohemia et in partibus Bohemie et circumsitis.
At that time (1359), around All Saints' Day, there was a severe pestilence in Bohemia and in the surrounding regions of Bohemia.
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993, p. 457458, no. 4654
The Bishop of Constance incorporates the church of St. Laurentius in Sankt Gallen to the monastery of Sankt Gallen as the ongoing plague has killed so many peasants.
Devasting plague in Damascus and Cairo. The reason is only known to god and gods will is more powerful than natural influence.
Della grande pistolenzia che percosse li Saracini. In questo anno pestilenzia di febri fu in Damasco e al Caro tanto fuori di modo, che sanza niuno riparo quasi generalmente ogni gente uccidea; il perché si credette che lle province di là rimanessono disolate e sanza abitatore, e sse guari tempo fosse durata avenia. Li morti furono tanti, che stimare numero certo o vicino non si poté. La cagione onde mossa a dDio solo, o ccui lo rivela, è manifesta. La naturale nicissità, la quale surge dalla influenza de' cieli e delle stelle, dà luogo alla nicisità soluta che procede dalla sua volontà.
Of the great plague that struck the Saracens In that year, a fever plague raged so violently in Damascus and Cairo that it carried off almost the entire population without any defence. It was believed that the provinces there would remain devastated and uninhabited if the plague continued for much longer. The number of deaths was so great that it was impossible to make an exact or even approximate estimate. The cause of this plague was known only to God or to those to whom he revealed it. The natural necessity arising from the influence of the heavens and the stars gave way to the divine necessity arising from his will.
Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 2, pp. 514-515.
The passage describes the way in which the plague spread, beginning in England in April and May and then spread to France, Lombardy, Romagne, Marche and Majorca. Matteo Villani criticised the persistence of people in their sins and the forgetting of the Judgement Day.
Della pistolenzia dell'anguinaia ricominciata in diversi paesi del mondo, e di sua operazione. In Inghilterra d'aprile e di maggio si cominciò, e seguitò di giugno e più inanzi, la pistolenzia dell'anguinaia usata, e ffuvi tale e tanta, che nella città di Londra il dì di san Giovanni e 'l seguente morirono più di MCC Cristiani, e in prima e poi per tutta l'isola. Gran fracasso fece per simile ne reame di Francia: nella Proenza trafisse ogni maniera di gente. Vignone corruppe in forma che no vi campava persona: morironvi nove cardinali, e più di VIIC plelati e gran cherici, e popolo inumerabile. E di maggio e giugno si stese e percosse la Lombardia, e prima Commo e Pavia, co tanta roina, che quais le recò in desolazione. In Milano misse il capo, dove altra volta nonn-era stata, e tirò a terra il popolo quasi affatto, con grande orrore e spavento di chi rimanea. Vinegia toccò in più riprese, e tolsele oltre a XXM viventi. La Romagna opressò forte e assai quasi per tutte sue terre, ma ppiù l'una che l'altra, e nell'entrata del verno cominciò a restare i Lombardia, e a gravare la Marca, e lla città d'Agobbio forte premette. L'isola della Maiolica perdé oltre alle tre parti de li abitanti. Né lasciò l'alpi delli Ubaldini sanza macolo per molti de' (p. 514) luoghi suoi. E molti paesi del mondo inn-uno tempo erano di questo pistolenzia corrotti, né già quelli a ccui parea che Dio perdonasse no ritornavano a llui per contrizione, partendosi dalle iniquitadi e dalle prave operazioni ostinate, e come le bestie del macello, veggendo l'altre nelle mani del beccaio col coltello svenare, saltavano liete nella pastura, quasi come a lloro non dovesse toccare, ma più dimenticando li uomini il giudicio divino si davano sfacciatamente alle rapine, alle guerre, e al mantenere compagne contra ogni uomo, alle ingiurie de' prossimi, e alle disoluta vita, e a' mali guadagni assai più che nelli altri tempi, corompendo la speranza della misericordia di Dio per lo male ingegno delle perverse menti; e cciò per manifesta sperienza si vide in tutte le parti del mondo dove la detta pistolenzia mostrò il giudicio di Dio.
On the resurgence of the plague of the groin in various countries of the world and its effects In England, the familiar plague of the abdomen began in April and May and continued through June and beyond. It was so devastating that on St John's Day and the following day, more than 1200 Christians died in the city of London, as well as before and after throughout the island. The plague caused similar chaos in the Kingdom of France; in Provence it affected people of all kinds. In Avignon, it raged so strongly that no one there was spared: nine cardinals died, over 700 prelates and great clerics as well as countless people from the populace. In May and June, it spread to Lombardy, first to Como and Pavia, causing such destruction that these cities were almost depopulated. In Milan, where it had not been before, it caused great damage and decimated almost the entire population, causing great fear and terror among the survivors. Venice was hit in several waves and lost over 20,000 people. Romagna was hit hard, almost all towns were affected, some more than others. At the end of the winter, the plague began to subside in Lombardy, while it hit the Marche hard and put the city of Gubbio under severe pressure. On the island of Majorca, over three quarters of the population died. Even the Alps of the Ubaldini were not spared, and many of their towns were badly hit. At the same time, many countries of the world were afflicted by this plague, and those who believed that God had mercy on them did not return to him through repentance, but persisted in their sins and evil deeds. Like cattle for the slaughter, seeing their fellow animals in the hands of the butcher with a knife, they jumped happily to the pasture as if they would not be hit. But people, forgetting divine judgement, shamelessly indulged in robbery, wars and maintaining gangs against everyone, committing injustice against their neighbours, living a dissolute life and seeking ill-gotten gains, far more than at other times. This corrupted the hope of God's mercy by the evil nature of their perverse minds; and this could be observed in all parts of the world, where the aforementioned plague showed the judgement of God.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 455-456
Throughout the summer clear weather and heat, which leaded to abundant harvest of grain, wine and other crops. High mortality in western parts, but also in Italy many diseases with death, for exampel an epidemic of smallpox among children but also among men and women higher age.
Ancora dello stato del tempo e della moria dell'anguinaia Questo anno fu singulare di continovo sereno tutta la state, e di notabile caldo, e ebbe secondo il lungo tempo secco e caldo comunale ricolta di grano e di vino, e degli altri frutti della terra, ma la moria fu (p. 456) grandissima i molte parti occidentali, come narrato di sopra avemo, e lla Italia ebbe molti infermi di lunghe malatie, ed assai morti; e generale infermità di vaiuolo fu nella state di fanciulli e ne' garzoni, ed eziandio nelli uomini e femine di maggiori etadi, ch'era cosa di stupore e fastidiosa a vedere.
About the weather and the inguinal plague This year was characterised by continuously clear weather throughout the summer, accompanied by remarkable heat. Due to the prolonged drought and heat, the harvest of grain, wine and other crops was abundant. However, mortality was very high in many western parts, as described above, and Italy also had many sick with protracted diseases and numerous deaths. In summer there was a general epidemic of smallpox among children and youths, as well as among men and women of advanced age, which was astonishing and unpleasant to see.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 367.
The second wave of the plague (Black Death?) in Pskov
Того же лѣта [6868] [1] бысть моръ силенъ въ Плесковѣ, и прислаша послове плесковици къ владыцѣ с молбою и челобитьемъ, чтобы, ѣхавши, благословилъ бы еси нас, своих дѣтеи, и владыка, ѣхавъ, благослови их и городъ Пьсковъ съ кресты обходи, и литургии три совръши, прииха в Новъград, а плесковицамъ оттолѣ нача лучши бывати милость божиа, и преста моръ.
The same year [6868] there was a great plague in Pleskov, and the men of Pleskov sent envoys to the Vladyka with prayer and beating of the forehead, that, having come, thou mightest bless us, thy children. And the Vladyka went and blessed them; and went round the town of Pskov with crosses and performed three liturgies and returned to Novgorod; and thenceforward the men of Pleskov were better deserving of God's mercy, and the plague ceased.
Annales Sandivogii, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, pp. 872-880, 880
In this year a great plague broke out in Poland after which all Jews were killed by the Christians in different ways. Some Jews killed themselves and their families.
1360. Fuit magna pestilencia hominum in Polonia. Tunc eodem anno omnes Judey a Christianis necati sunt et occisi, alii vero combusti, alii vero suspensi, alii se ipsos, uxores et filios et filias cum cultellis in gutture necaverunt.
1360. There was a great plague of humans in Poland. Following this, in the same year all Jew were killed and slaughtered by the Christians. Some were burned, some were hanged, some killed themselves and their wives and sons and daughters by cutting their throats with small knives.
Annales Miechoviensis, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 880-896, 886
The mortalitiy in Poland during the reign of King Kazimir the Great (1333-1370) was such that hardly one third of the population remained.
Talis fuit in tota christianitate et maxime in regno Polonie, regnante rege Kazimiro, mortalitas, quod vix tercia pars Christianitatis remanserat et maxime in Cracovia. Que mortalitas imputabatur Iudeis per intoxicationem, qui tunc temporis Cracovie et alias cremabatur.
Such was the moartality in the whole of Christianity and most [severly] in the kingdom of Poland during the reign of King Kazimir, that hardly one third of Christianity remained and it was worst in Cracow. This mortalitiy was credited against the Jews through poisoning. They were at this time burned in Cracow and elsewhere.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 301f.
A vast plague occured in Poland as well as in western kingdoms including those of Hungary and Bohemia. In Poland, it started around the feast of St Michael (Sept. 29) and raged in towns, villages and rural areas. In Cracov 20,000 people fell fictim to it. Generally, more than 50% of the people were killed among all layers of society.
1360. Pestis ingens in Polonia. Cladem apud [Poloniam] acceptam gravior clades, tolerabilior tamen et quae humanis sensibus non poterat refelli, insequta est. Pestis enim epidimitica, sive a Divinitate propter multiplices hominum transgressiones, in ultionis locum immissa, sive a siderum disposicione, constellacione et coniunccione, sive ex quacumque alia ignota accidenti causa in universa fere Occidentis regna ebulliens, etiam Polonie, Hungarie et Bohemie regna, provinciasque eis subiectas et vicinas infecit, adeo quoque in civitates, opida, vicos et rura Regni Poloniae grassata est, ut partem maiorem hominum de singulis statibus in sexu utroque per menses sex, quibus continue diffundebat virus suum, absumpserit. Aput Cracowiensem vero solam urbem viginti hominum milia peste huiusmodi decessisse comperta sunt; aput nonnulla vero opida, vicos et rura tam ingentem stragem dedit, ut omnia ad solitudinem redegerit, sed nec extabant, qui cadentibus et deficientibus officium sepultarae impenderent. Absque exemplo mortalitas ipsa ferebatur provenisse, quoniam maiori parte mortalium deleta, opida et rura vacua habitatoribus cernebantur. Cepit autem pestis praedicta circa festum sancti Michaelis, que per febres, bocios, carbunculos et antraces magnam stragem edidit, et interpellatim, non tamen sine augmento serpendo usque ad medium anni insequentis, et postea ita furiose usque ad tres menses suas dilatavit fimbrias, quod in plerisque locis vix dimidietatem reliquerid gencium, in eo vel maxime a superiori, quae ante annos duodecim provenerat, differens, quod prior plures absumpserat populares, hec plures nobiles et locupletes, pueros et mulieres.
Poland now suffers another and more grievous disaster, though one easier to bear, sent, perhaps, by God to punish mankind's many sins, or the result of some special juxtaposition of the stars, or other unknowm cause, a plague-like epidemic which sweeps through almost every kingdom in the West, including Poland, Hungary and Bohemia. It is so severe in towns and villages that, in the course of six months, it kills the greater part of the population, whatever their station of sex. It is said, that in the city of Cracow alone 20,000 people died and in the villages and settlements the mortality was such that the countryside became a virtual wilderness, in which there were not people enough to bury the dead. It started about St. Michael's Day and lasted until half way through the following year, b which time in many places only half the population remained. It differed from the earlier plague of twelve years before in that the latter's fatalities were meinly among the populace, but this time its victims are among the genty and the well-to-do, who suffere the same fevers, abcesses, carbuncles and boils.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unexpected ( operator.%"]
Note by Nils Birgersson, dean in Uppsala c. 1390–1420 on the black death in Sweden in 1360. Due to the high mortality among children, it was called barnadöden ''(= children’s death)''
Iterum pestilencia fuit magna que vocabatur barnadødh.
Again there was a great pestilence which was called children's death.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2 pp. 448-449.
The plague reappeared in Flanders and one third died of it, especially the common people. In the diocese of Liège more than the half of the people died. It raged especially in these countries, which were spared previously. The passages talks about the symptoms and that in Poland the jews were persecuted and killed, because they were accused of being the reason for the plague.
Come mortalità dell'anguinaia ricominciò in diverse parti del mondo Nonn-è da llasciare in oblazione la moria mirabile dell'anguinaia in questo anno ricominciata, simile a quella che prencipio ebbe nel MCCCXLVIII insino nel MCCCL, come narrammo nel cominciamento del primo libro di questo nostro trattato. Questa pistilenzia ricominciò del mese di maggio in Fiandra, che di largo il terzo de' cittadini e oltra morirono, offendendo più il minuto popolo e povera gente che a' mezzani, maggiori e forestieri, che pochi ne perirono, e duròvi insino all'uscita d'ottobre del detto anno, e così seguitò per l'altra Fiandra. In Brabante toccò poco, e così in Piccardia, ma nel vescovado di Legge fé spaventevole dammaggio, però che lla metà di viventi periro. Dipoi si venne stendendo nella bassa Allamagna toccando non generalmente ogni terra, ma quasi quelle dove prima non avea gravate, e valicò nel Frioli e nella Schiavonia; e ffu di quella medesima infertà d'enfiatura d'anguinaia e sotto il ditello come la prima generale, e ssì era passato dal tempo di quella e suo cominciamento a cquello di questa per ispazio di XIIII anni, e anni X della fine di quella a cquesta, essendo alcuna volta tra questo tempo ritocca ora in uno ora in altro luogo, man non grande come questo anno, certificando li uomini correnti nel male che lla mano di Dio nonn-è stanca né limitata da costellazioni nè dda fisiche ragioni. Adivenne nel Frioli e in (p. 449) Ungheria che lla moria cominciata inn-enfiatura tornò in uscimento di sangue, e poi si convertì in febre, e molti febricosi farnetici, ballando e cantando morivano. E in questi tempi occorse cosa assai degna di nota, che in Pollonia, nelle parti confinanti colle terre dello 'mperio, essendo in esse grandissima quantità di Giudei, li paesani cominciarono a mormorare, dicendo che questa pistolenzia loro venia per li Giudei; onde li Giudei temendo a rre loro mandarono de' loro anziani a cchiederli misercordia, e ffecioli gran doni di muneta, e d'una corona di smisurata valuta; lo re conservare li volea, ma lli popoli furiosi no ssi poterono quietare, ma correndo straboccatamente tra' Giudei, e quasi a ultima consumazione, con ferro e ffuoco oltre a XM Giudei spensono, e alla camera del loro re tutti li loro beni furono incorporati.
How the inguinal plague resurged in different parts of the world It should not go unmentioned that the remarkable death of the plague of the groin reappeared this year, similar to the one that began in 1348 and lasted until 1350, as we reported in the first book of this treatise. This plague began in Flanders in May, where more than a third of the citizens died, and it particularly affected the common people and the poor, while the middle class, the wealthy and foreigners suffered few losses. It lasted there until the end of October of the same year and continued throughout Flanders. In Brabant, few were affected, as in Picardy, but it caused devastating damage in the diocese of Liège, where half the population died. It then spread to Lower Germany, not touching every country but mainly those that had previously been spared, and reached Friuli and Schiavonia. It was the same disease with swellings in the groin and under the arm as the first great plague, and fourteen years had passed from the beginning of the first to this, and ten years from the end of the first to this, during which time the plague sometimes reappeared in one place or another, but never so strongly as this year. This confirmed to men that the hand of God is neither tired nor limited by constellations or physical causes. In Friuli and Hungary the plague began with swellings, then turned into haemorrhages, and finally into fever, and many of those suffering from fever died in delusions, dancing and singing. During these times, a remarkable thing happened in Poland, in the border areas of the empire, where there were large numbers of Jews. The natives began to murmur, saying that this plague was coming through the Jews; so the Jews, in their fear, sent some of their elders to the king to beg for mercy, and they made him great gifts of money and a crown of immeasurable value. The king wanted to protect them, but the enraged people could not be pacified and charged against the Jews, killing more than ten thousand Jews with iron and fire and incorporating all their possessions into the royal chamber.
1360-05-00-Flandern# QUERY4ccc400a5ddf6a7e0e84e4d1df49c1e7
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV, pp. 132–133
Francesco Petrarca does not want to leave Milan, where a severe plague was raging, as he writes to a doctor friend
Illud autem quod ex hox aere semper hactenus laudato, nunc nescio cur infami, me ad patriam tuam saluberrimasque Alpium radices anxius atque solicitus vocas [...] (p. 132) Ut ergo pestem fugiam, que hactenus urbem hanc terruit potiusquam invasit, quot sunt alia, quam diversa mortis spicula, quibus assequitur fugientes et quorum forte plurimis subductum uni caput obicio!
That you are summoning me from this region, which was always praised but is now inexplicably vilified, to your homeland and the splendidly healthy valley floor of the Alps, demonstrates, as always, your faithfulness. [...] (p. 548) How can I escape the plague that has hitherto 'terrified this city more than conquest'? The number of deadly arrows with which it pursues the fleeing is vast, so should I expose my head, which may have barely escaped the multitude, to perhaps just one?
An epidemic in Avignon - with symptoms differing from plague - kills many, seemingly instantaneous, among them clerics and cardinals.
Eo tempore maxime viguet lues horribilis Avinione, ita quod defecerunt minstri palacii pape, et ceciderunt homines mortui ex improviso tam in lectis, in mensis quam in viis et ubilibet; et mortui sunt plures clerici, et octo cardinales obierunt.
At that time, a dreadful plague was rampant in Avignon, to the extent that the attendants of the Pope's palace disappeared, and people fell dead suddenly both in their beds, at their tables, and in the streets and everywhere; and many clerics died, and eight cardinals passed away.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 527
In this year many people in Bohemia died because of a famine and because of a plague.
Eodem anno [...] mortua sunt multa milia hominum per fame et alii ex pestilencia, que adhuc vigebat.
In this year [...] many thousand people died because of famine and others because of a plague which ruled until then.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unrecognized word \"many\"."]
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation, p. 150
A mortality breaks out in France and in England
Isto etiam anno, hyemps fuit satis longua et aspera, vernum tempus callidum et siccum fuit ultra modum, estivale vero fuit satis temperatum. Dira mortalitas in toto regno Francie viguit et in Anglia ubi comes inclitus Sancti Pauli et nonulli alii nobiles et burgenses quos rex Johannes obsides tradiderat diem ultimum signaverunt.
This year the winter has been rather long and cold, spring abnormally dry and hot, summer very temperate. A cruel mortality affected both Kingdoms of France and of England, where some famous barons of Saint-Paul and other noble men or citizens were executed, as hostages, by the order of King John.
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917, pp. 176-179
The pestis secunda is ravaging Venice, France, Spain, Germany, Avignon, Lombardy and Romagna, but sparing Modena, Bologna and Tuscany. Milan suffers a loss of 11.000 people
Dicto millesimo M.ccclxj per totum illum annum in partibus orbis fuit pestilentialis mortalitas valde magna, quae de uno loco ad alium per temporis spacium transibat; fuit etiam dicta mortalitas in civitate Venetiarum, in Francia, in Hispania, in Alemania, in Avenione ubi Papa residebat et in aliquibus partibus Romandiolae et quasi in omnibus civitatibus Lombardiae, quia prout ego Iohannes de Bacano audivi ab aliquibus fide dignis, in civitate Mediolani et eius diocesi inter homines et mulieres plusquam xj. milia personarum ex dicta pestilentia obierunt, ita quod medietas personarum in locis ubi erat pestilentia habitantium et ultra creduntur ex [p. 177] dicta pestilentia decessisse; tamen dicta pestilentia ad civitatem Mutinae nec Bononiae ne in Tuscia nec in aliis multis mundi locis in dicto anno minime pertransivit. Pestilentia autem illa era apostemata pessima, ex quibus personae, ut plurimum, subito vel quasi demigrabant.
In the said year 1361, throughout that entire year, there was a very great plague-induced mortality in parts of the world, which moved from one place to another over a span of time. This mortality was also said to have occurred in the city of Venice, in France, in Spain, in Germany, in Avignon where the Pope resided, and in some parts of Romagna, and in almost all the cities of Lombardy. For, as I, Johannes de Bacano, heard from some trustworthy sources, in the city of Milan and its diocese, more than eleven thousand people, both men and women, died from this plague, so that it is believed that half of the inhabitants in the places where the plague was present and more died from this plague. However, this plague did not pass through the city of Modena, nor Bologna, nor in Tuscany, nor in many other parts of the world in that year. This plague, however, was marked by very bad abscesses, from which most people, suddenly or almost suddenly, perished
Outbreak of the Pestis secunda in Milan and surroundings, but also in Brescia, Cremona, Parma and in Lombardy in general.
Anno autem proxime preterito, estivo tempore, cepit morbus in Mediolano et comitatu invalescere et in tantum Invaluit quod, pretermlssis, ut superìus est dictum, omnibus remediis in civitate Mediolani et suburbiis, brevi tempore mortui sunt lxxvii milia virorum et in comitatu tanti, quod numerus ipsorum non posset describi, propter que multe terre in comitatu ut plurimura vacue sunt dimisse, cuius rei causa Domini Mediolani de ipsa civitate cum universis familiis de civitate ipsa Mediolani' recesserunt ad eorum castra divertendo et eciam civitibus. In quibus civitatibus etiam prefati domini Bernabois infiniti propter morbum perierunt, videlicet in Brixia, Cremona, Parma et in aliis universis terris suis Lumbardie ; cuius rei causa homines depauperati sunt dictorum locorum, non tamen in tantum quantum sunt alii civitatum premissarum domini Galeaz, qui propter descripta deducti sunt ad finem et alia.
In the previous year, during the summer, the disease began to spread and intensify in Milan and its hinterland to such an extent that, despite all remedies being applied, as mentioned earlier, 77,000 men died in the city of Milan and its suburbs in a short time. In the surroundings, so many died that their number could not be recorded, resulting in many lands in the county being largely abandoned. Because of this, the lords of Milan, along with their entire families, left the city and moved to their castles and towns. Even in these cities, countless people belonging to the Lord Bernabò perished due to the disease, notably in Brescia, Cremona, Parma, and other lands in Lombardy. This caused the people in these places to become impoverished, though not to the same extent as those in the cities under Lord Galeazzo, who were brought to ruin as described
Outbreak of an epidemic, that travels eastwards from Piedmont with many deaths
In lo dicto millesimo fu una grande mortalità in queste parte. Cominzò in Piamunti et per le contrade e dessèse a Millano, e morilli oltra che cento milia christiani. [p. 144] Venne oltre a Parma e llì fu grandissima mortalità; et passò oltra, a Rimino, per tucta la Romagna, com fu a Cesena et a Forlì, et a Faenza, et a Ymola ne fu pocha; et finalmente in ogni parte
In the said thousandth year there was a great mortality in these parts. It began in Piedmont and through the districts and went to Milan, and died more than a hundred thousand Christians. [p. 144] It came beyond Parma and there was a great mortality; and it passed beyond, to Rimini, through the whole of Romagna, as it was in Cesena and Forlì, and Faenza, and in Imola there was little; and finally in every part.
Outbreak of the Pestis secunda in Trento.
Item millesimo CCCLXI. fuit pestis et mortalitas in universo mundo non minor prima peste, sed ejusdem naturae non quo ad quantitatem personarum, quae illo tempore non erant tot, quot in prima peste, sed sic subito et eodem modo quo primo moriebantur.
Likewise, in the year 1361, there was a plague and mortality in the entire world, not lesser than the first plague, but of the same nature, not in terms of the number of people, who were not as numerous as during the first plague, but just as sudden and in the same manner as they died during the first plague.
The Pestis secunda hits Avignon worse than the Black Death, with 17.000 victims, including 1000 bishops and five cardinals.
Item eodem anno (1361) invaluit iterato pestilencia Avinione magna, ita quod a festo pasce usque ad pentecosten et ad festum Iacobi apostoli moriebantur ibidem circa septemdecim milia hominum, inter quos fuerunt centum episcopi et quinque cardinales. Et ex hac maior fuit disperacio in curia quam supra de pestilencia, que sub papa Clemente.
Likewise, in the same year (1361), a severe pestilence once again ravaged Avignon, to the extent that from Easter until Pentecost and the feast of St. James the Apostle, around seventeen thousand people died there, among whom were one hundred bishops and five cardinals. And from this, there was greater despair in the court than from the previous pestilence during the time of Pope Clement.
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1361.html (20 April 2020).
A mortality breaks out in Montpellier from May to July. People of all social status die. Sometimes 500 persons die in the same day.
Item, aquel an meteys, fon grant mortalitat en crestiandat et duret a Montpelier per tot may et junh et julh en que moriron motz de bos homes et gran colp d’autra gent, tant que lo y ac mot de jorns que morian Vc personas en tre grans e paucas et riquas e pauras.
In this year occured a great epidemic all across Christianhood. In Montpellier, it lasted from May to July, and many rich and poor people died, so that in some days 500 people died altogether.
1361-05-00-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
A plague in Avignon kills many, among them German clerics.
In Iunio facta est maxima pestilencia et mortalitas in curia Romana Avinione. Tunc obierunt ibi multi clerici Alamani.
In June (1361), the greatest pestilence and mortality occurred in the Roman court in Avignon. Many German clerics died there at that time.
Great mortality in Avignon and Lombardy and Pope Innocent VI. appoints new cardinals, as many former cardinals have died of the plague.
Item quod papa creavit viii cardinales simul. Item eodem mense et anno lxi. xiiii. kal. octobris papa Innocentius vi. creavit octo cardinales nono anno sui pontificatus simul et semel Avinione. Et ibi novem cardinales moriebantur a principio anni lxi. usque ad festum Mathei apostoli et ewangeliste [sept. 21], et centum et quinquaginta episcopi et septem milia hominum: tanta fuit ibi mortalitas. Sed multo maior in Longobardia, maxime in Mediolano.
The pope also appointed eight cardinals at the same time. Also in the same month and year of 1361, on the 14th calends of October [18 September], Pope Innocent VI appointed eight cardinals simultaneously and uniquely in Avignon in the ninth year of his pontificate. Nine cardinals died there from the beginning of the year 1361 until the feast of St Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist [sept. 21], as well as one hundred and fifty bishops and seven thousand people; such was the mortality there. But it was even greater in Lombardy, especially in Milan.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Unrecognized word \"cardinals\"."]
A deadly disease (fanāʾ) hit Cairo, Alexandria and further places in 763 H (October 31, 1361 to October 19, 1362). Many people died.
"In the year 763 AH (1362-1363 AD), a plague struck Egypt, Alexandria, and other places, causing the death of many people. In the year 775 AH (1373-1374 AD), a calamity befell in Ben Saghta. (3) In Ben: many people died. (4) In: the number increased in Ben and decreased elsewhere. (5) Among the original inhabitants, many died, and in Ben, the number increased and decreased elsewhere."
Pestis secunda in Bologna kills many
Pestilentia magna Bononie multos consumpsit.
Outbreak of Pestis secunda in Bologna.
1362 fu una muria in bulogna che pochi ne rimasero.
1362 was a mortality in Bologna that few remained.
Pestis secunda in Bologna and surrounding area
Magna mortalitas fuit in Bononia et comitatu Bononiae et duravit a mense maji usque per totum mensem octobris, et tunc decessit Guidutius Mathae Guidonis de Griffonibus, die XXI septembris, et sepultus fuit ad Sanctum Franciscum
Plague forces troops outside of Brescia to return to Verona
Più la pistilenzia dell'anguinaia avendo aspramente assalito la città di Brescia, ell'oste de' collegati ch'era di fuori, li strinse a partire, e ssi tornarono a Verona, e quindi ciascuna alla terra sua.
The plague hit the city of Brescia so hard that the army of the allies camped outside the city was forced to leave. They returned to Verona, and from there everyone returned to their own homes.
Matteo Villani 1995, vol. 2, pp. 585–586.
Pestis secunda in Italy is explained with weather methaphors with regard to its unclear pattern.
In questi tempi, del mese di giugno e luglio, la usata pistolenzia dell'anguinaia con danno grandissimo percosse la città di Bologna, e tutto il Casentino occupò, salvo che certe ville alle quali perdonò, procedendo quasi in similtudine di grandine, la quale e questo e quel campo pericola, e quello del mezzo [p. 586] quasi perdonando trapassa; e sse similtudine di suo effetto dare si può, se cciò procede dal cielo per mezzo dell'aria corrotta, simile pare alle nuvole rade e spesse, per le quali passi i rraggio del sole, e dove fa sprendere e dove no. Or come che 'l fatto si vada, nel Casentino infino a Decomano nelle terre del conte Ruberto fé grande damaggio d'ogni maniera di gente: toccò Modona e Verona assai, e lla città di Pisa e di Lucca, e in certe parti del contado di Firenze vicine all'alpi, e nelle alpi delli Ubaldini: a' Pisani tolse molti cittadini, ma più soldati. Nell' isola di rodi in questi tempi ha ffatti danni incredibili: e nel MCCCLXII del mese di luglio e d'agosto aspramente assalì l'oste de' collegati di Lombardia sopra la città di Brescia per modo che convenne se ne partisse, e nella città danno fece assai. Nella città di Napoli e in molte terre de Regno, ove assai, e dove poco facea, ove neente. Nelle case vicini a fFegghine cominciò d'ottobre in una ruga, e ll' altre vie non toccò. In Firenze ove in una casa ove in un'altra di rado e poco per infino a calen di dicembre.
In these times, in the months of June and July, the recurring plague of the groin area struck the city of Bologna with great harm and spread throughout the entire Casentino region, except for certain villages which were spared. It proceeded almost in a manner similar to hail, which damages one field and the next but spares the one in the middle; if a comparison to its effect can be made, it seems to proceed from the sky through the corrupted air, similar to sparse and dense clouds, through which the sun's rays pass, shining in some places and not in others. However it happened, in Casentino up to Decomano in the lands of Count Ruberto, it caused great damage to all kinds of people: it affected Modena and Verona significantly, as well as the cities of Pisa and Lucca, and in certain parts of the Florence countryside near the Alps, and in the Ubaldini Alps. It took many citizens from the Pisans, but more soldiers. In the island of Rhodes during these times, it caused incredible damage: and in 1362, in the months of July and August, it harshly attacked the allied army of Lombardy above the city of Brescia to the point that they had to retreat, and it caused considerable damage in the city. In the city of Naples and many lands of the Kingdom, it caused much damage in some places, little in others, and none in others. Near Feghine, it began in October in one street but did not touch the others. In Florence, it affected one house or another rarely and slightly until the beginning of December..
Outbreak of the Pestis secunda in Perugia
Nel predicto anno e millesimo 1362 fu una grande mortalità de peste quasi per tutto el mondo, et in questa nostra cità de Peroscia ce morì molta gente.
In the aforementioned year and in the year 1362, there was a great mortality due to the plague almost all over the world, and in this our city of Perugia, many people died.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 610-611
A plague hit the peasants who fled to Pisa. It was a punishment of God.
[…] e per giunta a' detti mali, li villani de' piani ch'erano rifuggiti in Pisa, e stavansi sotto loro carra lungo le mura, furono assaliti dalla pistilenzia (p. 611) dell'anguinaia, assai ne perirono. E cciò somigliava all'intendenti giudicio di Dio, che dentro e di fuori così gastgasse i corompitori della pace e della fede data per soperchio d'astuta malizia.
[...] and in addition to the evils mentioned, the peasants from the plains who had fled to Pisa and were staying under their carts along the walls were attacked by the inguinal plague (p. 610). Many of them died. This appeared to prudent observers as the judgement of God, who punished both within and without the corrupters of peace and given fidelity for their excessive, cunning wickedness.
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation, p. 152
A mortality breaks out in England, Anjou, Poitou, in spring (?) and summer (?)
In Britania, Pictavia et Andegavia mortalitas viguit generalis.
A mortality raged in Britain, Poitou and Anjou.
1362-00-00-Western France# QUERYafbca72b450abf1c23a90b10285c0192
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986, vol. 3 (1986), p. 259
A deadly disease (wabāʾ) hit Egypt in 764 H (October 20, 1362 to October 9, 1363), the maximum daily death toll reached 2,000. The disease was then transmitted to Greater Syria.
There was a great mortality in almost all of the world.
Statutum synodale Arnesti AEpi..., in: Libiri erectionum, vol. I, ed. Borovy (1873), pp. 39f.
The archbishop of Prague, Arnošt of Pardubice, announces in the statutes of an archiepiscopal synod an indulgence of 40 days for those who sing and take part in a mass against the plague (missa contra pestilentiam) with devotion.
Sane, dilectissimi, pluribus retroactis temporibus saeva pestilencia et nuperrime fames horribiles et valida justo Dei iudicio, ut nostis, innumeros homines peremerunt et nunc iterum ipsa pestilencia terribilis et dira certo rumore volante in vicinis nostris partibus crassatur. [...] eodem die missa contra pestilentiam [...] cum devotione cantetur, cui omnes qui possunt intererunt humiliter misericordiam implorantes divinam, ut jacula pestilentiae a nobis procul amoveat et repellat.
Certainly, beloved ones, in many past times, a cruel pestilence and recently a horrible and powerful famine, through the just judgment of God, as you know, have destroyed innumerable people. And now again, the same dreadful and dire pestilence is spreading in our neighboring regions with a certain rumor flying. [...] On the same day, let the Mass against pestilence [...] be sung with devotion, to which all who can attend humbly implore divine mercy, that the arrows of pestilence may be far removed and repelled from us.
Template:Niccolò da Ferrara 1738, Sp. 843.
Flooding of the Po and outbreak of the Pestis secunda.
In quell'Anno crebbe tanto il fiume Pò a dì 10. di novembre, che affondò gran parte del Ferrarese. In quell' anno e in quel mese incominciò una gran pestilenza di mortalità, della quale quasi per tutto il mondo morirono molti.
In that year, the Po River rose so high on the 10th of November that it flooded a large part of the Ferrara. In that year and month, a great pestilence of mortality began, from which many people died.
Matteo Villani died on the plague and his son Filippo Villani wants to continue his work.
In questi giorni la pistilenza dell'anguinaia prese il componitore di questa opera Matteo, e trovandolo di sobria e temperata natura e vita il dibatté cinque giorni, in fine il dodecimo dì del mese di luglio divotamente rendé l'anima a dDio. Il quale in tanto possiamo dire meritevolemente essere da laudare, in quanto esso co lo stile ch'a llui fu possibile non sofferse che perissono le cose accorse nel mondo per lo tempo che scrive degne di memoria, quindi aparecchiando materia a' più dilicati e alti ingegni di riducere sue ricordanze in più filice e rilevato stile, qui a mme Filippo suo figliuolo lasciando il pensiere di seguitare sue per infino alla pace fatta colli Pisani, per no lasciare la materia intracisa, e così m'ingegnerò di fare la storia di tempo in tempo, coll'altre cose accorse nell'altre parti del mondo le quali a mia notizia perverranno.
It was during these days that the author of this work, Matteo, was taken by the inguinal plague. Although he was of a sober and temperate nature and lifestyle, he struggled with the disease for five days until he finally returned his soul consecrated to God on the twelfth day of July. We can say that he deserves to be praised because, despite his own sufferings and the suffering that happened in the world during his writing period and was worth remembering, he prepared material so that the finer and more discerning minds could rework his memoirs in an appealing and sublime style. Here I will Filippo, his son, who left me the thought of continuing his work until peace with the Pisans, not leave his work unfinished. I shall endeavour to record events at regular intervals and also to report on what is happening in other parts of the world, as and when I become aware of them.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 234
The plague raged in Florence and killed three brothers of the author's father, but in general the plague was less deadly than that of 1348.
Negli anni 1363 fu in Firenze la mortalità pestilenziale†: fu grande e moricci assai giente, ma non agiunse al quarto di danno che quella del ’48 chome che a nnoi fusse tre chotanti piggiore; ché nella detta moria, chome dinanzi n’è memoria, mori tre fratelli di nostro padre, cioè di Pagolo di Bartolomeo nominati Giovanni, Dino e Chalandro: il dì e ‘l tenpo è scritto innanzi.
In 1363 there was a plague-like mortality in Florence: it was great and many people died, but it did not reach a quarter of the damage caused by that of 1348, although it seemed to us three times worse; for during that plague, as mentioned before, three of our father's brothers died, namely Pagolo di Bartolomeo's brothers Giovanni, Dino and Chalandro: the day and time have already been written down before.
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840, p. XXXIII
Great plague in Florence and surroundings
In questo tempo fu grande pistolenzia nella città e contado di Firenze
In this year was a great plague in the city and the surroundings of Florence
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914, p. 46
A son of Matteo died during the plague, others fled to Forlì.
Antonio, l' altro figliuolo che rimase di Matteo, vivette da XV anni ; sì che di lui poco si può scrivere, se non ch' era diverso e di sangue focoso, e temo, fosse andato per vita, avrebbe fatto delle cose ch' avrebbe riscaldato gli orecchi altrui. Morì per la mortalità del 1363, essendo Bernardo e Salvestro a Forlì là fuggiti per la temenza della mortalità ; come molti altri feciono il simile, e chi ne capitò male e chi bene, ma i più bene.
Antonio, Matteo's other son, lived until he was fifteen, so little can be written about him except that he was different and hot-tempered. I fear that if he had lived a longer life, he would have done things that would have made others' ears prick up. He died during the plague in 1363, when Bernardo and Salvestro had fled to Forlì for fear of the plague. Many others did the same, and some were lucky, some were not, but most were lucky.
Matteo Villani 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 661-662
The siege of Montecalvoli was lifted because the plague struck badly the army and the captain was ill as well.
Come morì messer Piero da Farnese Essendo entrata la furia della pistilenza dell'anguinaia ne l'oste de'Fiorentini, molti n'uccise, molti ne 'ndebolì, molti ne 'nvilì. Il perché essendo levato l'assedio da Montecalvoli, per comandamento de' signori di Firenze, il capitano era in Castello Fiorentino, e quivi lo prese il male dell'anguinaia a dì XVIIII di giugno, e il detto dì n'andò a Sa Miniato del Tedesco, e quivi in su la mezza notte passò di questa vita, e il corpo suo inn-una cassa alle spese del Comune fu recato in Firenze, e posato a Verzaia, aspettando Ranuccio (p. 662) suo fratello per cui era mandato; poi a dì XXV del mese il corpo suo fu recato in Firenze alle spese del Comune con amirabile pompa d'asequio, le quali furono di questa maniera… [...]
How Messer Piero da Farnese Died When the fury of the plague struck the Florentine army, it killed many, weakened many, and demoralized many. After the siege of Montecalvoli was lifted on the orders of the lords of Florence, the captain was in Castello Fiorentino, where he was struck by the disease known as "Anguinaia" (plague boils) on June 19th. On that same day, he went to San Miniato al Tedesco, where he passed away around midnight. His body was placed in a coffin at the expense of the Commune and taken to Florence, where it was laid in Verzaia while waiting for his brother Ranuccio, who had been summoned. Then, on the 25th of the month, his body was brought to Florence at the expense of the Commune with remarkable pomp and ceremony, which proceeded in this manner… [...]
The inhabitants of Pistoia wanted the Paio to take place outside the gates of Pisa, which was complicated by the danger of an attack and the plague, but it was done anyway because people wanted to challenge their enemies
[…] Ben furono di tanto animo i Pistolesi, che dissono, in modo fu inteso dal capitano di Pisani, che mai il detto palio non si correbbe se no ssi corresse sulle porte di Pisa, e così adivenne, come si troverà nella scrittura che per li tempi segue. Temettesi forte non si strignessono alla terra, che sanza dubbio a gran pericolo era, sì per lo sùbito asalto, al quale niuna provisione o riparo era fatto, sì per la pestilenzia dell'anguinaia, ch'assai cittadini tolti avea, molti ne tenea in sul letto, e quelli ch'avea tocchi in vita erano fieboli: la troppa voglia ch'ebbono d'impiccare li avisini, e fare le beffe muccerie, loro tolse il consiglio. […]
[...] The people of Pistoia were so determined that they said, as was understood by the captain of the Pisans, that the palio for the said prize would never take place unless it ran all the way to the gates of Pisa. And so it happened, as will be found in the writings that follow from those times. There was a great fear that they might close in on the town, which undoubtedly was a great danger because of the sudden possible attack, for which no precautions or defence measures had been taken, and also because of the plague known as ‘anguinaia’, which was ravaging many citizens, leaving many bedridden and weakening those who were affected but still alive. The strong desire to hang their enemies and make fun of them clouded their judgement [...]
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 9, Warszawa 1978, p. 322
At the end of the year 1363 the plague rages the kingdom of Poland and the provinces in its vicinity. Many people die.
1363. Pestis in Polonia. In fine anni huius epidimie morbus invalescens Regnum Polonie et vicinas provincias vexavit, plurimisque mortalibus sua lue extinctis, opida, vicos, et rura in desercionem diuturnam precipitavit.
1363. Plague in Poland. At the end of the year this deadly epidemic grew stronger and raged in the kingdom of Poland and the neighbouring provinces and many humans were extinguished by it. Towns, villages and rural areas were left deserted for a long time.
Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1363 jor, do kam in dem summer ein sterbotte szo Strosburg, der werte lange.
In 1363, a dying came to Strasbourg in the summer, that lasted long.
A greater and more severe plague than the first one in Würzburg and Franconia.
De alia Pestilentia Anno vero 1363. fuit ibidem in Herbipoli pestilentia secunda maior & grauior prima & etiam quasi in tota Franconia.
Over another plague. In the year 1363, there was a second plague in Würzburg, which was greater and more severe than the first and also nearly in total Franconia.
Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004, Vol. 2 (1994), p. 362.
Great plague in Würzburg and surroundings.
Vnd des selbigen jors ist abermols ain grosser sterbe zu Wirtzburg in der stat vnd vf dem gantzen land herumb gewest vnd sein ser vil leut hinweg gestorben.
And in the same year (1383) was again a great dying in Würzburg in the city and in the surroundings and many people passed away.
The plague raged in Florence, Venice, Padua, Istria, Slavonia, Egypt, Syria and other parts of the Middle East
Della mortalità dell'anguinaia Nel presente mese di giugno, per vere lettere de' mercatanti fu in Firenze come in Egitto, e in Soria, e nell'altre parti di Levante la pistilenzia dell'anguinaia; gravissimamente offendea e in Vinegia, e in Padova, e nell'Istria, e in Ischiavonia, nonistente che i detti luoghi altra volta toccasse. Anche gravemente ritoccò le terre di Toscana, e quasi tutte comprese, e in Firenze, già stata generale tre mesi per tutto giugno con fracasso d'ogni maniera di gente.
The mortality of the inguinal plague In the current month of June, the inguinal plague was reported to be raging in Florence as well as in Egypt, Syria and other parts of the Middle East, according to reliable reports from merchants. It also caused serious damage in Venice, Padua, Istria and Slavonia, although it had already affected these areas at other times. Tuscany was also severely affected again, almost all places were hit, and in Florence, where it had already been affecting every kind of person for three months, the whole of July, with great noise.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 261.
In Florence there was great mortality. For this reason, and because the Pisans were well supplied, the Florentines were attacked by the Pisans who caused great damage.
Rubrica 691a - Come li Pisani cavalcarono, e fecero gran danno d'arsioni e di prede. Negli anni del Signore 1363 li Pisani avendo a memoria la ingiuria ricevuta da'Fiorentini, e stimando ch'eglino si poteano vendicare largamente, sì perchè erano forniti di gente, e che la mortalità era grande in Firenze, si mossero del mese di luglio, e vennorsene a Pistoia lo dì S. Iacopo [25.07.]. Ed indi partiti se ne vennero a S. Donnino e a Campi, ed arsero, e fecero grande danno. E così feciono grandissimo danno di preda e di prigioni e d'arsione, e poi si partirono, e tornaronsi a Pisa con grande festa ed allegrezza; e li Fiorentino il contradio per lo danno ricevuto e per la grande mortalità, ch'era allora in Firenze e per tutto il suo contorno.
Rubrica 691a - How the Pisans rode and caused great damage to weapons and booty. In the year of our Lord 1363, the Pisans, remembering the insult they had received from the Florentines, and reckoning that they could take ample revenge because they were well supplied with men and because the mortality in Florence was great, set out in the month of July and came to Pistoia on the day of St James [25.07.]. And then they travelled on and came to S. Donnino and Campi, plundering and causing great damage. And so they did great damage in spoils and prisons and plundering, and then they departed and returned to Pisa with great feasting and rejoicing; and the Florentines were angry with them because of the damage they had suffered and because of the great mortality that was then in Florence and in the whole neighbourhood.
A mortality breaks out in Paris from June to October. It affects especially children and young people, and among adults, rather men than women.
Anno Domini M° CCC° LXIII°, multis diebus ante et post festum Sancte Trinitatis, hora diei tertia, ubi sol in meridie radios extendit, quedam stella modice apparentie visa fuit que, secundum astrologos et qui ex naturalibus causis eventus futuros prenuntiebant, periclitationem communem mulierum in partu denotabat. Hec tamen et plus stupenda hujus stelle apparitionem sunt secuta ; nam a junii mensis initio usque ad festum Sancti Luce tam dira viguit mortalitas et specialiter puerorum utriusque sexus et juvenum et plus virorum quam mulierum, quod erat stupendum visu et auditu. Senes etiam, pauci aspectu juvenum, obierunt unde quando pestis illa apostematum hospitium aliquod subintrabat, primo moriebantur infantes tenelli, deinde familia et parentes vel alter eorum et quod mirum erat, hodie erant sani et jocundi et infra triduum vel biduum decedebant.
In year 1363, a star appeared several days around the Trinity day (28 May), at the 3rd hour of the day, when the sun is in the South. According to astrologers and other experts of predictions with natural events, this star signified hardships to come especially for pregnant women. Several remarkable events followed this apparition. Actually, from the beginning of June to St Luke day (18 October), a cruel mortality broke out, especially among children and young adult of both gender, and among men rather than women. It was marvelous to see and to ear of such an event. Old persons actually died without the young paying much attention to it, but when the plague was effectively entered in a house, the children died first, and then the parents and all relatives. Astonishingly, people were fit on one day, and dead only two or three days after.
Pestis secunda in Florence and refugees to Bologna, since August Pestis secunda even in Padua, Ferrara and Venice
Et in quisti dì [Juli] era in Fiorenza una grandissima mortalità, per tucta la Toschana; che venne in Bologna assai Thoschani, per ussire della morìa. ''[...] [p. 167] ''Ancora in lo dicto millesimo si fu una grandissima mortalità a Ferara, a Padoa, a Vinesia. Et deti sapere che l'anno passado la gli era stata grande; et per quello che se diseva ogni homo, l'era mortalità et guerra et per tucta la christianitade; et fu in molte terre de za che la gli fu doe volte, zoè in la più parte.
And in these days [July] there was in Florence a very great mortality, for all of Tuscany; that many Thoskans came to Bologna, to get away from the death ... [p. 167] Still in the said thousand year, there was a very great mortality in Ferara, in Padua, in Venice. And you should know that last year there was great mortality; and for what every man said, there was mortality and war and for the whole of Christianity; and in many lands it was twice, that is, in the most part.
Pestis secunda in Pisa, which is explained through astrometeorology and description of the symptoms of the plague.
Innel ditto anno milletrecentosessantatré Pisa ebe due grandissimi affanni, cioè guerra e mortalità di gente, grandi e picciuli, maschi e femmine. La morìa fue grande, e 'ncomincciò (p. 187) la morìa del mese di luglio e durò sine a novembre, e moritte molti padri di famigla, tra i quali molti grandi mercanti cittadini e altri assai. E moriano di male di bolle e di soditelli e di anguinaie e di tinchoni e di faoni, e non ffu casa in Pisa né in del suo contado che nnon ritrovasse e quale trovò inel tutto che non vvi rimase persona. E duroè la ditta morìa mesi sei. E li fiorentini ardendo in quello tenpo lo contado, ma ellino non sentiano in quello anno di morìa, ma poi tocchò a lloro. Questa morìa fue sotto la pianeta di Saturno, la qual pianeta pena a ffare lo suo corso anni trenta, e ppoi che ella inchomincciò non restò mai, che ella non cerchasse lo mondo per ogni cità e castella e contado di tenpo in tenpo. E ciercoè Pisa in quindici, 15, anni due volte, senssa l'autro di queste due moriè. Fue la prima del milletrecientosessantatré, 1363, che àe anni quindici, 15, l'una dall'una morìa all'autra, e di questa segonda ne moritta in Pisa più della metà delle persone.
In the said year one thousand three hundred and sixty-three, Pisa suffered two very great afflictions, that is, war and mortality of people, great and small, male and female. The death rate was great, and it began (p. 187) in the month of July and lasted until November, and many fathers of families died, among whom were many great merchant citizens and many others. And they died of blisters and sodomy and anguinaie and tinchoni and faoni, and there was no house in Pisa nor in its countryside that was not found, and which found in all that there was no person left. And the company died for six months. And the Florentines burned the countryside at that time, but they did not hear in that year of his death, but then it was their turn. This death took place under the planet of Saturn, which took thirty years to make its course, and after its fall there never remained that it did not search the world for every city, castle and countryside from time to time. And ciercoè Pisa in fifteen, fifteen, years twice, without the other of these two deaths. Fue la prima del , 1363, che àe anni quindici, 15, l'altra morìa all'altra, e di questa segonda ne moritta in Pisa più della metà delle persone. Template:TN
Outbreak of plague in Mainz and other places.
Postea circa festum Michaelis facta est pestilencia in Maguncia et aliis multis locis.
Later, around the feast of Michaelmas, a pestilence occurred in Mainz and many other places.
1363-09-29-Mainz# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 12
[6872] Бысть моръ великъ въ Новѣгородѣ въ Нижемъ: хракаху людiе кровiю, а инiи желѣзою бoляху, и не долго боляху, но два дни или три, а инiи единъ день болѣвше умираху, и толико множество бѣ мертвыхъ, [яко не успѣваху живые мертвыхъ] погребати.
(1364) There was a great epidemic in Nizhny Novgorod: people were coughing up blood, and others were ill because of a bubos infection, and they didn't stay ill for long, two or three days, and others suffered and died for one day, and there was such a huge number of dead that the living couldn't handle burying the dead.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ
1364 Nizhny Novgorod# QUERY8cdbdf57c85498e57798cf7b98cd0f5c
На тү же ѡсень [6872] моръ бы(с)[ть] на Костромѣ и въ Ӕрославлѣ.[1]
In the autumn[1364] the epidemic was in Kostroma and Yaroslavl.[2]
The Pestis tertia affects Lucca and Pisa
Dio, che tutto sa, vedendo che la guerra, aspra e cattiva, tendeva a crescere invece di finire, decretò di mandare un'epidemia che servisse a frenare la furia di guerra. E così mandò l'epidemia in Lucca, in Pisa e in gran parte della Toscana; e cominciò in Pisa ed in Lucca, e molti morirono, sopratutto fanciulli dai quindici anni in giù, e l'epidemia duro quasi un anno..
God, who knows everything, seeing that the war, harsh and wicked, was tending to grow instead of ending, decreed to send an epidemic to curb the fury of war. And so He sent the epidemic to Lucca, Pisa, and much of Tuscany; it began in Pisa and Lucca, and many died, especially children fifteen years old and younger, and the epidemic lasted almost a year..
Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 533
На то же лѣто [6872] моръ бы(с)[ть] в Новѣгородѣ в Нижнѣмъ.
This summer 1364 the epidemic was in Nizhny Novgorod.
1364-00-00-Nizhny Novgorod# QUERY8cdbdf57c85498e57798cf7b98cd0f5c
A great plague (Black Death) in Nizhny Novgorod and Pereyaslavl (Zalessky).
B лѣтo 6872 быcть моръ великъ в Hoвѣгopoдѣ Hижнемъ, xpaкaxy людiе кpoвью, a инiи железою боляxy, и не долго боляxy, но два дни или три, a инiи единъ день поболѣвше, умирaxy, и толико множество бѣ мертвыxъ, яко не ycпѣвaxy живiи погребати иxъ. Toe же oceни мѣсяца Oктября 23 прествися князь Иванъ Иванoвичъ, братъ великого князя Дмитрея, и положенъ быcть въ apxaггелѣ на Mocквѣ. Toe же oceни и тоѣ и зимы быcть нa люди мopъ великъ въ Пepecлавли, на день умирашe человѣкъ 20 или 30, иногда же 60 или 70, a иногда и до ста и боле. Болеcтъ же бѣ сица: преже яко poгатиною ударитъ за лопaтку или под груди или межи крилъ, и тако paзболѣвъся человѣкъ начнет кровью xpaкaти, и огнь зажжетъ и потомъ потъ, таже дрожь, и полежавъ eдинъ день или два, a pѣтко того кои 3 дни, и тако умиpaxy.
In the year 1364 there was a great plague in Nizhny Novgorod, people were coughing/spitting blood, and others suffered from ulceration/swelling of the glands, and soon they fell ill, barely two or three days, and others, after being sick for one day, died. And there were so many dead that the living couldn't bury them. That autumn, in the month of October, on the 23rd [day], Prince Ivan Ivanovich, brother of Grand Duke Dmitry, died and was laid to rest with the Archangel in Moscow. That fall and winter there was a great plague among people in Pereyaslavl [Zalessky], 20 or 30 people died a day, sometimes 60 or 70, and up to a hundred or more. The disease was as follows: first, it was like being hit by bear spear behind the shoulder blade, under the breast, or between the collarbones. And when he gets sick, he starts spitting blood and [as if] a burning fire, then he sweats, then he gets chills. And after lying for one or two days, rarely for three days, they still die.
1364-00-00-Nizhny Novgorod Sim# QUERY8cdbdf57c85498e57798cf7b98cd0f5c
На тү же зимү [6872] и веснү [68873] моръ бы(с)[ть] в Переӕславли.
In the winter 1364/1365 and spring 1365 the epidemic was in Pereyaslavl.
Black death in Pereyaslavl. How the black death spread in Rus.
[6872] Тое же осени и той зимы бысть на люди моръ великъ: въ Перецлавле на день умираше человѣкъ 20 или 30, иногда 60 или 70, а иногда 100 и болѣ. Болѣсть же бѣ сице: преже яко рогатиною ударить за лопатку, или подъ груди, или межъ крилъ, и тако розболѣвся человѣкъ начнетъ кровiю хракати и огнъ зажжетъ, и потомъ потъ, таже дрожъ, и полежавъ единъ день или два , а рѣтко того кои 3 дни, и тако умираху; а инiи желѣзою умираху, желѣза же не у всякого бываше въ единомъ мѣстѣ: но овому на шеѣ, а иному подъ скулою, а иному подъ пазухою, другому за лопаткою, прочимъ же на стегнехъ. Бысть се не токмо въ единомъ градѣ Переславлѣ, но и во всѣхъ предѣлехъ его. Приде же сiа казнь, послана отъ Бога на люди, съ низу отъ Бездежа къ Новугороду къ Нижнему и оттолѣ къ Коломнѣ, таже къ Переславлю, потомъ же на другое лѣто къ Москвѣ; таже и по всѣмъ градомъ и странамъ бысть моъ великъ и страшенъ, не успѣваху бо живый мертвыхъ опрятывати, вездѣ бо бѣ мертвiи: въ градехъ и въ селѣхъ, въ домехъ и у церквей, и бѣ туга и скоробь и плачь неутѣшимъ; мало бо бѣ живыхъ, но все мертвiи, и погребаху же въ едину яму 5 или 6 мертвыхъ, а индѣ 10 и болѣ; а дворы мнози пусти быша, а въ иныхъ единъ остався или два, ли женескъ полъ, или мужескъ, или отроча мало.
That autumn and that winter there was a great epidemic among the people: in Pereyaslavl people were dying 20 or 30 a day, and sometimes 60 or 70, and sometimes 100 or more. And the sickness was like this: as if a rogatina (bear spear) hit them behind the shoulder, or in the breast, or in the shoulder and when they got sick they started coughing blood and burning a fire[1], and then they sweated and shivered and lay there for a day or two, and rarely three days, and so they died; and others died because of the bubos, and the bubos were not in the same places in everyone: some on the neck, others under the cheek, others in the sinus area, others behind the shoulders, others on the thighs. All this was happening not only in the city of Pereyaslavl itself, but across its territory. And this doom came, sent from God upon the people, from the south from Bezezh to Novgorod, and then to Kolomna, and then to Pereyaslavl, and then for the next year to Moscow, and in all cities and lands there was a great and terrible epidemy, for they could not keep up with the living to bury the dead, for there were dead everywhere: in the cities and in the villages, in the houses and in the churches, and there was hardship and sorrow and weeping inconsolable; for there were few alive, but all dead, and five or six dead were buried in the pits, and sometimes ten and more; many mansions were empty, and in others there were one or two survivors, woman or man or few children.
1364-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia MLSKXVv
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 182.
A great plague (Black Death) in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia.
B лѣтo 6872. Быcть моръ великъ в Hoвѣгopoдѣ Hижнемъ, xpaкaxy людие кpoвью, a инии железою боляxy, и не долго боляxy, но два дни или три, a инии единъ день поболѣвше умирaxy. И толко множество бѣ мертвыx, яко не ycпевaxy живии погребати иxъ. Toe же oceни мѣсяца октября 23 прествися князь Иванъ Иванoвичъ, братъ великого князя Дмитрея, и положенъ быcть въ Apxaггелѣ на Mocквѣ. Toe же oceни и тоѣ же зимы быcть нa люди мopъ великъ в Пepecлавли, на день умираша человѣкъ 20 или 30, иногда же 60 или 70, a иногда и до ста и боле. Болеcтъ же бѣ сица: преже яко poгатиною ударитъ за лопaтку или под груди или меж крилъ, и тако paзболѣвъся человѣкъ начнет кровью xpaxaти и огнь зазжьжетъ и потомъ потъ, та же дрожь, и полежавъ eдинъ день или два, a pѣтко того кои 3 дни, и тако умиpaxy, a инии желѣзою умиpaxy. Желѣзa же не y всякого бываше въ единомъ мѣстѣ, но оному на шиe, a иному под скулою, a иному под пазухою, дрyгому за лопадкою, прочимъ же на стегнехъ. Быcть же cие не токмо въ единомъ гpaдѣ Пepecлавли, но и въ всѣхъ прeдѣлex eгo. Приидe же сия казнь, послана отъ бога на люди, снизy от Бездѣжа к Hoвyгopoдy Hижнемy и оттолѣ къ Koломнѣ, та же к Пepecлавлю, по томъ же на дpyгoe лѣто к Мocквѣ, та же и по всѣмъ градомъ и странaмъ быcть мopъ великъ и страшенъ, не ycпевaxy бо живии мepтвыx oпрятывати, вездѣ бo бѣ мepтвии въ градѣхъ и в сѣлex, въ домaxъ и церквеи. И бѣ туга и скорбь и плач неутѣшим, мало бo бѣ живых, но вce мepтвии. Погрѣбaxy же въ едину яму 5 и 6 мepтвыxъ, a индѣ 10 и боле, a дворы мнози пусты бышa, a въ иныхъ единъ ocтacя или двa, ли женескъ пол, ли мужескъ, или отpoчa мaлo.
There was a great plague in Nizhny Novgorod, people were coughing/spitting blood, and others suffered from ulceration/swelling of the glands, and soon they fell ill, barely two or three days, and others, after being sick for one day, died. And there were so many dead that the living couldn't bury them. That autumn, in the month of October, on the 23rd [day], Prince Ivan Ivanovich, brother of Grand Duke Dmitry, died and was laid to rest with the Archangel in Moscow. That fall and winter there was a great plague among people in Pereyaslavl (Zaleski), 20 or 30 people died a day, sometimes 60 or 70, and up to a hundred or more. The disease was as follows: first, it was like being hit by bear spear behind the shoulder blade, under the breast, or between the collarbones. And when he gets sick, he starts spitting blood and [as if] a burning fire, then he sweats, then he gets chills. And after lying for one or two days, rarely for three days, they still die, while others die because of swelling/blisters. The swelling/blisters [occurred] differently, for some it was on the neck, for another it was under the cheekbone, for another it was under the armpit, for another it was behind the shoulder blade, for another it was on the tendons. This was not only in the single town of Pereyaslavl, but also in all its estates. This punishment sent by God to men came from the lower side [from the south] from Bezdiezh[1] to Nizhnyi Novgorod, and from there to Kolomna and also to Pereyaslavl. Then in the second year there was a great and terrible plague in Moscow and in all the towns and regions. The living were unable to prepare the dead for burial, because there were dead everywhere, in towns and villages, in houses and in churches. And there was misery and pain and inconsolable weeping, for there were few living, because they were all dead. In one pit they buried 5 and 6 dead, and in another 10 or more, and many manors were empty, while in others one or two remained, either women or men, or few children.
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Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 102–103.
A great plague (Pestis secunda) in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia.
B лѣтa 6872[1]гнѣвомъ Божимъ зa yмноженie грѣxъ нaшиxъ,быcть моръ cилeнъ великъ нa люди въ Hoвѣгopoдѣ въ Hижнемъ, нa yѣздe и нa Capy, и нa Kиши, и пo cтpaнaмъ и пo вoлocтeмъ, oвiи xpaкaxy кpoвiю, a дpyзiи железою, и не долго боляxy, но два дни или три, или единъ день поболѣвше, тaкo умирaxy; нa всякъ жe дeнь мнoзи умирaxy, и толико множество иxъ, яко не пocпѣвaxy живiи мертвыx погребати. Toe же oceни мѣсяца Oктября въ 23 прествися князь Иванъ Иванoвичъ, братъ князя великaго Дмитрея Иванoвичa, и положенъ быcть въ цepкви cвятoгo apxaaггелѣ на Mocквѣ. Toe же oceни и тоe же зимы быcть мopъ великъ нa люди въ гpaдѣ Пepeяcлавли, мepли люди пo мнoгy на день, пo 20, пo 30 на день, иногда на день 60, 70 человѣкъ, a иногды 100, a тaкoвы дни были же пoбoлѣ cтa на день человѣкъ yмиpaлo; a болеcтъ былa тaкoвa: преже кaкъ poгатиною ударитъ за лопaтку или пpoтивy cepдцa подъ груди или пpoмежъ крилъ, и paзболится человѣкъ, и начнеть кровiю xpaкaти и огнь paзбьетъ, и по ceмъ потъ, потoмъ дрожь имeть, и тако въ бoлecти полежавъ, oвiи день eдинъ поболѣвше умиpaxy, a дpyзiи два дни; a инiи 3 дни, преже мopъ былъ кpoвию xpaчющe мepли, потoмъ железою paзбoлѣвшecя, ти тaкoжe два дни или 3 дни полежавшe умиpaxy; желѣзa же не eдинaкo, но иному на шee, a иному на стегнѣ, oвому подъ пазухою, oвому же подъ скулою, иному же за лопаткою. Не токмо же въ гpaдѣ Пepeяcлавлѣ былo ce, но и пo всѣмъ вoлocтeмъ Пepeяcлавлcкимъ былъ мopъ, и пo ceлoмъ и пo пoгocтoмъ; и пo мaнacтыpeмъ, a преже тoгo былъ мopъ въ Hoвѣгopoдѣ въ Hижнемъ, a пришoлъ съ Низy отъ Бездeжа[2] въ Hoвгopoдъ Hижнiи, и оттолѣ нa Koломнy, нa дpyгoe лѣтo въ Пepeяcлавлъ, a отъ Пepeяcлавля на дpyгoe лѣто нa Мocквy. Такo въ всѣxъ градѣxъ и странaxъ и въ всѣxъ пpeдѣлaxъ иxъ быль мopъ великыи страшныи. Увы мнѣ! Кaкo мoгy cкaзaти бѣдy тy гpoзнyю и тyгy страшнyю, бывшyю въ великiи мopъ, кaкo вeздѣ тyгa и пeчaлъ гopкaя, плaчь и pыдaнie, и кpикъ, и вoпль, cлeзы нeyтѣшимы; плaкaxycя живыи мepтвыxъ, пoнeжe yмнoжишacя мнoжecтвo мepтвыxъ, и въ градѣхъ мepтвия, и въ сeлexъ, и въ домѣxъ мpътвыя, и въ xpaмѣxъ в y церквеи мepтвыя, мнoгo жe мepтвыxъ, a мало живыхъ, тѣмъ не ycпѣвaxy живiи мepтвыx oпрятывати, нижe дoвoлни бяxy здpaви и дecятepымъ бoлeмъ нa пoтpeбy дa пocлyжитъ. Погрѣбaxy же oвoгдa двa, тpи въ eдинy мoгилy, oвoгдa же 5, 6, инoгдa дo дecяти, ecть же дpyгoици eгдa бoлѣ 10 въ eдинy мoгилy пoклaдaxy, a въ дворѣ индѣ eдинъ чeлoвѣкъ ocтacя, a индѣ мнoзи дворы пусты бѣшa.
In the year 1364, because of the wrath of God [caused by] the multiplication of our sins, there was a very severe plague in Nizhny Novgorod, in the region and in Sara, and in Kisha, and in the surrounding areas and estates, some spit blood, and others [appeared] ulcers, and did not they were sick for a long time, two or three days, or one, and then they died. Many people died every day, and there were so many of them that they were unable to bury the dead alive. This fall, in the month of October, on the 23rd, Prince Ivan Ivanovich, brother of Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, died and was buried in the Church of the Holy Archangel in Moscow. That autumn and that winter there was a great plague among the people in the town of Pereyaslav, many people died a day, 20, 30 a day, sometimes 60, 70 people a day, sometimes 100, and there were days when over a hundred people died. died every day. And the disease was as follows: first, it was like being hit behind the shoulder blade or opposite the heart, under the breast or between the shoulder blades, and the person became sick and started spitting blood and a fire was kindled [in the body], and then he sweated, then he got chills, and so on in pain. lying there, these were sick for one day, and others died for two days, and others for three days. At first the plague was such that they died spitting blood, then they became sick with ulcers and lay in bed for two or three days and died. The ulcers were not the same, but in one it was on the neck, in another on the tendons, in this one under the armpit, in this one under the cheekbone, in another behind the shoulder blade. There was this plague not only in the town of Pereyaslavl, but also in all Pereyaslavl estates, in villages, in rural tax districts, and in monasteries. And before that there was a plague in Nizhny Novgorod, and it came from Niz, from Bezdezh to Nizhny Novgorod, and from there to Kolomna, and the next year to Pereyaslavl, and from Pereyaslavl for the second year to Moscow. So in all the cities and provinces and in all their districts there was a very terrible plague. Oh wretched me! How can I tell about this terrible poverty and terrible weakness that occurred during the great plague, when everywhere there is weakness and bitter sadness, weeping and sobbing, screaming and calling for help, inconsolable tears; the living mourned for the dead, for the dead were multiplied in multitude, dead in the towns, and in the villages, and in the houses, and in the farmsteads, and dead in the churches, and many dead, and few living. Therefore, they were unable to prepare the living dead for burial; they had to be able to stay healthy and serve ten sick people in need. Sometimes they buried two or three in one grave, sometimes 5 or 6, sometimes up to ten, and there were others where they buried more than 10 in one grave. And sometimes one man stayed in the manor, and in other places the manors were [completely] empty.
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Outbreak of plague in Mainz, with 6.000 vicitms, and along the Rhine.
Item viguit magna pestilencia circa Rhenum durans pene ad festum Marci euangeliste, et mortui sunt in civitate Moguncia sex milia hominum in hac pestilencia et ..
Likewise, a great pestilence ravaged the Rhine region, lasting almost until the feast of St. Mark the Evangelist, and six thousand people died in the city of Mainz during this pestilence.
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Pestis tertia in Erfurt kills 42 nuns.
Anno domini 1365 pestilentia magna fuit, ita ut Erfordiae in claustro novi operis a vigilia Petri ad vincula usque ad vigiliam XI milium virginum XLII virgines morerentur, quarum animae sint in domino.
In the year of our Lord 1365 there was a great pestilence, so that in Erfurt in the newly built monastery from the vigil of St. Peter in chains to the vigil of 11.000 virigns 42 nuns died, and their souls are with the Lord.
The pestis tertia strikes Limburg and Central Germany, mortality is lower than in the previous plague waves, but the local count, Gerlach of Limburg, dies.
Item da man schreip dusent druhondert unde funf unde seszig jar als vur, da was daz große drette sterben. Unde was daz sterben meßlicher dan di ersten sterben, also daz si mit zehen oder zwelf menschen den dag storben in steden als Limpurg unde dem glich sint. Unde starp her Gerlach herre zu Limpurg.
In the year 1365, there was the great third dying. This dying was more moderate than the first two, so that people died at a rate of ten or twelve per day in cities such as Limburg and similar places. And Lord Gerlach, the lord of Limburg, died.
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Limburger Chronik 1883, Limburger Annalen, p. 112.
Item in eodem anno erat tercia pestilencia et minima.
Also, in the same year (1365), there was a third and relatively minor pestilence.
На тү же ѡсень [6873] моръ бы(с)[ть] в Ростовѣ.
In the autumn (1365) the epidemic was in Rostov.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 489-490.
Price increase and plague during the stay of Englishmen in the Alsace region
Türunge. Donoch in den andern joren kam missewahs und müse die die fruht verossent, das diese türunge wol 6 jor annander werte. und wenne korn underwilen abe fluog in einre ernen, daz ein viertel kam an 8 sol. oder an 10 sol. d., so sluog es in dem jore wider uf, also das ein viertel kornes die 6 jor gewonlichen galt 10 sol. Oder 12 sol. und dicke ein pfunt oder 18 sol. Darzuo koment ouch sterbotte, also daz noch disen [p. 490] Englendern vil unglückes kam in Elsas. aber noch den andern Engelendern die darnoch koment über zehen jor, kam kein breste noch türunge, wie wol es ein grosser volg was und lunger in dem lande logent denne die vördern Engelender. und von den selben andern Engelendern wurt hernoch geseit in dem fünften capitel.
Price increase. After that, in the following years, there was a poor harvest, and the crops were ruined, so that this price increase lasted for about six years in a row. And when grain sometimes fell in price during a harvest, so that a quarter of it cost 8 or 10 shillings, it would rise again that same year, so that a quarter of grain, which usually cost 10 or 12 shillings during those six years, sometimes reached a pound or 18 shillings. Additionally, there was also a plague, so that after the Englishmen great misfortune befell the Alsace. But in the years following the other Englishmen, who came over the next ten years, there was no more plague or price increase, although it was a great people, and they stayed longer then the first Englishmen. More about those other Englishmen will be mentioned in the fifth chapter.
A lunar eclipse on 8th of February (actually [https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/1301-1400/LE1365-02-06N.gif 6th]) predicts cold and wind; almost all people fall ill with fever and cough, affects wide regions like Apulia, Bologna, Marche, Tuscia and Lombardy
Ancora, adì 8 de febraro, la nocte vegnando, la luna divenne tucta sanguinea per assai volte, et ancho si mostrò schura, zoè negra; et durò per spazio d'uno quarto d'una ora o più. Et per questo accidente, a quisti dì, si fu uno fiero et forte tempo, cum grandi venti et grande zelo: et si fu una sì fiera pestilenza de fredo nelle persone de' christiani, cum grande febre et tosse et male assai; et si n'è stadi de morti alchuna parte per questa malatia, et si se pò dire che non rimase nessuno, generalmente, che non sentisse la malatia. Et questo fu per tucte le parte, zoè in la Puglia et in la Marcha, in Thoscana, in Romagna, in Lombardia, et generalmente per tucto; et questo comminzò de febraro et durò di fine al mese marzo, che fu chossì grande et forte tempo et grande malatia
Again, on 8 February, when the night was coming, the moon became completely bloody for many times, and it also became dark, that is, black; and it lasted for a quarter of an hour or more. And for this reason, on this day, there was a fierce and strong weather, with great winds and great zeal: and there was such a fierce plague of cold in the people of the Christians, with great fever and coughing and much evil; and there were many deaths from this disease, and it can be said that there was no one left, in general, who did not feel the sickness. [...]
Plague outbreak in the Romagna, very close to Bologna
Ancora fu una grande mortaligha per tucta la Romagna, et quasi poca gente gli rimase; inperò che per l'altre morìe che erano state, tanti gli ne morì, che mo pochi n'è romasi; et anche uno pocho da parte ne tochò in Bologna. Tucta fu de la malizia usata
Again, there was a great death in the whole of Romagna, and almost few people were left; however, because of the other deaths that had taken place, so many died, that there are now only a few Romans; and even a few died in Bologna. All of them were of the malice used
Outbreak of plague in Cologne, in Westphalia and Hesse.
In mense Octobri (1365) et infra vel citra sicut hucusque insanuit pestilencia inguinaria, sed maxime in Colonia, in Westvalia, in Hassia et in multis aliis partibus circumcirca.
In the month of October (1365) and in the months before or after, as the groin pestilence has raged so far, but mainly in Cologne, in Westphalia, in Hesse, and in many other surrounding parts.
A Muslim woman who had been taken prisoner by the Franks who had seized Alexandria in October 1365 reportedly related that after the Franks had withdrawn from the city [around October 12], an epidemic (wabāʾ) broke out among its inhabitants. The disease was caused by an odor that altered the air and by the smell emanating from the bodies of those who had been killed during the conquest and whose corpses had been lying around for too long. The maximum daily death toll exceeded 100. The woman, then, began to work as a washer of female corpses in order to earn a living.
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914, p. 53
Great cold in Florence and other parts of the world with many deaths.
La detta Cara si maritò in prima a uno Bartolommeo di … [empty] e stette collui forse tre dì ; e per lo scruttino che si fece de' Priori nel 1366, nel quale tempo fu uno grande freddo, e la maggiore parte de' cittadini furono infreddati, e molti ne morirono, la quale freddura e ricadia fu in molti parti del mondo, il detto Bartolommeo ne morì.
The aforementioned Cara first married a Bartolommeo of ... and stayed with him for perhaps three days. During the trial of the Priori in 1366, when there was a great cold and most of the citizens had a cold and many died, the cold was in many parts of the world, the said Bartolommeo died of it
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 13.
[6874] Бысть моръ великъ на люди во градѣ Москвѣ и въ всѣхъ предѣлехъ его, якоже преже и въ Переславли бысть.
There was a great epidemic among people in the city of Moscow and all its territory[1], similar was earlier in Pereyaslavlj.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 535
Following an inundation many people fall ill on a disease that would kill them within four days.
Eodem anno in Marcio et Aprili, statim post diluvium hoc, venit quedam subita pestilencia super omnem hominem, et rarus fuit in villis et civitatibus, qui non infirmaretur; sed Deo propicio tribus vel IIII diebus tantum duravit et pauci ex eadem mortui sunt. Sed communiter omnes homines infirmabantur.
In the same year in March and April, happening directly after this innundiation, a sudden plague went over all humans and there was hardly anyone in villages and cities who did not fall ill; but by the mercy of God it lasted only three or four days after which the unlucky among them were dead. But on the whole all humans got infected.
Template:Brani di cronache bolognesi, p. 20r
A wind of livanto throughout Italy that made almost all people sick and many old people died
1367 questo ano se lio un vente de livanto per tutto il mono che fe amalar quasi tutte le persone et di vecchi ne mori assai
The year 1367 this year there was a wind of livanto throughout the country that made almost all the people sick and many old men died
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 538.
729. In deme sulven jare was grot pestilencia to Lubeke, unde dar sturven merkliker lude van den rikesten vul na so vele als in deme ersten dode.
729. In the same year (1367) was a great plague in Lübeck and many of the wealthiest people died of it, almost as many as in the first death.
A plague in Moscow and its surroundings.
B лѣтo 6874[1] быcть моръ великъ нa люди въ градѣ Мocквѣ и пo всѣмъ вoлocтeмъ Mocкoвcкимъ, пo тoмy же, якоже пpeже былъ въ Пepeяcлавлѣ, и якоже пpeжи cкaзaxoмъ и нaпиcaxoмъ.
In the year 6874 there was a great plague among the people in the town of Moscow and in all the Moscow estates, after the one that had previously occurred in Pereyaslav [Zalessky], and about which I had previously told and written.
1367-00-00-Moscow its sorroundings and Pereyaslavl Zalessky
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 183.
A plague in Moscow, its surroundings and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky
B лѣтo 6874[1]. Быcть моръ великъ нa люди въ градѣ Мocквѣ и вo всѣхъ прeдѣлexъ eгo, яко же и в Пepecлавли былъ.
In the year 6874. There was a great plague[2] among the people in the city of Moscow and in all its surroundings, which had previously also occurred in Pereyaslavl[-Zalessky]
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Description of the symptoms and consequences of the plague in Mainz and a great preceding flood
In mense Aprili [1367] eiusdem anni facta est morbida pestis in Maguncia hominibus quasi generaliter, quia cum frigore incepit tussis et obstipacio incongrua pectoris, eicientes … et multi homines inde moriebantur; eorum autem qui sani manserant aliqui sunt animo delirantes reperti. Quia proximo precedenti tempore fuit tanta inundacio aquarum sicut in viginti annis precedentibus nullus recordatur.
In April of the same year, the plague attacked almost everyone in Mainz. It began with coughing and unnatural spasms of the chest when it was cold; they had sputum..., and many people died from it. And of those who survived in good health, some people were found to be mentally disturbed. Shortly before, there had been a flood as great as no one could remember from the previous twenty years.
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A plague is ravaging Ratzeburg and its surroundings.
quod heu propter multiplices deuastaciones et miserabilissimas desolaciones villarum, mansorum et curiarum prepositure et capituli per inmanitatem pestilenciarum cottidie in inualenscencium causatas, vobis et omnibus manifestas.
Alas, because of the many devastations and the most miserable desolations of villages, manors, and estates of the provost and chapter caused by the enormity of the pestilences daily increasing in severity, known to you and everyone.
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986, vol. 3 (1986), p. 312
A deadly disease (wabāʾ) hit Egypt in 769 H (August 28, 1367 to August 15, 1368). It lasted about four months. The daily death toll reached 1,000 and more.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 491
The king tried to conquer the Lombardy, but without success. The lords of Meygelon flooded a river (Po?), nearly drowning the emperor's army. A plague also struck the army.
do meinde der keyser, er wolte das lant han, und reysete in dem lande zu Lamparten von ostern untz sant Michels tag, doch gewan er keine stat noch vesten. und die herren von Meygelon verswelletent das wasser genant der Pot, und mahtent es usgona über das velt do der keyser und sin volg lag, das der keyser und das volg kume entrunnent, daz sü nüt erdrunkent. ouch kam gros sterbotte under das volg und sunderliche under die Beheme, der unzelliche vil do was.
The emperor intended to conquer the land and campaigned in the region of Lombardy from Easter until Saint Michael's Day. However, he did not succeed in capturing any town or fortress. The lords of Meygelon flooded the river called the Pot, causing it to overflow onto the field where the emperor and his army were camped. The emperor and his troops barely escaped drowning. Additionally, a great plague struck the army, particularly affecting the Bohemians, resulting in an innumerable number of deaths.
Arabic Papyrology Database (APD), P.Haram I 30 = P.HaramCat. 229
Five men stated before a Jerusalem notary sometime between October 12 and 21, 1369 that they knew a shaykh named ʿAlī b. Badr al-Dīn who was a resident of Jerusalem. They stated they knew that the shaykh had left Jerusalem for Damascus while an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) was raging in the latter city and its surroundings. The shaykh had left Jerusalem in the beginning of the month of Shawwāl 770 H (May 9 to June 6, 1369) with a couple of associates and had stayed in Damascus in a Sufi khanaqah for some days. The witnesses stated that he had intended to proceed from Damascus to Aleppo but that his further whereabouts were unknown to them.
بسم اللّه الرّحمن الرّحيم يقول الواضعون خطوطهم آخره من المشائخ والفقراء والعدول إنّهم يشهدون شهادة لا يشكّون فيها ولا يرتابون أنّهم يعرفون الشّيخ عليّ بن الشّيخ بدر الدّين اللذي المقيم بالقدس الشّريف أنّه سافر من القدس الشّريف مع رفاقه ومشائخ وغيرهم إلى دمشق المحروسة في مستهلّ شهر شوّال سنة سبعين وسبع ماية في الطّاعون وأنّه أقام بدمشق في خانقاه القصّاعين مدّة أيّام في خدمة الشّيخ والفقراء بها وأنّه ذكر أنّه متوجّه إلى مدينة حلب لزيارة أخيه وأنّه لم يعلم بعد ذلك له خبر ولا عرف أين يوجد بعد ذلك وبذلك وضعوا خطوطهم مسولين في العشر الأوسط من شهر ربيع الأوّل سنة إحدى وسبعين وسبع ماية أعرف الشّيخ عليّ المذكور أعلاه وأشهد أنّه توجّه إلى دمشق في الطّاعون صحبة المشائخ وغيرهم وأنّه أقام المذكور بدمشق أيّام وذكر عليّ المذكور أنّه يتوجّه إلى حلب لزيارة أخيه كتبه عبد اللّه بن خضر الحنفيّ أشهد بمضمونه كتبه خليل بن محمّد الحنفيّ أشهد أنّ الأمر على ما نصّ وشرح أعلاه وكان الطّاعون بدمشق وضواحيها كتبه عمر بن أبي القاسم الشّافيعيّ أشهد بمضمونه كتبه محمّد بن خليل الشّافعيّ كذلك يشهد عبد اللّه بن محمّد الشّريف
In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate The undersigned elders, the poor and the righteous say that they testify without doubt or doubt that they know Shaykh Ali bin Shaykh al-Shaykh Badr al-Din, who resides in Jerusalem, that he travelled from Jerusalem with his companions and other elders to Damascus at the beginning of the month of Shawwal in the year seventy-seventy-seven, during the plague He stayed in Damascus in the Khanqah al-Qassa'een for a few days in the service of the sheikh and the poor in Damascus. He mentioned that he was travelling to Aleppo to visit his brother and that he did not know after that He did not know his whereabouts after that, and so they put their lines on the tenth of The middle tenth of the month of Rabi al-Awwal in the year seventy-one and seven hundred and seventy-seven I know the aforementioned Sheikh Ali I testify that he travelled to Damascus during the plague in the company of the elders and others and that he stayed in Damascus for a few days and the aforementioned Ali mentioned that he was travelling to Aleppo to visit his brother Written by Abdullah bin Khadir al-Hanafi I testify to its content Written by Khalil bin Muhammad al-Hanafi I testify that the matter is as stated and explained above The plague was in Damascus and its environs Written by Omar ibn Abi al-Qasim al-Shafi'i I testify to its content Written by Muhammad ibn Khalil al-Shafi'i Abdullah also testifies Ibn Muhammad al-Sharif
1369-05-09-Damascus# QUERY7feea99dcab7b7b0d0594f8f4c7fd113
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 539f.
After having been crowned empress in Rome earlier this year, Elisabeth (of Pomerania) returns to Prague on August 20 where she is ceremonially received. Because there is pestilence in Bohemia, the emperor, Charles IV, returns after the celebration to Lombardy. The pestilence raged during the whole year and with the greatest intensity in the regions towards Austria.
Eodem anno die XX mensis Augusti domina Elizabeth, Romanorum imperatrix, hoc anno, ut supra dicitur, Rome per manus domini pape coronata, Pragam venit et cum omni solempnitate a clero et populo in civitate et ecclesia Pragensi suscipitur. Imperator vero, quia pestilencia erat in Bohemia, postquam reversus est de Lombardia. [...] Eodem anno, ut supra meminimus, permitente Deo propter peccata populi fuit maxima pestilencia in Boemia, et precipue in plaga illa versus Austriam, et duravit per annum integrum. Et cum appropinquaret Pragam et ibidem incepisset eciam invalescere, indicte sunt processiones et ieiunia, et placatus est dominus Deus paciens et multum misericors, et cessavit continuo pestilenciam.
In this year at the 20th day of the month of August, Lady Elizabeth, empress of the Romans, who in this year, as said above, had been crowned in Rome by the hands of the pope, returned to Prague and was received with all solemnity by the clergy and the people in the city and in the church of Prague. The emperor, however, because there was a pestilence in Bohemia, had returned to Lombardy afterwards. [...] In the same year, as mentioned above, by God's permission due to the sins of the people, there was a great pestilence in Bohemia, especially in that region towards Austria, and it lasted for a whole year. And when it approached Prague and began to intensify there, processions and fasts were instituted, and the Lord God, patient and very merciful, was appeased, and the pestilence ceased immediately.
1370 iterum facta est pestilencia magna inter homines.
In 1370 there was again a great plague among humans.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 542
In this year a great pestilence occured in Bohemia and at its borders.
Unde permissione divina maxima pestilencia fuit in omnibus partibus et finibus Boemie.
With divine permission the greatest pestilence occured in all parts and at the borders of Bohemia.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 275
Due to the bad weather in the previous year, there was a great famine in Florence. This was fuelled by wars in Italy and a mortality of cattle, which is why no livestock came to Florence.
Rubrica 723a - Come' in questo anno fu grande carestia d'ogni cosa. Nel detto anno [1370] fu grandissima carestia, perocchè per la gran pioggia dell'anno passato, e perchè era stata guerra, non s'era raccolto assai abbastanza; di che convenne si mandasse per grano di fuori. E valse quell'anno lo staio fiorentino, tre mesi: ciò fu febbraio, marzo e aprile e parte di maggio, un fiorino lo staio. E quel medesimo anno di vino fu gran carestia, perocchè valse fiorini uno la barile di ricolta, e di state fiorini uno e mezzo il barile. Ancora fu carestia di carne, perocchè quell'anno era stata in Lombardia la guerra e in Toscana e in molte luogora, per la quale cagione non era venuto a Firenze bestiame di Puglia, donde ne solea venire assai. Quell'anno v'ebbe mortalità di bestiame, la qual cosa gittò assai carestia oltre all'altre cagioni di sopra narrate.
Rubrica 723a - How in that year there was a great famine of everything. In the year in question [1370] there was a great famine because not enough grain had been harvested due to the heavy rains of the previous year and the war, so grain had to be brought in from outside. In the months of February, March, April and partly in May, a staio of Florentine grain cost one florin. In the same year there was a great shortage of wine, as a barrel of wine cost one florin and in summer one and a half florins. There was also a shortage of meat, because in that year there was war in Lombardy and Tuscany and in many other places, which is why no cattle came to Florence from Apulia, where they often came from in the past. In that year there was a great death of cattle which, in addition to the other reasons mentioned above, caused a great famine.
Outbreak of plague in Avignon, both rich and poor German clerics die.
Avinione fuit magna pestilencia, in qua plus quam sexcenti scolares et clerici pro gratia ibidem commorantes de Alamania interierunt. Et ista gratia fuit omnibus pauperibus quasi inutilis, quia quicunqe habuit et dare voluit, gratiam qualemcumque voluit secundum eciam donorum qualitatem impetravit.
In Avignon, there was a great pestilence, in which more than six hundred students and clerics from Germany, who were residing there because of petitions (to the Curia), perished. And trying to obtain these petitions was almost useless to all the poor, because whoever had (money) and wanted to give, obtained grace of any kind according to the quality of their gifts.
Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 545
A grave pestilence occured in this year in all lands as well as in Bohemia whith a great number of dead people.
et immisit Dominus pestilenciam gravissimam in omnibus terris et provinciis Boemie, et mortua sunt infinita milia hominum, et sicuti non fuit.
And the Lord send a grave pestilence to all lands an [to] the provinces of Bohemia, and infinite thousands of people were killed and the are no examples for this.
Outbreak of plague in Fritzlar, Westphalia and Strasbourg.
Eo tempore in Hassia opido Fritzlar et in Westvalia erat magna pestilencia epidimiarum, in Argentina pestilentia dissenteriarum.
In that time raged the skin plague in the Hessian city Fritzlar and in Westphalia and the plague of entrails in Strasbourg.
''Annálabrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania, 1888, p. 213
Plague in Norway in the year 1371
The plague swept harshly through Norway.
''Annálabrot frá Skálholti''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 40
Following an astronomical phenomenon (the sky remained red for the whole of the night) there was a great plague and inflation.
1371. Pestis et caristia magna. Anno domini 1371 visa est magna rubedo in coelo per totam noctem a crepusculo usque ad mane: secuta fuit maxima pestis cum caristia.
1371. Great plague and inflation. In the year of the Lord 1371 there was a great redness seen in the sky for the whole night from dusk till dawn. After this there was a great plague and inflation.
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi
Joannis de Czarnkow, Chronicon Polonorum, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. 2, p. 619-756, 652
Starting in September 1371 a plague raged in Poland for one year and killed many thousand people.
De pestilentia valde magna in Polonia. Tam eisdem duobus annis, prout et in morte regis, in Polonia magna erat pestilentia; sed immediate anno sequenti de mense Septembri coepit esse major pestilentia in Polonia hominum et praecipue juvenum et mulierum, virorum ac virginum et duravit per annum usque ad mensem Septembrim, infra quod tempus multa millia, proh dolor! hominum decesserunt.
A very great pestilence in Poland. In the same two years, and in the same way as in the death of the king, there was a great pestilence in Poland; but immediately in the following year, in the month of September, there began to be a greater pestilence in Poland among humans and especially among young people and women, men and virgins, and it lasted for a year until the month of September, during which time, alas! many thousands of people died.
Outbreak of plague in Trento with description of symptoms
Item millesimo CCCLXXI fuit alia pestis de loco in locum, et non simul et semel, in universo et non minor mortalitas aliis duabus et ita subito, et duravit pestis seu mortalitas in Tridento sex mensibus. Item regnavit isto tempore infirmitas carbunculi et glandulae, et quibus veniat ad latus dextrum nunquam vidi vel audivi evadere, ad latus vero sinistram evadebant aliqui, licet pauci, et haec omnia supradicta vidi ego Joannes de Parma Canonicus supradictus, et sic scripsi manu propria ad memoriam praedictorum hominum futurorum de praedictis..
Likewise, in the year 1371, there was another plague that spread from place to place, and not all at once, throughout the entire world, and its mortality was no less than the previous two and just as sudden. The plague or mortality in Trento lasted six months. During this time, the illness of carbuncles and glandular swellings also prevailed, and for those in whom it appeared on the right side, I never saw or heard of anyone surviving. However, on the left side, some did survive, though few. I, Giovanni da Parma, the aforementioned canon, saw all these things and wrote them with my own hand to preserve the memory of these events for future generations.
L' 8 settembre del 1371, il giorno di Santa Maria, iniziò in Lucca l'epidemia con l'ingrossamento dell'inguine, bubboni, bolle e piaghe; e durò per quindici mesi, durante i quali molti furono morti, cittadini notabili e buoni mercanti, e molti fuggirono per evitare il contaggio. E vi fu chi morì e chi campò, anche donne e fanciulli, in quantità così grande che metà della popolazione di Lucca e del suo contado fu distrutta; ed il contagio si estese alle altre città, castelli e ville.
On September 8, 1371, the day of Holy Virgin, the epidemic began in Lucca with swelling of the groin, buboes, boils, and sores; it lasted for fifteen months, during which many notable citizens and good merchants died, and many fled to avoid the contagion. There were those who died and those who survived, including women and children, in such great numbers that half of the population of Lucca and its surrounding area was destroyed; and the contagion spread to other cities, castles, and villages.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 10, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 30.
The Polish prelate John Suchilik of Strzelce leaves Avignon, because of the raging plague there.
Iohannes Suchiwilk [de Strzeleze] [...] Avinionem se personaliter contulit [...]. Subito deinde se ex Avinione propter grassantem illic pestem evolvens, Gneznam feria tercia, mensis Iulii prima die ingressus.
(1372) John Suchilik of Strzelce [...] was personally consecrated in Avignon. Directly afterwards he left Avignon because of the raging plague there and he entered Gniezno on July 1.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 280
Great mortality in Norway in 1372
Very great mortality in the whole of Norway.
Annales Wratislawienses maiores, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, pp. 688-690, 690
In the year 1372 half the population of Wrozław (30.000 people) died because of plague and inflation.
Et sequenti anno scilicet 1372 fuit maxima pestilencia et karistia aequaliter in clero et populo, ita quod dicebatur communiter, quod plus quam medietas populi esset mortua scilicet a triginta milia hominum, et precedenti anno fuerat sub montibus et in montibus gravissima.
And in the following year 1372 there was the greatest pestilence and inflation as well among the clerics as among the common people. It is commonly said that more than half of the population died, namely 30.000 people and as in the preceding year ist has been very bad under the mountains and in the mountains.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Budkowa et al., vol. 10, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 31
The plague is more virulent than ever in many places. People are unable to keep pace with the burials.
Ingens pestis in Regno Poloniae. [...] eo anno adeo grassabatur per agros, fora, opida, rura atque urbes, ut in plerisgue locis Libitina vix sufficeret.
Tremendous plague in the kingdom of Poland. In this year it raged so severely over the fields, markets, towns, villages and cities that in many places Libitina [the Roman goddess of death, dead bodies and funerals] could hardly be satisfied.
Outbreak of plague along the Rhine and other parts of Germany, in Mainz 3000 people die.
Tunc multe pestilencie facte sunt in diversis partibus Rheni et aliarum partium Alamanie. In Maguncia mortui sunt tria milia hominum, et erant vina et fruges optimi fori, sicut nulla hominum meminit etas.
At that time (1373), many pestilences occurred in various parts of the Rhine and other regions of Germany. In Mainz, three thousand people died, and wines and grains were of the best quality ever remembered by anyone.
1373-00-00-Mainz# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 549.
Great plague in the cities by the Baltic Sea.
In deme sulven jare was grot stervent to Thorun in Prutzen unde in vele anderen steden.
In the same year (1373) was a great dying in Toruń in Prussia and in many other cities.
Outbreak of plague in Trento, children are affected over average, with description of symptoms
Item MCCCLXXIII fuit pestis et mortalitas similis pariter de loco in locum, ideo duravit per biennium ut usque ad finem MCCCLXXIIII, et fuit per hunc modum, quia moriebantur juvenes et senes, mares et foeminae, sed infantes seu pueri plus moriebantur, quia de infantibus et pueris pro certo non remansit de decem unus in Tridento, et sic alibi, quod auditum, itaque non inveniebatur pueri, qui servirent, de adultis dico, quod quando incipiebant infirmari pro majori parte perdebant memoriam, et transacta una die vel secunda recuperabant (p. 53) sensum, et aliqui convalescebant, postea subito moriebantur, neque poterant ordinare facta sua: aliqui vero nunquam convalescebant, et isti moriebantur cum magna discretione et devotione, loquela petendo indulgentiam et licentiam a circumstantibus, et dicta pestis fuit triplex: primo glandulae sub brachiis, vel in inguinibus; secundo carbunculi, tertio dormiae, et qui morituri erant non transibant quintum diem, sed quandoque prima, dico et sic successive usque ut supra.
Likewise, in 1373, there was a plague and mortality that similarly spread from place to place, lasting for two years until the end of 1374. It affected young and old, male and female, but infants and children died the most. For certain, out of ten infants and children in Trento, not one survived, and this was also heard of elsewhere. Consequently, there were no children to serve. Regarding adults, when they began to fall ill, most lost their memory, and after one or two days, they would recover their senses, and some would improve, only to suddenly die thereafter, unable to settle their affairs. Some never recovered and died with great discernment and devotion, speaking and asking for indulgence and permission from those around them. This plague was threefold: first, swellings under the arms or in the groin; second, carbuncles; and third, insomnia. Those who were to die did not survive beyond the fifth day, sometimes dying on the first, and so on successively, as stated above.
Template:Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986, p. 17
Mortality, comet and Nothern Light.
Anno 1373 Tridenti obierunt plurimi [...] visa est stella cometa. Item coelum ardens.
Outbreak of the plague and great mortality in Pisa, especially adolescents affected, price increase and shortage of grain
Negli anni domini di 1373 a dì ** di luglio, si chominciò in Pisa la mortalità et bastò due anni et due mesi. Et sappiate che morirono fanciulli di 12 anni in giuso più di octanta per ciento, et morirono huomeni et donne grandi quantità assai. Et dappoi si fu grande charo, valze più di 3 fiorini lo staio di grano et si fu grande charo d'ongni biada
In the year 1373 of July, mortality began in Pisa and it took two years and two months. And you know that more than eighty per hundred children from 12 years old died, and men and women died in great quantities. And then there was a great shortage, more than three florins a bushel of grain and there was a great shortage of every kind of grain
Outbreak of plague in Avignon with many dead cardinals.
Eo tempore fuit magna pestilencia Avinione, it ut pene omnes advene ibidem commorantes fugerent a curia, sic eciam papa et cardinales; et mortui sunt multi cardinales et circa 14.
At that time (1374), there was a great pestilence in Avignon, so much so that almost all the newcomers residing there fled from the court, including the Pope and the cardinals; and many cardinals died, around fourteen.
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861, pp. 72-73
Many relatives from the author died of the plague in Florence and Arezzo. He was in the meantime in Bologna.
37. Questa Orsa, figliuola di me Luca, cavalieri, come piacque a Dio, al tempo della grande pistolenza, passò di questa vita, in Arezzo; ed è sepulta al luogo di frati Minori. E qui in Firenze morì a casa nostra Giancristofano suo marito, a dì .. Di luglio MCCCLXXIIII. […] 39. Nel MCCCLXXIIII, a dì 4 d'agosto, al tempo della grande pistolenza, s'ammalò la sopradetta madonna Felice, in Firenze ed era gravida di otto mesi; ebbe due gavoccioli, cioè da ogni lato, tralla coscia e'l corpo, uno; e fu sopellita colla creatura in corpo, in San Niccolò, in Firenze; e visse forse cinquantadue ore: Iddio la faccia verace perdono; e fu discreta e valente donna. […] Morì l'Orsa mia figliuola in Arezo, e Giancristofano suo marito, e cugino carnale di madonna Felice, venne d'Arezzo chioccio; e come fu stato in casa mia a Firenze tre dÌ, s'ammalò di questi gavocci; e forse cinquanto ore visse; e infra dieci dì la detta madonna Felice morì. Io era in Bologna, quando ebbi queste dolorose e spiacevoli e fortunevoli novelle; ed era a provvisione di Santa Chiesa, [p. 73] con isventure assai senza queste, di ch'io avea e oe turbazione, quanto cavaliere di Toscano: Iodato Iddio sempre. 40. Giovanni mio figliuolo, con quelle più onore che si potea, fece sopellire Giancristofano, in Firenze, al luogo di San Francesco; e nella malattia e nella sepultura si spese assai danari di nostri. Iddio faccia loro misercordia perpetuale per la sua gran benignità. Di .. di luglio 1374.
7. This Orsa, daughter of me Luca, knight, as it pleased God, at the time of the great pistolence, passed from this life, in Arezzo; and is buried at the place of the Friars Minor. And here in Florence her husband Giancristofano died at our house, on dì.. of July 1374. [...] 39. In the year 1374, on the 4th of August, during the time of the great plague, the aforementioned lady Felice, who was eight months pregnant, fell ill in Florence. She developed two swellings (gavoccioli), one on each side between her thigh and body. She was buried in San Niccolò in Florence with the child still in her womb and lived for perhaps fifty-two hours. May God grant her true forgiveness; she was a wise and worthy woman. [...] My daughter Orsa died in Arezzo, and Giancristofano, her husband and a close cousin of lady Felice, came from Arezzo in mourning. After spending three days in my house in Florence, he fell ill with these swellings and lived perhaps fifty hours; within ten days, the said lady Felice also died. I was in Bologna when I received these sorrowful and distressing news. I was there in the service of the Holy Church, with many misfortunes already weighing on me besides these, as any knight of Tuscany would feel. May God always be praised. 40. Giovanni my son, with as much honour as he could, had Giancristofano buried in the place of San Francesco in Florence; and in his illness and burial he spent a great deal of our money. God grant them perpetual mercy for his great kindness. Of .. of July 1374.
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 197
The family of Giovanni and of Pagolo fled from the mortality of 1374 to Bologna. They lived there together in a house and shared the expenses.
E frall’altre si vide di lui questo: che pe·lla mortalità del 1374 , sendo fuggiti a Bolongnia tutta / (c. 44v) la famiglia rimasa di Giovanni e tutta la famiglia di Pagholo, insieme inn una chasa abitanti e a una ispesa chonchorenti a chomune, chome che chon vantaggio grande per que’ di Giovanni, nondimeno, tornando a quello ch’i’ vo’ dire, noi savamo chontinui tra uomini, donne, fanciulli e balie e fanti forestieri e chonpangnioni più di venti in famiglia. […]
And among other things, this was shown in his case: during the plague of 1374, when the remaining family of Giovanni and the entire family of Pagholo had fled to Bologna, they lived together in one house and shared the expenses, although there was great advantage for those of Giovanni. Nevertheless, to come back to what I wanted to say, we knew that they totalled more than twenty people in the family, including men, women, children, wet nurses and foreign servants and companions.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 236.
Great plague in Florence and the family of Pagholo fled to Bologna.
Negli anni Domini 1374 fu nella città di Firenze pestilenza † e grande; e chome dinanzi faciemmo memoria, Pagholo rendé l’anima a Dio in quest’anno, e noi fuggimmo a Bolongnia tutti, chome è scritto.
In the year 1374 was a plague in the city of Florence and great; and as we have already mentioned, in that year Pagholo gave his soul back to God, and we all fled to Bologna, as it was written.
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784, p. 1.
Great mortality in Florence, besides price increase for grain and other crops and great wars.
Nell'anno 1374 secondo il corso degli anni, cominciandosi dalla Natività del Signore Giesù Cristo, fu calende di Gennaio in Domenica. Fu nel detto anno mortalità di gente, e grandissimo caro di grano, e d'ogni altra biada quasi per tutto il mondo; fu caro di carne, d'olio, e quasi d'ogni altro bene, ed anco il vino non fu vile. La Pasqua di Surresso fu a' dì due d'Aprile, e grandi guerre furono in detto anno.
In the year 1374, beginning after the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ, January 1st fell on a Sunday. In that year there was great mortality among the people and an enormous price increase for grain and almost all other crops throughout the world; meat, oil and almost all other goods were also expensive, and wine was not cheap either. Easter fell on April 2, and there were great wars that year.
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1374.html (last access [20 April 2020]).
A mortality breaks out in Montpellier from February to July. The members of the town council order the manufacturing of a gigantic candle, to burn day and night at the church of Notre-Dame-des-Tables. This candle has been lighted on the 27th of April.
Item, l’an meteys, fo mortalitat en Montpellier et en diversas autras partz, la cal duret en Montpellier & entorn de Caremantran entro passada la festa de Sant Johan; perque los senhors cossols feron senchar am I fil lo mur de la vila, de la torre nova dessus lo Carme entro a la torre de la Babota, layssan lo mur de la vila que es "Quis quesivit hec de manibus vestris" devers la palissada ; am local fil feron atressi senchar tota la pallissada en que ac entorn XIXc canas per tot ; del cal fil am coton & cera feron far I rezench de cera del dich lonc & del gros del det, lo Montpellier a environ XIXc canes de torn.cal feron metre en Ia roda de fusta nova a l’autar de Nostra Dona de Taulas. Et aqui fo atuzat de lum novel senhat, e lo dich rezench fo senhat per cremar continuament al dich autar a honor de Dieu & de madona Sancta Maria, et per placar Nostre Senhor de la ira sieua, et per far cessar la dicha mortalitat, et que nos dones bona pas. local fo atuzat I digous que era XXVII jorns d’abril.
1374-02-00-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 289-290.
A new plague wave hits Florence and the city loses relatively few people, but the societal impact is severe.
Nel detto anno 1374 era fama d'una mortalità dell'usata pestilenza dello infiato dell'anguinaia, o sotto il ditello, e vivisene tre o quattro dì il più alto. Nel generale era stata in tutte le parti circunstanti d'intorno grandissima, bene che ove maggiore e minore; ma nel generale parve essere morto il terzo della gente, o delle bocche, nelle circunstanze. E molte favole e novelle se ne diceano, come di simili cose s'usa di parlare. Cominciò in Firenze di marzo, e a poco a poco seguito la cosa per modo che a settembre o ottobre quasi poco o nulla v'era della detta pestilenzia; e non fu niuna Terra in Toscana, ove del tanto meno gente morissero che in Firenze: perrochè morirono circa settemila bocche, che ve ne era a quel tempo sessanta milia, o più. Ma diessene ancora la utilità al fuggirla, ove era stata, perocchè la maggior parte' della gente con gli figluoli e mogli uscirono di Firenze, e andarono ad abitare in Terre. E niuno era, che avesse di che fare le spese, che non se ne andasse. Fecionsi molti ordini di non sonare campane, nè porro paghe, nè portare più che quattro torchi, e non vestire più ch'è figluoli di nero. Ancora feciono riformagione sopra [p. 290] a chi fuggìa, che se fosse tratto a ufici, fosse stracciato, se infra dieci dì non venisse all' uficio e coresse in pena di cinquecento lire, e poi avesse divieto agli altri ufici; e intorno a ciò assai cose feciero da non farne menzione; epperò taccio.
In the mentioned year 1374 there were rumors of the usual plague with the swollen groin, or below the armpit, and one lived three or four days at the longest. In general this happened in all areas around [Florence] with great intensity, although some place were hitten harder than others. But most of the time, one third of the people died in the surrounding areas. And one tells a lot of stories about it, as it always happens with these events. In Florence, it started in March, and slowly but surely the disease continued until September or October, when it had burned itself out. And there was no place in Tuscany, where alltogether more people died than in Florence: About 7000 persons died here from an overall population of more than 60.000. And people considered it a good idea to flee the place where the epidemic happened, so a large part of the population left the city with their childern and spouses and went to live in the countryside. And from those that did not leave, no one did more than just buying food. There were issued many regulations, like not ringing the bells, not doing payments, not carrying more than four torches, and not put on more clothing than the sons of black (Monks?). And they made law about people that fled the city: Whoever had left his office unattended was removed from it, if he did not return within ten days and payed a fine of 500 lire. He would furthermore be banned from other offices. Apart from that much more happened which should not be mentioned, and that's why I remain silent.
Many people, mainly children, died of plague (ṭāʿūn, fanāʾ, wabāʾ) in Alexandria from Shawwāl 775 H (March 16 to April 14, 1374) to Rabīʿ I 776 H (August 10, 1374 to September 8, 1374). Up to 200 people died per day. In Shawwāl, 7,000 people perished within three days. In 775 H (1373), the Nile had failed to reach the necessary gauge (wafāʾ) during the summer flood, and many fields in Egypt could not be cultivated. Prices for grain and other foodstuffs rose in Egypt. Prices remained high also during the following year (776 H: June 13, 1374 to June 1, 1375) despite a sufficient Nile flood and the availability of grain. People became impoverished and died of hunger due to the rise in prices while grain merchants (khazzān) made huge profits. Finally, people revolted against inflation and famine. Plague came on top of famine. In Alexandria, 17,000 people reportedly died of plague, 12,000 of whom were male and female children. [...]
.........
Buonaccorso Pitti: Ricordi 1986, pp. 10-11.
When the father of Buonaccorso Pitti, Neri, died, Pitti left Florence with his 8 brothers and his mom and fled to Val di Pesa from the raging plague. They returned, when the plague was over.
[39] Io Bonacorso di Neri farò qui appresso ricordo dell'andare per lo mondo ch'io fatto di poi che io rimasi sanza padre che fu l'anno 1374 a dì 25 d'aprile che nostro padre morì, a cui Iddio perdoni. E, sendo egli morto, noi suoi figliuoli che ci trovammo otto insieme colla nostra madre per cagione (p. 11) che la mortalità era a Firenze, ci riducemmo a uno nostro luogo in Val di Pesa che si chiama il Corno, dove occorse che Giovanni nostro fratello si morì che era d'età di 27 anni e anche si morì in casa nostra in quelli pochi dì Niccolò di Cione nostro cugino e morti del segno della pestilenza. E, sendo ristata la mortalità a Firenze, ci ritornammo e trovando che monna Margherita madre del detto Niccolò avea vota la casa dove stavano e portata tutta loro masserizie e roba da vantaggio in casa una sua sirocchia […]
Now I will give an account of the journeys I made to different parts of the world after the death of my father, Neri - may the Lord have mercy on him - on 25 April 1374. When he died, my brothers and myself - eight of us with our mother - left Florence where a plague had broken out and took refuge at Il corno, a country house of ours in Val di Pesa. While we were there, my brother Giovanni, who was twenty-seven years old, died of the plague, and so, a few days later, did our cousin Niccolò, Cione's son. When the epidemic was over, we returned to Florence where we found that Niccolò's mother, Monna Margherita, had stripped the house they lived in and moved all their goods and valuables to the house of her sister […]
Template:Cronica di Pisa 2005, pp. 258–259.
Outbreak of the plague in Pisa with a high mortality, as a consequence several processions.
Del mese di maggio anno preditto incominciò la morìa nella cità di Pisa, morendone alcuno per dì d'anguinaia, tincone, di soditelli, di faoni e d'alti sozzi mali. E poi di giugno cominciava a crescere, e facevasi per la cità dimolte precessione. E poi a dì 30 d'agosto, per comandamento dell'arcivescovo, si fece precissione generale cinque mattine, tenendo li fondachi serrati e digiunando, portando molte reliquie di santi et il sangue di sam Piero. E la ditta morìa durò per la cità e contado di Pisa sine a (p. 258) settembre anni Domini milletrecentosettantaicinque e molti ne morinno, de' cinque li quattro. E del mese di settembre restò altutto.
In the month of May, in the previous year, death began in the city of Pisa, with some dying each day of eels, tincone, soditelli, faoni and other ills. And then in June it began to grow, and there were many precessions in the city. And then on the 30th of August, at the Archbishop's commandment, there was a general precession on five mornings, keeping the docks closed and fasting, carrying many relics of saints and the blood of Saint Piero. And this death lasted for the city and countryside of Pisa until (p. 258) September anni Domini one thousand three hundred and seventy-five and many died, of the five the four. And of the month of September remained all.
This passage talks about the "dancing mania" in the region along the Rhine and Moselle. People danced uncontrollably, sometimes for half a day. Some participants exploited the situation for money and immoral behavior. The event seen as a heresy lasted around sixteen weeks and was believed by some to be a sign of the coming Antichrist.
Item da man schreip druzenhondert jar unde in dem vir unde sibenzigesten jare zu mittesomer da irhup sich ein wunderlich gedinge uf ertrich unde sunderlichen in Duschem lande uf dem Rine unde uf der Moseln, also daz Iude huben an zu danzen unde zu rasen, unde stunden i zwei gen ein unde danzeten uf einer stat einen halben dag, unde in dem danzen so filen si etwan dicke nider uf di erden unde lißen sich mit fußen dretten uf iren lip; da von namen si sich an, daz si genesen weren. Unde lifen von einer stat unde von einer kirchen zu der andern unde huben gelt von den Iuden, wo in daz sin mochte. Unde wart di dinge also vil, daz man zu Colne in der stat me dan funfhondert denzer fant. Unde fant man, daz cz duisserie was unde ketzerie, unde geschach umb geldes willen, daz ir endeiles! frauwen unde manne in unkuscheit mochten leben unde di vollen zu bringen. Unde fant man, daz zu Collen me dan hondert frauwen unde dinstmeide, di nit eliche manner enhatten, di worden in der danzerie alle kinde tragen. Unde wanne das si danzeten, so bonden unde knebelten si sich umb den lip hart zu, daz si deste geringer weren. Heruf sprechent endeiles meister, sunderlichen di guden arzide, daz endeiles worden danzen, di von heißer naturen waren, unde von anderen gebrechlichen naturlichen sachen, Danne der was wenig, den daz geschach. Di meister von der heiligen schrift di besworen der denzer endeiles, di meinten, daz si beseßen weren von dem bosen vigende. Also nam ez ein betrogen ende. Unde werte wol seszen wochen in disen landen oder in der maße. Auch namen di vurgenanten denzer, so manne so frauwen, sich ane, daz si kein rot gewant mochten gesehen. Unde was ez allez duisserie, unde ist ez vurbotschaft gewest Endecristes nach mime bedunken.
In 1374, at midsummer, a marvellous thing happened on earth, especially in the German lands along the Rhine and the Moselle. People began to dance and race and stood two against one and danced in one place for half a day. While dancing they often fell to the ground and had their feet stamped on their bodies; they assumed that they had recovered. They ran from one town and from one church to another, collecting money from the people where it was given to them. And there were so many of them that more than five hundred dancers were found in the city of Cologne. And it was found that it was fraud and heresy, and was done for the sake of money, so that some of them, women and men, could live in unchastity and perform it. And it was found that in Cologne more than a hundred women and maids, who had no husband, were all carrying children at the dance. When they danced, they bound and gagged themselves tightly around the waist to appear slimmer. Some masters, especially the good doctors, said that some of them danced because they were of a hot-tempered nature, and for other vicious reasons. But there were few to whom this happened. The masters of the Holy Scriptures conjured up some of the dancers and thought that they were possessed by the evil enemy. And so it came to a fraudulent end. And it lasted sixteen weeks or about that long in this country. The aforementioned dancers, both men and women, also pretended that they could not see a red robe. But it was all deception and, methinks, a premonition of the Antichrist.
Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 1, pp. 170-171
Letter from Coluccio Salutati to Benvenuto da Imo about the possible causes of the plague. He sees the plague as the will of God and therefore does not want to flee Florence.
Et demum, quod ad fugam pestis me ad lares tuos cum familia tam fraterne tamque amicabiliter invitas, mecum admiratus sum. Ubi enim fugiam a facie Dei mei? si enim hec pestis divina dispostione totum concutit genus mortalium sive, quod optem, sit talis peccatorum sive alia quecunque summi illius opificis ordinatio; et nostrum non est summum illud frustrare numen, cum ubicunque sit immensum et potens, quid iuvat inde fugere ubi tunc videtur servire sententia, cum, si condemnatus fuero, ubicunque me invenerit, iudicabit? Fallimur, arbitror, omnes, qui putamus Dei ista proculdubio opera indiscreto ictu quasi sagittas in vulgus iactari; illum afficit, seu medicinalis seu ultrix [p. 171] fuerit ista clades, quem percutiendum preordinaverit divina maiestas, que nec loco circunscribitur nec tempore, nec minus hic quam alibi cum voluerit operatur. Si enim, ut physici volunt, aeris foret ista corruptio, cur ubi furit ullum preterit omnino mortalium, quem etsi non extinguat, saltem non attingat? Vivimus omnes in aere isto corrupto, quem volunt physiologi, imo, ut verius loquar, fingilogi, fore venenum nec pudet eos diversitati complexionum ascribere, si quos viderint nullo modo, ceteris morientibus, egrotare; quasi in veneno possit humana complexio intemerata servari. Nescio tamen quo pacto quando in disputationem cum ipsis venitur et queritur: si aer iste, agitabilis et qui ventis continuo circunfertur, infectus est, cur in sola urbe, cur in uno vico, cur in cetera urbis parte, cur eadem in domo hi moriuntur, hi egrotant, hi penitus valent incolumes; et si hoc ascribitur etati, cur hec domos pueros perdit, illa iuvenes, ista senes decrepitos; altera mulieres preservat, altera viros; una superstitem habet maiorem natu, alia vero minorem? Denique fatentur rationem deficere, cum non valent omnibus respondere. Ceterum, ut ad preces tuas redeam, istuc me conaris allicere ubi tu ipse pestem confirmas propter advenarum confluentiam desevire. Credo tantus est ardor amici potiundi quod deceptus amore, tui ipsius immemor, periculi, quod istic imminet, es oblitus, et forte, quod evenire consuevit, ut longe minus presentia terraent quam ea que tumultuante fama percipimus, te rum commovit ut saltem de maiore ad minus periculum me vocares. Quicquid id fuit, gratias ago amicicie atque benignitati tue; ego florenti huic urbi, dum fata erunt, sive bellum sive fames sive pestis insultet, perpetuum inherebo.
Outbreak of fever in Avignon in connection with dearth.
Tunc eciam fuit Avinione pestilencia calorum innaturalium, unde multi perierunt. Item fuit ibi magna caristia.
At that time (1375), there was also a pestilence of unnatural fever / heat in Avignon, from which many perished. Also, there was a great dearth there.
Tunc fuit pestilencia epidimiarum in Erffordia et in tota Thuringia.
In that time raged in Erfurt and entire Thuringia a plague epidemic.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 267-268
The plague strikes Magdeburg and neighbouring territories, a great mortality arises and plague pits are opened in different cemetaries of local churches.
In dussem sulven jare was grot stervent hir in der stad und al umme und stunt to Magdeborch wol anderhalf jar, dat men to sunte Johanse nicht graven konde up den kerkhof, sunder men makede grote kulen [p. 268] to dem hilgen geiste, to unser vruwen, to sunte Pawele, to den barvoten, to sunte Augustine und to sunte Marien Magdalenen, dar men se in warp unde begrof.
In the same year there was a great mortality in the city and also in the surrounding area and this remained in Magdeburg for a year and a half. It was not possible to bury people in the churchyard of St Johannes, but large mounds were made at the Heiliggeistkirche, Liebfrauen, St Paul, the Friars, St Augustin and St Maria Magdalena, into which the dead were thrown and buried.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 556.
Great plague in Stralsund and Wismar.
772. In deme sulven jare was grot pestilencie bi der zee in vele steden, sunderliken to deme Sunde unde to der Wismer.
772. In the same year (1376) a great plague by the sea in many cities, especially in Stralsund and in Wismar.
''Gottskálksannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 363
Mortality due to a severe winter in the Icelandic Westfjords in 1376
Harsh winter and mortality in the Westfjords.
Sed pessimus incursus predonum ubique surrexit, et fuit magna pestilencia in Lubecke.
But the worst onslaught of brigands arose everywhere, and there was a great pestilence in Lübeck.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 281
Smallpox in Norway in the year 1378.
Outbreak of plague in Swabia and surrounding regions.
Circa tempus predictum fuit pestilentia in Suevia et circa circumsita.
Around the mentioned time (1378), there was a pestilence in Swabia and in the surrounding areas.
In autumpno fuit magna pestilencia epidemie … et terris circumsitis, et venit…
In autumn was a great plague in Avignon and surrounding areas, and it came...
Smallpox in Iceland in 1379 after the arrival of six ships. Severe winter
komo vi skip til Ijslandz ok j bolna sott ok for vm allt Jsland ok vard mikill manndaudr sæloduzt tolf prestar fyrir svnnan land ok nockorir fyrir nordan land [...] ok stora sniofa var vetr mikill.
Six ships came to Iceland and smallpox spread all over Iceland, and there was a great loss of life. Twelve priests died in the south of the country and several ones in the north of the country [...] and there was a lot of snowfall and a harsh winter.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, p. 564.
Great plague in Nuremberg and Bamberg that led to insects flying densely in the air.
801. By der tiid in deme somer do was een grot plage bi deme Rine tusschen Norenberge unde Bavenberge, dat de lucht was so vul wormete, also dat de rupen unde de loofvorsche vlogen so dicht, dat kume de lude kunden dar dor wanderen. dit betekende een grot stervent, dat na was komende in den landen.
801. At the time in the summer (1379), there was a great plague by the "Rine" [Regnitz?] between Nuremberg and Bamberg, so that the air was so full of worms, and also the caterpillars and tree frogs flied densely, that reported the people, who walked there. This signified a great death, that was soon to come to the lands.
Outbreak of plague in Paris and surrounding regions.
In illo tempore (1379) Parisius Francie et terra circumsita erat magna pestilencia et mortalitas hominum.
At that time (1379), there was a great pestilence and mortality of people in Paris, France, and the surrounding land.
Annales Miechovienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, pp. 880-896, 886
In the year 1379 a great plague arrived in Poland and other kingdoms.
Eodem anno in regno Polonie et alias tempore autumpni magna ingruit pestilencia, in qua cives plures Mechovenses obierunt.
In this year (1379) a great plague arrived in the kingdom of Poland and in other kingdoms in which many citicens of Miechów died.
1379-autumn-Poland# QUERY6ccc44f92ae95866bdca62e9ebf3aa0f
Annales Bohemiae Brevissimi, ed. G.H. Pertz (MGH SS, 17) p. 719-721, p. 721
Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from Ascension Day (May 3) to the day of St Michael (September 29)
Viguit magna pestilencia in Bohemia, et incepit a festo ascensionis duravitque usque ad festum sancti Michaelis.
A great pestilence ruled in Bohemiae and it started at the feast of Ascension and lasted until the feast of St Michael.
Benessius Minorita, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 23-78, p. 63.
Anno 1380. Viguit magna pestilencia Prage in Bohemia, & incepit ab Ascensione Domini, & duravit usque ad festum sancti Michaelis.
Year 1380. A great pestilence ruled in Prague and [in the whole of] Bohemiae and it started at the feast of the ascension of the Lord and it lasted until the feast of St Michael.
Anonymous, Chronicon Bohemiae Lipsiense, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. VII, s.a.) p. 5-8, p. 5.
Great mortality in Bohemia which lasted from Pentecost (May 13) to the day of St Wenceslas (September 28).
Anno Domini 1380 incepit mortalitas magna in terra Bohemie circa festum Penthecostes et duravit usque ad festum sancti Wenczeslai.
In the year of the Lord 1380 a great mortality came to Bohemiae around the feast of Pentecost and it lasted until the feast of St Wenceslas.
Anonymous, Chronicon Bohemicum Pragense, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. VII, s.a.) p. 10-13, p. 11.
Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margarethe (July 13) until winter.
Anno Domini 1380. Pestilencia non modica in Boemia instaurata agesto s. Margarethe usque ad yemem perduravit.
Year of the Lord 1380. A considerable plague was instated in Bohemia, lasting from the feast of Saint Margaret until winter.
Kronika Bartoška z Drahonic, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. V, 1893), p. 589-628, p. 628.
Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margareth (July 13) until autumn.
Item léta božieho 1380 počel se mor v Čechách o svaté panně Markrethě a byl po všie České zemi až do podzimi.
In the year of the Lord 1380, the plague began in Bohemia on the feast of the Holy Virgin Margaret, and was all over Bohemia until autumn.
Second continuator of the Pulkava chronicle, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 131-137, p. 133.
Pestilence in Bohemia which lasted from the day of St Margaret (July, 13 1380) to the day of All Saints (November, 1 1381).
Anno Domini 1380 & 81. fuit pestilencia per totam terram Bohemie, incepit a festo S. Margarethe, & duravit usque festum Omnium Sanctorum.
Years of the Lord 1380 and 1381. There was a plague through the whole land of Bohemia. It started at the feast of St Margaret and it lasted until the feast of All Saints.
Second continuator of the Pulkava chronicle
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt.
Tunc magna pestilencia fuit in Franckfordia.
At that time (1380), there was a great pestilence in Frankfurt.
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 282
Great plague in Iceland in 1380
Outbreak of an zoonotic in chicken, so the electors in Frankfurt had no eggs and chicken to eat.
In illibus diebus inter festa pasche et pentecostes (1380) convenerunt Franckfordie Wentzelaus rex et principes electores [...] Eo tempore fuit in tota illa regione pestilencia mortalitatis gallinarum, ita quod principes Franckenfordie commorantes non commedebant de gallinis et raro de ovis, que omnino erant exosa, que semper antea fuerunt grata pro esu; eciam infimi et ignobiles spernebant esum gallinarum.
In those days between Easter and Pentecost (1380), King Wenceslaus and the elector princes gathered in Frankfurt ... At that time, there was throughout that region a pestilence among chickens, so much so that the princes residing in Frankfurt did not eat chicken and rarely ate eggs, which were entirely loathed, though they had always been cherished for consumption; even the lowly and ignoble scorned the consumption of chickens.
Outbreak of plague in Prague and Bohemia, with 1100 people dying per week. German students return from there home.
In mense Iulio (1380) fuit Pragis et Bohemie magna pestilencia, ut quasi omnes studentes timore mortis recesserint. Tunc dicebatur quod una septimana 1100 homines ibi moriebantur.
In the month of July (1380), there was a great pestilence in Prague and Bohemia, to the extent that almost all the students returned from there, fearing for their life. At that time, it was said that within one week, 1100 people were dying there.
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt affecting all ages.
In Septembri et Octobri (1380) fuit valde magna pestilencia in Franckfordia et circumquaque, que subtraxit multos pueros et eciam quosdam robustos viros, etiam multos senes homines; erat pestis ypidemialis.
In September and October (1380), there was a very great pestilence in Frankfurt and its surroundings, which claimed many children and even some robust men, as well as many elderly individuals; it was an epidemic pestilence.
Outbreak of plague in Cologne and Mainz.
Tunc temporis fuit pestilencia gravis Colonie, Maguncie et aliis multis locis.
In this time 1381 there was a plague in Cologne and Mainz and many other places.
1381-00-00-Mainz# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 772-773.
Great death in Strasbourg in the summer, which made the churches so rich, that they could be replaced by newer larger ones.
Ein sterbotte zu Strosburg. Do men zalte noch gotz gebürte 1381 jor, do was ein grosser sterbotte in dem summer zu Strosburg: den schetzete men also gros und langewerende, also ie keinre vor was zu Strosburg gewesen. von disem sterbotte wurdent die kirchen also rich, das men die alten kirchen zu Strosburg zu sant Martin, zu sant Niclawes gynesit Brüsch und zum alten sant Peter abrebrach und nuwe witer kirchen dar mahte.
A dying in Strasbourg. In the year 1381, there was a great dying in Strasbourg in the summer: it was so big and durated so long, then never before. The churches have become so rich, that the old churches of St. Martin, St. Nicholas and the old St. Peter were torn down and replaced with new, wider churches.
Outbreak of plague along the Rhine, accompanied by mild weather.
Anno Domini (13)80 primo circa octavas epiphanie Domini instetit frigus valde forte, durans usque ad Kalendas Februarii, cum antea a festo Michaelis usque ad predictas octavas continue fuerit aura pluvialis et tepida absque frigoribus durantibus. Viguit pestilencia circa partes Reni usque ad predictas octavas.
In the year of our Lord 1380, around the octave of the Epiphany of the Lord, there was a very strong cold snap, lasting until the Kalends of February, whereas previously from the feast of Michaelmas until the aforementioned octave, there had been continuous rainy and mild weather without lasting cold spells. A pestilence prevailed around the Rhine region until the aforementioned octave.
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Codex Iuris Municipalis, vol. IV/1, p. 175f., no. 122
In a charter from 20 April 1382 Semovit, Duke of Cieszyn and prior of the order of St John in Bohemia states that large parts of the inhabitants of the city of Manětín had been killed by a plague "not long ago" (1380/81?) while others had moved away. With this charter, he sells the town to its remaining inhabitants.
Semovitus, Dei gratia dux Teschinensis, prior Bohemiae ordinis Hospitalis sancti Joannis Hierosolimitani, notum fieri volumus omnibus in perpetuum praesentibus et futuris hominibus, harum seriem litterarum audituris, quod peste crudeli in genus humanum tempore non longe retroacto ex permissione divina immaniter saeviante maxima pars populi in civitate ordinis nostri Manetin corruit et ab hoc saeculo emigravit.
Semovitus, by the grace of God Duke of Cieszyn, prior of Bohemia of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, wish it to be known to all present and future people who shall hear the series of these letters, that in the past not long ago, with divine permission, through a cruel plague raging fiercely over the human race, a great part of the population in the city of our order, Manětín, fell and departed from this world.
Memorial inscription on the south facade of Erfurts Peterskirche.
Anno d(omi)ni MCCCLXXXII orta est / pestilencia et facta est hic / magna fovea in qva sv(n)t sepvlte / tres sexagene et qvindecim hominum qui / aie requiescat in pace Amen.
In the year of our Lord 1382, a pestilence arose, and here a great pit was dug in which were buried 195 people. May they rest in peace. Amen
A plague in Erfurt results in a mass grave situated on the Petersberg
Anno 1382 Ist eine grosse pestilentz in Erffurd gewesen, do hatt man eine gruben auf S. Petersberg gemacht, do sindt 13 schock vnd 15 menschen begraben worden.
In the year 1382, there was a great pestilence in Erfurt, where a pit was dug on St. Petersberg, and 795 people were buried there.
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784, p. 61.
The army of the Duke of Anjous was defeated near to Naples. There and in many other places, like Ferrara, Bologna and Pisa was a high mortality.
Più, e più volte fu detto, che della gente del Duca d'Angiò, assai ne sono stati sconfitti, morti, e presi. Dicesi ch'è presso a Napoli a otto miglia, o così, e che ivi è mortalità di gente, ed hae grande caro di vettovaglia. In detto anno cominciò la mortalità in più luoghi, in Ferrara, in Bologna, in Pisa, ed in più altri luoghi.
It has been reported several times that many of the Duke of Anjou's men were defeated, killed and captured. It is said that he is near Naples, about eight miles away, and that there is a high mortality rate there and great scarcity of food. In that year the mortality began in many places, in Ferrara, in Bologna, in Pisa and in many other places.
Codex iuris municipalis regni Bohemiae, vol. 4, 1 (1954), p. 175f.
Duke Semovitus of Cieszyn (Teschen), prior of the knights of St John in Bohemia states in a charter of April 20th 1382 that recently a plague wave has more or less depopulated the town of Manětín (western Bohemia) and grants certain tax and inheritance advantages to the survivors.
Semovitus, Dei gratia dux Teschinensis, prior Bohemiae ordinis Hospitalis sancti Joannis Hierosolimitani, notum fieri volumus omnibus in perpetuum praesentibus et futuris hominibus, harum seriem litterarum audituris, quod peste crudeli in genus humanum tempore non longe retroacto ex permissione divina immaniter saeviante maxima pars populi in civitate ordinis nostri Manetin corruit et ab hoc seculo emigravit [...]
Semovita, by the grace of God duke of Cieszyn, prior of the Bohemian order of St John. We wish it to be known to all present and future individuals who will hear the text of these writings that, not long ago, a cruel plague raged horribly by divine permission among the greatest part of the population of the city of our order, Manětín, and they departed from this world [...].
A mortality breaks out in the end of June in the city of Bilzen (?), killing half of the population. In August and September, the disease spreads across the country and affects the regions of Namur, Dinant, Huy, Tongeren, Liège, Maastricht, Aachen and Trier. It kills 3,000 people in Namur.
Illis diebus fuit tempus bene dispositum ad epidemia, quia pluviosum fuit et crudum. Nec fuit estas calida et sicca, sicut debet esse naturaliter, sed frigida, ventosa et humida. Unde post festum sancto Johannis Baptiste et circa augustum fuit magna mortalitas hominum in pluribus locis. Apud Blisiam tunc obierunt bene nongente persone, plusquam media pars totius ville. In fine augusti et principio septembris tunc apparuit quedam cometa in occidente post solis occasum cum parvo radio. Et postea invaluit mortalitas Dyonanti, Namurici, Hoii, Leodii, Tungris, Trajecti, Aquis, Treveris, et in finibus eorum ita magna, quod Namurici bene tria milia obierunt.
At that time, the rainy and cool weather was favorable for an epidemic. The summer was not as hot and dry as it should be, but cold, windy and humid. Thus, after St John the Baptist Day, a mortality spread out in several places. In Bilzen 90 persons died, so to say half the population of the city. At the end of August and the beginning of September, a comet was seen towards west, after sunset, with small rays. Soon after, a great mortality affected the regions of Dinant, Namur, Huy, Liège, Tongeren, Aachen and Trier. With such violence that 3,000 people died in Namur.
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1383. The pestilence afflicted the Florentines.
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 3, p. 62.
The plague raged again in Florence and many people fled. To stop the exodus, a law was passed forbidding the Florentines to leave their homes. However, the fear of death was so great that the law had no effect.
Eo qui secutus est anno pestis iampridem coepta desaevivit, et fugae civium secutae sunt, per quas vacuefacta urbs suspicionem dedit, ne a plebe infima invaderetur. Itaque lex lata est, ne quis civis florentinus domo abesset, quo frequentior esset urbs, nec deserta a bonis in perditorum relinqueretur potestate. Sed neque lex neque prohibitio tenere potuit fugas; quippe adversus timorem mortis propositae timor omnis alter tamquam levior succumbebat. Ea pestis aliquot menses civitatem afflixit et insignes aliquot viros absumpsit. Ob eam causam nihil dignum memoria domi vel foris eo anno est gestum.
In the following year (1383), the plague that had begun some time before vented its rage anew, whereupon the citizens took to flight. The emptying of the city caused anxiety that it would be seized be the lowest class. So a law was passed forbidding Florentine citizens from leaving their homes, to keep the city populated and not leave it in the power of depraved men, deserted by the good. But no law or prohibition could restrain people from fleeing; indeed in the face of a visible fear of death all other fears yielded as being of lesser weight. The plague afflicted the city for several months and carried off a number of distinguished men. For this reason nothing worthy of memory was accomplished this year either at home or abroad.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, pp. 426-427.
The plague raged in Florence. It began slightly in 1382, was then almost imperceptible, raged violently from March 1383 to September and was weak again until March 1384. During the worst months, many people fled the city.
Rubrica 955a - Come fu una grande mortalità nella città di Firenze. Nel detto anno [1383] cominciò a Firenze una pestilenza primiera, e primiera di ciò per rispetto ch'era cominciata infino nell'anno dinanzi in alcuna casa, al Canto a Monteloro ed a S. Piero Maggiore, forse in quattro case, ed avie casa dove in uno mese n'erano morti 10 e lasciatore due, e poi restata; ma per la città quasi niente si sentì se non in sul marzo e aprile; allora cominciò a rucellare, e bastò infino al settembre molto fiera, pure al modo dell'altre mortalità, di quello segno del grosso sotto il braccio e sopra la coscia all'anguinaia. Molti buoni uomini morti, ma più fu ne'giovani e fanciulli che negli uomini e femmine di compiuta età. Ultimamente ristette, come detto è, di settembre, non sì che alcuno, e questo era a rado, infino al marzo vegnente' dello altro anno non ne sentisse, ma radi e pochi. Pure com'è d'usanza di tenerne lo conto che muoiono, in quello anno ne morirono circa (p. 427) di … (lacuna). E così posata la maggior parte di novembre si tornarono alla città: alquanti stettero infino passata la primavera, e poi tornarono.
Rubrica 955a - How a great plague raged in the city of Florence In the year in question (1383), a severe plague began in Florence. The first signs had already been seen the previous year in some houses on the Canto a Monteloro and near S. Piero Maggiore, perhaps in four houses, whereby there were ten deaths in one house in one month and only two survived. After that, the epidemic subsided and was hardly noticed in the city until March and April. Then it began to rage violently and lasted until September, with typical symptoms such as large bumps under the arm and on the groin. Many good men died, but it was young people and children who were most affected, rather than adults. The epidemic finally subsided in September, but there were still isolated cases until March of the following year. The deaths were counted, and in that year about ... (gap). Most returned to the city in November; some stayed away until after spring and then returned.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 427
During the plague, many people fled the city of Florence. To prevent this, the rulers tried in vain to force people to stay and even a tax did not help, as some paid and others did not.
Rubrica 956a- Come per la detta mortalità si fece più leggi e ordini a Firenze. Nel detto anno si feciono di molte leggi, acciocchè niuno cittadino si partisse per la detta mortalità, a ciò che sospettavano che la minuta gente non partisse, e facesse romore, ed i mali contenti s'accozzassero con loro. Poi veduto che pur si partivano li ricchi, cominciarono a non lassare partire niuno sanza il bullettino. Ancora a questo era impossibile a tenergli. Poi all'ultimo impuosero danari a chi s'era partito, o partisse: comecchè la cosa non andò uguale, che di quelli a cui fu posto, pagarono e tale no, com'è sempre d'usanza che gli animali grossi e possenti saltano e rompono le reti; pure n'entro in Comune fiorini … (lacuna). Dissero che gli voleano per soldare fanti, acciocchè lo stato stesse fermo.
Rubrica 956a - How many laws and regulations were passed in Florence due to the aforementioned plague. In that year (1383), many laws were passed to prevent citizens from leaving the city because of the plague. It was feared that the common people who stayed would cause unrest and join forces with the discontented. When they saw that the rich were leaving anyway, they began to prevent anyone from leaving without authorisation. But it was impossible to enforce this. In the end, a tax was levied on those who had left or wanted to leave. However, this measure was not uniform: some paid, others did not, as is always the case when the strong and powerful circumvent the rules. Nevertheless, some florins [gap] came into the community treasury. It was said that the money should be used to pay soldiers to maintain order.
A more modest plague strikes Limburg.
Item in diser zit was daz drette sterben, in der maße als di erste sterben waren; dan daz meßlicher was.
During this time, there was the third dying, occurring at a similar rate to the first dying, albeit somewhat more moderate.
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Anno Domini millesimo tricentesimo 80. tercio pestilencia regnavit in Limpurg ita maxime, quod magis quam 1300 homines moriebantur.
In the year of our Lord 1380, the third pestilence reigned in Limburg so greatly that more than 1300 people were dying.
Plague affects Lucca for two years
Dopo un danno ne viene un altro, se non si vive in pace, e dico questo perchè dopo la morte del detto Francesco Guinigi, nel 1383 cominciò in Lucca e nel contado un contagio ed altre pestilenzie per le quali morirono molti venerabili cittadini, uomini, donne, fanciulli in grande quantità, ed il contagio durò sino al 1384, e molti ripararono in paesi stranieri per sfuggire a quella pestilenza. E come piacque a Dio, il contagio cessò, lasciando Lucca ed il suo contado privi di gente per i molti morti, ma non migliori nei confronti di Dio..
After one disaster comes another, if one does not live in peace, and I say this because after the death of the aforementioned Francesco Guinigi, in 1383, a contagion and other plagues began in Lucca and its surrounding area, causing many venerable citizens, men, women, and children to die in great numbers. The contagion lasted until 1384, and many fled to foreign countries to escape the plague. And as it pleased God, the contagion ceased, leaving Lucca and its surroundings devoid of people due to the many deaths, but no better in the eyes of God.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 1, pp. 577-578.
Plague in Rome which led among other things to the flight of the pope Urban to the city Tivoli.
835. In deme jare Cristi 1383 do toch van Rome paves Urbanus mit sinen cardinalen to Neapolis; dar bles he langhe tiid, unde en dachhte nicht wedder to Rome to komende dorch groter bedwengnisse willen unde not, de he let to Rome. he sprak, dat he wolde theen ute der pestilencie, de do grot was to Rome. he toch in de stad Tiburtin mit (p. 578) der Prignisse.
835. In the year of Christ 1383, Pope Urban, along with his cardinals, left Rome for Naples; there he stayed for a long time and did not plan to return to Rome because of the great hardships and troubles he had left behind there. He said that he wanted to escape the plague, which was then widespread in Rome. He withdrew to the city of Tibur (Tivoli) with the Curia.
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784, pp. 64-65.
In Florence, a large procession was organized on 24 and 25 January to ask God's mercy for the plague and mortality. In May a plague began with 40 or more deaths per day.
A' di 24. in Domenica, che fu S. Zanobi in lunedì a' di 25. si fece grandissima processione, e venne in Firenze la Tavola di S. Maria Impruneta, e dinanzi a lei andarono tutte le Reliquie de'Santi di Firenze, e del contado, che furono più di dodicimila Cristiani. Le detta (p. 65) tavola si pose in su l'altare, che si fece in su la ringhiera del palazzo de' Signori, molto orevole; furonvi tutti li Cavalieri, ed altri notabili cittadini. Il popolo, che vi si trovò fu innumerabile, pregando lei con gran divozione, che accatti grazia dal suo diletto figliuolo, cioè Giesù Cristo, che guardi questa città, e l'altre di male, e guardici da mortalità, e da ogni altro reo giudicio, del quale in Firenze forte si dubitava, e di mortalità. […] Del detto mese di Maggio cominciò in Firenze mortalità di quaranta persone il dì, e più, e così fece nell'entrata di Giugno.
On the 24th of the month January, on a Sunday that was also the feast day of St. Zanobi, and on the following Monday, the 25th, a very large procession was held and the image of St. Mary of Impruneta was brought to Florence. Before her went all the relics of the saints of Florence and the surrounding area, there more than twelve thousand Christians. The said image was placed on the altar erected on the platform of the palace of the Signori, very honorably; present were all the knights and other important citizens. The people assembled were innumerable, and adored her with great devotion, to obtain mercy from her beloved Son, Jesus Christ, that he might preserve this city and others from calamity, and save us from pestilence and every other evil judgment, of which there was great fear in Florence, especially mortality. [...] In the said month of May a plague began in Florence, in which forty or more persons died every day, and this continued in June.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 288.
Plague strikes Magdeburg in summer, a great mortality arises.
In dem sulven jar des sommers was hir grot stervent .
In the summer of the same year (1383), there was a lot of mortality here.
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1384.html (20 April 2020).
A mortality breaks out in Montpellier from June 1383 to August 1384. The members of the town council order the manufacturing of a gigantic candle, to burn day and night at the church of Notre-Dame-des-Tables. During the plague, the university has been lockdown from the 10th of May to the 8th of September 1384.
Item, per so que mortalitat granda, majorment dels enfans de XX ans o entorn et en aval, renhava et avia renhat de San Johan, l’an LXXXIII en sa en esta vila & caix pertot, los senhors cossols a XXX de mars feron mezurar tota la muralha de la vilanota de Monpeylier deforas costa la escama de las dogas, & la palyssada de part dedins, et las ymages de Nostra Dona de Taulas et de son filh,mortalitat et de l’autar de la gleya. Et fo trobat, cananLo torn de Montpellier de las palissadas IXc XXXV canas am fil, que la muralha que es foras la palissada a de lonc IXcXXXV canas mieg. Item, la muralha deLa muralha dedins la villa de torn Vc XXX canas la villa que es deffra la palissada a VcXXX canas mieg. Item, la clausura de la palissada a de lonc pertot VIIIc LXXXXIIII canas. Item, la dicha gleya a de roda tot entorn LXXX canas. Item, l’autar a de lonc am los dos caps IIa canas et II palms. Item, las doas ymages an de gros III palms. Item, la ymage de Nostra Dona a de lonc III palms e ters. Et d’aquest fil am d’autres feron far I rezench sus l’autar de Nostra Dona en aut de una roda que y era et y fon facha l’an LXXIIII per so que∙l dich rezench y Del rezem de Nostra Dona de Taulas creme nuech e jorn ad honor de Dieu et de la benezecta Verges Maria, que lur plassa far cessar aquesta mortalitat et la empedimia de bossas renhant, et deverdonar pas de cel en terra, et salvar los frutz de la terra. Et fo senhat lo II jorn d’abril per mossen Jacme de la Manhania, prior de Taulas. Et duret la dicha mortalitat entro mieg aost aquest an LXXXIIII, en lo qual temps moriron, part los enfans petitz e grans, mostz bos homes notables antixz et donas, specialmens joves, d’aquesta vilamortalitat. Et enayssi duret la dicha mortalitat et empedimia per l’espazi o entorn de XIIII meses, la qual cauza jamays non fo vista que mortalitatz dures tant longuament en aquest paÿs & per ayso vaquet lo studi del tot de Pantacosta entro Nostra Dona de setembre.
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Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784, p. 66.
Great mortality in Florence. In the beginning more than 400 persons per day died, later 8,9,12 per day. Many people flee to Bologna and the Romagna. On 22. July great riot, caused by the Ciompi and on 7th October an earthquake
Nota: del mese di Luglio, e d'Agosto del detto anno morì grandissima quantità di gente in Firenze, massimamente dal mezzo Luglio a tutto Agosto. Morirono molti fanciulli, e fanciulle piccoli, ed uomini, e donne: per dì ne morirono 400. e più; e poì in su l'entrata di Settembre mancò la detta mortalità, e morivanone per dì infino a mezzo Settembre quaranta, e più; poi mancò, e morianone otto, dieci, o dodici per infino a mezzo Ottobre. E nota, che a' dì 21. (anzi 22.) di Luglio, il dì di S. Maria Maddalena, fu grandissimo romore in Firenze, il quale levarono i Ciompi. Poi laudato Dio la detta mortalità cessò via in tutto. Nota, che detto anno a'di 7. d'Ottobre, la vigilia di S. Liperata, la notte furono tremoti in Firenze. Nota, che nel tempo della detta mortalità molta, e molta gente si partì di Firenze, e fuggì la mortalità, ed andaronne molti a Vinegia, e più in Romagna, perchè la mortalità v'era stata.
Note: In July and August of the same year (1383), a large number of people died in Florence, especially from mid-July and throughout August. Many young children and adolescents, as well as men and women, died; 400 or more people died per day. Then, at the beginning of September, the plague subsided, and forty or more people died daily until the middle of September; after that the number continued to decrease, and by mid-October only eight, ten or twelve people died daily. Note that on July 21 (actually 22), the feast day of St. Mary Magdalene, there was a great riot in Florence, caused by the Ciompi. Thank God the plague finally stopped completely. Note that on the night of October 7, on the eve of the feast of St. Liperata, earthquakes struck Florence. Note that during the said plague, many people left Florence and fled from the plague; many went to Venice and even more to Romagna because the plague had already been there.
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903, p. 426
This passage is about a conspiracy in Florence. The conspirators, who were made up of common people, tried to take advantage of the fact that many citizens had left the city due to the raging plague. However, the conspiracy failed.
Rubrica 954a - Come' in Firenze si fece un trattato, pure di quella medesima gente minuta. Nel detto anno [1383] e mese di luglio fu nella città di Firenze una trattato, fatto pure per gente minuta, li quali estimando che la mortalità, della quale diremo, era molto primiera nella città di Firenze, e molti cittadini fuggiti, chi in contado e chi fuori di contado, di lunghi un giorno, o due, e più, stimarono che venisse lor fatto, e d'essere seguiti dagli ammoniti e da'mali contenti. E certo ogni volta, ch'eglino l'avessero fatta a sapere alli predetti, si stimava, loro sarebbe venuto fatto; ma eglino non lo feciono, ed eglino non feciono loro intenzione, ma guastaronla, e le loro persone. Fu lo detto trattato scoperto in questa forma: che essendo li cittadini, come detto è, fuggiti per la mortalità, la minuta gente non partita, ragunato alcuni sbanditi, li quali così ragunati a fine di rubare e d'essere ribanditit, venendo loro fatto. E veramente per quello che poi si vide, s'eglino avessero fatto con ordine, venìa loro fatto; imperocchè li cittadini possenti erano fuggiti la mortalità, e chi fuori del contado di Firenze, e chi nel contado; ma eglino si scopersono prima che non dovieno secondo l'ordine. In sulla prima loro non [non tutti loro] si levarono, e mossonsi da Santo' Ambrogio e per Belletri passando e per lo Prato d'Ognissanti, e feciono capo al ponte alla Carraia. Quelli dall'altro lato d'Arno, non erano in concio, non rispuosono, ed in quello luogo fu gridato; e così si partirono, e nulla feciono; e la gente sdegnò, ed andarono cercando costoro, e niuno ne fu preso; ma assai n'ebbono bando.
Rubrica 954a - How a conspiracy was made in Florence by the same common people. In July 1383, there was a conspiracy in the city of Florence that was planned by common people. They thought that the plague, which we will talk about later, had hit the city of Florence hard and many citizens had fled, some to the countryside, others further away, for a day or two or longer. These common people believed that they would be able to profit from the situation and be supported by the outlaws and malcontents. Certainly, if they had communicated their plans to the said people, they would probably have succeeded; but they did not and could not realise their intention, thus failing themselves. The plan was uncovered in the following way: While many citizens had fled because of the plague, the common people had not retreated, but had gathered some exiles. They had joined forces with the intention of robbing and reversing their banishment. Had they organised their plan well, they would indeed have succeeded, as the wealthy citizens had fled the plague, some from the outskirts of Florence, others further afield. But they unveiled their plan too early and not according to plan. Initially, not everyone rose as planned and moved from Santo' Ambrogio via Belletri and through the Prato d'Ognissanti and gathered at the Carraia bridge. Those on the other side of the Arno were not ready and did not respond. The alarm was then raised at this place; so they dispersed and did nothing. The people became furious, searched for the conspirators, but no one was captured, but many were banished again.
Severe plague and high mortality in Pisa and as a consequence processions, description of the symptoms.
Del mese di luglo incominciò la mortalità in della cità di Pisa, e d'ogosto e di settenbre e d'ottobre ne moriano in della cità per dì moute persone, grandi e picciuli, maschi e femine, ed era molto charcata. Di che a dì V e a dì XIJ d'ottobre si fecie per la cità di Pisa giennerale preccissione, cioè tutta la chericìa ciaschuna capella portando per la cità l'areliquie sante. E anco a dì XV e a dì XV e a dì 19 la domenica, e ogni volta la mattina tornava la ditta procissione a Duomo, cioè la chieza Maggiore di Pisa, e pi si diciea la Messa solenne all'altare Maggiore, e teneasi la mattina li fondachi serrati. E moriano la giente di pistolense chie in due dì, che in tre di, chie in quato chie in cinque dì, cioè di anguinaia, chi di ditelle, chi di male bolle, chie di faoni, chie di sputar sangue.
Outbreak of plague in Swabia, Westphalia, Saxony, Hesse, Thuringia and Limburg.
In Augusto mense (1383) fuit magna pestilencia in partibus Alamanie, Westfalie, Saxonie, Hassie, et ibi maxima, et Thuringie et in Lympurg et aliis multis terrarum partibus, et defuncti sunt plurimi homines.
In the month of August (1383), there was a great plague in the regions of Swabia, Westphalia, Saxony, Hesse, and especially there, and in Thuringia, and in Limburg, and many other parts of the land, and many people died.
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Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 2, pp. 80–83.
Letter of Coluccio Salutati criticising the panic over the plague in Florence
Responsum petit generatio, non dicam perversa et adultera, sed pusilanimis, formidolosa et, ut quod volo breviter attingam, profuga et incerta. Te nunc alloquor, meticulosissime Antoni, qui [p. 81] conceptu metu mortis, quam timere stultissimum est, puta Dei manum eludere et eius inevitabilem sententiam fugiens evitare. Quanto melius esset cogente ratione fateri quod Deus ubique est, quod ipse statuit nobis terminum, quem preterire non licet, et [p. 82] quod illa Dei providentia, cuncta disponens, ab eterno previdit et ante seculum ordinavit fixe atque immobiliter ubi, quomodo et quando cuique moriendum est, ut plane fatendum sit hanc fugam, qua nunc fervet patria nostra, non cautionem, sed insaniam esse; insanian, inquam, vanorum hominum, qui malunt fugiendo suam pusilanimitatem ostendere, quam divinam dispositionem cuncta regere confiteri; quique cum timeant videre sepelire mortuos, auderent se iactare paratos armatis congredi, quos pre ignavia primo conspectu vix possent inter gladios intueri. [...] [p. 83] Sed si vos magis hoc tempore timetis, ego vere non timeo; nam, licet frequentiora funera videam, non me magis scio quam alias esse mortalem, nec de morte sum certior nec minus de hora mortis incertus. Vos, qui trepido pectore quod fugi nequit effugitis, si clarioris intellectus lumen habetis, oppressisse huius infectionem veneni quos non videtis quosve diligitis presagite; ego vero quos efferri videor, mortuos sciam; quos expirasse nunciatum erit, defunctos credam; quos vivos aspexero, letus amplectar; quos vivere percepero, letabor aura frui; de quibus nil audiam, non minus vivos quam mortuos arbitrabor. Nunc, quod avide petitis, scitote me cum tota familia valere. Quod et de vobis, licet, ut creditis, salubriore celo fruamini, crebro audire desidero
Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 2, pp. 88–91
Letter from Coluccio Salutati to Antonio di Ser Chello, in which he criticises the medical theories of the plague, such as that the air is the cause of the plague. He cites examples from Pisa and Viterbo. He also gives data on mortality.
Sed pestis, inquiunt, unicum remedium est de loco infecto ad salubriorem aerem se transferre, que dementia est ab aere non fugere venenoso? Leditur venenis, non alitur, humana natura; (p. 89) hoc medici consulunt, philosophi tenent et certior omni ratione experientia clare docet. Paucos enim ex fugientibus secundum numerum mori, multos vero ex remanentibus videmus extingui, ut cum ex fugientibus vix de centum unus expiret, de stantibus in patria pene quarta aut quinta pars, si recte computaveris, absumatur. Hec sunt fere que dicitis; hec in tanti erroris excusationem, imo iustificationem, si bene concipimus, allegatis. Sed de aere paucis expediam. Si venenosus est, cur non occidit omnes? Sed dices: aptior est unius quam alterius natura tales impressiones accipere. Fateor; venenum autem nullius homini complexioni dicitur convenire, ut saltem, licet non occidat, sensibilie tamen afferat nocumentum. Multos tamen hic videmus hoc tempore non solum non mori, sed nec quidem etiam leviter infirmari. An forsan aliquis hominum nactus est turdorum naturam, quibus napellus suavissimus cibus est, qui ceteros animantes extinguit? Sed esto, venenum sit; non est tamen, ut sensus admonent, adeo violentum quin de multis plurimos non relinquat. Hanc autem fugam, dices, medici consulunt. [...] (p. 90) hi demum, quibus quid et quantum credi debeat et de se patet et experientia quotidiana demonstrat, ne parum multa scire videantur, pestilentie, quam Dei iudicium constat esse, remedium fugam dicunt. Nam quid de philosophis asseram, quorium iudicium solet a physicis in his que medicinam respiciunt communiter reprobari, et qui, etsi pungentibus rationibus aliquid astruant, cogunt id quod affirmant credere potius quam ostendant? Vellem autem unus de medicorum aut philosophorum grege doceret cure in eadem vicinia, ex una domo tot educantur funera quot sint ibi viventes, ex contigua vero nec unius moriatur; cur in illa senes deficiant, in altera pueri; hec masculos, illa mulieres amittat; hec, si quid de complexionibus scire possumus, robustiores perdat, debilioribus reservatis; et denique, quod ante omnia interrogari debuit, quid aerem inficiat et corrumpabat? Et si venti, si paludes, si neglecat cadavera vel aliud quippiam, cur in eadem regione pestiferis his pariter obnoxia, non omnes urbes simul, sed nunc ista, nunc illa de vicinitatis ratione vexetur? Cur extra muros civitatis nostre, quod hoc tempore vidimus, usque in ianuas pestis illas sevierit et intra menia nullus penitus egrotaret? Cur Pisana civitatis inceperit intra menia laborare, cum extra portas ubquie salubriter viveretur? An muro separatur aer salutifer ab infecto? An forsan potest obiectu murorum mors (p. 91) imminens aut pestis veniens arceri? Sed vidi et ego, cum tempore felicis recordationis Urbani quinti curia romana Viterbii tenertur, pestem maximam solum inter curiales et forenses terribiliter debacchari; que quidem ad tria milia virorum absumpsit, cum interea nullus civis cuiuscunque foret etatis et sexus penitus egrotaret.
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Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 2 p. 99
Letter from Coluccio Salutati; he writes that the Plague is almost gone and mortality is decreasing
Sed hic sedatur pestis, aer pulcerrimus et saluber effectus est; iam pauci infirmantur, et ex egrotantibus longe plures liberantur quam pereant.
Procession in Pisa because of the plague and concessions to Lucca, moreover a famine
A dì VIJ di novembre si fecie la preccissione per la cità di Pisa, al modo uzato, e ogni volta li signori Ansiani di (p. 323) Consiglo e consiglava del sì, di dare a li luchezi Librafatta per istare in pacie co lloro, e davalelal. E a questo modo diè a li luchezi Librafatta e Asciano e Avane e moute autre castella dallato di verso Lucha, e alli fiorentini diè Pontadera e Calcinaia e dimoute autre chastella dallato di là verso loro. Di che Pisa era rimasa con poghe chastella. E oltr'a questo tenea la cità in grande carestia da vivere. E per questa cagione fu morto dalli pisani colli suoi figluoli
Joannis de Czarnkow, Chronicon Polonorum, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. 2, p. 619-756, 751f.
In this year raged a great plague in the Mediterranean, in lower Pomerania, in the regions of Sandomierz, Cracov, Bohemia, Silesia and Poland.
107. De pestilentia hominum in diversis mundi partibus saeviente. Anno quoque eodem Romae, in tota fere Italia ac circa mare mediterraneum, in terris quae Meraniae noncupantur et in Pomorania inferiori ac in partibus Sandomiriae, Cracoviae, Bohemiae, Sleziae et Poloniae, per loca tamen diversa, magna pestilencia saeviebat, in qua multi praelati et canonici Poloni Romae et extra obierunt.
About the plague among humans which raged in different parts of the world. In this year in Rome, in almost the whole of Italy and around the Mediterranean, in lands which the Meraniae (?) did not inhabit and in lower Pomerania and in the regions of Sandomierz, Cracov, Bohemia, Silesia and Poland, thus, in very different places, a great plague raged in which many Polish prelates in- and outside of Rome died.
Plague in Pisa and because of that a big procession.
Del mese di ferraio ritornò in della cità di Pisa la mortalità, e del mese di marso vegnente e moriano alcuno per dì di pistolensia, come ditto è in prima. A dì XXVIIIJ di marso Domini milletreciento ottantaquatro, essendo ritornata la mortalità, li signori Ansiani di Pisa mandonno lo bando per la cità di Pisa: che ll'autro dì vegnente, cioè lo lunedì mattina, ognuno maschio e femmine debiano andare a Duomo, a la chieza Maggiore per andara a la preccisione; e che ogni persona della ditta cità tegnia serrate li fondacchi e lle botteghe sine fatta la preccissione. E fési la ditta preccissione al modo uzato, e andónovi li Ansiani con tutto 'l popolo e maschi e femine, grandi e piccioli, e ppoi fatta la preccissione si disse lo solenne uficio della Messa a l'autare Maggiore in Duomo e lla predicha al modo uzato.
In the month of ferraio mortality returned to the city of Pisa, and in the month of marso vegnente and some died in the month of pistolensia, as said before. On the twenty-eighth day of March, one thousand three hundred and eighty-four, mortality having returned, the Lords Ansiani of Pisa sent out a proclamation to the city of Pisa: that on the next coming day, that is on Monday morning, every male and female should go to the Duomo, to the Chieza Maggiore to go to the preccession; and that every person in the city should keep their shops and their purses closed until the preccession was accomplished. And the preccission was carried out in the prescribed manner, and the Ansians went there with all the people, male and female, young and old, and after the preccission was done, the solemn office of the Mass was said at the Major Cathedral altar, and the sermon was preached in the prescribed manner
Template:Cronica di Pisa 2005, pp. 326–328
Return of the plague in Pisa, because of that they ask for a specific relic and organized a solemn procession with other external relics
Tornata la morìa in della cità di Pisa del mese d'aprile e di maggio, di giugno e di luglo, di che ne morìa molti (p. 327) per dì. Fési la preccissione a dì VIIJ luglo sine cinque settimane al modo uzato. A dì IIIJ d'ogosto fue arecato in della cità di Pisa lo santissimo corpo do santo Guiglermo. Fue arecato in della cità di Pisa il quale, cioè le sue ossa, il quale era a Castiglone di Garfagnana di Pisa quine u elli fecie la penetensia per comandamento del papa, che lli signori Ansiani di Pisa mandonno per esse perchè in della cità di Pisa si era la morìa. Di che la domenica mattina funo arecate le ditte ereliquie di santo Guiglermo in della cità di Pisa per la porta di San Marcho in Chinsicha con grandissimo honore e reverentia, che li Ansiani di Pisa con mouti citadini della cità e con tutti li uficiali e con tutta la chericià, frati e preti e abati, e tutte le conpagnie delli Batuti, tutti li andonno incontra e preccissione. E ciaschuno con chandeli di ciera accesi in mano, chie di meza libra e chie di una libra. E tutte le conpagnie delli Battuti con mouti torchi acciesi, tal conpagnia delli Battuti avea quatro torchi acciesi e tal sei e tal otto e tale conpagnia n'avea (p. 328) dodici e tal n'avea vinti. E quelli della Conpagnia di Santo Guiglermo avea ciaschuno uno torchio di ciera accieso in mano di libre due per ciaschuno torchio, e ciaschuno delli antri Battuti aveno uno candelo di meza libra accieso in mano. E fue arecato il ditto corpo di santo Gugliermo in della cità di Pisa inn una chascia covertata di sopra di drappo a oro e di sopra uno richo palio di seta, aconpagnato innanti tutta la chericià di Pisa e colli ditti Battutti inanti al ditto corpo. E li Ansiani colli citadini di Pisa e col Podestà e 'l Capitano del Populo e tutti li uficiali dirieto al ditto corpo, e poi tutte le donne della cità e grandi e picciuli della ditta cità, tutti con grandissima reverentia li andavano dirieto. E lla maggior parte delle persone andonno dirieto al corpo con candeli di ciera acciesi in mano, e aconpagnónolo sine alla chieza Maggiore di Pisa. E posato che ffu alla ditta chieza e posto in sullo altare Maggiore di Pisa, sìe si disse una Messa solenne all'altare Maggiore cantando. E 'l ditto corpo fue post in sullo altare di Santo Ranieri in della ditta chieza, e ogn'omo andavano a baciare la ditta chascia ove erano lo ditto corpo con grande reverense, omini e donne e grandi e picciuli. E ppoi ditta la Messa lo ditto corpo fue portato al Palagio dellia Ansiani di Pisa con grandissima reverentia. E quine riposto con grande guardia avendo tuttavia le chiave dello cascione lo Priore delli Ansiani e un'autra n'avea lo abate della chieza di Santo Guiglermo da Chastiglone, il quale n'è guardiano del ditto corpo, e tuttavia il ditto abate stava in dello Palagio delli Ansiani ocn due suoi monaci di dì e di notte a spese del Comune di Pisa, e lli Ansiani fecie loro grande onore e donamenti.
Template:Cronica di Pisa 2005, pp. 328–330.
Many processions with relics in Pisa in August because of the plague and it leads to many miracles like healings.
He a dì x ditto mese d'agosto si fecie per la cità di Pisa una solenne preccessione al modo uzato, con tutta la chericìa di Pisa e tutte le conpagnie delli Batutti della cità e con tutte ereliquie della cità e con sangue di santo Piero, di sopra con uno palio di drappo di seta portato da quatro preti, le ditte reliquie e ssìe lo ditto palio e anco, al ditto modo, lo (p. 329) ditto corpo di santo Guiglermo e con muoti torchi acciesi intorno al ditto corpo a spese del Comune di Pisa, cioè XXIIIJ torchi di ciera. E poi tornati alla chieza Maggiore sìe si fecie solenne uficio della Messa allo altare Maggiore, e tutte le botteghe delli mercatanti e artefici teneano serrate sino a l'ufficio, e tutto lo populo, omini e donne, grandi e picciuli vi funno alla preccissione e alla Messa. L'autra mattina vegnente si fecie la preccissione intorno a Duomo alla chieza Maggiore al modo uzato. E poi ditto l'uficio della Messa si mostròno le ditte ereliquie in sul pervio Maggiore del Duomo, cioè l'ossa di santo Guiglermo: inprima mostròe lo capo e poi la spalla e poi lo braccio, e così tutte l'ossa del suo corpo santissimo si mostrò a uno a uno. E ppoi le misseno in della ditta chascia e poi lo puoseno in ssullo altare della Incoronata in ditta chieza. E fuvi menata una dona, la quale era forte tormentata da mali ispiriti ch'ella avea adosso, e lo abate di santo Guiglermo li puose la cascia col ditto corpo di santo Guiglermo adosso, e subitamente fue diliberata. E in quel dì ne diliberò molte persone. E a dì XIJ e a dì XIIJ ditto mese d'ogosto si fecie la preccissione intorno a Duomo al modo uzato con tutte ereliquie, e com'è ditto di sopra. (p. 330) A dì XVJ ditto mese d'ogosto la mattina inanti dì a tre ore inssine a meza tersa e poi inanti nona sine a ditto lo Vespro, si mostronno le ditte ereliquie di santo Guiglermo in della chieza dello Palagio delli Ansiani di Pisa, e ogn'omo, maschi e femmine lo potea baciare. E così a dì 17 e a dì XVIIJ si mostróno in del ditto Palagio, cioè in della chiostra giuso che vvi si fecie uno altare, e quine si mostravano le ditte ereliquie. E ognuno, maschi e femmine, grandi e picciuli, li andavano a baciare, chie li donava denari, chie chandeli di ciera, e ciaschuno li avea grande devosione, avendo ciaschuno fede grande sì per li meriti e gratie del nostro Signore Iddio e del beato santo Guiglermo di ciessare questa pistolentia della morìa. Amen. Sappiate che queste ereliquie di santo Guiglermo fecie in Pisa dimouti mirachuli di guarire altri di molte infermità e liberare dimouti indimoniati, cioè lo primo idì ch'entrò in Pisa e sinché stette in della cità fecie molti e grandissimi mirachuli. A dì XVIIJ d'ogosto si fecie la proccissione per la cità di Pisa al modo uzato, con tutte le ereliquie di Pisa e col ditto corpo di santo Guiglermo.
On the tenth day of the said month of August, a solemn celebration was held in the city of Pisa, in the manner described above, with the entire Church of Pisa and all the congregations of the Batutti of the city, and with all the relics of the city and the blood of Saint Piero, with a silk banner, carried by four priests, the said relics and the said banner, and also, in the said manner, the body of Saint Guiglermo, and with the said body of the saint. 329) ditto corpo di santo Guiglermo e con muoti torchi acciesi intorno al ditto corpo a spese del Comune di Pisa, cioè XXIIIJ torchi di ciera. And then returned to the Chieza Maggiore and the solemn office of the Mass was held at the main altar, and all the shops of the merchants and artisans were closed until the office, and all the people, men and women, young and old, took part in the preaching and the Mass. On the previous morning, the preccession was held around the Duomo at the Chieza Maggiore in the usual manner. Then, after the Mass was said, the bones of Saint Guiglermo were displayed in the Cathedral's main periphery, that is, the bones of Saint Guiglermo: first the head was displayed, then the shoulder and then the arm, and thus all the bones of his most holy body were displayed one by one. And then they placed them in the altar of the Incoronata in the church. And a woman was brought there, who was greatly tormented by the inspired evils that she had on her, and the abbot of Saint Guiglermo placed the casket with the said body of Saint Guiglermo on it, and she was immediately freed. And in that day he freed many people from it. And on dì XIJ and dì XIIJ of the said month of August, the pre-commission was carried out around the Duomo in the manner described above, with all the hereliquies, and as is said above. (p. 330) On the fifteenth day of the month of August, in the morning, at three hours past midday and then in the ninth hour after Vespers, the said relics of Saint Guiglermo were displayed in the church of the Palagio delli Ansiani in Pisa, and every man, male and female, could kiss them. And so on dì 17 and dì XVIIJ they were shown in the aforesaid palace, that is, in the cloister down there an altar was made, and there the said relics were shown. And each one, male and female, young and old, went to kiss them, some gave them money, some gave them wax, and each one had great devotion to them, each one having great faith in the merits and graces of our Lord God and the blessed saint Guiglermo to cease this pistolentia of death. Amen. Know that these hereliquies of Saint Guiglermo worked many miracles in Pisa, curing others of many infirmities and freeing those who had fallen ill, that is, the first day he entered Pisa and as long as he remained in the city, he worked many and very great miracles. On the 17th of August, the procession was made through the city of Pisa in the manner described above, with all the relics of Pisa and the said body of Saint Guiglermo.
Template:Cronica di Pisa 2005, pp. 330–331.
The return of the relics of Saint Guiglemo from Pisa to Castiglione di Garfagnana, the announcement of papal indulgences in Pisa, and the plague considerably diminished until November .
A dì XXVJ ditto mese d'ogosto si partì di Pisa lo ditto abate di Santo Guiglermo colli suoi monaci collo ditto corpo di santo Guiglermo, e portònolo al monasterio di Santo Guiglermo ch'è di sopra a Castiglone della Peschaia del Comuno di Pisa. E andonne bene aconpagnato con ccierti e (p. 331) di citadini con mouti homini armati a chavallo, soldati dal Comune di Pisa. E lli Ansiani di Pisa li fecieno demouti doni a l ditti monaci. Di una lettera di córpa e di pena mandata in Pisa dal papa: A dí IIIJ di settenbre si fecie preccissione intorno a Duomo al modo uzato, poi si disse in della ditta chieza l'uficio della Messa allo altare Maggiore. E poi che ffue levato lo Corpo di Cristo, si montò in perbio lo notaio dell'arccivescho di Pisa e lesse la lettera che avea mandata il papa Urbano di Roma: che qualunqua persona maschio e femina della cità di Pisa e del contado e ssuo distretto morisse, essendo ben con<fe>sso e pentuto, sia asoluto di colpa e di pena in questo modo, ch'elli debii mandare per uno conffessoro, quali piace, e debiasi conffessare di buon cuore e ss'elli avesse nulla cosa non fusse licita lo debian sodisfare e lassare che ssia sodisfatto. E questa lettera vale dal dì ditto sine a dì primo di dicenbre. E lla ditta morìa era mouto chalata, ch'ella restò del mese di novenbre prossimo
On the twenty-fifth day of the month of August, the said abbot of Saint Guiglermo left Pisa with his monks with the said body of Saint Guiglermo, and took it to the monastery of Saint Guiglermo, which is above Castiglone della Peschaia in the Commune of Pisa. And he went well aconpagnato con ccierti e (p. 331) di citadini con mouti homini armati a chavallo, soldati dal Comune di Pisa. E lli Ansiani di Pisa fecieno demouti doni a l ditti monaci. A letter of condemnation and punishment sent to Pisa by the Pope: IIII of september a preccission was made around the cathedral in the manner prescribed, then the office of the Mass was said at the main altar. And after the Body of Christ had been lifted, the notary of the archbishop of Pisa mounted in the perbio and read the letter that Pope Urban of Rome had sent: that any male or female person in the city of Pisa, the countryside and its district who dies, if he or she is well acquitted and punished, is to be absolved of guilt and punishment in this way, that he or she is to send for a councillor, as he or she pleases, and is to be willingly acquiesced, and if he or she has anything that is not permitted, he or she is to be satisfied and allowed to be satisfied. And this letter is valid from the said day until the first day of December. And his death was so much calmed, that it remained from the month of November next
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 50.
[6893] Того же лѣта моръ великъ бысть въ Смоленцѣ.
This year (1385) there was a great epidemic in Smolensk.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 212.
Toгo же лѣтa [6894] моръ великъ бысть въ Cмолньсцѣ.
That year 1386 there was a great plague[1] in Smolensk.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 136.
Toгo же лѣтa [6894] моръ быcть въ Cмолньсцѣ cилeнъ нaдъ людми великъ.
That year 1386 the plague was very severe[1] among the people of Smolensk.
Codex iuris municipalis regni Bohemiae, vol. 4, 1 (1954), p. 191f.
In 1386 (?) The convent of the Premonastensian monastery of Teplice, (northwestern Bohemia) grants benefits to the inhabitants of the town of Hroznětín (Lichtenstadt), who have been burdened by the plague as well as by taxes and other extractions.
abbas [...] totusque conventus monasterii Teplensis Premonstratensis ordinis Pragensis diocesis recognoscimus et notum facimus tenore praesentium universis, praesentibus et futuris, quod iudex et iurati totaque communitas pauperum et fidelium nostrorum Lucidae Civitatis, attoniti pestilencia hominum, quae proxime Domino permitente nimis invaluerat, tum propter frequentes exactiones et bernas regales, tum ut possessiones et bona desolata nostri monasterii melius citius locarentur et reformarentur [...]
The abbot [...] and the whole convent of the Premonastensian monastery of Teplice, diocese of Prague, acknowledge and make it known to all, present and future, by the tenor of these presented [letters], that the judge, the sworn, and the entire community of the poor and faithful in our town of Hroznětín was struck by the plague of humans, which had recently, with the permission of the Lord, excessively prevailed. Both because of frequent exactions and royal taxes, and in order that the desolate possessions and goods of our monastery might be more quickly and effectively leased and restored [...].
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 18.
883. In deme sulven jare was en grot plage menliken over de werlt, also dat de lude sere hosteden, unde dar starf vele wolkes van.
883. In the same year (1387) was a great human plague over the world, so that the people coughed severely, and many people died from it.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 17.
Great plague in Hamburg, Wismar and Ribnitz.
881. In dem sulven jare was grot pestilencie to hamborch, to der Wismere, to Ribnisse; de warde byna en jaar.
881. In the same year (1387) was a great plague in Hamburg, Wismar and Ribnitz; it lasted almost one year.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 772
A deadly disease came to Strasbourg, which was strongest during the Lent.
Ein siechtage von dem flosse. Do men zalte 1387 jor, do kam ein gemeinre siechtage in alle lant von dem flosse und huften, das under zehen menschen kume eis gesunt bleip. und wurdent die lüte in dem selben siechtagen verrihtet und bewart zum tode, doch koment sü vil bi alle uf, one die alten lüten die disen siechtagen von alter und von swacheit nüt möhtent überwinden: der starp vil. dirre sichtage was aller groest in der vasten. dovon hette men in der selben vasten veil fleisch, eyger und ander ding, also ob es uffewendig der vasten were gewesen. Disen siechtagen nantent etliche den ganser oder den bürzel.
A disease of the flux. In the year 1387, a widespread disease of the flux and pestilence came to all lands, and it was feared that out of ten people, only one would remain healthy. During this same plague, people were afflicted and died, but many died, except for the elderly who could not overcome the plague due to age and weakness. This plague was the worst during Lent. During that Lent, people consumed a lot of meat, eggs, and other foods, as if it were necessary for Lent. Some referred to this plague as the "ganser" or the "bürzel."
Many people fell ill with a cold following a period of warm and humid weather from November to January. Many people of all ages and sexes died, but more older people than younger ones.
Capitolo XVII. -Come molti infreddarono in Firenze e non per grande freddo che fosse. Del mese di gennaio nel 1386 (st. Fior.) infreddò in Firenze quasi ogni gente e non fu per grande freddo che fosse; ma fu che da calendi di novembre infino a gennaio fu sempre l'aere calda e umida, e dissesi che quella generò quello infreddare; e addivenia che, quando cominciava lo infreddare, a tutti venía la febbre e molta gente uccise, e giovani e vecchi e molte femine. Ma pure de' vecchi moriron più che de' giovani e durò infino a mezzo febbraio e molto isbigotti i cittadini però che di morte fece grande danno alle cittade.
Chapter XVII - How many in Florence caught a cold, not because of the extreme cold In January 1386 ( Flor. cal.) almost everyone in Florence caught a cold, and this was not due to extreme cold. It is said that this was due to the warm and humid weather from 1 November [1366] to January [1377]. As soon as the cold started, everyone caught a fever and many people died, both young and old, and many women. But older people died more than young people, and this continued until mid-February, causing great concern to the citizens, as death caused great damage to the cities.
A influenza-like epidemic breaks out around the middle of March in the bishoprics of Cologne and Liège and in the counties of Loon and Namur. Affected people cought a lot, experience hoarness, and some of them die.
Anno Domini M°CCCLXXXVII, circa medium marcii, venit quedam pestis super cunctum populum in episcopatu Leodiensi, Coloniensi, comitatu Losensi et Namureensi, tussis scilicet et raucitas, unde plures mortui sunt. Et pauci tamen citius sanabantur aliis eruentando per nares vel alio modo.
In the year of the Lord 1387, a kind of plague affected everyone in the bishoprics of Liège and Cologne, and in the counties of Namur and Looz. It was characterized by coughing and hoarseness, and several people died. Some healed very quickly, others expectorated a lot through the nostrils or otherwise.
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1387-03-00-Belgium-South West Germany# QUERYc22d5d56bfd2b602c455629d939a4de4
Some people are affected by ulcers in Liège.
Anno Domini M°CCCLXXXVIII , in marcio et circa, habuerunt plures ulcera in corporibus suis sicut preterito anno habuerunt reumata.
The year of the Lord 1388, in March several people had ulcers on their bodies, like others have had rheumatism last year.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 24.
Great plague in Lübeck until the intervention of God
896. In deme sulven jare was pestilentia so grot to Lubeke, dat van sunte Peters und Pauls dage bet der weken vor sunte Mertens dage storven dar wol 16 000 volkes; unde do vorbarmede sik God dar over dat dat stervent uphelt.
896. In the same year (1388) was the plague so strong in Lübeck, that from the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul to the before Saint Martin's Day died around 16 000 people; and then God had mercy on them, so that the dying stopped.
Great mortality throughout Lombardy, particularly in Milan, Pavia, Verona, Cremona, Parma, Ferrara and also in Venice. Many people fled like the Count of Vertù.
Capitolo XXIV. - Di grande mortalità suta in Lombardia e a Vinegia. Molto grande mortalità fu in quest'anno in tutta Lombardia cominciando del mese di luglio, e moriano di febbri pestilenziose e da posteme velenose e fu molto grande in Milano e in Pavia e in Verona e in Cremona e in Parma e in Ferrara, e quasi in tutte le città lombarde. E 'l Conte di Vertù, per la grande paura ch'avea di morire, andava ora in una terra, ora in un'altra fuggendo la mortalità; e si celatamente andava tramutando luogo che spesse volte avvenia che dov'elli si fosse non si potea sapere; e per la molta gente che vi morirono, molte terre rimasero mezze abbandonate e diserte. Ancora venne la detta mortalità in Vinegia e molti nobili cittadini consumò in quella e molto diminuì di gente quella città; e per questo molti cittadini veniziani si fuggiron quindi e andaron in luoghi istrani, e la maggior parte camparo della detta mortalità; e poi quando tornarono a Vinegia fu grande allegrezza e da tutti i cittadini fu fatta loro e parve loro esser molto ristorati nella città; nondimeno rimase la città con molto minore numero di gente.
Chapter XXIV - Of the great mortality in Lombardy and Venice. This year, from July onwards, there was a very high mortality rate throughout Lombardy. People died of pestilential fevers and poisonous abscesses, and mortality was particularly high in Milan, Pavia, Verona, Cremona, Parma and Ferrara and almost all Lombard towns. The Count of Vertù fled for fear of dying, constantly changing his whereabouts to avoid mortality. His whereabouts were often so secret that nobody knew where he was. Due to the many deaths, many towns were left half-deserted. Mortality also spread to Venice, claiming the lives of many respected citizens and significantly reducing the city's population; as a result, many Venetian citizens fled to other countries, where most survived the epidemic. When they returned to Venice, there was great joy and they were warmly welcomed by all the citizens. Nevertheless, the city was left with far fewer people.
Outbreak of plague in Bingen, Mainz, along the Rhine and in Franconia. It affected mainly children and young people.
Item in illis diebus (1389) erat iterum pestilencie epidimia in partibus Rheni, maxime in Pinguia et partibus circumsitis et Maguncia, et maxime infestabat iuventutem et infantes, et erat talis pestilencia in Franckonia et multis aliis terre.
Also, in those days (1389), there was again an epidemic of pestilence in the regions of the Rhine, especially in the Palatinate and surrounding areas, and in Mainz, and it mostly afflicted the youth and infants. Such a pestilence was also present in Franconia and many other lands.
1389-00-00-Bingen# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 284.
Unknown plague in Iceland in 1389.
kynia sott vm alt Ijsland suo akof at varlla vard sialf birgt æ bæium ok do æcki margt folk or.
(1389) Strange disease all around Iceland so that the towns were barely supplie, but not many people died.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 30.
Great plague in Lübeck and north of the Elbe.
910. In deme sulven jare was grot pestilencia in allen landen unde steden, belegen in dat norden van der elve ane alleyne in der stad to Lubeke; de vorzach God mit sinen gnaden.
910. In the same year (1389) was a great plague in all lands and cities, in the north of the Elbe River and particularly in the city of Lübeck; than God forgave with His mercy.
Grain increased a lot in price and the municipality of Florence had to import grain, otherwise there would have been a great famine. In Pistoia, Arezzo and Città di Castello was a great mortality because of the plague.
Capitolo XXVIII. - Che valse il grano e'l vino in questo anno in Firenze, e come la mortalità fu nel loro contado in più parti. Questo anno fu molto caro il grano in Firenze, alcuna volta valse lo staio lire tre, e 'l vino valse di vendemia dieci fiorini il cogno perché ne fu molto poco,' e tutte l'altre cose furon care mollo, e alli poveri mancò il guadagno, e a' cittadini crebbono le spese, e a gran parte de' cittadini pareva istar male; e se non fosse che 'l Comune, con grande sollecitudine e spese, fece venire di Pelago di mollo grano di più parti del mondo circa di 30 milia moggia, grande moltitudine di gente nella città e nel contado arebbono patito grandissima nicistà di vittuvaglia; ma quel grande riparo li salvò. In questo anno medesimo fu grande mortalità in Pistoia e in tutti li luoghi e intorno a quella; e morivano di posteme pestilenziose e velenose in due o in tre di; e alla città d'Arezzo e in tutto il suo contado cominciarono a morire di pestilenzia, ed ebbevi Castello che vi mori più che 'l terzo delle bocche. E ancora la della mortalità in molte terre d' Italia grandissima; della qual cosa molto isbigottirono i Fiorentini temendo di non averla l'anno vegnente.
Chapter 28: The development of the value of grain and wine in Florence this year and the mortality in its surroundings. Grain was very expensive in Florence that year. Sometimes a bushel cost three lire, and the wine of the harvest was sold for ten florins a barrel, because there was very little of it. All other things were also expensive and the poor lacked income, while expenses for the citizens increased, causing great inconvenience to many citizens. If the municipality had not taken great care and expense to import large quantities of grain from Pelago and other parts of the world, some 30,000 moggia, there would have been a great famine in the city and the countryside. But these extensive measures saved them. In the same year there was a great mortality in Pistoia and in all the surrounding areas. People died of pestilential and toxic abscesses every two or three days. In the city of Arezzo and its entire surrounding area, they began to die of the plague, and in Castello more than a third of the population died. Mortality was also very high in many other parts of Italy, which worried the Florentines greatly, as they feared they would suffer the same fate the following year.
1389-00-00-Pistoia# QUERY65ef0fce831249f1cb0a9e55cdda6be0
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 383.
Great plague in Pleskov in spring.
И тои веснѣ [6897] бысть моръ великъ во Пьсковѣ, а знамение железою[1]. И тъи веснѣ ѣздилъ владыка Иванъ въ Пьсковь, и молитвою его преста моръ въ Пьсковѣ; и прииха владыка Иванъ в Новъгород, а вси около его здравѣ.
And in that spring 1389 there was a great plague in Pskov, the symptoms being the cerebral oedema/swelling/blisters[2]. Vladyka Ivan went in the same spring to Pleskov, and through his prayers the plague ceased in Pskov, and Vladyka Ivan returned to Novgorod, and all those with him, in good health.
1389-00-00-Pleskov# QUERYc88ca24fae3132ba8ac1ad3c54e6e9a9
И тъи веснѣ ѣздилъ владыка Иванъ въ Пьсковь, и молитвою его преста моръ въ Пьсковѣ; и прииха владыка Иванъ в Новъгород, а вси около его здравѣ. Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 383.
И тои веснѣ [6897] бысть моръ великъ во Пьсковѣ, а знамение железою[1]
And in that spring 1389 there was a great plague in Pskov, the symptoms being the cerebral oedema/swelling/blisters[2]. Vladyka Ivan went in the same spring to Pleskov, and through his prayers the plague ceased in Pskov, and Vladyka Ivan returned to Novgorod, and all those with him, in good health.
И тъи веснѣ ѣздилъ владыка Иванъ въ Пьсковь
Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986, p. 97
Mortality in Florence and people flee to Bologna
Chome messer Beltotto inghilese fue fatto nostro chapitano contro a' sanesi, e chome fu morìa […]La morìa è chominciata i Firenze e per lo chontado, e moionciene ogni in dì da XX a XXX. Molti cittadini si sono partiti e partono e fughono la mortalità a Bolognia. […]
How Messer Beltotto, an Englishman, became our Captain against the Sienese and how he died. The mortality began in Florence and its surrounding areas, every day there died 20 to 30 people. Many citizens had already left and still flee from the mortality to Bologna.
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784, p. 113
In January and February fine weather and the crops were of good quality. The entire year was a plague. The harvest was small, except for the wine and oil.
Nota, che nel 1390. secondo la Natività di Cristo, fu Pasqua di Natale in sabato, calende di Gennaio in sabato. Del mese di Gennaio (p. 113) fu bel tempo, e fecesi bella sementa. Entrò Febbraio con bel tempo. Nel detto anno fu Carnesciale a dì 15. di Febbraio; Pasqua di Suresso fu a'dì 3. d'Aprile. Le biade, cioe il grano in erba era, e fu molto bello, e ricordoti fu bella sementa di biade minute. Fu mortalità l'anno quasi per tutto il mondo, fu nelle parti die quà in Firenze; la ricolta fu innanzi piccola, che grande di biada, e di vino, e d'olio fu assai.
Note that in 1390, according to the birth of Christ, Christmas was on Saturday and the calends of January were also on Saturday. In the month of January, the weather was fine and good seed was sown. February began with fine weather. This year, Carnival fell on February 15; Easter was on April 3. The crops, especially the growing wheat, were very good and a good crop of small grains was sown. Pestilence prevailed throughout the year almost all over the world, including Florence. The harvest was small rather than large, but there was plenty of wine and oil.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa, т. III, Mocквa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 383-384.
Great plague in Novgorod the Great in autumn
Тои же осени бысть моръ силенъ велми в Новѣгородѣ; все лучися приити на ны по грѣхомъ нашим, велие множество крестиянъ умре по всим улицамъ; сице же знамение на людех: при смерти явится железа; пребывъ три дни, умре. Тогда же поставиша церковь святого Афанасиа въ единъ день, и свяща ю архиепископъ новгородчкыи владыка Иоанъ съ игумены и с попы и с крилосом святыя Софѣя; божьею же милостью и святыя Софѣя, стояниемъ и владычнимъ благословениемъ и преста моръ.
The same autumn there was a great plague in Novgorod; all this came upon us because of our sins; a great number of Christians died in all the streets. And this was the symptom in people : a swelling would appear, and having lived three days [the man] would die. Then they erected a church to St. Afanasi in a single day, and Vladyka loan, Vladyka of Novgorod, consecrated it, with all the Igumens and priests and with the choir of St. Sophia; so by God's mercy and the intercession of St. Sophia, and by the blessing of the Vladyka, the plague ceased.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa
Great mortality in Rome, in Metz and in Liège.
In diebus illis fuit magna mortalitas hominum Rome et eciam Metis, specialiter supra Leodium. Dominus enim papa propter brevitatem vite humanae reduxerat quinquagesimum annum indulgenciarum ad XXXIII annos. Unde propter indulgencias multi peregrini et clerici hoc anno iruerunt Romam. Et nescio si ex corruptione aeris vel occulto Dei judicio propter multitudinem populi illuc convenientis fuit tunc tempus ibi carum in victualibus specialiter in pane, et magna mortalitas hominum ita quod plusquam CCC milia hominum ibi obierunt, ut famabatur. Ymmo etiam dominus papa Bonifacius fuit percussus illa infirmitate, sed per misericordiam Dei evasit et fugit usque Griet.
At that time, there was a great mortality in Rome, in Metz and especially in Liege. Understanding to the brevity of human life, the Pope reduced the jubilee cycle from 50 years to 33 years. Because of this new indulgences, many pilgrims and clerics went to Rome. And, I do not know if this happened because of a corrupted air or because of a secret divine judgment, but because of the multitude of pilgrims the price of food, especially bread, increased a lot. There was also a great mortality, so that it is said that 300,000 people died. Even Pope Boniface was affected by this disease, but thanks to God he escaped.
The plague raged in Florence causing many deaths. To predict the plague with the help of the moon was impossible. Many citizens fled from the city to safer places.
Capitolo XXXVI. — D'una mortalità che fu a Firenze e nel contado in questo anno. Infino del mese di Luglio cominciò in Firenze nell'anno 1390 infermità di pondi, e' medici diceano ch'era ramo di pestilenza. Questo male era lungo, però che più d'un mese durava, e poi la maggior parte di quelli che l'aveano, morivano; e questo male era sozzo e spiacevole, però che per lo gittare del sangue che facea quello che l'avea, appuzzava tutta la casa dove alcuno n'era. Era questo male, a colui che l'avea, con gran doglie di corpo, d'onde seguiva grandi e dolorosi rammarichii; e molti uomeni e donne e fanciulli uccise, e durò insino passato mezzo settembre. E ancora in questo tempo cominciaro alcuni ad avere certe aposteme pestilenziose, e questi morivano in pochi di; e duraro queste aposteme infino del mese di novembre, e molta gente uccise in questo tempo. Poi del detto mese di novembre mancò e quasi ristette. In questo tempo alcuna volta morivano molta gente, alcuna volta quando la luna era tonda, alcuna quando ell'era iscema, e cosi alcuna volta quando ella cresceva; e cosi non si potea per niuno avvisare quando questa infruenza fosse minore o maggiore. E fu la detta mortalità in questo tempo nel contado di Firenze in simile modo, e molta gente uccise. Di che molti cittadini fuggirò fuori della città e del contado in molti luoghi, e li più vi stettono infino di novembre 1391, per certificarsi di quello che la mortalità che facesse e come finisse.
Chapter XXXVI - About a mortality that occurred in Florence and its surroundings in that year. By the month of July, in the year 1390, a disease began in Florence which the doctors said was a branch of the plague. This disease lasted a long time, about a month, and then the majority of those who had it died. This disease was dirty and unpleasant because the person who had it contaminated the whole house where someone was staying by spitting blood. The one who was sick suffered from severe body aches, which caused great and painful discomfort. Many men, women and children died and it lasted until mid-September. At this time, some also began to get certain pestilential abscesses, and these died in a few days. These abscesses lasted until the month of November, and many people died during this time. Then in the said month of November, the mortality decreased or almost stopped. During this time, sometimes many people died, sometimes when the moon was full, sometimes when it was waning, and sometimes when it was waxing. It was therefore impossible to predict when this epidemic would be weaker or stronger. The aforementioned mortality occurred in the same way around Florence during this period and killed many people. Many citizens fled from the city and the surrounding area to various places, and most stayed until November 1391 to see how the mortality rate was progressing and to find out when the epidemic would end.
The plague affects Lucca and Pisa
The divine goodness, seeing that the citizens of Lucca and the peasants had reached such discord, did not want to take away the free will of reasonable men to discern good from evil. Seeing that despite this, the discord in Lucca continued to grow and past examples served little, in His wisdom, decided that, in the absence of any other way, they might abandon their bad intentions at least out of fear of divine judgment. And so it was by His will that first in Lucca and then in the countryside, the contagion spread with groin inflammations, buboes, boils, and abscesses; because of this, many citizens from both factions left Lucca in the month of October and went either to Pietrasanta or other places. Many citizens perished due to the contagion, and great damage was caused by it. Among others, Bonagiunta Schezza died, who, as a lot-drawer, had warned Messer Bartolomeo that he had been excluded..
The great plague in Novgorod the Great.
Toгo же лѣтa [6899] нa зимy быcть въ Hoвoгopoдцexъ моръ вeликъ.
This year [1391/1392?] for winter was a great plague among the inhabitants of Novgorod.
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1391.html (20 April 2020).
A procession is organized in Montpellier on the 17th of September against the mortality of bosse that affects the city since three months.
[...] Et fouc fach per las causas dessus dichas et per so que Nostre Senhor nos volgues ostar las pestilencias de las bossas et de febres et de mortz que avian renhat plus de III mes en aquesta villa et tot lo paÿs [...]
And it has been held for the all the above mentioned reasons and for asking Our Lord to rescue us from the pestilence of bosse, from the fiver and the mortality that raged in the city and across the country since three months.
1391-06-00-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1391.html (last access [20 April 2020]).
The mortality that began in June continues to spread in Montpellier and across the country. The bishop of Maguelone is asked to prolong the papal indulgence for three more months.
Item, car la sancta indulgencia de nostresenhr lo papa dessus dicha devia falhir a VIII de dezembre & car la pestilencia de bossas et de febres et d’autres duravan encares, per la qual eron mortz effans et gens joves sens nombre et personas vielhas alcunas, per so, los senhors cossols escrisseron a nostresenhr lo papa et a monsen de Magalona per alongar la dicha indulgencia, la qual nostresenhr lo papa alonguet a autres III mezes.
The effect of the above mentioned papal indulgence should stop on the 8th of December. But the pestilence of bosse that already killed numerous childre and young people, as well as some old persons, continued to rage. Therefore, the consulate asked to the bishop of Maguelone to prolong this indulgence for three more months
1391-12-00-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
A procession is organized in Montpellier to thank God that the mortality that began in June 1391 almost ceased.
Item, dimergue a XXI de genoier, car la dicha pestilencia era cays cessada, la gracia de Dieu, en Montpelier et entorn, et per so car lo gran conseilh de nostre senhor lo rey de Fransa et del rey d’Englaterra devian esser enssems en las partidas de Picardia lo jorn de Nostra Dona la Candeloza per lo fach de la pas, per so, los senhors cossols feron far una autra procession general que dessus, am la ymage d’argent de Nostra Dona de Taulas et lo cors sans et lo cap de monsen sant Cleophas ; et fes lo sermon deavant lo consolat magister P. Borron, magister en theologia, de predicadors ; et cantet la messa dessot la vouta frayre Johan Costea de Montpellier, prior del covent de predicadors d’aquesta vila, per rendre gracias a Nostre Senhor de la dicha cessation de la pestilencia et preguan lo que nos done bona pas.
1392-01-21-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
A mortality in Eisenach kills 3.400 people in half a year.
In deme selbin jare (1393) was also eyn großis sterbin das man beschrebin hatte XXXIIII hundert mensche yn eyme halbin jare.
In the same year (1393) there was a great mortality, and 3.400 people died in half a year, as it has been written.
Anno 1393 domina Dyemudis abatissa in Nunburg obiit, in pestilencia quadam particulari Salczburge et circumcirca satis magna tunc temporis regnante.
In the year 1393, Lady Dyemudis, abbess in the Nonnberg monsastery, passed away during a certain pestilence that was quite widespread at that time particularly in Salzburg and its surrounding areas.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 60-61.
Great plague and fire in Halle.
994. In deme sulven jare do was in der stad to halle in Sassen grot bedrufnisse: de koge was dar swinde grot von mercliken luden, de (p. 61) dar sturven; ok was to der sulven tiid grot brant van erme eghenen vure also dat dat drudde del der stadt vorbrande.
994. In the same year (1394) there were great happenings in the city Halle in Saxony: the plague affected a huge amount the people, who died of it; in the same time there was a great fire from an own blaze, so that the horror burned down the city.
Annales Glogovienses, in: Script. rer. Siles., vol 10, ed. Markgraf (1877), p. 17.
A plague in the year 1395 caused the death of nearly 2.000 inhabitants of Głogów in Lower Silesia.
A(nno) d(omini) 1395 fuit magna pestilentia in Glogovia, quod pene 2000 hominum morte praeventi fuerunt.
In the year of the Lord 1395 there was a great pestilence in Głogów, through which almost 2.000 humans were overtaken by death.
A severe plague strikes Limburg.
Item in den selben jaren da waren große sterben in Duschen landen. Unde der großen pestelencien han ich vir gesehen und irlebet.
In those same year (1395), there were great dyings in the German lands. And I have seen and experienced four of these great pestilences.
1395-00-00-Limburg# QUERYdf63ea120d1fbfec022a11cda907b6a2
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, p. 294
A great mortality in Magdeburg, afflichting mostly children, is connected with a dearth and food scarcity caused by Danish-Swedisch war. Mortality had been prevalent since 1391.
In dussem sulven jare (1395) storven vele lude und bi namen untellike kinder. Dat stervent hadde gewart wol veir jar, dat de lude in dusser stad an underlat storven. In dissen veir jaren was strenge tid an korn, an spise, an heringe und an allerleie kopmescop; dat makede ein grot krich de dar was twischen den twey koningen Denemakren nd Sweden.
In the same year (1395) many people died, especially countless children. The mortality had probably lasted four years, during which the people in this city died without ceasing. During these four years there was a great shortage of grain, food, herring and all kinds of goods. This was because of a great war between the two kings of Denmark and Sweden.
Ludolf of Sagan, Catalogus abbtum Saganensium, in: Script. rer. Siles., vol 10, ed. Markgraf (1877), p. 173-528, 232.
The year 1395 saw the first occurence of the plague in the monastery of Żagań.
Hujus anno primo pestilencia inter fratres alios magistrum Petrum de Legenicz, tunc prepositum hospitalis, columpnam religionis extinxit.
In this year the first pestilence among the brother extinguished, among others, Master Petrus de Legenicz, the provost of the hospital, a column of religion.
[https://arcinsys.hessen.de/arcinsys/digitalisatViewer.action?detailid=v515873 Stadtbuch der Stadt Gelnhausen (1361–1503), HStA Marburg, Bestand S, Nr. 323, fol. 37r].
Many people died in Gelnhausen in the summer of 1395. The dying started on the day of St Margaret (the Virgin, July 20th).
Anno 1395. großes Sterben zu Gelnhusen. In dem jare noch Crists geburte MoCCColxxxv jare in dem sommer zu Sancte Margarethen tage hub ein sterben an, hie czu Gelnhusen, und sturben mer dann XXIc mentschen.. davon wart die stad ser wußte. und die ußern gaßen, die deß males in guden buwen stunden, sint sieder verfalln und zu garthen gemacht.
In the year 1395. Great death in Gelnhausen. In the year after the birth of Christ 1395 in the summer on the day of St Margaret there started a dying here in Gelnhausen and more than 2100 people died. By this the town was devastated and the outer streets, which were in good shape at the time, have expired since then and have been made gardens.
[https://arcinsys.hessen.de/arcinsys/digitalisatViewer.action?detailid=v515873 Stadtbuch der Stadt Gelnhausen (1361–1503)
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1396.html (20 April 2020).
Epidemic of smallpox la (picota) all over Languedoc. It affects children and adults.
Item, lo dich an, en los petitz enfans et ausi en mots grans corrie la picota et fonc general en tota Lenguadoc.
This year, smallpox ("la picota") has been virulent among children and adults, and it spread all across the Languedoc.
1396-00-00-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 90.
Great plague in Lübeck, Wismar and it spread even to Saxony.
1039. In dem zommere des sulven jares do was alto grot koghe in Nedderlande, sunderliken to Lubeke unde to der Wismer, dar alto vele volkes starff, unde vort ummelanges bet in Sassen. de pestilencia warde to Lubeke van sunthe Jacobes dage bet to sunte Mertens daghe; noch en vorletet nicht de stede degher, it en helde jo an dat jar doregandes. unde dat meste der lude storwen in den drosen dat jar dore; sunderliken storven alto vele vrowen an der hort, wente it was do een scoltjar dat sere is to vruchtende.
1039. In the summer of the same year (1396) was also a great plague in the lower countries, especially in Lübeck and in Wismar, so that many people died of it, and it spread to Saxony. The plague was in Lübeck from Feast of Saint James to Saint Martin's Day; yet it did not struck the city entirely, as it hold on throughout the year. And the majority of people died on the glands throughout the year; especially many women died (of the disease?), as it was a leap year, you have to be very afraid.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 773.
A dying came to Strasbourg and surrounding area. After processions by the local clerics the mortality diminished. The plague arose and diminished for the next 8 years.
Ein sterbotte und ein crüzegang. Do men zalte 1397 jor, do kam aber ein sterbotte gein Strosburg und in das lant do umb: ein gefueger, doch werte er me denne zwei jor. aber in Westerich und in Swoben und in andern landen was er vil groesser denne zu Strosburg, und sturbent die lüte an der bülen, und sturbent junge lüte vester denne die alten. Und donoch in dem andern jore, also men zalte 1398 jor, an aller heilgen obent, do mahte die pfafheit zu Strosburg einen crüzegang, und ging ieder orden umb sin closter mit dem sacramente. also dotent ouch die stifte und weltlichen pfaffen umb ire kirchen, das got sollte dis sterben wenden. Donoch werte das sterben bescheidenliche, und ie so es ein jor oder ein halbes ufgehorte, do ving es denne wider ane, doch bescheidenliche, und das treip es wol 8 jor nohenander.
Mortality and a Pilgrimage In the year 1397, a plague came to Strasbourg and the surrounding lands. It lasted for more than two years. However, in Westrich, Swabia, and other lands, it was much worse than in Strasbourg, and people died from the plague, with young people dying more than the old. In the following year, 1398, on All Saints' Day, the clergy in Strasbourg organized a pilgrimage and each order went around their monastery with the sacrament. Similarly, the convents and secular clergy went around their churches to implore God to stop the plague. After that, the plague was modest, and ceased for a year or half a year, but then it returned, albeit less severely. It continued intermittently for about eight more years.
1397-00-00-Strasbourg# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
A mortality breaks out in Arles and all over the world. People dies of bosse and of carboncles. The disease kills adults, but mainly children and young people.
L'an M CCC IIIIxx XVII fon granda mortalitat per tot lo mont. Item, en Arles acomenset la Pasqua, que fon lo premier jorn d'abril, e duret tro l'an IIIIxx XVIII del mes de jonoier. Item, morien las gens de boses lo plus, alcuns de carboncles; et moriron y grans gens, plus enfans e gens joves, que autras gens.
In the year 1397, there was a great mortality all over the world. In the city of Arles, it began at Easter Day which occurs the 1rst of April, and it lasted until the month a January in 1398. Most of the people died of bosses, and some of them of carboncles. Some adults died, but the victims were in vast majority children and young people.
Mortality in Limburg at the time of the grain and grape blossom
20. Anno Domini millesimo tricentesimo nonagesimo septimo [1397] tempore Maii floruerunt blada simul et botri, et eodem tempore fuit magna pestilencia, et in mense Iulio eodem anno inventi sunt botri maturi.
In the year of our Lord 1397, during the month of May, the grain and grape clusters blossomed simultaneously, and during that same time, there was a great plague. In the month of July of that same year, ripe grape clusters were found.
1397-05-00-Limburg# QUERYdf63ea120d1fbfec022a11cda907b6a2
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1397.html (20 April 2020).
A procession is organized in Montpellier against the mortality that affects the region. The city council orders the manufacturing of a gigantic candle, to be burn in the church of Notre-Dame-des-Tables. The disease lasted from May to December in Montpellier.
Item, dimergue a XV de julh, se fes procession general per la mortalitat la qual era general en las tres senescalcies Tholosa, Carcassona & Belcayre, la qual el dich paÿs acomenset el mes de may sobredig, et duret en Montpellier per tot lo mes de decembre ; la qual mortalitat acomenset en terra de Morolz & apres en la irlla de Rodas, de Chipre, de Genoha, apres el reyalme de Malhorca en Cathaluonha, en Tolsan & puoys segui tot l’autre paÿs. Et se dis una sollempna messa a Nostra Dona de las Taulas per lo dich mossen l’avesque de Magalona ; & se disseron dos sermons, la un davant lo cossolat, per maystre Peyre Borron de l’orde de predicados, et l’autre, per maystre Johan del Cres de l’orde dels augustins, maistres en theologia. Et se portet en la procession la ymagi de Nostra Dona de Taulas, lo cors sans.
Sunday, July 15, there was a general procession because of the epidemic which raged on all three districts of Toulouse, Carcassonne and Beaucaire. It started in this region in May and lasted in Montpellier the whole month of December. This epidemic started in the country of the Moors, passed on the island of Rhodes, then of Cyprus and Genoa; then in the kingdom of Majorca, in Catalonia, in Toulouse, then it continued throughout the rest of the country. A solemn mass was said at Notre-Dame-des-Tables by the Bishop of Maguelone; two sermons were delivered, one before the consulate by Master Pèire Borron, of the order of Preachers, and the other by Master Joan du Crès, of the order of the Augustinians, both masters in theology; during the procession, we carried the statue of Notre-Dame-des-Tables, the relics of Saint Cleophas, and the satue of Saint Sebastian.The same month, the lords consuls, with the alms of the good people of Montpellier, made a cord of wax of 1900 canes long which surrounded the whole city and the palisade, and which burned night and day on the main altar of the church of Notre-Dame-des-Tables.
1397-07-15-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
1397-07-15-Montpellier# QUERY682b2bec1130a3b7309bd0fd28aa48ef
A procession is organized in Montpellier against the mortality that affects the region.
Item, dimergue a XII d’avost, fon facha una sollempna procession per mossen de Magalona ont se portet lo precios cors de Jesu Crist per far devota pregueyra sur la pestilencia et mittigar et placar Nostresenhr, ont ac gran multitut de pobol, cascun portan, senhors & donas et enfans, entorta o candela en la man ; & ac y hun trasque sollempne sermon loqual fes maistre Raymon Cabassa, maystre en theologia, per trayre a devocion lo pobol, a coffession, contrection am cor contrit et humiliat. Et foron ordenadas IX processions, la huna per los morgues de Sant Benesech, l’autra per Sant Dyonisi, l’autra per la gleya del Castel, l’autre per la gleya de Nostra Dona de Taulas, l’autra per Sant Fermin & las IIII per los quatre ordes mendigans, otra la general, en las quals se portet lo precios cors de Jesu Crist am los[i] cofrayres de las dichas cofrayries & am las ceras d’aquelas, car la mortalitat es et era tant gran que apenas atrobava hom servidor e tot lo poble stava mot ebaÿt e perterit.
On Sunday August 12, the Archbishop of Maguelone organized a solemn procession in which the precious body of Jesus Christ was carried out to pray against the epidemic and to soften and appease Our Lord. There was a great multitude of people there, lords, ladies and children, carrying torches or candles in their hands. There was a very solemn sermon delivered by Master Raimond Cabassa, master in theology, to bring the people to devotion, confession and contrition and repentance. In addition to the general procession, there were nine supplementary trains of procession, one with the monks of Saint-Benoît, another with those Saint-Denis, another with the church of the castle, another with the church of Notre-Dame-des-Tables, another with Saint-Firmin and the last four with the four mendicant Orders. In these processions, the precious body of Jesus Christ was carried with the confreres of the brotherhoods concerned, with their candles. The epidemic is and was so serious that it was barely possible to find a servant, and all the people were amazed and terrified.
1397-08-12-Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
Outbreak of plague in Cologne, in the aftermath of the local jubilee (''ostensio reliquarum'' ?), with 30.000 victims.
Post iubileum in Colonia venit inmanissima pestilencia, in qua plus quam triginta milia hominum morte preventi sunt.
After the jubilee in Cologne, a very severe plague came, in which more than thirty thousand people died.
A plague in Nordhausen, Mühlhausen, Eisleben, Sangershausen and other parts of Thuringia
Anno 1398 hatte die pestilentz zu Northausen, Mulhausen vnd daselbst herumb, auch zu Eißleben, Sangerhausen vnd an andern orten, sehr vmb sich gefressen.
In the year 1398, the plague had spread extensively in Nordhausen, Mühlhausen, and the surrounding areas, as well as in Eisleben, Sangerhausen, and other places, causing great devastation.
Outbreak of plague all over the world and, probably, also in the monastery of Zwiefalten.
1399. Hoc anno regnaverunt pestilencie quasi in toto orbe terrarum
In 1399, pestilences reigned almost throughout the entire world.
1399-00-00-Zwiefalten# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869, p. 115.
Gori (Gregorio) Dati fled from the plague in Antella.
Ma in detto tempo, l'anno del 1400, fuggi' la morìa all'Antella e murai la casa e puosi vigna, che vi spesi più di f. 500
However, in 1400, I took refuge from the plague in Antella and spent more than 500 florins on the house and in planting wines.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, pp. 196-197
The wife of Bartolomeo, who already passed away in a previous plague, died in the mortality of 1400 in Florence. She left around 4 thousand gold florins to her children.
Passò di questa vita il detto Bartolomeo in Furlì a di ***: morì di pistolenza † in pochi dì; soppellissi al luogho de’ frati minori in Furlì, e di poi se ne fé rechare il chorpo suo in Firenze ed è seppellito in Santa Crocie in Firenze cholgli altri anticessori, onorevolemente chome s’usava pe·gli altri. Rimase la donna dopo lui, e vivette vedova cho’ suoi figliuoli in sino alla (p. 197) mortalità del 1400: in quella mortalità si morì e llasciò reda i figliuoli. Credo rimanesse loro di valente, chon quello della madre, fiorini 4000 d’oro. […]
The aforementioned Bartolomeo died in Forlì on ***, he died of the plague within a few days; he was buried in the monastery of the Friars Minor in Forlì, and later his body was brought to Florence and buried with honour in Santa Croce together with his ancestors, as was usual. His wife survived him and lived with her children until mortality in 1400: in this mortality she died, leaving her children as heirs. It is assumed that they left around four thousand gold florins with their mother's fortune.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 204
The lady Chatelana had three daughters, all of whom died. Two died in the plague in 1400, one in Florence and one in Quinto. Her five sons survived.
Ànne avuti [Chatelana figliuola di Stefano di Vanni Chastellani] per insino a oggi otto o nove figliuoli, ed èssi ischoncia circha di tre volte: la prima volta si schonciò, credo, dal dì la menò a due anni o circha, innuna fanciulla femina; e di poi ne fecie due femine a bene. La prima ebbe nome Bartolomea; e nacque chostei con uno infiato nel chapo, chosì dal lato, era a modo ch’una vescicha, cioè a ttochare: fessi medichare al maestro Franciescho Dal Ponte: e’ la forò in più luoghi, e gittò sangue e puza. E ‘nfine ella non poté reggiere e morissi in pochi dì: riposesi in Santa Crocie. E di poi naque un’altra fanciulla ebbe nome Antonia, e nacque chol medesimo infiato; e questa non si medicò, ma ttenesi chaldo il chapo chon una berretta foderata d’andesia, e ‘nfine e’ gli asolvè lo ’nfiato e guarì bene. Visse chostei sette anni o circha, e di poi si morì di male pestilenziale † nel 1400, di luglio, nel palagio Ispini:riposesi il chorpo suo in Santa Trinita, nella / (c. 48v) sepoltura della famiglia degli Ispini, cioè nell’utima chapella si truova a man mancha ‘andare all’altare maggiore. E questo si fecie per nicistà, chonsiderato ch’egli era la mortalità grande e non si trovava apena chi volesse trarre i chorpi di chasa; e oltre a questo, nonn era in Firenze di noi se non monna Filippa, che chonvenia s’inbochasse nelle chose di bisongnio pe·lle mani d’altri. La terza fanciulla ebbe nel prencipio di quella mortalità, ed ebbe nome Filippa: questa vivette pochi mesi, e inn utimo morì nella detta mortalità prima che ll’Antonia, a Quinto dove era a balia, e ivi nella Chiesa di Quinto fu sepellita. Non abiamo a ffare di più femine memoria: ànne de’ maschi cinque, grazia di Dio vivi. […]
To this day she [Chatelana, Stefano di Vanni Chastellani's daughters] has had eight or nine children, and an accident has happened about three times: the first time, I think, was two years after she gave birth to them, with a little girl; then she gave birth to two more daughters in good health. The first was called Bartolomea; she was born with a swelling on her head, on one side that looked and felt like a blister. She had it treated by Master Francesco Dal Ponte: he pricked her in several places and blood and pus came out. In the end, she could not stand it and died within a few days: she was buried in Santa Croce. Then another girl was born, called Antonia, who was also born with the same swelling; this was not treated, but her head was kept warm with a lined cap, and in the end the swelling disappeared and she recovered. She lived for about seven years and then died of the plague in 1400, in July, in Palazzo Spini: her body was buried in Santa Trinita, in the Spini family tomb, in the last chapel on the left side of the main altar. This was done out of necessity, as mortality was high and there was hardly anyone who wanted to take the bodies out of the house; besides, of us in Florence there was only Monna Filippa, who had to take care of the necessary things with the help of others. The third girl was born at the beginning of this mortality and was called Filippa: she lived only a few months and finally died before Antonia during the same plague, in Quinto, where she was with the nurse, and there in the church of Quinto she was buried. We don't need to remember the daughters any further: they have five sons who are alive thanks to God's grace.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 250
Great mortality in Florence with more than 20 thousand deaths. In summer the mortality came also to Volterra. The majority of the Florentines fled to Bologna and there arose a conspiracy against the government.
Fu in Firenze quest’anno mortalità: morì circha di ventimila boche dentro nella terra, o più. Era Morello podestà di Massa; e cho·llui si stette Alberto e due de’ suoi fanciulli e la donna ed io per insino a dì 7 di giungnio. E di poi andai a Volterra e stetti là 40 dì: vennevi la Chaterina. Di poi vi chominciò la mortalità e tornammo a Settimello, dove era suta grande e ristata ben d’u·mese; e ivi istemmo insino a Ongnisanti, sani, lodato Idi<o>. Morì a Morello due fanciulle, e a mme uno: Idio li benedica! […] In questa mortalità si fuggì pe·lla maggiore parte de’ fiorentini a Bolongnia, e ivi si criò un trattato, il quale venia chontro a molti grandi cittadini de·rregimento
There was mortality in Florence that year: about twenty thousand people died in the city, or more. Morello was podestà of Massa; and Alberto and two of his children and the wife and I stayed with him until June 7. Then I went to Volterra and stayed there for 40 days: Caterina came there. Then mortality set in and we returned to Settimello, where it was hard for a month; and there we stayed until All Saints' Day, healthy, praise be to God. Two of Morello's children died, and one of mine: God bless them! [...] During this mortality the greater part of the Florentines fled to Bologna, and there arose a conspiracy directed against many great citizens of the government.
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840, p. XLIV
Great mortality in Florence and in almost entire Italy. One third of the living people died in the region of Florence and many fled, especially to Bologna and Arezzo
Morìa del 1400 Fu in questa state in Firenze, e ancora quasi per tutta Italia una grandissima morìa; e tiensi, e così si fece conto, che nella nostra città di Firenze e nel suo contado, morisse sottosopra il terzo di quelli ch'erano vivi; fuggirono i cittadini il forte a Bologna e a Arezzo e in altri luoghi.
Dying in 1400 In this summer (1400) was in Florence and in almost entire Italy a great death; it is assumed and so it is estimated, that in the city Florence and surroundings died approximately one third of the living; the citizens fled strongly to Bologna, Arezzo and other places.
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 3, p. 256.
The plague raged in Florence from the beginning of the year, but mainly in summer. 30 thousand people died and many fled, especially to Bologna.
Pestis signa quaedam ab initio huius anni terrere homines incoeperant, quae mox per aestatem plurimum desaevivit cum incredibili strage cuiusque sexus atque aetatis. Unicum eius mali remedium in fuga repertum est. Fugerunt itaque cives populariter, Bononiam plurimi demigrantes; et tamen in vacua desertaque urbe supra triginta hominum millia pestis absumpsit.
Certain signs of the plague had begun to terrify people from the beginning of this year, and it was soon raging throughout the summer, with unbelievable slaughter of persons of every age and both sexes. The only remedy for this evil was flight. Citizens fled in a body, most going to Bologna, yet even in the empty and deserted city the plague consumed more than 30,000 people.
Buonaccorso Pitti left his family in Sorbigliano, where they searched for safety from the plague which was raging in Florence. Pitti went to Bologna and got his family to join him. They rented a palace and they stayed there for four months. In Bologna a conspiracy arose against the government.
[72] […] Il perché diliberai tornarmi indietro e volentieri, perché malvolentieri, con gran dispiacere, avevo lasciati i miei fratelli e nostre famiglie a Sorbigliano, per cagione della mortalità che era a Firenze. Tornai a Bologna, e scrissi a' miei fratellli che ne venissono con tutte le nostre famiglie a Bologna, e mandai loro cavalli e mulattieri. Vennono in Bologna, e stati circa d'otto dì, tolsi a fitto il palagio e giardino de'Bianchi, di fuori di Bologna circa 2 miglia, e quivi temmo tutti noi fratelli e nostre famiglie, eccetto Piero e sua famiglia, che si rimasono a Montughi. Per la grazia di Dio ci salvammo tutti, eccetto che d'uno figliuolo che mi nacque là, il quale si morì. Trovammoci tra di noi e nostre famiglie e di nostri parenti, che là tornarono con noi a nostre spese, continovo circa 25 persone. Stemmo là circa quatro mesi, e trovammoci avere spesi, riposti a Firenze, fiorini 480 nuovi. E nel detto anno essendo molti Fiorentini fuggiti a Bologna, gl'usciti di Firenze sommossono molti giovani a trattare contro il nostro reggimento; e funne capo Salvestro di messer Rosso de'Ricci. Scopersesi il trattato a Firenze, perché lo rivelò Salvestro di messer Filippo Cavicciuoli; e fu preso Samminiato d'Ugucciozo de'Ricci e fugli tagliata la testa e a uno de'Davizi, e dato bando a molti e a molti perdonato, e chetossi la città.
I resolved to turn back and was not sorry to do so, for it was with the greatest reluctance that I had left my brothers and their families in Sorbigliano, where they had taken refuge from the plague then raging in Florence. I went to Bologna and from there dispatched horses and muleteers with letters to my brothers telling them to join me with our families. They came and, about a week after their arrival, I rented the Bianchi family palace and gardens about a mile outside Bologna and installed my brothers and their families there, with the exception of Piero who stayed with his family in Montughi. By God's grace we were all safe and sound but for a son who was born to me there and died. Between ourselves, our immediate families and other relatives who came for visits, there were never less than twenty-five people staying in the house. We spent about four months there and our expenses by the time we got back to Florence amounted to 480 florins. That year, while many citizens were away in Bologna for fear of the plague, the political exiles seized the opportunity to foment a conspiracy against our governmental among some young men captained by Salvestro di Messer Rosso de'Ricci. The plotters were betrayed by Salvestro di Messer Filippo (p. 65) Cavicciuli. Samminiato d'Ugucciozo de' Ricci and a member of the Davizi family were sent to the block. Many were exiled; many more were pardoned and calm returned to the city.
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Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII, Vol. 3, p. 322.
Great mortality in Florence and the only remedy was the migration. Many of them went to Bologna.
Iam millesimus quadringentesimus erat annus et pestis signa quaedam terrere inceperant, quae paulo post Florentiae desaeviit cum incredibili strage cuiusque sexus atque aetatis. Unicum eius mali remedium in fuga repertum est. Fugerunt itaque cives populariter, Bononiam plurimi demigrantes; et tamen in vacua desertaque urbe supra triginta hominum millia pestis absumpsit.
We were now in the year 1400. The plague had begun to manifest itself with frightening effect and before long it was raging in Florence and inflicting appalling mortality on people of both sexes and all ages. The only way of escaping this evil was found to be in flight. So the townspeople fled from the city in droves and many of them went to Bologna.
A terrible plague came to Florence and many people died; in June there were more than 200 corpses a day. The citizens fled to the countryside and Bologna and Arezzo after the feast of Johan Baptist (24 June), but many people died there too. In other cities such as Rome, Naples, Pisa or Lucca, the mortality rate was just as high. In Florence, they had to reorganise because so many people had left.
Capitolo IV. — Come grande mortalità fu in Firenze e altrove questo anno. In questo anno fu in Firenze grande mortalità e cominciò del mese d'aprile, come che prima s'era veduti segnali pestilenziosi assai; però che quelli che morivano, tutti aveano aposteme velenose e pestilenziose, e grande paura n'aveano i cittadini. Poi seguitò di maggiore malizia, però che ne moriano per di cento, tutti d'aposteme; e poi di giugno seguitò maggiore però che erano per di nella città dugento corpi e' più; e poi di luglio molto maggiore, e durò insino a settembre troppo grande nella città; e ancora nel contado di Firenze fu maggiore che nella città, però che in molti popoli morirono la metà delle persone che v'erano e in alquanti molti più che la metà; e molti cittadini ch'erano fuggiti in contado morirono; e fu questo grande numero; e molte castella rimasono mezzo vòte e molte famiglie disfece. E come fu fatta la festa di santo Giovanni, grande numero di buoni cittadini si fuggirono fuori della città e andaronne colle loro famiglie nel contado di Firenze in più ville e castella; e ancora n'andarono assai a Bologna, e molti ve ne moriro nondimeno; e chi andò ad Arezzo e anche assai ve ne morí; e cosí dove n'andarono ne morí in ogni luogo che fu in tutte le terre di Toscana. Era ancora la detta mortalità nel detto tempo grandissima a Roma, che fu tal di che volle settecento o ottocento corpi morti; ma la maggior parte romei ; e ancora fu la detta mortalità in molte terre d'Italia in questo tempo, dove grande e dove minore, però che allora n'era dove a Pisa, a Lucca, a Perugia e a Napoli e in tutto il paese; e ancora era in Lombardia dove grande e dove grandissima in molte città la detta mortalità. Li Fiorentini, veggendo la città vòta di buoni e ricchi cittadini, diliberarono di soldare insino in secento provigianati a guardia de la città e infino in settecento e cinquanta lance di soldati tra per di fuori e per dentro, e cosí feciono ; e aveano allora al soldo mille trecento soldati di fanti. E cosi perché li cittadini s'erano partiti, fu ordinata la città e 'l contado e distretto loro.
Chapter IV - On the great mortality in Florence and elsewhere this year. This year there (1400)was a great mortality in Florence, which began in the month of April, although numerous plague-like signs were already visible beforehand. For the deceased all had poisonous and pestilential boils, and the citizens were greatly afraid of them. Then a greater malice followed, for a hundred people died every day, all from boils. And then in June it increased so that there were two hundred or more corpses a day in the city. And then in July it was even worse and continued on a very large scale in the city until September. It was also worse in the countryside around Florence than in the city, because in many villages half the population died and in some even more than half; many citizens who had fled to the countryside also died. It was a large number, and many places were left half empty, and many families were destroyed. After the feast of St John had been celebrated, many good citizens fled the city and went with their families to various villages and castles on the countryside surrounding Florence. Many also went to Bologna, and many died there anyway; some went to Arezzo, and many died there too. Wherever they went, people died everywhere in all areas of Tuscany. At that time, mortality was also very high in Rome, and there were days when there were seven hundred or eight hundred deaths, but most of them were Romans. Mortality was also high in many other Italian cities at this time, sometimes more, sometimes less, for example in Pisa, Lucca, Perugia and Naples, as well as throughout the country. In Lombardy, too, mortality was high to very high in many cities. The Florentines, seeing that the city was emptied of good and rich citizens, decided to pay up to six hundred guards for the defence of the city and up to seven hundred and fifty lances of soldiers both inside and outside, and so they did.They had a thousand and three hundred foot soldiers in their pay at the time. So the city and its environs and district were organised because the citizens had left.
1400-04-00-Florence# QUERY2dddf63c7d1bf6ee0833fc77fdc78a50
Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 3, p. 392
Ironic letter from Coluccio Salutati to Padolfo Malatesta, in which he writes about Malatesta's letters concerning the escape of the population from Pesaro because of the plague
Vidi copiam littere, quam populo tuo Pensauri scribis, vellemque quod monitis tuis parentes cuncti civitatem relinquerent. Forte sunt pauci adeo lucis prodigi, quod epimediam non curantes libenter menia que tu fugis et fugienda persuades occupabunt; et morientes, ut putas, illa sibi, sed a te vigilantissime custodirent
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784, pp. 183-184.
Great mortality in Florence, thus Salviati remained in Arezzo with his men. Many people fled from Florence. Salviati himself was ill and some members of his family died.
Partimi [Salviati] della detta Terra di Montepulciano adì 3. di Luglio 1400. Et perchè in Firenze era grandissima mortalità, et dicevasi, che ad Arezzo l'aria v'era sana, et eravi fugiti assai Fiorentini, per questa cagione non tornai a Firenze, ma rimasi in Arezzo con tutta la brigata mia, che io haveva condotta meco, et tutti ne gli condussi sani, et di buona voglia; ma giunto che io fui, parve, che io fussi maladetto con ogni avversità, et d'infermità, et di morte, che mentre che io vi fui, mai non si ristette, et più, che non che quegli, che io menai, ma essendo venuta di Firenze ad Arezzo quella mia venerabile madre Mona Contessa per aiutarmi, sentendo la mia famiglia inferma, piacque al nostro Signore Dio, che ella morisse, et chiamolla a se, a la cui anima Cristo benedetto habbia fatto ver perdono. […] et ancora vi morì un mio fanciullo, che hebbe nome Andrea, d'età di 9. anni, che Dio l'habbi benedetto, e fu seppellito in S. Francesco; et di tutta l'altra mia famiglia non vi fu niuno, che havesse (p. 184) difetto, salvo che io, lodato Dio. Spesivi tra spese della casa, et per l'infirmità, et per i mortorii grandissimo denaio. Stettivi da' dì 4. di Luglio infino a' dì 28. d'Agosto, et quel dì mi partì di là come abbandonato, e disperato, et tornai in Firenze col resto della mia famiglia, tra' quali ne menai dua mia figliuoli maschi, cioè Alamanno, et Bernardo infermi per modo, che mai non credetti si conducessero vivi; pure per grazia di Dio vi si condussero, e guarirono, et in questo tempo, che io stetti ad Arezzo, mi morirono quì in Firenze 2. mie fanciulle, che una have nome Lisa, che era d'età d'anni 7 1/2, e l'altra Margherita, d'età d'anni 5. in circa, et furono seppellite nella Badia di Firenze; che Dio l'habbia benedette, et ricevute.
I [Salviati] left the aforementioned town of Montepulciano on July 3, 1400. Since there was a great mortality in Florence and it was said that the air in Arezzo was healthy and many Florentines had fled there, I did not return to Florence, but stayed in Arezzo with all the followers I had with me. I brought them all there in good health and good spirits. But as soon as I arrived, it seemed as if I was cursed by every misfortune, illness and death, because they did not stop while I was there. And not only for those I had brought with me, but also for my venerable mother, Mona Contessa, who had come to Arezzo from Florence to help me, as my family was ill. It pleased our Lord God that she died and called her to Himself; may Christ have mercy on her soul. [...] Moreover, my child, named Andrea, died there at the age of 9, may God bless him. He was buried in St. Francesco. The rest of my family remained unharmed, apart from me, praise be to God. I spent a great deal of money, both on household expenses and on the illness and burial. I stayed there from July 4 to August 28, and on that day I left Arezzo in despair and hopelessness and returned to Florence with the rest of my family. Among them were two of my sons, Alamanno and Bernardo, who were so ill that I didn't think I could bring them home alive. But by the grace of God, they survived and recovered. During my time in Arezzo, two of my daughters died in Florence, Lisa, aged 7 1/2, and Margherita, about 5 years old. They were buried in the Abbey of Florence; may God bless and receive them.
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784
1400-07-03-Florence# QUERYcfddc1a71c58d8ec53afda787f04bbac
Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 3, p. 408
Letter of Coluccio Salutati, in which he mentioned a severe plague in Pistoia and the whole Tuscany
Pestis crudelis Pistorium debacchatur, adeo quod michi gratissimum sit, quod ibi receptus non fueris, laudoque quod id quod patria tibi offert amplectaris. Nicolaus tuus vivit Pistorium, presentavit litteras et die sequenti peste correptus occobuit. [,,,] Arrigus et Philippus, graviter infirmati, Dei dono libertai sunt. Pestis hec in hac urbe et per totam Tusciam crudelissime nimis sevit.
The cruel plague rages in Pistoia, so much so that I am greatly relieved that you have not been received there, and I commend you for embracing what your homeland offers you. Your Niccoló lives in Pistoia, he delivered the letters, and the following day, stricken by the plague, he died. [...] Arrigo and Filippo, severely ill, have by God's gift been freed. This plague is raging very cruelly in this city and throughout all of Tuscany
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784, p. 191
The depraved Lord of Cortona Guccio da Casale came to Florence because of his vow to nurse the sick. He made this so that God would safe him from the plague. But after few days he died of the plague.
Memoria, che del mese d'Ottobre 1400. essendo venuto allora in Firenze il Signore, che era allora di Cortona, che avea nome Guccio da Casale per cagione di suo boto a governare infermi di sua mano in S. Maria nuova, et dovevaci stare, secondo il boto, a questo servigio dì 30. essendo per addietro stato il più dissoluto huomo del mondo, e questo boto seguiva a ciò che Dio il salvassi della pestilenza, che allora cominciava a Cortona, et in Firenze era già quasi finita, et intervenendo che come piacque a Dio essendoci stato pochi dì a fare il detto servigio, si morì di pestilenza, et rimanendo Signori di Cortona doppo la morte di detto Ghuccio Francesco et Luigi da Casale fuoi Conforti, et a' quali apparteneva più la Signoria che a Ghuccio, et mostrando i detti Francesco, et Luigi dolore della morte di Ghuccio, ordinarono di farlo portare a Cortona, et di fargli molto grande honore;
A reminder that in the month of October 1400, the man who was then Lord of Cortona came to Florence. His name was Guccio da Casale, and he had come because of his vow to nurse the sick himself in Santa Maria Nuova. According to his vow, he was to perform this service for 30 days. He had previously been the most depraved man in the world, and he had made this vow so that God would save him from the plague, which had begun in Cortona at the time, while it was almost over in Florence. It happened, as it pleased God, that after a few days of this service he died of the plague. After the death of the said Guccio, Francesco and Luigi da Casale, his relatives, became lords of Cortona, who were more entitled to rule than Guccio. The aforementioned Francesco and Luigi were saddened by Guccio's death and decided to transfer him to Cortona and pay him great honour.
[6909] …въ градѣ въ Смоленцѣ тогда крамола бысть, людiй посѣкоша много, и моръ на люди бысть.
…at that time, there was a sedition in the Smolensk city, many people were killed, and an epidemic was among the people.
A mortality breaks out in Cologne from August to October.
In dem selven jar augusti, septembri, octobri stroven de lude sere in Colen an den brosen inde van boser hizen van inbinnen.
In the same year (1401) in the month of August, September and October the people died in Cologne because of ''brosen'' and of bad heat (fever) from inside.
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions.
Anno 1402 fuit generalis processio cleri et populi cum venerabili sacramento propter epidemiam (Acta).
In the year 1402, there was a general procession of clergy and people with the venerable sacrament due to the epidemic (Acta).
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 286
Great plague in Iceland in 1402
Jtem kom ut Hual einar Heriolfs son med flat skip er hann atti sialfur. kom þar ut j suo micil brada sott. at menn lagv daudir innan þriggia natta. Þar til er heitid uar þrimur lofmessvm med sæmeligv bæna halldi oc lios bruna. Jtem var lofad þurfostv fyrir kyndil messo. enn vatnfasta fyrir iol æuenliga. feingv sidan flestir skriptab mal adur enn lietust. Geck sotten um haustid fyrir sunnan land. med suo mickille ogn ad aleyddi bæi vida. enn folkid uar ecki sialfbiarga þat eptir lifde i morgum stodum. Sera Ali Svarthofda son deydi fyrst af kenne monnum um haustid. oc þar (!) brodir Grimur kirkiu prestur j Skalholti. sidan hver eptir annan heima presta. Sera Hoskulldur radsmadur a iola daginn sialfvann. Aleyddi þa þegar stadinn at lærdvm monnum oc leikvm. fyrir utan byskupinn sialfann oc ij leikmenn.
Then Hval-Einar Herjólfsson sailed out with the ship he had himself. A sudden and severe disease broke out there, so that people lay dead within three nights until three masses were sung with the appropriate prayers and burning candles. Likewise, fasting without water was vowed at Candlemas and fasting with water always before Christmas. Then, most could make their confessions before they died. In autumn, the plague raged in the south of the country with so much terror that villages died out almost entirely. And people were not able to safe themselves in many places. The first priest to die in the autumn was Father Áli Svarthöfðason, followed by Brother Grímur, parish priest in Skálholt, and then one resident priest after the other, the counsellor, Father Höskuldur, exactly on Christmas Day. Thus the episcopate (Skálholtsstaður) was emptied of learned men and lay people, save for the bishop himself and two lay people.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 259.
The Duke of Milan fell ill, even if he fled from the plague, that raged in Milan. He tried to recover in the castle Marignano (Melegnano), but after 7 days he died on the 3th September.
Istando le chose in questi termini ldio e lla sua madre Vergine Maria e ’l beato messere Santo Giovanni Batista. promissono, a cciò che tanto male non seguisse, che il Ducha malò di male pestilenziale. Uno giorno, disinando egli inn una sua terra dove era fuggito pe·lla mortalità ch’era a Milano, si sentì venire male; di che subito si volle partire e venne a un chastello si chiama Maringniano, di lungho dieci miglia da <Pavia>. E quelle dieci miglia chavalcò in fretta e in sulla nona, chon gran chaldo; e giunto in Maringniano, egli bevve più d’una metadella e mezo tra vino e aqua, chome quelli che ardea dentro ed erasi affannato nel chavalchare, e si puose giù e visse circha di sette dì: partì di questa vita a dì 3 di settenbre 1402.
With things being as they were, God, the Virgin Mary, and the blessed Lord St. John the Baptist promised that such great evil would not follow, but the Duke fell ill with a pestilential disease. One day, while dining in one of his lands where he had fled from the plague that was in Milan, he began to feel unwell; so, he immediately decided to leave and went to a castle called Marignano, which is ten miles away from Pavia. He quickly covered those ten miles around noon, in great heat; and upon arriving in Marignano, he drank more than a half measure and a half of wine mixed with water, like someone burning inside and exhausted from riding. He then lay down and lived for about seven days: he passed away on the 3rd of September, 1402.
A comet seen in 1403 is interpreted as a sign for the epidemic striking Eisenach and probably also Thuringia in the following year
Nach Cristi gebort tußent CCCCII jare, da wart eyn stern gesehen mit eyme langen czagile, das ein vorczeichen was eyns großen sterbens, das denne quam in deme andern jare dar nach.
In 1403 there was a star with a long tail, an omen for the great mortality that happened the following year
Great plague in Iceland in 1403
Manndauda aar hid micla a Islandi. Obitus Pals abota j Uidey oc herra Þorsteins fra Helga følli. Obitus herra Runolfs af þyckua bæ. oc vi brædra. enn adrir vi lifdv eptir. Obitus Halldorv abbadisar j kirkiu bæ. ok vij systra. enn vi lifdv eptir. Vigd fru Gudrun abbadis Halldors dottir. Eyddi stadinn þria tima ad mannfolki suo at vm sidir miolkudv systurnar kv fenadinn þær er til uoru. oc kunnv flest allar lited til se, sen uar. er slikann stana hofdv alldri fyrri haft. kuomv þar til kirkiv halfur atte tugur hins siounda hundrads daudra manna. suo talid vard. enn sidan uard ecki reiknat fyrir mannfiolda sakir. suo deydi margt sidan. Jtem ed sama aar eyddi stadinn i þyckva bæ. þrysuar at mannfolki. svo ecki var eptir nema ij brædur. suo heima væri oc einn huskall stadarens. oc hann bar matenn fyrir þa oc þa til kvomv. Obitus herra Þorsteins abota at Helga felli oc Gisla Svartz sonar fra Reyk holum. Nonus Guttorms sonar j Huamme. oc Þordar undan Nupe. oc Pals Þorduars (!) sonar fra Eidvm austan oc Ceceliu Þorsteins dottur hans husfru.
Year with great mortality in Iceland. Death of Abbot Páll in Viðey. Death of Lord Runólfur from Þykkvabær and six brothers, six more survived. Death of Abbess Halldóra in Kirkjubær and seven sisters, six others survived. Consecration of Lady Abbess Guðrún Halldórsdóttir. The convent lost all its servants three times, so in the end the younger sisters had to milk the cows, which most could hardly do, as might be expected, since they had never had to do such work. Calculated, 775 died, but after that the number of people was no longer counted, so many died. Also in the same year the servants died three times in Þykkvabær, so only two brothers who were at home and one servant of the monastery survived. The servant brought them food and they recovered. Death of Lord Abbot Þorsteinn from Helgafell and Gísli Svartssons from Reykhólar, Jón Guttormssons from Hvammur and Þórðurs from Núpur and Páll Þorvarðssons from eastern Eiðar and his wife, Cecilía Þorsteinsdóttir.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 398
Того же лѣта [6911][1] въ Пьсковѣ бысть моръ железою.
The same year [6911] there was a plague with swellings in Pskov.
1403-00-00-Pleskov# QUERYc88ca24fae3132ba8ac1ad3c54e6e9a9
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71, pp. 772-773.
In Strasbourg was a sickness affecting the hips and the ulcers, which raged in many monasteries.
Aber ein siechtage von dem flosse. Do men zalte 1403, in der vasten, do was aber ein siechtage von dem hueften und von dem flosse also gros also der dovor geschriben stet, das in menigem closter die müniche also floessig worent, das sü one singen und one messe worent, und uf meniger grossen stift kume zwene oder drige singen möhtent und die andern floessig worent uns siech. und [p. 773] bleip wenig ieman über in der stat und in dem lande, in keme dirre siechtage ane. und zu ostern was er aller groessest.
But there was a sickness of the ulcers. In the year 1403, during Lent, there was a sickness affecting the hips and the ulcers, as severe as the one previously described. In many monasteries, the monks were so ill of ulcers that there was no singing and mess, and in some smaller chapters, only two or three were able to sing while the others were sick. In the town and the country, very few people were left untouched by this sickness. At Easter, it was at its worst.
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71
''Lögmannsannáll''. In: Gustav Storm: ''Islandske Annaler indtil 1578''. Kristiania 1888, p. 287
Great plague in Iceland in 1404
Manndauda veturr hinn sidare. eyddi þa enn stadenn j Skalhollte. Þria tima ad þionustv folki. deydi þar þa þrir prestar oc mesti hlvtur klerka. ij prestar lifdv eptir brodir Þorfinnr kirkiu prest"r. oc Þorarenn prest"r Andres son. er þa var cappellanus byskupsins herra Vilchins.
The second deadly winter. Three times all servants of Skálholt died. Three priests died there and most of the clerics. Two priests survived, the church priest Þorfinnur and the priest Þórarinn Andrésson, who was chaplain to Bishop Vilchin at the time.
[2,"smw_nofloat","Expression error: Missing operand for +."]
An epidemic with influenza-like symptoms breaks out in Flanders. While the weather is rather cold, people start to cough and to have headaches. Only very few die. During autumn the cattle get sick with the same symptoms.
Eodem anno mense aprili, circa initium mensis, ventus venit ab aquilone, cuncta virentia, pullulationes herbarum, arborum, omnesque virgulti fores urendo depasceret et velut solis ardor foenum aestivo sub tempore marcescere faceret, unde et eo anno cerasa, poma, pyra et huiusmodi fructus pauci et in magna caristia habiti sunt. Insuper et ex hujusmodi vento praecordia hominum et jumentorum tacta et algido rigore congelata, velut quodam fumo sulphureo usta constringebantur, ut omne fere hominum genus, cujuscunque sexus, aetatis seu conditionis fuerit, mox instante eodem mense aprili et sequentibus mayo et julio intollerabilem passiones tussis, cum raucitate pectoris et maximo capitis dolore irremediabiliter pateretur, hujusmodi intoxicativa materia praeconcepta, paucis exinde morientibus, etiam sequenti autumpno ipsa bruta animalia, praecipue vaccae, foetosae et hujusmodi, ut putatur, passionis materia raucefactis praecordis atque constrictis, ut nec cibum, nec potum capere possent, sed miserabiliter mugientes quamplurimae diversis in locis morientur.
Shortages, famine and pestilence in Odense
a: Anno domini mccccv..... Otthoniæ Petrus Ienson Marsvinus magnis afficit beneficiis sodales prædicatores. ♦ Executores testamenti constituuntur Robertus Richardi, proconsul et aduocatus, et Iohannes Clementis, consul. b: In 1405 da stoor dyyrtiid, hunger og pest grasserede, gav Peder Marsviin Iensen noget gods til prædikebrøder. ♦ Originalen i Odense hospitals giemme. c: Noch et stk. item refued pergament bref, som er Peder Marsvins testamente. ♦ Dat. 1400.
In the year of our Lord 1405 ....., Peder Jensen Marsvin in Odense provided the preacher brothers (= Dominicans) with large benefactions. Robert Rikardsen, mayor and bailiff, and Jens Klementsen, aldermen, are appointed executors of the will. 1405, when there were great shortages, hunger and plague, Peder Marsvin Jensen gave some property to the preacher brothers. The original is in Odense Hospital‘s archives. Also a parchment letter, also torn, which is Peder Marsvin's will. Date 1400
C. Nyrop: ''Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer fra Middelalderen'',vol. 2. København 1895–1904, p. 15
Foundation of the shoemakers‘ guild in Odense, Denmark in 1405 to support and protect each other in the case of misfortune brought by the plague
Thet schedhæ saa i forthamæ timæ, ath stor døth regnerethæ ouer al werden, som man kallæ wære pestilencia, tha friictæthæ suo wæl vngæ som gamlæ, forthi at døthæn han spar ængen, tha friictæthæ oc schomaghere svønæ i Otthens for døthen oc thottæ them suo, ath the wilde flii theres thing suo, ath om noger aff them døthæ, ath han sculdæ wæl worthæ forestanden, tha gingæ the til alderman oc til stolbrøthræ, som tha wore forstandere i schomaghere lagh i Otthens oc bathæ thøm, ath the wilde wæl gøre oc vnnæ them at hawe eet kumpanyæ, tha beradde the them voeth alle brøthræ oc vntæ them thet at hawe oc at holde, som her æfter stander screwet.
It so happened in bygone times that great death ruled all over the world, which was called pestilencia, and was feared by young and old alike, because death spared no one. At that time, also the shoemakers' journeymen in Odense feared death and it seemed [appropriate] to them to move their goods in that way that if someone of them died, he should be well provided for, then they went to the alderman and to the companions who then were in the council of the shoemakers‘ guild in Odense and appealed to them that they would do well in granting them a company, this they told to all the companions and bestowed them to have and to hold what is written hereinafter.
C. Nyrop: ''Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer fra Middelalderen''
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 268.
La mortalità era grande in Padova e nel chanpo, e morivi Paolo Savelli. Feciono di poi chapitano messere Ghaleazo da Mantova.
The mortality was great in Padua and in the surroundings, and Paolo Savelli died. They made Messer Ghaleazo da Mantova as the new Captain.
Template:Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905, vol. 3, pp. 405–407
Letter from Coluccio Salutati to Domenico Bandini in Arezzo, mentioning a fever illness there and the death of one of his children through illness
Sunt omnia, quanvis levia, vir insignis, frater optime et amice karissime, temporibus istis suspecta, ut quanvis febris quartane typus parum habeat cum pestilenti febre commertium, metuendum sit tamen, ne sub illius egritudinis commotione pestifera lues (p. 406) oprebat. [...] Ego vero valeo; valent et miei, preter Andream, qui, sicut Deo placuit, Petrum comitatus est. Sit nomen Domini benedictum. Philippus hodie nona die graviter egrotavit cum sigillis et signis; convalescit tamen et, licet febris adsit et ulcus suspectum ingravescat (p. 407), liberationem speramus. Vale et in morte Andree, precor, non commovearis, sed mecum teneas et secum et nobiscum Deum egisse non solum sicut oportet, sed misericorditer atque bene.
A general mortality in Eisenach.
In deme selbin jare (1406) da wart eyn gemeyne sterbin.
In the same year (1406) there was a general mortality.
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99, Vol. 2, p. 136.
Great plague in Lübeck and everywhere by the sea.
1119. In deme sulven jare do was grot pestilencie by der zee, to Lubeke unde allerweghen by der zee.
1119. In the same year (1406) was a great plague by the sea, from Lübeck and everywhere by the sea.
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019, p. 279
Mortality in Pisa and Lucca.
Partì di qui a dì *** di dicienbre 1406. Rifiutorono assai di quelli ufici per rispetto della mortalità, la quale chominciava già in Pisa e in Lucha inn alchuni: meno di sei si dicieva esere periti. Di ciò ldio presti vita e santà a chi v’è ito e a nnoi che rimagniamo
He left from here on dì *** of december 1406. They refused many of those offices out of respect for the mortality, which had already begun in Pisa and Lucca in some: less than six were said to have perished. Of this God lend life and health to those who have gone and to us who remain there.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 399.
Тогда [6914][1] бяше моръ во Пьсковѣ над людьми железою. [2]
There 1406/1407 was then a plague with swelling/blister/cerebral oedema[3] in Pskov.
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A plague in Thuringia, causing mortality, amongst the victims is Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia, died at the Wartburg above Eisenach
Anno 1406 Ist ein grausames landtsterben gewesen, welches zeitlich im Sommer angefangen, vnd wol in winter hinein biß auf weinachten gewehret, da sind viel guter leute hohes vnd Nidriges standes gestorben. Vnd vnter denselbigen sonderlich landgraf Balthasar zu Duringen, welher gestorben ist zu Wartpurg in allem guten, acht tage vor Vrbani <17 May 1406>, lieg tzu Reinhardtsbrunn begraben.
In the year 1406, there was a severe epidemic across the country, which began in the summer and lasted until around Christmas. During this time, many people of high and low social status perished. Among them was Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia, who passed away at the Wartburg eight days prior to Urban's Day (17th of May), and was buried at [monastery of] Reinhardtsbrunn .
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1406.html (20 April 2020).
Item, dimars a X d’aost, que fonc lo jorn de la festa de Sant Laurens, se fes autra procession general en esta vila, per preguar Nostre Senhor que li plagues per la sieua misericordia de donar salut et sanetat a la persona del rey nostre senhor et de metre pas et union en la sancta glieysa de Dieu, et de nos levar la enfermetat et la impidimia que say a tant longament continuat et que s’abrasa fort entorn nos ; et la Verges, madona sancta Maria, la sieua benezecta mayre, et totz los sans e las sanctas de Paradis que l’en vuelhon preguar ; la quala procession fes mossenher lo sagresta de Magalona et foron hy las processions dels quatre ordes et totas las autras glieysas et lo pobol seguic la am gran devocion. Fes lo sermo lo reveren maystre Bertran Vaquier, maystre en la sancta teulogia, dels frayres de Nostra Dona del Carme, davant lo cossolat.
On Tuesday August 10, during the feast of Saint Lawrence, we made another general procession in our city to pray to Our Lord that he would like with his mercy to give health and healing to the person of the king, our lord, in the holy Church of God, and to free us from the disease and the epidemic which lasted for so long here and which is unleashed around us; and may the Virgin, Saint Mary, her blessed mother, and all the saints in Paradise interfere for us. This procession was organized by Mgr the sacristan of Maguelone. The four orders and all the other churches participated. And the people followed with great devotion. The sermon was delivered before the consulate by the Rev. Master Bertrand Vaquièr, master in holy theology, brother of Notre-Dame-des-Carmes.
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Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1407.html (20 April 2020).
A sermon is delivered in Montpellier against the mortality that affects the region. The next day, a procession is organized.
Item, dimergue a XXIIII jorns del mes d’abril, de licencia dels senhors generals que ereaan en lo paÿs, de mossenher lo governador et dels autres officiers de nostre senhor lo rey, et de mossen lo vicari de mossenher de Magalona, et a requesta dels senhors cossols sus lo fag de la empedimia et granda mortalitat que era en esta vila, fonc dich I sollempne sermo el plan del cossolat per maystre Johan Cabassol, maystre en la sancta teulogia, de l’orde de frayres menors, apelat lo poble, en presencia del dig mossenher lo vicari, de mossenher lo bayle, los autres curials, los ditz senhors cossols et de tot lo poble aqui ajustat ; et mosenher lo vicari aqui adordenet et fes publicar en lo sermo per lo maystre que, d’aqui en avan, en totas las glyeyas de Montpeylier et dels relegious et relegyosas et autras, la primieyra messa que se dira lo mati sia la messa de la empedimia que comessa "« Recordare »", la quala adordenet papa Clemens VI ; et donet al capela que la dis et a cascun de totz aquelos que la auzon devotamen IIIc jorns de endulgencia et de veray perdon. Procession: Item, l’endeman que fonc lo dilhus et la festa de mossen Sant Marc, euvangelista, se fes en la dicha vila una honorabla, sancta et devota procession general.
Sunday April 24, with the authorization of the lords who were in our region, of the governor and of the other officers of our lord the king, of the bishop's vicar of Maguelone, and at the request of the consulate, because of the epidemic and of the great mortality which raged in our city, a solemn sermon was pronounced on the place of the consulate by Master Joan Cabassòl, master in holy theology, of the order of the Franciscans brothers. It has been delivered in the presence of the vicar, of the baillif and of other curials, as well as of the members of the consulate and of all the population gathered there. The vicar ordered in his sermon that henceforth, in all the churches of Montpellier, the first mass to be said in the morning would be the mass of the epidemic, that which begins with "Recordare", and which was ordered by Pope Clement VI. He granted the priest who say it and each of those who listen to it devoutly 300 days of indulgence and true forgiveness. The next day, on Monday, which was Saint Marc Evangelist Day, we made in our city a worthy, holy and devout general procession.
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Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784, pp. 277-278.
Mortality in Nice, thus the Pope left the city and fled to Villafranca Piemonte(?)
Partimoci da lui da Monaco, e giugnemmo a Nizza adì 17. di Settembre, e perchè a Nizza si (p. 278) diceva essere alquanto di mortalità, però il Papa s'era partito, et ito a Villafranca.
We left him from Monaco, and came to Nice on the 17th of September, and because in Nice (p. 277) they said that there was some mortality. Because of that the Pope left, and went to Villafranca.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 82.
[6916] Тога же лѣта моръ на люди по многымъ странамъ коркотою: въ волостехъ Ржевскыхъ, Можайскыхъ, Дмитровьскыхъ, Звенигородскихъ, Переславьскыхъ, Володимерскыхъ, Юрiевьскыхъ, Разаньскыхъ, Торускыхъ, было же иде въ Московскыхъ волостехъ.
That year (1408) the epidemic was among people in many lands, namely: Rzhevsk land, Mozhaisk land, Dmitriyev land, Zvenigorod land, Pereyaslavl land, Volodymyr land, Yuryev land, Ryazan land, Torussk land, was also in other parts of Moscow territory.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 237.
A plague in many regions of Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
Toгo же лѣтa [6916] моръ бысть на люди по многым cтopoнам коркотами в волостex Pжевъскых, Moжаискых, Дмитровъскых, Звенигородскых, Переславъскых, Boлoдимерьскых, Юрьевъскых, Pязаньскых, Topycскых, было и в Mocковъскых волостex.
That year 1408, there was epidemic among people in many places, [they suffered from] plague, in the estates of Rzhevsk, Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod, Pereyaslavl, Vladimir, Yuryev, Ryazan, Torussk, and also in estate of Moscow.
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Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 155.
A plague in many regions of Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia.
Toгo же лѣтa [6916] моръ бысть на люди по многым cтpaнамъ коркотoю въ волостexъ Pжевъскихъ, Moжаискихъ, Дмитровъскихъ, Звенигородцкхъ, Переяславъскихъ, Boлoдимерскихъ, Юрьевъскихъ, Pязанскихъ, Topycкихъ; было и индѣ въ Mocковскихъ волостexъ.
That year 1408, there was epidemic among people in many places, [they suffered from] plague, in the estates of Rzhevsk, Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod, Pereyaslavl, Vladimir, Yuryev, Ryazan, Torussk, and also elsewhere in estate of Moscow.
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A mortality breaks out in Flanders and elsewhere. It began in Courtray. Thousands of people die.
Eo tempore mortalitas fuit in diversis locis in Flandria, praecipue in Curtraco, et postea per totam Flandriam invaluit, ita ut multa milia morientur, et subito sic quod in uno die sani videbantur, altero die intra sepulcra tenebantur. Et non solum fuit haec pestilentia in Flandria, verum in aliis circumquaque regionibus.
In this time was a great mortality in Flanders. It spread especially in Courtray, and after all over Flanders. Thousands of people died si quickly, that who seemed to be healthy one day was in a grave the day after. This pestilence raged not only in Flanders, but also in neighbouring regions.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Garbacik et al., vol. 10, 2, Warszawa 1982, p. 55
Pope Alexander V retreats from Pisa around the end of October because of the raging plague there.
Alexander [Alexander quintus Papa ...] circa finem autem mensis Octobris, propter pestem epidimiae ex Pisis {Italia] recedens [...] in Pistorium [...] se contulit.
Pope Alexander V retreats from Pisa around the end of October because of the raging plague there and is consecrated in Pistoia.
Jacobus Twinger von Könishofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 774.
A procession against a dying in Strasbourg
Ein crüzegang für den sterbotte. Do men zalte noch gotz gebürte 1410, do geschach och ein semelich crüzegang für den sterbotte der dozumole zu Strosburg was.
A procession against dying. In 1410, a similar procession against dying took place in Strasbourg.
Et encor, enssi que nos creions, pair ledit rebellion fut nostre paiis grandement flagelleis ; car asseis toist chi-apres fut si grant mortaliteit, qu'ilh n'estoit en memoire d'homme que oncques awist veyut si grant.
And, as we feraed, the country has been molested even more because of the rebellion. Indeed, soon after a mortality broke out, so bad that no one even remembered such a great one.
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869, pp. 81-82.
L'anno seguente 1411 ci fu mortalità. Morissi Piero Lana; e poi di dicembre fermai accordo con Iacopo suo fratello e compagno, ch'era stato con meco e co'figliuoli di Piero, per mezanità di Dino di messer Guccio (p. 82) e Bernardo e Pagolo di Vanni e Zanobi di ser Benozo.
In that year 1411, there was a plague, and Piero Lana died. That December I made an agreement with his brother and partner, Jacopo, who had been my partner too, and with Piero's sons through Dino di Messer Guccio and Bernardo and Pagolo di Vanni and Zanobi di Ser Benozzo, who acted as intermediaries.
Buonaccorso Pitti fled from the raging plague in Florence to Pisa in April. But also there some members of his family died, so he decided to go outside of Pisa. He spent in 7 months 1,3 thousand florins.
Presi commiato da lui e tornamene a Firenze e qui stetti insino a dì 25 d'aprile nel 1411. E poi, per cagione che la mortalità ci cominciava, me n'andai con tutta la mia famiglia a Pisa, e menai con meco Nerozzo e Doffo di Luigi e Giovanozo di Francesco miei fratelli. Menai due famigli e una fante e una balia per uno fanciullo che avea 15 mesi. [94] Tolsi in Pisa una casa con assai masserizie a pigione da Bindo e Iacopo e Filippo degl'Astai per pregio di fiorini 48 d'oro. E stato insino alla fine di giugno, uno de' miei famigli si morì di male di pistolenzia; e di poi 15 dì una mia figiuola d'età di 12 anni si morì anche di male di pistolenzia. Il perché mi parti' di quella casa, e andane a abitare fuori di Pisa al luogo di Tomeo Grassolini al quale diedi fiorini 20 di pigione, e ivi stetti per insino a dì 24 di novembre; e tornammocene a Firenze. Trovami avere spesi in 7 mesi fiorini 1.300. Il luogo dove stemmo si chiama Ghezano.
I therefore took leave of him and returned to Florence where I stayed until 25 April 1411, when I took my family to Pisa to escape the plague which had broken out in Florence. I took with me Nerozzo and Doffo di Luigi and Giovanozzo di Francesco, my first cousins, as well as two servants, a serving boy and a wet nurse for a fifteen-month old baby. (p. 88) In Pisa I rented a furnished house from Bindo and Jacopo and Filippo degl' Astai for 48 gold florins. Towards the end of June, one of the servants died of the pestilence, and a fortnight later my twelve-year-old daughter also died. After that, I decided to leave that house and went to stay outside Pisa in a place belonging to Tommaso Grassolini, who rented it to me for twenty florins until 24 November when we came back to Florence. I reckoned that I had spent 1,300 florins in seven months. The place where we stayed is called Ghezano.
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Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840, p. L.
Low mortality in Florence, but many citizens flee anyway.
Morìa del 1411. In detto tempo fu in Firenze morìa non molto grande, e molti cittadini fuggirono il forte a Pisa e a Pistoia.
Mortality in 1411. In the aforementioned time was in Florence a low mortality, anyway many citizens fled to Pisa or Pistoia
1411-05-00-Florence# QUERY2dddf63c7d1bf6ee0833fc77fdc78a50
München, BSB, Clm 26666, fol. 134v (zit. F. Graus, Autour de la peste noire au XIVe siècle en Bohême, in: Annales ESC, xviii (1963), p. 724.
A great mortality starts in Bohemia after the feast of St John the Baptist (June 24).
Magna mortalitas post Johannis [fuit in Bohemia].
There was a great mortality [in Bohemia] after the feast of St. John.
Benessius Minorita, ed. G.Dobner (MBH IV, 1779) p. 23-78, p. 67.
A great cough was in Bohemia which made the people vulnerable for all sorts of diseases.
Et eodem anno venit tuffis maxima omnibus hominibus communiter in Boemia, per quam gravati multis infirmitatibus sunt oppresi.
And in the same year (1413) a very great cough came to all men in all of Bohemia, through which many were heavily oppressed by various illnesses.
En celui an fut très grant mortalité en tout le royaume
In that year (1413) was a great mortality in the (French) Kingdom.
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 44.
A great plague raged in Silesia between the feast days of St John the baptist (June 24) and St Jadwiga (October 15).
Pestis maxima in Silesia. Anno domini 1413 fuit maxima pestis in Silesia, incepit circa festum s. Johannis baptiste et duravit ad festum sancte Hedvigis.
Greates plague in Silesia. In the year of the Lord 1413 there was the greatest plague in Silesia. It started around the feast of St John the baptist and lastest until the feast of St Jadviga.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 140
Great pandemic in Östergötland and the rest of Sweden in 1413. 400 deaths between summer and Advent
Item, isto anno erat magna pestilencia in Osgocia ac eciam alibi per regnum Swecie. A festo autem Iohannis baptiste usque ad adventum Domini numerata sunt de opido Vazstena quasi quadringenta funera sepulta.
Also this year, a large plague epidemic ravaged Östergötland and also in other places in the Kingdom of Sweden. From the feast of John the Baptist [24 June] until Advent, around four hundred funerals took place in the town of Vadstena.
Annales Wratislawienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, pp. 680-688, 685.
A general plague hit the whole world.
Anno Domini 1413 fuit pestis generalis per totum orbem.
In the year of the Lord 1413 there was a general plague in the whole world.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 24f.
A plague rages in the whole of Poland and in Silesia from arount the feast of St John the Baptist (June 24) until around the feast of St Jadwiga (October 15).
Epidimiae pestis, cum universum Poloniae Regnum Slesiticamque oram gravi morbo vexasset et plures mortalium absumpsisset, [...] circa festum Sanctae Hedvigis quievit, cum circa festum Sancti lohannis Baptistae incepisset.
An epidemic plague haunted the whole of the kingdom of Poland and the region of Silesia as a severe desease and many mortals died [...] around the feast of St Jadviga it quitened, but it had started around the feast of St John the Baptist.
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1413.html (20 April 2020).
A procession is organized in Montpellier to protect the city from the plague that rages in the region of Lodève and Agde.
Item, dilhus a XII del mes de jun, que fonc l’endeman de Pantacosta, se fes en esta vila una honorabla [...] per quatre ho per sinc cauzas : la una, que Nostre Senhor, per la sieuna sancta misericordia, lo poble d’esta vila vuelha preservar de mortalitat et de la pestilencia de la impedimia que renha de present en Lotves et en Agades et en diverses autres luox a nos circumvicis.
Monday, June 12 (1413), which was the day after Pentecost, was organized in our city a worthy, holy and devout general procession [...] for four or five grounds: the first, that Our Lord, by His holy mercy, will preserve the people of this city of death and of the plague epidemic which rages at present in Lodévois, Agathois and in various other places of our neighborhood.
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Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71, p. 773.
In Strasbourg was an illness, that affected the head, culcers and hips, made people insane and killed many.
Aber ein siechtage von dem flosse. Do men zalte 1414 jor, do kam umb die liehtmesse ein gemeinre siechtage in alle lant von dem flosse und huften, genant der ganser oder der bürzel. und wurdent vil lüte in disem siechtagen bewart und verrihtet zum tode, doch koment sü vil bi alle uf. und die es in dem houbete sterkliche anekam, der wurdent etliche unsinnig und sturbent stympkliche [stündlich]. und bleip wenig ieman über, hie und in andern landen, in keme dirre siechtage ane. und wurdent die brotbecken und ire knehte underwilent also siech, das sü nüt erbeiten noch bachen möhtent, daz men dicke kein brot veil vant. und werte dirre sieche wol 1/2 jor.
But there was a sickness of the ulcers. In the year 1414, around Candlemas, a common illness spread through all the lands, affecting the culcers and hips, called the 'ganser' or 'bürzel' disease. Many people were struck down by this illness and prepared for death, although many also recovered. Those who were severely affected in the head became insane and died every hour. Very few people, here and in other lands, were left untouched by this illness. The bakers and their workers also became so sick at times that they could not work or bake, and often no bread could be found. This illness lasted for about half a year.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, Sp. 74-75
An epidemic of influenza (?) breaks out for three weeks in Paris, affecting 100 000 persons. People loose appetite, have heavy fever and cannot stop coughing and shaking. Constant cough injures testicules by men, and makes women prematurely abort. However nobody dies. When people get better, they loose a lot of blood. Sick people need six weeks to recover
Si advint par le plaisir de Dieu qu'un mauvais air corrompu chut sur le monde, qui plus de cent mille personnes à Paris mit en tel état qi'is perdirent le boire et le manger, le repousser, et avoient très fortes fièvre deux ou trois fois le jour, et espécialement toutes fois qu'ils mangeaient, et leur semblaient toutes choses quelconques amères et très mauvaises et puantes; toujours tremblaient où qu'ils fussent. Et avec ce, qui pis était, on perdait tout le pouvoir de son corps, qu'on osait toucher à quoi de nulle part que ce fût, tant étaient grevés ceux qui de ce mal étaient atteints; et dura bien sans cesser trois semaines ou plus, et commença à bon escient à l'entrée du mois de mars dudit an, et le nommait-on le tac ou le horion. Et ceux qui point n'en avaient ou qui en étaient guéris, disaient par ébatement: "En as-tu? Par moi foi, tu as chanté: ' Votre c.n. a la toux, commère'". Car avec tout le mal devant dit, on avait la toux si fort et le rhume à l'enrouure, qu'on ne chantait qui rien fût de hautes messes à Paris. Mais sur tous les maux la toux était si cruelle à tous, jour et nuit, qu'aucuns hommes par force de tousser furent rompus par les génitoires toute leur vie, et aucune femmes qui étaient grosses, qui n'étaient pas à terme, eurent leurs enfants sans compagnie de personne, par force de tousser, qu'il convenait mourir à grand martyre et mère et enfant. Et quand se venait sur la guérison, ils jetaient grande foison de sang bête par la bouche et par le nez et par dessous, qui moult les ébahissait, et néanmoins personne n'en mourait; mais à peine en pouvait personne être guéri, car depuis que l'appétit de manger fut aux personnes revenu, si fut-il plus de six semaines après, avant qu'on fût nettement guéri; ni physicien nul ne savait dire quel mal c'était
If by the pleasure of God an evil and corrupt air fell upon the world, which more than a hundred thousand people in Paris put in such a state that they lost their drink and their food, pushed it back, and had very high fever two or three times a day, and especially all the time they ate, and seemed to them all things bitter and very bad and stinking; always trembled wherever they were. And with that which was worse, they lost all the power of their bodies, that they dared to touch anything from anywhere, so much was the burden on those who were afflicted with this evil; and it lasted well without ceasing for three weeks or more, and began in good time at the beginning of March of the said year, and was called the tac or horion. And those who did not have it or who were healed of it, said in amazement, "Have you any? By my faith, you have sung: 'Your n.c. has a cough, you gossip'". For, with all the evil before them, they coughed so loudly and had a cold so badly that they sang nothing of the high masses in Paris. But of all evils the cough was so cruel to all, day and night, that no man by force of coughing was broken by the genitories all his life, and no woman who was fat, who was not at term, had her children without company of anyone, by force of coughing, that it was convenient to die a great martyrdom and mother and child. And when it came to healing, they threw out a great abundance of silly blood through their mouth and nose and underneath, which moved them, and yet no one died from it; but scarcely could anyone be healed, for since the appetite for food had returned to the people, if it was more than six weeks later, before they were clearly healed; neither physicist nor any one knew how to tell what evil it was.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 39f.
During the siege of the town of Brodnica, which is held by the Teutonic Knights, a desease (dysentry) if rife aomong the Polish troups, because, although they are well provided with meat, there is a serious shortage of bread. Many fall ill and some die.
Wladislaus Rex ad preces Nuntii apostolici absidionem Brodniczae solvit, vi morbi in exercitu grassante, commeatusque penuria admonitus, Constantiense Concolium indicitur. [...] Serpsit et aliud in castra sua ex mora diuturna in loco uno malum. Omnium siquidem victualium, carnis praecipue, exercitus suus regius habens abundantiam, panis egestate et penuria nimia angebatur: ex quo dysenteriae pestis coorta, plures mortales aut extenuavit, aut extinxit; a defectu quoque panis, brevi tempore interveniente, expeditio praefata, gamelica a Polonis eppelloctur, Pestilens quoque morbus, sanguinis profluvio concretus et a penuria panis concitatus, universa castra Regis pervaserat.
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier, http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1414.html (20 April 2020).
A procession is organized in Montpellier to protect the city from the pestilence that rages since long in the region.
Item, dimergue a II del mes de septembre, se fes en esta vila una honorabla procession general [...] Et fes se la dicha procession per V cauzasitem [...]: Item que aquesta pestilencia de mortalitat et empedimia, que en aquesta vila a tant lonc temps durat et encaras dura et totz jorn se multiplica plus fort, lhi plassa de far cessar et aver pietat de son paure poble.
Sunday, September 9, has been celebrated a very honorable procession in the city [...] This procession has been held for 5 reasons [...]: likewise because of the lethal pestilence that raged since long and perpetuates and increases every day, so that He have pity for His people.
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Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, p. 343
A great mortality in Magdeburg and surrounding lands, killing also the father of the archbishop.
In diesem sulven jare [1415] was to Magdeborch ein grot stervent und in anderen landen; und do starf greve Gunter van Swarzborch, unses heren vader van Magdeborch, in sunte Allexius dage.
In the same year 1415 there was a great mortality at Magdeburg and also elsewhere; Count Günther von Schwarzburg, father of our Lord the Archbishop of Magdeburg, died on St Alexius' Day.
DI 100, Stadt Lüneburg, Nr. 42† (Sabine Wehking), in: www.inschriften.net, urn:nbn:de:0238-di100g019k0004207
Funeral inscription of a mayor and his wife from Lübeck, that according to a 16th c. chronicler died of plague in exile in Lüneburg.
Anno Domini 1415 Feria quinta post Dominicam Quasimodogeniti obÿt Dominus Henricus Westhoff proconsul lubicensis / Anno Domini 1415 Eodem die Ghezeke uxor eius obdormivit in Domino.
In the year of our Lord 1415 on Thursday after Sunday Quasimodogeniti died Heinrich Westhoff, mayor of Lübeck. / In the year of our Lord 1415, on the same day his wife Gheseke fell asleep in the Lord.
Outbreak of plague in the Margraviate of Brandenburg and nearby territories, striking the young
In demselben jahre (1416) hat in der Marcke und in anderen umbliegenden landen die plage der pestilentz greulich grassiert, sonderlich unter den jungen leuten.
In the same year (1416) in the Margraviate of Brandenburg and in other nearby lands the pestilential plague has raged horribly, particularly among younger people.
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840, pp. LIV-LV.
Great mortality in Florence and citizens fled to Forlì.
Morìa del 1417. In questo tempo fu in Firenze grandissima morìa, e fecesi conto che nella terra morì 16 migliaia d'anime, e tra'signori e collegi ne (p. LIV) morì 9; fuggirono il forte de'cittadini a Furlì e in altri luoghi. E in questa morìa morì Cino di Messer Francesco di Cino Rinuccini.
Death in 1417. In this time was a great death in Florence, and it was counted that in the area died 16 thousand souls, and among lords and colleges 9 died; the strong citizens fled to Forlì and to other places. In this death died Cino di Messer Francesco di Cino Rinuccini.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 89.
Epidemic in Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Rus, Porkhov, Pskov, Torzhok, Tver, Dmitrov and in their territories.
[6925] Въ то же лѣто бысть моръ страшенъ въ людехъ въ Новѣгородѣ Великомъ, и въ Ладозѣ, и въ Руѣс, и въ Порховѣ, и въ Псковѣ, и въ Торжку, и въ Твери, и въ Дмитровѣ, и по властемъ ихъ. И толь великъ моръ, яко живiи не успѣваху мертвыхъ погребати, ниже доволни бяху здравiи бoлнымъ служити, но единъ здравый десятерымъ болеемъ служааще; мнози двори пусты быша, а въ иномъ единъ человѣкъ остася, или два, а индѣ едино дѣтище. Болѣзнь же сицева бысть людемъ: преже яко рогатиною ударить за лопадку, или противу сердца, подъ груди и промежь крилъ, и разболѣвся начнеть кровiю хракати, и огнъ разжетъ, по семъ потъ иметъ, потомъ дрожь иметъ, и иметъ ходити по всѣмъ съставомъ человѣчимъ иедугъ той; желѣза же не единаче: иному на шеи, другому на стѣгне, овому подъ пазухою, или подъ скулою, или за лопадкою, и въ паху и на иныхъ мѣстехъ. И въ болѣзни той полежавше и съ покаанiемъ и съ масломъ, мнози же и аггельска образа сподобишяся, отъ житiа отхожаху; сице бо милосердiе свое и казнь съ милостiю людемъ своимъ посла.
That year (1417) there was a terrible epidemic among the people in Veliky Novgorod, and in Ladoga, and in Rus, and in Porkhov, and in Pskov, and in Torzhok, and in Tver, and in Dmitrov, and in their territories. And so great was the epidemic that the living could not handle burying the dead, and there were not enough healthy people to serve the sick, as one healthy person served dozens of sick people; and many manors were empty, and in others one or two people survived, and elsewhere one child. And the sickness was such in the people: as if a rogatina (bear spear kick) were hit behind the shoulders, or straight through the heart, or in the breast, or in the back, and when they became ill they began to cough up blood and burning a fire [1], and then they sweated and trembled, and went through every possible kind of human suffering; for the bubos were not all the same, one had one on his neck, another on his thighs, another near his sinuses, another under his cheek, or behind his shoulder, or under his armpit, or in other places. And lying in this sorrow, and with penance, and with oils, and even let in front of an angel, they passed away [died] from life; because with His love He sent [Him] His mercy and His torment.
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Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 163–164.
Attack of the plague in many areas of northern Rusia.
Bъ то же лѣтo [6925] быcть мopъ cтpaшeнъ въ людexъ въ Hoвѣгopoдѣ Beликoмъ и въ Лaдoзѣ, и въ Pycѣ, и въ Пopxoвѣ, и въ Пcкoвѣ, и въ Topжькy, и въ Tфepи, и въ Дмитpoвѣ, и пo влacтeмъ иxъ; и толь великъ быcть мopъ, яко живiи не ycпѣвaxy мepтвыxъ погpeбати, ниже доволни бяxy здравiи болящимъ служити, но единъ здравыи десятерымъ болeмъ служаще, и мнози дворы пусти бышa, a вo инoмъ единъ человѣкъ ocтacя или двa, a индѣ единo дѣтище. Болѣзнь же сицeвa быcть людeмъ: преже, яко poгатиною ударитъ за лопaтку или противу cepдцa подъ груди и пpомежи крилъ, и paзболѣвся начнетъ кровiю xpaкaти и огнь pажжетъ, по ceмъ потъ иметь, потoмъ дрожь иметъ, и иметь xoдити по всѣмъ cъcтавомъ человѣчимъ недугъ тои; желѣзa же не единаче, иному на шiи, дрyгому на стѣгнѣ, оному подъ пазухою или подъ скулою, или за лопaткoю и въ пaxy и на инѣхъ мѣстexъ, и въ болѣзни тои полeжавше, cъ покаанiемъ и cъ масломъ, мнози же и aггельска образа сподобившеся, oтъ житiя oтxoжaxy; cице бо милocepдiе свoe и казнь cъ милocтiю людемъ cвоимъ послa.
That year [6925] there was a terrible plague among the people in Novgorod the Great, and in Ladoga, and in Russa, and in Porkhov, and in Pskov, and in Torzhok, and in Tver, and in Dmitrov, and in their estates; and then there was a great plague, so that the living were not able to bury the dead. The healthy should have served the sick, but one healthy person had to serve ten sick people. And many manors were empty, in one a man or two remained, and in another only a child. The disease progressed as follows in humans: first, as if struck with bear spear behind the shoulder blade or in front of the heart, in the chest and between the collarbones. And when he falls ill, he begins to spit blood and [as if] a burning fire, then he sweats, then he shivers, and this suffering spreads through all his joints. The swelling/blisters were not in the same [places], some on the neck, the other on the tendon, the other under the armpit, or under the cheekbone, or behind the shoulder blade and under the armpit, and in other places. And lying in this disease, after confession and [anointing] with [holy] oil, they took an angelic shape and departed from life. Thus [God] sent His mercy and punishment with love to people.
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Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, c. 408.
A fearful plague among the people in Novgorod, and in Ladoga, in Russa, Porkhov, Pskov, Tver, Dmitrov, and in Torzhok, and throughout their districts and villages
В то же лѣто и зиму [6925] [1] бѣ моръ страшенъ в Новѣгородѣ на людех, и в Ладозѣ, и в Русѣ, и в Порховѣ, и во Пьсковѣ, и въ Торжьку, и въ Дмитровѣ, и во Тфѣри, и по властемъ и по погостомъ. И како могу сказати ту бѣду страшную и грозную, бывшюю в весь моръ; кака туга живым по мертвыхъ, понеже умножишася умерших въ градѣх и селех, тѣм же едва успѣваху живии мертвых опрятывати, на всякъ день умираху толко, яко не успѣваху погрѣбати их, а дворовъ много затвориша безъ людии. Преже яко рогатынею ударить и явится железа, или начнет кровию хракати и потомь дрожь имет и огнь ражьжет по всѣмъ уставам человѣческымъ естественым, и недуг походит; и в то болѣзни мнози, лежавъ, изомроша[2]. Мнозѣх же крестиянъ богъ помилова своею милостию: отъидоша житья сего въ аггельском чину, от архиереи маслом мазавшимся; и два посадника преставистася в том же чину: Иванъ Олександрович, Борисъ Васильевич. А владыка Семеонъ съ всею седмию сборовъ и съ крестианы, со кресты обходи около всего великаго Новагорода, молися богу и пречистѣи его матери о престатьи гнѣва божиа.
The same summer and winter [6925] there was a fearful plague among the people in Novgorod, and in Ladoga, in Russa, Porkhov, Pskov, Tver, Dmitrov, and in Torzhok, and throughout their districts and villages. And how can I relate the fearful and terrible misery that there was during the whole plague ? What grief the living had for the dead, for the deaths increased so in towns and villages that the living had barely time to make the dead tidy for burial; so many died every day, that they had not time to bury them; and many houses were closed unoccupied. First of all it would hit one as if with a lance, choking, and then a swelhng would appear, or spitting of blood with shivering, and fire would burn one in all the joints of the body; and then the illness would overwhelm one; and many after lying in that illness died. But to many Christians God was merciful : they left this life entering the angelic order after receiving holy unction from the Vladyka. And two Posadniks died in the same order: Ivan Olexandrovich and Boris Vasilievich. And Vladyka Simeon with all the seven congregations, with the Christians and with crosses went round the whole of Great Novgorod, praying God and His Immaculate Mother to withhold the wrath of God ; and the Christians on horseback and afoot drew logs from the forest and built a church to St. Anastasia which was consecrated the same day by the Vladyka Simeon who performed a holy liturgy ; with the remainder of the logs, they erected a church to St. Ilya in Prussian Street. And the people of Novi-torg put up a church to St. Afanasi likewise in a single day, and performed a liturgy.
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Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 243.
Plague attack, probably on Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia[1]
И толь [6925] великъ быcть мopъ, яко живии не ycпевaxy мepтвыx погpeбати, ниже доволни бяxy здравии болящим служите, но единъ здравъ и десятерым болным служаще. И мнози дворы пусты бышa, a в ынoм един человѣкъ ocтacя или двa, a индѣ единo дѣтище. Болѣзнь же сицeвa быcть: преже, яко poгатиною ударитъ за лопaтку или противу cepдцa по груди и пpомежи крилъ, и paзболѣвъся начнет кровью xpaкaти и огнь pажжет по ceм потъ иметь, по тoм дрожь имет, и иметь xoдити по всѣм ccтавом человѣчим недугъ тои. Желѣзa же не единаче, иному на шeи, дрyгому на стегнѣ, оному под пазухою или под скулою, или за лопaткoю и в пaxy и на иных мѣстex. И в болѣзни тои полeжавше, c покаанемъ и c маслом, мнози же и aнгельска образа сподобившеся, oт жития oтxoжaxy. Cице бо милocepдие свoe и казнь c милocтью людемъ cвоим послa.
And then [6925] there was a great plague, so that the living were not able to bury the dead. The healthy should have served the sick, but one healthy person had to serve ten sick people. And many manors were empty, in one a man or two remained, and in another only a child. The disease progressed as follows: first, as if struck with bear spear behind the shoulder blade or in front of the heart, in the chest and between the collarbones. And when he falls ill, he begins to spit blood and [as if] a burning fire, then he sweats, then he shivers, and this suffering spreads through all his joints. The swelling/blisters were not in the same [places], some on the neck, the other on the tendon, the other under the armpit, or under the cheekbone, or behind the shoulder blade and under the armpit, and in other places. And lying in this disease, after confession and [anointing] with [holy] oil, they took an angelic shape and departed from life. Thus [God] sent His mercy and punishment with love to people.
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Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, Sp. 129
Mortality due to plague (boce) in Paris, especially dangerous among young persons and children
Item, en celuy temps, vers la fin du moy d'aoust, faisoit si grant chalour de jour et de nuyt, que homme ne femme ne povoit dormir par nuyt, et avec ce estoit tres grant mortalité de boce et l'espidymie, et tout sur jeune gent et sur enfens
That year, in the end of August, the heat was so important day and night that people could not even sleep. Meanwhile, there was a great mortality of boce and a great epidemic, mostly among young people and children.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, Sp. 133-134
Great mortality in Paris in September. The loss is estimated to 50 000 dead people in the city, and the epidemic is estimated to be the worst one since 300 years. Young people and children are most at risk
Item, cedit mois de septembre, était à Paris et autour la mortalité si très cruelle, qu'on eut vu depuis 300 ans par le dit des anciens; car nul n'échappait qui fû féru de l'épidémie, especialement jeunes gens et enfants. Et tant en mourut vers la fin dudit mois, et si hâtivement, qu'il convint faire es cimetières de Paris grandes fosses, où on en mettait trente ou quarante en chacune, et étaient arrangés comme lards, et puis un peu poudrés par dessus de terre; et touours jour et nuit on n'était en rue qu'on ne rencontrât Notre Seigneur, qu'on portait aux malades, et trétous avaient la plus belle connaissance de Dieu Notre Seigneur à la fin, qu'on vit oncques avoir à chrétiens. Mais au dit des clercs, on n'avait oncques vu ni ouï parler de mortalité qui fût si desvée, ni plus âpre, no dont mins échappèrent de gens qui férus en furent, car en moins de cinq semaines trépassa en la ville de Paris plus de 50 000 personnes. Et tant trépassa de gens d'église qu'on enterrait quatre, ou six, ou huit chefs d'hôtel à une messe de notte, et convenait marchander aux prêtres pour combien ils la chanteraient, et bien souvent en convenait payer 16 ou 8 sols parisis, et d'une messe basse 4 sols parisis
Item, this September, was in Paris and around the very cruel mortality, which had been seen for 300 years by the elders; for no one escaped who was keen on the epidemic, especially young people and children. And so many died towards the end of that month, and so hastily, that he agreed to make the cemeteries of Paris into large pits, where thirty or forty were placed in each, and were arranged like bacon, and then a little powdered over the ground; and day and night we were always in the street until we met Our Lord, which we brought to the sick, and all had the most beautiful knowledge of God Our Lord at the end, which we saw we had to Christians. But, according to the clerics, they had neither seen nor heard of a mortality that was so desperate, nor more bitter, nor did many people who were fervent about it escape, for in less than five weeks more than 50,000 people died in the city of Paris. And so many churchmen died that four, or six, or eight heads of hotel were buried at a mass of notte, and agreed to bargain with the priests for how much they would sing it, and often agreed to pay 16 or 8 sols parisis, and for a low mass 4 sols parisis.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, vol. 1, p. 175
Because of a mortality the parliament court of Paris is shutdown.
Ce jour, pour ce que à Paris et en plusieurs parties de ce royaume avoit grant mortalité, la Court ordenna que le Parlement cesseroit quant aux plaidoiries, et, samedi prochain ensuivant, seroient prononciés les derreniers arrestz.
It has been deciden on this day that because of the mortality affecting Paris and other locations in the Kingdom the court of justice must be shutdown. The last judgments should be executed before saturday.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, vol. 1, p. 179-180
A procession is organized at the church of Saint-Victor of Paris against the mortality that reigns in the city and other places of the Kingdom.
Furent au conseil maistres J. de Longueil et J. Rapiout, presidens (et huit conseillers) lesquelz se departirent assez tost de la Chambre de Parlement pour aler, ceulz qui vouldroient aler à Saint-Victor leiz Paris en la procession générale qui avoit esté ordonnée estre faicte pour occasion des guerres et grant mortalité estans en ce royaume. Et fu ce jour generalement à Paris faicte abstinence de cher par le commandement de l'evesque de Paris ou ses vicaires.
Those who were present at the coucil this day, J. de Longueil and J. Rapiout with 8 consultants, went out earlier that usual in order to go to the procession that was held at the church of Saint-Victor of Paris. This procession has been decided because of the war and the epidemic that ravage the Kingdom. For this day, the bishop of Paris promoted a fasting.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, vol. 1, p. 184
While war and an epidemic raged in Paris, food prices are very high.
Et combien que le peuple de Paris fust grandement diminué tant par le fait des guerres comme de l'épidémie, neantmoins estoient les vivres en grant chierté à Paris, et vendoit on busche, blefs et avoines à plus haut pris que on n'avoit fait long temps par avant.
And while the people of Paris was undermine by the war and the epidemic, prices of all goods, like wood, wheat and oat, reached their highest level since long.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, vol. 1, p. 188-189
A procession is organized at Notre-Dame of Paris without the bishop who is retired in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés because of the epidemic.
Le IIIe jour de novembre, y ot procession et grant assemblée de peuple en l'église Nostre-Dame de Paris, et fist le sermon ung cordelier nommée frere Pierre aux Buefs, confesseur de la Royne, ouquel sermon furent leues et publieez les lettres de l'evesque de Paris, en l'absence dudit evesque estant lors en l'abbaye de Saint-Mor-des-Fossés, pour le doubte de l'épidimie aiant cours à Paris.
The 3rd of November was held a procession with a lot of people in the church of Notre-Dame. The sermon has been preached by a Franciscan monk named Pierre aux Buefs, the confessor of the queen. During the sermon, he read and made public some letters of the bishop of Paris, who was not there, but in the abbey of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés because of the danger of the epidemic affecting the city.
1419. Hoc anno regnaverunt pestilencie in toto orbe terrarum, et innumerabilia milia hominum obierunt, quos denumerare nemo poterat, in diversis urbibus. Et duraverunt duos annos et ultra
In 1419, pestilences prevailed throughout the entire world, and countless thousands of people perished, whom no one could enumerate, in various cities. And they endured for two years and more.
1419-00-00-Zwiefalten# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 90.
Epidemics in Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Halych, Plyos and Rostov.
О мору. Въ лѣто 6928. Моръ бысть силенъ на люди, почался на Успенiе святыя Богородица, на Костромѣ, и въ Ярославлѣ, и въ Галичѣ, и на Плесѣ, и въ Ростовѣ; и тако вымроша, яко и жита бѣ жати нѣкому.
About the epidemic. In the year 1420 there was a great epidemic among the people, it began on the Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God[1], in Kostroma[2], and in Yaroslavl[3], and in Halych[4], and in Plyos[5], and in Rostov[6]; and so the people died, that there was no one to reap the grain.
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869, pp. 96-97.
The plague struck the house of the author. They tried to escape the plague by fleeing, but nevertheless many died
La pestilenzia fu in casa nostra, come permisse Idio, che provede bene a tutte le cose, e cominciò dal fante, cioè Paccino, a l'uscita di giugno 1420; e poi da indi a 3 dì la Marta nostra schiava, e poi al primo dì di luglio la Sandra mia figliuola, e a dì 5 di luglio l'Antonia. E uscimmo di casa, e andammo dirimpetto; e infra pochi dì morì la Veronica: e uscimone e andammo in via Chiara, e presevi il male alla Bandecca e alla Pippa, e amendue s'andarono a Paradiso a dì (p. 97), 1 d'agosto, tutti di segno di pestilenzia. E cessò, e tornammo in casa nostra. Idio li benedica. Anche la ragione della Bandecca e di suo testamento appare al mio libro A c. …
God who shows his wisdom in all things permitted the plague to strike our house. The first to succumb was our manservant Paccino at the end of June 1420. Three days later it was the turn of our slave-girl Marta, after her on 1 July my daughter Sandra and on 5 July my daughter Antonia. We left that house after that and went to live opposite, but a few days later Veronica died. Again we moved, this time to Via Chiara where Bandecca and Pippo fell ill and departed this life on 1 August. All of them bore the marks of the plague. It passed off after that and we returned to our own house. May God bless them all. Bandecca's will and her accounts appear on page ... of my ledger A.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, vol. 1, p. 372-373
Eustache de l'Aitre, chancellor of France died in Sens during an epidemic few days ago.
Ce jour, vindrent nouvelles au Palais de la mort et trespas de maistre Eustace de l'Aitre, chancelier de France, esleu evesque de Beauvès, qui, le vendredi précédent estoit trespassé, epidémié au dyocese de Sens, au service et en la compagnie du Roy.
This day, the news came at the House that Eustache de l'Aitre, chancellor of France and newly elected bishop of Beauvais died last friday in the bishopric of Sens, because of the epidemic that raged out there.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 244.
Plague and famine in many towns of Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
O мopy и о гладѣ. B лѣтo 6928. Быcть моръ силенъ на Kocтромѣ и въ Яpocлавлѣ, в Галичѣ, на Плесе, в Pocтовѣ, пoчен oт ycпeнья богopoдици. И тако вымроша, яко и жита бѣ жати нѣкомy […] и бысть глад по мopy.
About plague and famine. In the year 6928. There was a strong plague in Kostroma and Yaroslavl, in Galich, on Plesa, in Rostov, it began on the Dormition of the Theotokos[1]. And so [they all] died out, that there was no one to gather rye [...] and there was famine after plague.
1420-08-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
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Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 165.
Plague and famine in many towns of Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
O мopy и гладѣ. Bъ лѣтo 6928 быcть моръ силенъ на Kocтромѣ и въ Яpocлавлѣ, въ Галичѣ, на Плесѣ, въ Pocтовѣ, пoченъ oтъ Уcпeнia Богopoдици; и тако вымроша, яко и жита бѣ жати нѣкомy […] и бысть гладъ по мopy.
About plague and famine. In the year 1420 there was a strong plague in Kostroma and Yaroslavl, in Galich, on Plesa, in Rostov, it began on the Dormition of the Theotokos[1]. And so [they all] died out, that there was no one to gather rye [...] and there was famine after plague.
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Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 91
[6929] Тое же оцени, сентября 8, поча быти болѣзнь коркотная.
That autumn, September 8 (1421), the korkota disease began.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 174
Great rainfall in south-central Sweden is succeeded by bad harvests, pestilence and drought in 1421 and 1422.
Eodem anno tanta fuit pluvie inundacio, quod in multis locis computruerunt segetes stantes in stipula; veneruntque simul pestilencia et sterilitas. Ipsa quoque pestilencia iam duraverat per annum integrum et necedum cessavit; que in multis terrarum finibus ita grassata fuerat, quod domus relinquerentur absque habitatore.
In the same year (1421), such great amounts of rain fell that the corn in many places rotted away uncut; and at the same time came pestilence and drought. This plague epidemic had now lasted a whole year and had not yet ceased; in many countries it had ravaged so violently that houses were left uninhabited.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 23, col. 648–657
Eric of Pomerania issues a monetary statute that causes the devastation of many estates and severe mortality in Sweden
konungin en pänningh stadga stichtade – herra henning koningxmark thz dichtade – Sidan then penning stadga war sath tha wordo mang gozen ödhalagt – Riket plagadis mz stora dödha ther mz lagdis gozen ödha – the fatiga bönder som ater liffwa jämstor stadga sculle the giffwa – ther forre hundrada bönder boodhe – ther finnas nw naplika tiwgu godhe
The king enacted a monetary statute – sir Henning Köningsmark dictated it – Since that money statute was set, many estates were destroyed – the kingdom was plagued with great death, therewith the estates were laid waste – the poor peasants who remained would supply equal provision – where before a hundred peasants lived, there are now hardly twenty estates
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, p. 171
A mortality breaks out in Paris in August. Poeple get headaches and heavy fever. Children and women were most at risk
Item, en ce temps, était très grande mortalité, et tous mouraient de chaleur qui au chef les prenait et puis la fièvre et mouraient sans rien ou peu empirer de leur chair, et toutes femmes et les plus jeunes gens.
In this time was a great mortality. People, mostly women and young ones, died because of headache and of fever, but their bodies were not injured.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 166.
Another wave of plague and famine, probably in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
Toe же oceни [6929] Ceнтаврiа 8 почя быти болѣзнь коркотная, и на зиму гладъ бысть.
That autumn [1421], on September 8, the plague began and there was famine in the winter.
1421-09-08-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia Sim# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1421-09-08-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia Sim# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 245.
Another wave of plague, probably in Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia
Toe же oceни [6929] ceнтавриа и поча быти болѣзнь коркотна и на зиму глад бысть.
That autumn, in September [6929], the plague began and there was famine in the winter.
1421-10-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1421-10-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Epidemics in Rus lands, Moscow, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod.
[6930] Моръ бысть, зъ голода всякую мертвечину ѣли.
The epidemic was from hunger. [People] were eating all kinds of carrion.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 176
Pestilence in Sweden and in Germany in 1421 and 1422
Item, valide grassabatur pestilencia in terra tam in Almannia quam hic in Suecia, et duraverat iam per duos annos.
Furthermore, a pestilence was ravaging the earth violently, both in Germany and here in Sweden, and it had now lasted for two years.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, p. 190
Epidemic of 'vérole' in Paris, especially among children who could die or become blind
Item, cette année fit merveilleusement chaud en juin et en juillet (...) Et pour cette grande chaleur fut si grande année d'enfants malades de la vérole qu'oncques de vie d'homme on eût vu, et tant en étaient couverts qu'on ne les connaissait; et plusiseurs grands hommes l'avaient, espécialement les Anglais, et disait-on que le roi d'Angleterre en eut sa part. Et est vrai que moult de petits enfants en furent si agrevés que les uns en mouroient, les autres en perdaient la vue corporelle
This year was terribly hot and warm in June and in July (...) Because of this heat, a lot of children were struck by the 'vérole', as never seen before. They were so covered with spots, that it was even difficult to recognize them. Several adults were ill too, especially among English people, and it was said that the king of England too. Truly, a lot of children were so ill, that some of them died and some other became blind.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 189
King Władysław moves towards Toruń, but on the Saturday after the feast of St Giles (September 1) he drops his plan to attack it, because plague is rife there.
Sabbato post Sancti Aegidii, Wladislaus Rex contra Thorun volens procedere, [...] salubri consilio reductus est. Vigebat enim pestifera apud Thorunenses lues: propter quod nemini satis plecebat locum infectum adoriri, ne contagio quoque pestis ad exercitum regium penetraret.
Plague in the Korel land and Novgorod (probably another wave of the Black Death = smallpox)
[6932] И моръ бысть в Корѣльскои землѣ. Того же лѣта моръ бысть в Новѣгородѣ железою и хракъ кровию[1]
[6932] There was a plague in the Korel Land. The same year there was aplague with swelling/blister/cerebral oedema[2] and with spitting of blood in Novgorod[3]
Famine and plague lasting two years in Novgorod the Great[1]
Въ си два лѣта [6929–6930] бысть глад и моръ великъ, и наметаша мертвых три скуделницѣ : одину въ святѣи Софѣи за олтарем, а двѣ у Рожества на полѣ[2]
During these two years [6929–6930] there were great famine and plague, and three public graves were filled with the dead, one behind the altar in St. Sophia and two by the Nativity in the field.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, c. 414
Въ си два лѣта [6929–6930] бысть глад и моръ великъ, и наметаша мертвых три скуделницѣ : одину въ святѣи Софѣи за олтарем, а двѣ у Рожества на полѣ
In Corno di Valdipesa arose a plague in this time. Buonaccorso Pitti wrote to his son to leave the city. They fled to Pescia and rented their a house for the next months.
[178] Nel detto anno essendo io a Castrocaro, e sentendo che la pistolenza cominciava al Corno di Valdipesa, scrissi a Luca mio figliuolo, ch'era là co' suoi figliuoli e colla Fioretta, che prestamente se ne partisse con tutta la sua famiglia e andassene in qualunche luogo la mortalità fosse stata e poi cessata. Ridussesi a Pescia a dì…di …e là tolse una casa con alquante masserizie e per prezzo di fiorini quatro d'oro il mese di fitto. E di poi da Castro Caro gli mandai a Pescia parte de' miei figliuoli; e di poi ch'io fu' tornato a Firenze, gli mandai lo resto de' nostri figliuoli; e di poi io e monna Francesca v'andammo e arivammo là in Pescia a dì ultimo di giugno. E perché la casa ci era piccola alla grande famiglia che noi eravamo, che 16 bocche continovo eravamo, sanza i forestieri che spesso in casa ci capitavano, tolsi una camera con uno letto a lato alla nostra abitazione per prezzo di lire tre il mese.
[178] In that same year, while I was in Castrocaro, and hearing that the plague had started at Corno di Valdipesa, I wrote to Luca, my son, who was there with his children and with Fioretta, telling him to quickly leave with his entire family and move to any place where the mortality had occurred and then subsided. He relocated to Pescia on the day... of ... and there rented a house with some furnishings for the price of four gold florins per month. Later, from Castrocaro, I sent part of my children to him in Pescia; and after I returned to Florence, I sent the rest of our children to him. Then, my wife Monna Francesca and I went there, and we arrived in Pescia on the last day of June. And since the house was too small for our large family – we were continuously 16 mouths to feed, not counting the guests who often visited – I rented a room with a bed next to our home for the price of three lire per month.
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869, p. 106.
Goro (Gregorio) Dati served as Podestà of Montale and Agliana in order to avoid the plague. His work was higly esteemed by the people.
Podestà del Montale e Agliana accettai per fuggire la mortalità, e fui da dì XII d'aprile a dì XII d'ottobre 1424. Stemonvi gran brigata, e tutti sani per la grazia di Dio; e fui il primo che tenni la stanzia al Montale, e fecivi acconciare molto bene, e aquista'vi poco avere, ma molta grazia de'paesani. Grazie n'abi Idio.
I agreed to serve as Podestà of Montale and Agliana in order to avoid the plague. My term of office was from 12 April to 12 October 1424. A great number of people accompanied me there and, by God's grace, none of us got sick. I was the first to stay in the residence at Montale (p. 137) I saw to it that it was properly furnished and arranged. I acquired little wealth there but was highly esteemed by the inhabitants. Thanks be to God.
In quelli (di) la peste fu sempre grande, et morivano de molte persone.
In these day the plague was large, and many people died.
Notae Casimirienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, pp. 242-243, 242
After the feast of All Saints (1 November) a plague raged in the whole of Poland and in other kingdoms.
Item anno domini 1424 domino regi Wladislao Iagello natus est filius Wladislaus circa festum omnium sanctorum. Et tandem viguit pestis valida in toto regno Poloniae et in allis regnis.
In the year of the Lord 1424 King Wladislaus Iagiello (Władysław III of Poland), son of Wladislaus (Władysław II of Poland), was born around the feast of All Saints. And after this, a strong plague ruled in the whole kingdom of Poland and in other kingdoms.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 93.
Epidemics in Moscow and other cities.
[6933] А съ Троицина дни почать быти моръ на Москвѣ; а пришелъ отъ Нѣмецъ въ Пьсковъ, а оттолѣ въ Новъгородъ, такоже доиде и до Москвы и на всю землю Рускую.
(1425) From the day of Pentecost(May 27)[1] there was an epidemic in Moscow. It came from the Germans to Pskov and from there to Novgorod, and so it reached Moscow and the whole Rus lands.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 221
After the feast day of the ascension of the Virgin Mary (August 15), King Władysław moves to Ruthenia in order to avoid the plague which is raging in the whole of the kingdom of Poland during summer, autum and winter and which has caused many casualties of both sexes and from all strata.
Ex Kalisch in Posnaniam et caetera Maioris Poloniae loca processit, et diem Assumptionis Sanctae Mariae in Przedborz tenuit. Abinde per Radoschicze, Chanezini, Kyelcze, Bodzanczin, Syenno, Solyecz in Lublinensem, post in Russiae terras descendit, fugiendo pestem, quae fere universum Regnum Poloniae pervaserat, et per tempus aestatis, autumni et hiemis saeviens, plures mortales utriusque sexus, variarum conditionum absumpserat.
From Kalisz he proceeded to Poznań and other places in Greater Poland and on the day of the ascension of the holy Virgin Mary he stopped in Przedbórz. From there he moved via Radoschicze, Chanezini, Kyelcze, Bodzanczin, Syenno, and Solyeczdown down to Ljubliana and after that into Ruthenia fleeing the plague which had wildly penetrated the whole kingdom of Poland and which had, through summer, autumn and winter, consumed many mortals of both sexes and of various standings.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 225
After a meeting they have attended on the feast day of St Martin (November 11) in Brześć (Poland) King Władysław and Queen Sophia move to Lithuania to where the plague had not yet spread. However, the plague breaks out there in the middle of the winter and they seek refuge in great forests.
Pestis in Polonia et Lithuania. Ex conventione Brestensi Wladislaus Rex cum consorte sua Sophia Regina in Lithuaniam divertit, et illic hiemis tempus in venationibus deduxit: nondum enim lues pestilentica in Regno Poloniae saeviens, Lithuanicam oram oervaserat, expost tamen serpendo, etiam in Lithuaniam grassata est coactusque Wladislaus Poloniae Rex et Alexander Withawdus, oppidis, castris et curiis derelictis, in silvarum et nemorum latebris hieme media commorari. Filius autem Wladislai Regis Wladislaus infans in Chanczini castrum delatus est, ubi per omne epidimiae tempus tenebatur.
Plague in Poland and Lithuania. From the meeting in Brześć, King Władysław and his consort Queen Sophia moved to Lithuania in order to spend the time of the winter there hunting. The plague that raged in kingdom of Poland had yet evaded the region of Lithuania. Yet, afterwards it spread there after all and raged also in Lithuania. Acting together with [Grand-duke] Alexander they left the towns, castles and courts and stayed in the middle of the winter in hiding places in forests and woods. But the son of King Władysław, the infant Władysław, was sent to Chęciny castle where he stayed through the whole time of the epidemic.
1425-00-00-Pskov-Novgorod-Moscow and Rusian land
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 247.
The plague in Moscow and Rusian lands, which came from the Germans (Livonian?) through Pskov and Novgorod.
A c троицина дни [6933] [1] почат моръ быти на Mocквѣ, и пришелъ от Hѣмец въ Пъсковъ, a oттолѣ в Hoвъгopoд, также поиде до Mocквы и на землю Pyccкую.
And from the days of the Trinity 1425 there began to be a plague in Moscow, and it came from the Germans to Pskov, and from there to Novgorod, and also went to Moscow and to Rusian land.
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[6933] Въ той часъ бысть моръ на людiй града его.
At that time (1425) there was an epidemic among the inhabitants of city Yaroslavl.
Plague in Pskov, Veliky Novgorod, Torzhok, Tver and other Rusian towns
B лѣтo 6934[1].Mopъ бысть великъ въ Пъсковe и в Hoвѣгopoдѣ Великoм и в Topжьку и въ Tфери, на Boлоцѣ и въ Дмитровѣ и на Mocквѣ и въ всѣx градѣx Pyccкыx и ceлex.
In the year 1425, there was a great plague in Pskov, and in Veliky Novgorod, and in Torzhok, and in Tver, and on Voloka, and in Dmitrov, and in Moscow, and in all the Rusian towns and villages.
Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004, Vol. 3 (1999), p. 150.
Great plague in Würzburg, sometimes more than 40 deaths per day, which led to unharvested fields.
Von ainem grossen sterben [...] Da man zalte nach der geburt Christi 1425 jare, ist ain erschrockenlicher grausamer sterbe in disen landen vnd sunderlich hie zu Wirtzburg gewest; von sant Kilians tag an bis vf Ostern des andern jors hat diese sucht an ain ander geweret. Die herbst zeit vber sturben hie zu Wirtzburg gewonlich ain tag virtzigk menschen, etwan darüber. Es sind auch vor grossem schrecken vnd mangel halben der leute vil obs, getraid vnd weins desselbigen jors vf dem velde vneingeheimst stehen bliben.
About a great dying [...] In the year 1425 after the birth of Christ, a terrifying and cruel plague struck these lands, especially here in Würzburg. From Saint Kilian's Day until Easter of the following year, this illness continued uninterrupted. During the autumn, it was common for around forty people to die each day in Würzburg, sometimes even more. Due to great fear and the lack of people, much of that year's fruits, grain, and wine remained unharvested in the fields.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 246
Plague in Moscow. [1]
И в тои же чac [6933] бысть моръ на люди и град егo.
And at that time (1425) there was a great plague among the people and in his [Yuryi Dmitrevich's] town].
A mortality breaks out all over the region of Constance for three years.
Anno 1426, was ain grosser sterbat in allen landen und der werot by drin jaren.
In year 1426 was a great mortality, that persisted for three years.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 168.
Bъ лѣтo 6934 мopъ быcть великъ въ Пcкoвѣ и въ Hoвѣгopoдѣ Beликoмъ, и въ Topжькy и въ Tфepи, на Boлoцѣ и въ Дмитpoвѣ, и на Mocквѣ и въ вѣcъxъ гpaдѣxъ Pyccкиxъ и ceлexъ.
In 1426 there was a great plague in Pskov, and in Novgorod Velikiy, and in Torzhok, in Tver, on Voloka, and in Dmitrov, and on Moscow, and in all Rusian towns and villages.
1426-00-00-northern Rusia Sim# QUERYd294d6ec6b9a3dc04123b002cc09136b
1426-00-00-northern Rusia Sim# QUERYae2da88265a116cb35b2bb9ebbad3c93
1426-00-00-northern Rusia Sim# QUERYd78d1c1017e753f5c4d5dae64a8cfc94
Epidemics in Pskov, Velikiy Novgorod, Torzhok, Tver, Voloka, Dmitrov, Moscow and Rus lands.
О мору. Въ лѣто 6934. Моръ бысть великъ въ Псковѣ, и въ Новѣгородѣ Великомъ, и въ Торжку, и въ Твери, и на Волозѣ, и въ Дмитровѣ, и на Москвѣ; и въ всѣхъ градѣхъ Рускыхъ и въ селехъ.
About the epidemic. The year 1426. There were a great epidemics in Pskov, Velikiy Novogrod, Torzhok, Tver, Voloka, Dmitriyev, Moscow and in all the cities and villages of Rus.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 94.
Въ лѣто 6935. Моръ бысть великъ въ градѣхъ Рускыхъ.
In the year 1427 were a great epidemics in all the cities of Rus.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 169.
A great plague in [northern?] Rusian towns
Bъ лѣтo 6935 мopъ жe быcть великъ въ гpaдѣxъ Pyccкиxъ.
In 1427 there was a great plague in all Rusian towns.
Bъ лѣтo 6935 мopъ жe быcть великъ въ гpaдѣxъ Pyccкиxъ. Тогдa пpecтавися князь Bacилеи Boлодимиpoвичь, и положенъ въ Apxaaггелѣ на Mocквѣ.
In 1427 there was a great plague in all Rusian towns. Then Prince Vasyl Vladimirovich died and was buried in Archangel in Moscow.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, pp. 239-240
A disease (named: ''dando'') breaks out in Paris in September and October. Many people get it. First, they get strong kidneyache and shoulderache, then they chill. After that they loose appetite and cannot sleep for 8 to 15 days, and they continually cough.
Item, en ce temps, environ quinze jour devant la saint Rémi (1 Oct), chut un mauvais air corrompu, dont une très mauvaise maladie advint qu'on appelait dando, et n'était nul ni nulle qui aucunement ne s'en sentît dedans le temps qu'elle dura. Et la manière comment elle prenait: elle commençait ès reins et ès épaules, et n'était nul quand elle prenait qui ne cuidât avoir la gravelle, tant faisoit cruelle douleur, et après ce à tous venaient les assées ou forts frissons, et était-on bien huit ou dix ou quinze jours qu'on ne pouvait ni boire, ni manger, ni dormir, les uns plus, les autres moins, après ce venait une toux si très mauvaise à chacun que quand on était au sermon, on ne pouvait entendre ce que le sermonneur disait, pour la grande noise des tousseurs
In this time, somewhat 15 days before Rémi's Day, a corrupted air felt upon the city and brought a bad disease called dando. Almost everybody get it. The symptoms were as follows. It began first with a kidneyache and shoulderache, so strong that everybody thought to have been affected by the gravelle. The pain was cruel, and then victims chilled strongly. It was impossible for them to eat, to drink and to sleep for about 8, or 10 and sometimes 15 days, depending on persons. After that stage, a strong cough developed, so loud that it even covered the priest voice at the sermon during the mass.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, pp. 378-379
A mortality strikes Magdeburg for 9 months, mainly lower social stratas are affected. There is a considerable number of apparent deaths among the victims of this disease.
In dem sulven jare was hir grot pestilence. De enstunt ersten in der vasten und warde wente to winachten, und storven doch nich tvele namhaftiger lude, doch worden grote burkulen to sunte Johannes gegraven, und mang den doden in den burkulen stonden ein deils wedder up des anderen und des dridden dages wol bi 30 edder 40 minschen .
In the same year (1428) there was a great epidemic here. It first began during Lent and lasted until Christmas. Few notable people died, but large mass graves (literally: peasants' mounds) were dug near St Johannes. Some of the dead in these mass graves rose again the next or third day, totalling between 30 and 40 people.
Limburger Chronik 1883, Limburger Annalen, p. 114
Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo octavo fuit magna pestilencia in Limpurg a festo penthecostes usque ad nativitatem Cristi.
In the year of our Lord 1428, there was a great pestilence in Limburg from Pentecost until the Nativity of Christ.
1428-05-23-Limburg# QUERYdf63ea120d1fbfec022a11cda907b6a2
RG Online, RG IV 04552, URL: [http://rg-online.dhi-roma.it/RG/4/4552 Repertorium Germanicum Online]
A Lubeck priest dies from plague and his prebend is free
Henricus Gustrow scolaris capelle Bonifatii IX et Innocentii VII: de conf. vicar. ad alt. omn. SS. in par. eccl. b. Marie Lubic. quam resignaverat Mardocheo Sartoris qui pestilentia preventus in Urbe defunctus est
Henricus Gustrow, scholar of the chapel of Boniface IX and Innocent VII, concerning the confirmation of the vicarage at the altar of All Saints in the parish church of St. Mary in Lübeck. This vicarage had been resigned by Mardocheo Sartoris, who, being prevented by the pestilence, passed away in the city.
Adì 7 de setembre se partì Monsignore per sospetto de la peste, et andò a stanziare ad Asese; partirò , e tornaro a casa loro per amor de la peste che era in Peroscia ; et molli citadini andaro ad abitare in contado, pure per paura de la peste. Et adi 21 del ditto retornò Monsignore a Peroscia e el Podestà..
On the 7th of September, His Lordship departed out of fear of the plague and went to stay in Assisi; he left, and they returned to their homes due to the plague that was in Perugia; and many citizens went to live in the countryside, also out of fear of the plague. And on the 21st of the said month, His Lordship and the Podestà returned to Perugia.
Iohanis Dlugossii Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, ed. Gaweda, vol. 11, 1, Warszawa 1985, p. 335
Although the plague is everywhere in the kingdom of Poland, many prelates and barons meet in Bardo on the feast of St Nicolas (December 6).
Et licet hieme illa pestis epidimiae fere universum Regnum Poloniae occupasset, ibant tamen per media funera in ipsam conventionem frequensque numerus Praelatorum et baronum in Wartham convenit in die sancti Nicolai.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, p. 320
Mortality in Paris, especially among young people and children
Item, en celui temps, était très grande mortalité sur jeunes gens et sur petits enfants, et tout d'épidémie
In this time was a great mortality among young people and children, by a disease.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, p. 326
A mortality of plague affects children in Paris in August
Et si fit moult bel août, mais très grande mortalité était en celui temps, espécialement sur petits enfants, de bosse ou de vérole plate
The weather was benevolent in August, but the mortality due to 'bosse' or 'vérole plate' was important in that time, especially among children.
Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, pp. 186-187.
Around September was in the region of Constance and Überlingen a long-lasting great plague but only with few deaths.
Anno 1435 umb nativitatis Marie [8.9.] drig oder vier wochen vor und nach, do gieng gar ain großer siechtag umb ze Costentz und ze Überlingen und och an deren stetten, an dem unzaglich vil lüt lagent, und wist doch nieman, was siechtagen es was. (p. 187) Wol was er ainem trukenen ritten gelich und starben gar wenig lüt daran, wol warent die lüt in großer krankhait 4 wochen und 6 und 8.
In 1435, on the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary [8 September], three or four weeks before and after, a great plague raged around Constance and Überlingen and other towns. Countless people died and yet nobody knows what kind of plague it was. It was like a dry fever and only a few people died from it, however, people suffered greatly for 4 or 6 or 8 weeks.
As plague hits the university of Vienna, lectures are suspended for several months. The peak of the outbreak claims the lives of 70 university members in August. One lecturer, Johannes Gössel, flees the city and reports the outbreak in a colophon to a commentary on the Sentences by Petrus Lombardus.
Explicit scribendo pariter et legendo in profesto sancti Nicolai scriptum huiusmodi et lectum in 3° libro Sententiarum anno Domini M°CCCC36, cuius libri prefati inchoavi leccionem feria secunda immediate post octavas. [p. 376] Pasce Anno 36. Attamen invalescente pestilentia anno predicto, videlicet 36, adeo quod de certo die una sepeliebantur 70 funera ante Assumptionis Beate Virginis, me tunc Wyenne constituo, pluribusque notabilibus suppositis universitatis pro tunc et paulo ante defunctis, videlicet professore Sacre pagine Magistro Petro Pirchenbart in collegio Ducis seniore regente ac lectore in theologia ; preterea Magistro Chünrado Herinbst similiter doctore, licet novo et non unius anni, in theologia, ordinis Predicatorum, sepulto in domo Predicatorum Wyenne. Ceterum Magister Urbanus de Mellico ecclesie sancti Stephani canonicus et in theologia doctore, peste violentante vita fungi desiit. Aliis omissis tam magistris, baccalariis quam scolaribus, viris moralissimis ac virtuosissimis, quorum felices cineres requiescant in summo. Postremo preceptis nature obtemperans debitumque eius persolvens Magister Johannes Strädlare de Langhüta baccalareus formatus in theologia ac collegiatus in Collegio Ducis epidimia tactus expiravit in loco prescripto, puta collegio. Duobus etiam scolaribus magistrorum ibidem paucis intervenientibus diebus [illegibile] ex post turbulentum mare presentis seculi exierunt. Quibus attentis universitas solemniter congregata indoctis et magistris conclusit ut decetero, videlicet a tempore paulo ante Assumptionis Marie, omnes actus scolastici, orationes pariter et consistoria universitatis penitus non fierent usque ad festum Cholomanni, aut si expediret et videretur per amplius huiusmodi actus suspenderentur. Quo concluso et habita plena universitatis vacatione, recessi post responsionem meam in aula statim ad partes nativas, die videlicet dominica immediate ante Assumptionis absentando me tredecem integris septimanis et die una. Postremo Wyennam redii feria tertia post Elizabeth inveniens tantum quatuor collegiatos presentes adhuc, cum quibus ego quintus. Toto enim tempore a suspensione lectionum et post recessum meum dumtaxat unus magistrorum collegio preerat, omnibus aliis absentibus, usque ad Cholomanni. In festo autem Katherine congregabatur universitas in suppositis ac doctoribus ac magistris, et pro tunc eligebantur primo omnes universitatis officiales et eadem die [illegibile] assignabantur lectiones in omnibus facultatibus.
A plague occured in the city of Saeftinghe, in the Low Countries.
Pestilentia multos absorbuit hoc anno; nam genitoribus meis, patre videlicet et matre simul hoc morbo sublatis, me reliquerunt apud Saeftinghe vagientem in cunabilis parique morbo tabescentem, sed hinc Dominus assumpsit me.
Lot of people died of a pestilence this year. My parents actually died sumultaneously, leaving me alone prone to death on my craddle. But God appeared to me.
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, pp. 193-194.
A disease in Constance with a short period of illness.
Des jars, als man zalt von der geburt Christi 1437 jar, umb die liechtmeß und darnach bis zu ußgeender osterwochen [21 May] was ain loff ainer krankhait ze Costentz ufferstanden, das vil lüt sturbent, gaistlich und weltlich, und lagent nur by dry oder vier tagen, und etlich gar bernd in ainem tag und clagtent sich umb die brust und (p. 194) in der rechten syten. Etlich maintent, es wärent inwendig geswär, etlich maintent, es wärent würm, und fieng menglich an do knobloch ze essend und hört bald uff.
In the year 1437, around Candlemas (2 February) and afterwards until the end of Easter (21 May), a disease broke out in Constance that many people died, both clergy and laity. They were only ill for three or four days, some even died after just one day. They complained of pain in the chest and on the right side. Many meant it was an internal abscess, many others meant it were worms. Many then started eating garlic, but soon stopped.
Template:Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004, Vol. 3 (1999), pp. 320-321.
Price increase and a plague in Würzburg
Von grosser theürüng vnd sterben In dem obgemelten 1437. jare galte ein malter korns vmb sant Peters tag stuelfeier sechs pfund, vmb Mitfasten siben, vmb Ostern sechtzehen, sibentzehen vnd achtzehen pfunde. Vnd an dem Freitag den zehen des Maien erforen die weinstocke allenthalben an bergen vnd in thalen. Dannoch, dweil das getraid so theür war, fande man zimlich guten wein, das füder vmb neun vnd zehen gülden zu kaüffen. Vnd fiele im brachmond ein heftiger sterbe an, der weret in das ander jore. Vff sant Marie Magdalene tag starben in der pfar zum dom hie zu Wirtzburg bei [p. 321] dreissig menschen, vnd schluge das korn ser wider ab, also das man vmb vnd nach sant Martins tag ain malter umb funf pfund kauft, vnd sein dis mals zu Wirtzburg bey vier thaüsent menschen gestorben.
On great famine and death In the aforementioned year 1437, a malter of grain was priced at six pounds around Saint Peter's Day [February 22], seven pounds around Lent [March 10], nine pounds around Easter [March 31], thirteen pounds during the Cross Week [May 5-8], and sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen pounds by Pentecost [May 19]. On Friday, the tenth of May, all the vines died everywhere in the hills and in the valleys. Nevertheless, because grain was so expensive, one found quite good wine available for purchase, costing around nine to ten guilders. A severe plague broke out in June, which continued into the following year. On Saint Mary Magdalene's Day [July 22], thirty people died in the parish of the cathedral here in Würzburg, and the grain was severely damaged, so that around and after Saint Martin's Day [November 11], one could buy a malter for about five pounds and around four thousand people having died in Würzburg this time.
Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, p. 174.
When the gypsies came to a place, a price increase came shortly after them. In addition, the people fell in the poverty, suffered hunger and a mortality occured.
Und wo sy [Zigeuner] gezogen warent, do kam in nach in dem 1438 jar ain sollich große türy, der nie kain mensch gedacht hett, wan es kam, das man ain viertel kernen gab umb 4 Pfd. heller und des gelichen alle ding, und kament die lüt in groß armut von hunger. Und darnach kam ain großer sterbet, der darnach an dem adern blatt stat.
And wherever they [gypsies] went, there came after them in 1438 such a great price increase that nobody would have thought. When it came, you had to give 4 pounds Heller for a quarter of grain. It was the same with other things. People fell into great poverty and suffered hunger. This was followed by a great dying, which will be described on another page.
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, pp. 206-207.
Great mortality in Constance and in Basel. In Basel the people tried to appease God with a procession to Einsiedeln and Todtmoos. In the same year was the autumn really warm and mice made great damage to the fields. The Council of Constance passed several laws to curb bad social behaviour.
Des jaurs, als man zalt von der geburt Christi 1438 jar, do was ain sölicher sterbet das selb jar ainher, das man rechnot, das mer dan viertusent menschen zu Costentz gestorben warent. Es kam dazu, das man zu Crützlingen fünf oder sechs menschen in ain grub lait, desglichen och ze sant Stefan und das man an den enden und im spital gruben machet, in die vil lüt gelait wurdent. Und gieng die sterbet durch die land und alsbald der tod uffgehört, do wyst niemant umb kain tod, dan jederman num umb den sin. In dem vorgemelten jaur umb pfingsten vieng man an ze Costentz zu sterben und starb nach der uffart Ulrich Stainstrauß, darnach in acht tagen sin wyb, darnach erstach sich selb Peter Stainstrauß des selben bruder, in Diebolt Gumposts hus obnan mit ainem schwertlin und messer vor laid. In dem vorgeschriben jaure starb man gar vast in allen landen und kam gen Basel vor pfingsten. Also was der sterbet ze Basel so groß, das dero von Basel wol uff tusent personen sich uffhubent und giengent mit zwölf priestern gen Ainsidlen zu unser lieben froen. Die priester viengent an zu Basel in der statt ze singend und sungend bis zu unser lieben froen. Do sungent sy ain mettin und ain löblich meß von unser lieben froen und bichtotent und giengent zu dem hailigen sacrament mit ernst und andacht und zugent do wider haim. Sy ruftent unser lieben froen an, das sy gott bäte, das er sinen zorn gegen inen abließe, also ungestümenlich täten sy mit sterben. Derglichen giengent och wol fünfhundert personen von Basel in das Todmos in den Swartzwald zu unser lieben froen, als die vordrigen gen Ainsideln. In menger gegni do sturbent di lüt uß über das halb tail oder mer und an mengen enden zu ainlitzigen, zwain oder dryen höfen ganz uß, das die öd stundent one inwoner und was ain recht landsterbend und pestilenz. Und was der herbst als warm als der Ogst. In dem jar (p. 207) ward och der best win am Ottenberg, der in allen landen war und gab man ain fuder umb nün und umb acht pfund pf. Des jars wuchsent gar vil veldmüs und tätent großen schaden an dem korn und samen uff dem veld. In demselben jar saßtent die rät ze Costentz und verbutent den blatz und das spilen an 5 pfund ₰ und verbutent das lang häß und das kain man kainer froen in dem münster reden solt an 1 pfund ₰ ; och das kain man dehain kindbettern gesenhen solt und das och niemant sweren solt und vil solicher sachen. Item sy satzent och, als vormals ain ratsknecht in der rautstuben was, der uß und inließ, dann ethin enkainer mer sölt darinne sin und söltent die ratsherren ye ainer ain wochen in- und ußlon. Und das was ain gut gesatz.
In the year 1438 after the birth of Christ, there was such a mortality that year that it was estimated more than four thousand people died in Constance. It came to the point that in Kreuzlingen, five or six people were buried in a single grave, the same at St. Stephen’s, and that graves were dug at the town’s outskirts and in the hospital where many people were laid to rest. The mortality spread through the lands, and once it stopped, no one noticed any more deaths—everyone was just focused on their own. In the mentioned year around Whitsun, people began to die in Constance. After the Ascension of Ulrich Stainstrauß, his wife died eight days later, and then his brother Peter Stainstrauß killed himself in Diebolt Gumpost’s house with a small sword and knife out of grief. That same year, there was heavy mortality across all lands, and it reached Basel before Whitsun. The death toll was so high in Basel that around a thousand people from the city set out with twelve priests to Einsiedeln to Our Lady. The priests began singing in the city of Basel and sang all the way to Our Lady. There they sang Matins and a solemn Mass for Our Lady, confessed, and approached the Holy Sacrament with seriousness and devotion before returning home. They called upon Our Lady to ask God to ease His wrath, as the deaths were overwhelming. Similarly, about five hundred people from Basel went to Todtmoos in the Black Forest to the shrine of Our Lady, just like those who went to Einsiedeln. In many regions, more than half of the population or more died, and in some areas, entire farms with one or two families were completely wiped out, leaving them deserted without any inhabitants. It was truly a widespread death and pestilence. The autumn was as warm as August. In that year, the best wine came from Ottenberg, considered the finest wine in all lands, and a barrel sold for nine or eight pounds. In that year, many field mice grew and caused significant damage to crops and seeds in the fields. That same year, the council in Constance issued a ban on games and gatherings with a fine of five pounds, forbidding long coats and prohibiting men from speaking to women in the cathedral with a fine of one pound. They have also forbidden men to be present at births and no one is allowed to swear, among many other things. Moreover, they decided that as before, only one town servant was to be in the council chamber to let people in and out, and no one else was allowed inside. The councilors had to take turns each week handling the in- and outgoing matters, which was a good policy.
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Notae monachi Sanctae Crucis, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol III., pp. 412-414, 413
In the year 1438 there was inflation and plague in Poland.
Anno domini 1438 fuit maxima caristia in regno videlicet Polonie [...] et statim post hoc pestis magna.
In the year of the Lord 1438 there was a great inflation in the kingdom of Poland [...] and immediately after this a great plague.
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, p. 203.
Great mortality around the Rhine, in Cologne, Freiburg, Nuremberg, Augsburg and Lake Constance. In addition, only little wine, due to the weather.
Item uff das selb jar [1438] vorgenant starb man allenthalb in den landen und gar vast am Rin, ze Cöln, ze Auch bis gen Fryburg und ze Nürenberg und ze Ogsburg, ze Ulm und allenthalben on an dem Bodensee. Es kam des jars och ain gar großer schutz an den reben und kam darnach regen und viel der win vast ab, das lützel win ward.
In the same year 1438 many died on the Rhine, in Cologne, and also in Freiburg, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Ulm and on Lake Constance. In that year there was frost on the vines and afterwards much rain and the wine fell off, so there was little wine.
Annales Wratislawienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol III., pp. 680-688, 686
In the year 1438 there was a general plague in Silesia.
Anno domini 1438 [...] fuit generalis pestis per Silesiam.
In the year of the Lord 1438 [...], there was a general plague in Sileasia.
The hospital master was deposed and imprisoned because he had embezzled many things. Many people died in the hospital during this time.
Item anno 1438 in dem rebmonet do ward der spittalmaister gefangen, umb das er hatt kernen, flaisch, haber, gelt und anders hatt uff geben, das die rechnung brächt ob 300 guldin, das er ettlichen den rätten hatt geben, und namlich Ulrichen Schiltern und Graffschnidern. und ward och offenbär, das er der pfründnerin aine, des alten stattschribers wib, beschlassen hatt. Also ward er ab gesetzt und ward dess selben jares Cunrad Blarer gesetzt, der da maister uff der brugg was. Es sturbent dess selben jares und des andern jares gar vil lüt in dem spittal, dass es ir ettlich mäss än zal was, wo man wolt in nicht allen lüten.
In 1438, in the month of February, the hospital master was imprisoned because he had embezzled grain, meat, oats, money and other things. The accounts revealed that he had given over 300 guilders to some of the councillors, in particular Ulrichen Schiltern and Graffschnider. It also came to light that he had given money to the prebendary, the wife of the old town scribe. As a result, he was deposed and in the same year Cunrad Blarer, who was master of the hospital in Brugg, was appointed in his place. Many people died in the hospital that year and the following year, so many that it was almost impossible to ring the bells for them all.
A procession is organized in the city against the dearth and the mortality. People get fever.
Après, en mois de junne le XVIIIe jour, fut fait à Saint-Lambert une especiale messe et procession par le clergie et par les lais generalement, bien devotement, por trois cause: la premier por le chir temps de bleis generalement [...]. La seconde fut por le mortaliteit, car plusieurs moroient par fivres contagieux, etc. Et la tirche cause por la division d'entre le pape, le concile de Ferare, d'unne part, et d'auttre de conciel de Baselle.
On June 18, a procession was celebrated in Saint-Lambert with all the clergy and laymen, very devoutly. We did it for three reasons. The first, because of the high prices [...] The second, because of the mortality. Indeed, several people died of fever, etc. And the third, because of the divisions of the papacy and between the councils of Ferrara and of Basel.
A cleric's handmaid commit suicide, because she was infected by the disease that spread in the city since Easter. Other people did the same.
Et le XVIIe jour d'awost, à XI heure par nuit, le danhelle mesire Henri Staden, canonne de Saint-Pire, vestis de Saint-Severin, soy kopat la gorge piteusement ; elle estoit en la chaude fivre del chaude maladie qui régnoit généralement par tous paiis. Et commencha ladite maladie à regnier entour Paske, et soy achirent pluseurs por la grande resdeur de ladite maladie en celle année.
On August 17, at 11 h. in the night, the handmaid of Henri Staden, canon of St-Pierre, painfully cut her throat. She was affected by the fever given by the disease that raged in the city since Easter. Many other did the same thing because of the severity of this disease.
A procession is organized in the city against the mortality affecting the country.
Et en ce mois de septembre devantdit, le XXIIe jour, fut faite à Saint-Lambert une espéciale messe par tout le clergrie de la citeit generalement, et fut après messe fait une belle procession [...]. Et le cause d'ycelle fut premier pour l'entredeux de pape et de conciel de Ferrare allencontre de conciel de Baselle [...] ; item que Dieu vosist cesseir la mortaliteit par sa grace qui estoit general par tous paiis, etc ; item qu'il lui plaist le chier temps, par especial de bleis, remedier, et des biens qui estoient enssi comme tous perdus et ont aparant che qui est de pau de valeur ; item por le semhon vosist Dieu envoier pluye, etc.
During the aformentioned month of September, the 22nd, a special mass has been celebrated in the church of St-Lambert with all the clerics of the city. And after this mass, a procession took place [...] The first reason for this procession was the conflict between the two popes and between the two council assemblies of Ferrare and of Basel [...] ; item, for asking God to cease by His holly grace the mortality that raged everywhere, etc. ; item, to ask Him for the ending of the dearth, especially concerning wheat, and all goods that were lost ; item to ask Him to send good rain for sowing time.
RG Online, RG V 00478, URL: [http://rg-online.dhi-roma.it/RG/5/478 Repertorium Germanicum Online]
A number of German priests flees the Roman curia because of a ravaging plague
Arnoldus Cuper Arnoldus (Arnaldus) Cuper (Cupere) (de Embrica) et Nicolaus Vighe cler. Colon. dioc., Johannes Dorenborch al. Muleken cler. Monast. dioc., Ruthgerus Kock cler. Colon. dioc., Borchardus Truytelaet cler. Hildesem. dioc., Engelbertus de Marcka cler. Leod. dioc., Mathias Veyt cler. Eistet. dioc., Albertus Gertener cler. Magunt. dioc., Petrus Doenen cler. Magunt. dioc., Adrianus Martini de Breda cler. Leod. dioc., famm. D[ominici de Capranica] s. Marie in via lata diac. card., qui propter pestem a R. cur. ultra term. se absentaverunt
Arnoldus Cuper (de Embrica), and Nicolaus Vighe, clerics of the Diocese of Cologne; Johannes Dorenborch, also known as Muleken, cleric of the Diocese of Münster; Ruthgerus Kock, cleric of the Diocese of Cologne; Borchardus Truytelaet, cleric of the Diocese of Hildesheim; Engelbertus de Marcka, cleric of the Diocese of Liège; Mathias Veyt, cleric of the Diocese of Eichstätt; Albertus Gertener, cleric of the Diocese of Mainz; Petrus Doenen, cleric of the Diocese of Mainz; Adrianus Martini de Breda, cleric of the Diocese of Liège; familiares of Domenico de Capranica, cardinal of S. Maria in Via Lata, have been absent beyond the established term from the Roman Curia due to the plague.
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990, pp. 382-383
Mortality by plague (boce) in Paris during summer and autumn. 45 000 persons died in the city
Item, la mortalité fut si grande, espécialement à Paris, car il mourut bien à l'Hôtel-Dieu en cette année cinq mille personnes, et parmi la cité plus de quarante-cinq mille, tant homme, que femme et enfants; car quand la mort se boutait en une maison, elle en emportait la plus grande partie des gens, et espécialement des plus forts et des plus jeunes
The mortality was so great in Paris, that at least 5000 persons died at the Hôtel-Dieu. In the city, 45 000 persons died, either men, women and children. When the disease spread in a house, almost every inhabitants died, especially the strongest and the youngest.
Johannes de Porta, a cistercian monk from the monastery of Alcobaca near Lisbon describes how he practiced euthanasia on a plague-infected brother
cum [...] quidam monachus dicti monasterii et ipsius exponentis specialis amicus cum maximus febribus et duobus signis pestilencialibus perplexus fuisset ita, quod in agone mortis laborasset et iam loquelam amisisset, prefatus exponens [...] visitando eundem fratrem vidensque ipsum in tantis horribilibus penis et passionibus afflictum pietate motus [...] dixit: 'Ego promitto tibi, frater mi, si [...] essemus ambo in una domo ubi nullus videret me, ego ponerem manum meam super os tuum et abbreviarem tibi illas graves penas'. Audiens hoc [...] infirmarius ipsius monasterii statim respondit dicens: 'Sic vos voltis [sic] uto cito decedat, subtrahamus sibi capitale capitis sui et ponamus capud super terram.' Quo facto idem infirmus expiravit.
When a certain monk of the said monastery, a close friend of the expositor himself, had been afflicted with severe fevers and two signs of the plague, so much so that he was struggling in the agony of death and had already lost the power of speech, the aforementioned expositor, upon visiting the same brother and seeing him afflicted with such horrible pains and sufferings, moved by pity, said: 'I promise you, my brother, if we were both in a place where no one could see me, I would lay my hand upon your mouth and alleviate those heavy pains for you.' Hearing this, the infirmarian of the monastery immediately responded, saying: 'If you wish it so eagerly, let him depart quickly, let us put away the pillow and place his head upon the ground.' With this done, the same infirm person expired.
1439-00-00-Alcobaca# QUERYeccf0cf3769b0cd6bdc4bfca1d8740a4
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle, pp. 251-252
A plague causes great mortality in Basel during a famine. The death toll is estimated to 8000 dead people, both adults and children.
Anno Domini 1439 fuit magna karistia in Basilea, et etiam cum hoc fuit magna pestilencia et in orribilibus obierunt in numero plus qum octo milia hominum cum pueris; et presertim in ecclesia majori inter canonicos dominus Kaspar thesaurius, dominus prepositus Turicensis, dominus Michahel de Reno prepositus in Sancto Ursicino, et bene viginti cappelanos.
The year 1439 occured a great dearth in Basel. A pestilence broke out simultaneously and more than 8000 persons, adults and children, died dramatically. Among the canons of the cathedral died the treasurer master Kaspar, the prior master Turicensis, master Michael de Reno, prior of Sanctus Ursinus and 20 other canons.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 224
Pestilence in Sweden in 1439 and in the Christian world
Item, pestilencia ingrassabatur per totam Sueciam et diversa loca Christianitas.
Furthermore, the plague ravaged all of Sweden and various places in the Christian world.
Outbreak of plague all over Swabia and, probably, also in the monastery of Zwiefalten
1439. Regnavit pestilencia valdissima per totam Alemanniam, ita quod extimacione multorum tertia pars hominum videbatur obiisse
In 1439, a very severe pestilence reigned throughout all of Alemannia, such that by the estimation of many, one-third of the population seemed to have perished.
1439-00-00-Zwiefalten# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 53
A horrible plague raged in Silesia starting around the feast day of St John the baptist (June 24) and lasting for two months.
Pestis horrenda. Eodem anno circa festum sancti Johannis baptiste exorta fuit valida et horrenda pestilentia in Silesia et aliis regionibus, que duravit ad duos menses.
Horrible plague. In the same year (1439) around the feast of St John the baptist arose a strong and horrible plague in Silesia and other regions which lastest for two months.
Great plague in the country and famine.
En cely temps avoit générale pestilenche par tout paiis, et nonobstant que les biens estoient beaux aux champs, si estoient encors les bleis et frumens bien chiers.
In this time was a pestilence everywhere in the country. And althought the crops were abundant in the fields, wheat and cereal prices were still high.
A procession is organized in Constance against the plague.
Anno 1439 gutemtag vor Sant Margrethen tag (8 July) do tett die statt von Costenz ainen cruzgang für die pestilencii mit aller priesterschafft.
In year 1439, on the monday before Margaret Day, a procession has been celebrated in Constance because of the pestilence, with all clerics of the city.
A new altar is dedicated in the church of St-Severin, because of the mortality.
Et le IXe jour d'awoist fut consecreit à Saint-Severin un noveale aytre, por la grande mortaliteit, et portat-ons le Sacrement altours.
August 9, has been dedicated a new altar in St-Severin with the Sacrament carried around, for the mortality.
A procession is organized in the city against the mortality.
Et le XVIIIe jour d'awoist, ly vynale d'isle entirement, engliezes et abbies, fisent procession entour le vinale, et chant-ons messe speciale à Saint-Poul, et fut fait I sermon depriant Dieu de cesseir la grant mortaliteit.
And on the eighteenth day of August, all the island's inhabitants, young and old, made a procession around the church, and sang a special mass in Saint-Paul, and a sermon was given deprying God to cease the great mortality.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 223, col. 6514-15
Nils Stensson, member of the Council of Sweden ''(riksråd)'' dies of the plague, and not because the imperial regent Karl Knutsson, the later King Karl VIII, had him imprisoned
til norköpung fördis niels tha, ther döde han aff pestilencia
to Norrköping was Nils then led, where he died of the plague
1439-11-00-Norrköping# QUERYb6f3f65cd1151a5f02ee6d06f5e4ca1c
Notae Leknenses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, p. 255
A plague pained the town of Łekno from the feast day of St Martin (November 11) to after christmas.
Item sub anno 1439 pestis urgebat in Lekna sicut ante festum sancti Martini usque post festum Nativitatis Domini. In qua peste terminum vite sue finiverunt: honorabilis dominus Michael plebanus medie partis in Lekna cum sororio suo Mathia de Poszlugowo rectore schole.
Under the year 1439 a plague arose in Lekno shortly before the feast day of St Martin (November 11) until after the feast of the birth of the Lord (December 25). In this plague finshed their lives: the honourable Michael, priest in the middle part of Lekno together with his brother Matthias of Poszlugowo, the headmastesr of the school.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 230–31, col. 6720–6729
The imperial regent Karl Knutsson consults a maiden about his chances of being elected king. She replies that he should become king, and if not, three plagues would come upon Sweden: the first two are war and famine, and the third is pestilence. According to Karlskrönikan, the three biblical plagues hit Sweden in the same year when not Karl, but but Christopher of Bavaria was elected king
Jumfrun swarade ather swa tre plagar skal riket ther förre faa – stort örlog finna i alla endha oc minsta thera gotz ä hwart the wenda – aff hungar skola the lida nödh sa at mange haffua hwaske öll eller brödh – oc otalige warda saa osell at aff hungar skola the swelta i heel – the tridia pestilentia skal offuergaa at mange garda öda staa
The virgin answered so again therefore shall the kingdom receive three plagues – great wars shall be found at all ends, and the least of these shall be everywhere – from hunger they will suffer misery so that many will have neither beer nor bread - and countless will be so miserable that from hunger they will starve to death - the third, pestilence, will pass by, leaving many farms desolate.
Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 424
Horse sickness in Novgorod and the Novgorod estates
И в то же время [6952], по грѣхомъ нашимъ, начаша кони мрети в городѣ и по волостемъ велми много; новгородци же въспятишася и не поидоша за Нарову. А в то время псковици прислаша в Новъгород свои послы о миру, и узрѣша, оже в Новѣгородѣ кони много падуть, а новгородци не идоша за Нарову, и отъѣхаша безъ миру.
But for our sins at that very time the horses began to die in great numbers in the town and in the districts, so the men of Novgorod returned and did not go beyond the Narova.At that time the men of Pskov sent envoys to Novgorod about peace, and saw that horses were dying in Novgorod in great numbers, and that the men of Novgorod had not gone beyond the Narova, and left without coming to terms of peace.
Outbreak of plague in a monastery in Perugia
A quisti dì , de ottobre, comenzó la morya qui in Peroscia, cioè comenzó prima in San Pietro , però che li monaci receptaro uno monaco amalato de peste , lo quale veniva de terre de suspetto de morya; ma esso campò. Et partisse lo Abbate con alcuni monaci ; et de quelli che remaseno ne moriero parochie. Per questa cagione lo' fu fatto comandamento per parte de Monsignore, che essi non usassero più per la cita de Peroscia , et che loro stessino con le porte serra.
In these days of October, the plague began here in Perugia, that is, it first began in San Pietro because the monks received a monk who was sick with the plague, coming from areas suspected of the plague; but he survived. The Abbot left with some monks, and of those who remained, many died. For this reason, a command was issued by His Lordship that they should no longer go through the city of Perugia and that they should stay with the doors closed.
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913, p. 82-83.
The plague raged in Florence. Many people fled to other cities. The plague spread to Rome. The passages talks also about the social responses, for instance that people avoided the contact to the infected, even if they were their relatives.
Interea anno Domini MCCCCXLVIII, pestis invadere cepit Florentiam et per biennium civitatem infectem tenuit, que tamen quasi erat evacuata, non solum maioribus et divitibus, sed et plebeis et pauperibus ex urbe egredientibus et per villas et castra refugientibus. Diutina quidem fuit, sed lenta et paucos de medio subtraxit, sicque morbus ille contagiosus a MCCCC anno, quo grassatus est ita ut prope tertiam partem viventium absumeret, usque ad MCCCCLVII, in quo sumus peste a Domino visitati iam per menses quatuor, septies Florentiam occupaverit, videlicet anno MCCCCXI, anno supra Millesimum CCCCXXXVIII demum, ut dictum est, anno MCCCCXLVIII et VIIII civitas Florentina ea contagione infecta est: que cum postea urbem romanam attigisset, in qua presulabatur Nicolaus V cum curia sua, [p. 83] Fabrianum se contulit. Ubi tunc facta inquisitione et processu contra quosdam hereticos, infectos lepra erroris Fraticellorum, qui ibi diu habuerant magnum receptaculum et favorem, obstinati in sua perfidia igni traditi sunt, miracula consueta ostendentes pulveris et cineris. In anno autem isto LVII supra CCCC, pauci adhuc de hac luce subtracti sunt, necdum cessavit; quid autem in futurum erit, novit Deus. Nunquam autem apparet tantum exterruisse homines talis contagio morbi ut nunc, ita quod parentes filiorum et filii parentum obliviscantur infectorum et cum difficultate reperiantur qui necessaria eis administrent tam corpori quam anime, vel procurent ut sacramenta et ecclesiasticam sepulturam habeant. Quamvis autem nulla sit lege prohibitum ad loca divertere ab infectione libera, ex quo morbus est valde contagiosus (ut quotidiana docet experientia), ac eciam conversationem domesticam et locutionem cum infectis et venientibus a locis infectis [effugere] nisi cura animarum eis immineat, quos de necessitate salutis sue oportet per se vel alium idoneum sacramenta ministrare quantumcunque infectis, tantum tamen abhorrere infectos ut necessaria subtrahantur est contra omnem caritatem, humanitatem et xpistianam pietatem. Itaque etsi humane prudentia est et de ratione medicine vitare infectos, tamen contra dilectionem et xpistianam pietatem est subtrahere infectis necessiara seu non ministrare anime et corpori et ita abhorrere eis ministrantes sacramenta et corpori necessaria ut habeantur tanquam ethnici et publicani nec audiantur eorum misse et officia nec patiantur sacerdotes ire ad infirmos, in quo nullo modo debent eis assentire. Communitas autem pie et caritative providit infirmis ex eo morbo illo tempore scilicet anno domini MCCCCXLVIII et nono pestis. Nam tria milia florenorum statuit assignanda archiepiscopo civitatis certo tempore, modo et forma, ut infectis provideretur. Unde quidam optimi iuvenes per civitatem discurrebant, querendo infectos et dando pullos, confectiones et alia necessaria.
Meanwhile, in the year of our Lord 1448, the plague began to invade Florence and for two years it kept the city infected. The city was almost emptied, not only by the departure of the wealthy and nobles but also by the common people and the poor, who fled from the city to villages and towns. It was indeed prolonged, but slow, and removed only a few people. That contagious disease, which had ravaged since the year 1400, when it nearly consumed a third of the living, until 1457 (the year we are currently in), struck Florence seven times: in 1401, again in 1438, and finally, as mentioned, in 1448 and 1449, when the city of Florence was infected by this contagion. When it later reached the city of Rome, where Pope Nicholas V resided with his court, he withdrew to Fabriano. There, an inquiry and trial were conducted against certain heretics infected with the leprosy of the Fraticelli error, who had long found a haven and favor there. Persisting in their stubborn wickedness, they were handed over to the flames, displaying the usual miracles of ashes and dust. However, in this year 1457, few have been taken from this life, and the plague has not yet ceased. What will happen in the future, God knows. Never before has such a contagious disease so greatly terrified people as it does now, so much so that parents forget their children and children forget their parents when they are infected, and it is difficult to find anyone willing to provide them with the necessities for both body and soul, or to ensure they receive the sacraments and Christian burial. Although there is no law prohibiting people from fleeing to places free from infection, since the disease is highly contagious (as daily experience shows), and it is prudent to avoid domestic interactions and conversations with the infected or those coming from infected areas—except when the care of souls is at stake and they must, for the sake of their own salvation, administer the sacraments either in person or through a suitable intermediary to those infected—it is nonetheless against all charity, humanity, and Christian compassion to withhold necessities from the infected or refuse to minister to their bodies and souls, treating them as outcasts and pagans. It is wrong not to hear their masses and services or allow priests to go to the sick, and no one should agree to such practices. However, the community provided for the sick with piety and charity during this outbreak in the year 1448 and the ninth plague. Indeed, 3,000 florins were allocated to the archbishop of the city at a specific time, in a particular manner, and form, to provide for the infected. As a result, certain noble youths went around the city, seeking out the infected and giving them chickens, remedies, and other necessities.
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913
1448-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia? Sim
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 204.
A mild attack of plague affecting humans, horses and other animals
[6956] A нa лѣтo мopъ нa кoни и нa вcякую живoтинy и нa люди былъ, дa нeмнoгo.
This summer 1448 there was a plague on horses, other animals and people, but not much.
1448-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia? Sim# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
1448-00-00-Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia? Sim# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
A procession to end plague in Perugia
Adi ditto, cioè adi 27 de marzo, ditta che fu la predica, se fece la processione con tutti li religiosi de Peroscia , dovo ce andò Monsignore e li Priori e tutti li gentilomini e le donne, e generalmente ogni persona fina alle rede, sempre cantando letanye et alcune laude et orazione; et alcune donno ce andaro vestite de bianco : et andarono a S. Pietro pregando Dio che cessi la peste.
On the said day, that is, on the 27th of March, after the sermon, a procession was held with all the clerics of Perugia, where His Lordship, the Priors, all the gentlemen, and the women attended, and generally every person up to the children, always singing litanies and some hymns and prayers; and some women went dressed in white: and they went to San Pietro praying to God to stop the plague.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 262
Jubilee year and grave pestilence in Rome
Anno Domini mcdl°. Fuit Rome annus iubileus et magna pestilencia.
The year of our Lord 1450. In Rome there was jubilee year and a great pestilence.
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle, p. 308.
A plague breaks out in Basel and lasts two years.
Anno domini 51 was pestilency zu Basel, aber nit zu grosz. Aber dem der sine abegieng und schaden beschach, hatte sich zu clagen. Doch starb me mannesnamen denne frowennamen.
In year 1451 was a pestilence in Basel, but not severe. In the beginning it injured people. Some of them died, both men and women.
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891, p. 283.
Im jar 1451 vor wihenecht hub es an ze sterben zu Costanz; do zog das chorgericht gen Büchoffzell.
In the year 1451 before Christmas started a dying in Constance; then the choir court moved to Bischofszell.
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891
1451-00-00-Constance# QUERYd2f5dbf0ea52fee6c5465c9357ef71b9
La più antica cronaca di Cuneo, p. 156, l. 8
Severe plague in Cuneo which lasted two or three years.
L’anno del Signore 1451 fu assaltato Cuneo un altra volta da una peste crudelissima, la quale continuo per due o tre anni, e morirono di morbo più di tre milla huomini e femine, et indebolò il popolo di maniera che nessuna pensava che dovesse mai più pigliar forza.
In the year of our Lord 1451, Cuneo was once again attacked by a cruel plague, which continued for two or three years, and more than three thousand men and women died of the disease, and weakened the people to such an extent that no one thought it would ever get stronger.
Notae monachi Sanctae Crucis, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol III., pp. 412-414, 412
In the year 1451 there was the greatest plague in virtually all lands of the earth.
A. 1451. Anno domini 1451 fuit maxima pestilencia quasi in omnibus terris.
In the year of the Lord 1451 there was the greatest plague in virtually all lands of the earth.
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 62
A "notable" plague occurred in Wrocław in 1451. starting around the feast of the birth of St. Mary the Virgin (September 8) and lasting throught the whole winter.
A. 1451. Pestis notabilis. Eodem anno 1451 fuit notabilis pestis Wratislavie et oppidis ac villis hinc inde, incepit circa festum nativitatis Marie et duravit quasi per totam hyemem leniter.
Year 1451. Notable plague. In the same year 1451 there was a notable plague in Wrocław and the towns and villages from there onwards. It started around the feast of the birth of St. Mary the Virgin (September 8) and lasted in a milder way virtually through the whole of the winter.
Notae Plocenses et Sochaczevienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol III., pp. 118-124, 121
In the Year 1451 a plague raged in Sochaczew (Central Poland) and other towns of the region starting at the feast of St Margarethe (July 13) and lasting until the feast of St Michael (September 29) and beyond.
Anno domini 1451 pestilencia in Sochaczew bene viguit et aliis eciam in partibus ita, ut una die quadraginta ponebatur in unam foveam. Cuius inicium a festo sancte Margarethe stans ad festum sancti Michaelis et ultra etc.
In the year of the Lord 1451 a plague raged well in Sochaczew and elsewhere in those parts in such a way that on one day fourty [people] were buried in one grave. It started at the feast of St Margarethe (July 13) and lasted until the feast of St Michael (September 29) and beyond.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 290, col. 8485–8488.
As foreseen by another virgin, Sweden is hit by a severe plague shortly after the end of Christopher of Bavaria's reign and the begin of Karl VIII's rulership. Since there had also been a war and a famine, the chronicler considers all three prophecies to have been fulfilled. As a consequence of the plague, many farms all over the country are deserted. The number of victims in Stockholm is given as 9,000.
Thz andra jomfrun spadde sannedis tha thz war sa stor pestilencia J stocholm ouer ixM [900] dödde. A landet stodo manga stadz gardana ödhe
The second maiden foresaw truthfully that there was such a great pestilence in Stockolm that over 9,000 [people] died. Many towns were deserted all over the country.
A nun wants to move to another monastery in the diocese of Messina in 1479 as plague has emptied her orignal monastery.
ob raritate monialium in eodem monasterio causante peste que inibi diutius viguit mortuarum.
Because of the scarcity of nuns in the same monastery, caused by the plague that persists there for a long time, resulting in many deaths.
Anonymous, Ratiborer Chronik, (ed. Weltzel), in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens, vol 4 (1862), pp. 114-126, p. 118
The plague reigned in Ratibor in 1452.
Anno MCCCCLII […] Et eodem anno regnabat pestis in districtu Rat.
In the year 1452 [...] and in this year the plague reigned in the district of Ratibor.
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 63
A "notable" plague occurred in Silesia, Poland and "in the mountains" in 1452, starting around the feast of St John the baptist (June 24) and lasting until the end of the year.
Pestis notabilis in Silesia. Eodem anno fuit notabilis pestis in Silesia, in Polonia et in montana. Incepit circa festum Joannis baptiste dure et continuavit leniter usque ad finem anni currentis.
A "notable" plague in Silesia. In this year there was a notable plague in Silesia, in Poland and in the mountains. It started around the feast of St John the baptist (June 24) and continued in a milder way lasting until the end of current year.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866, p. 318, col. 9305–9309
Campaign of the Danish King Christian I in Västergötland and northern Småland. There, his army is forced to retreat, partly because it suffers from diseases and the plague of whom many die.
gud sende thom oc twa harda gäste – mz blodsot oc pestilencia han them freste – aff thenne sama store nödh - blef ther mongen aff them dödh – the tidzke ther strax fra konungen röcte
God send them two hard guests - with a blood disease and pestilence he fed them - by this same great misery - many of them were killed
A pestilence breaks out in the region, as a consequence of a dearth caused by war.
Messis tempore non invenit quod colligeret; hinc annona solito carior et, quae communiter sequi solet, pestilentia populum gravare coepit.
At harvest time, not enough people came at the fields. Then prices have been higher than usual, and a pestilence broke out, as it is common in such conditions.
A commentary to a manuscript by Thomas Ebendorfer mentions that lectures at the university of Vienna are suspended, as plague reigned.
Revisus per Thomam de Haselpach tempore suspensionis lectionum ob sementem pestem. Anno etc. 1453, 8 Octobris
Revised by Thomas of Haselpack as lectures were suspended because of the ravaging plague. In the year 1453 on 8 October.
There were war, plague, famine, shortage and price increase.
En l’an 1766 [1455] Malik al-Kalif prit la forteresse de Kifa et y régna. […] Il y eut des troubles, des guerres et la terreur, une terrible <épidemie>, la famine et la disette. Tout ce qu’il y avait à manger se vendait au plus haut prix.
In the year 1455 Malik al-Kalif took the fortress of Kifa and reigned there. [...] There were troubles, wars and terror, a terrible epidemic, famine and scarcity. Everything there was to eat was sold at the highest price.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 286
Pestilence in Upper Sweden in 1455, concomitant to a severe famine
Item, fames in tantum invaluit in tota Swecia, quod multi fame moriebantur, et multi ex pestilencia, que tunc erat in superiori Swecia.
Furthermore, the famine ravaged the whole of Sweden so violently that many died of starvation, and many of the plague, which was then spreading in Upper Sweden.
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913, pp. 97-98.
In Florence was a shortage due to the weather and a flooding. The city had to provide food for the population especially for the poor.
Eodem anno per inundationem aquarum, in agris impedientem sationem agrorum et aliam intemperiem supervenientem tempore spicationis in agris satis, defectus magnus modicitatis in segetibus repertus est Florentie, et [in] territorio eius. Creatis autem officialibus habundantie, provisum est competenter de frumentis de diversis locis extra territorium adductis. Sed et pauperibus provisum est, quorum a diu in preteritum nunquam tantus inventus est numerus; quod contigit, quia mercatores et artifices parum negotiantur vel artificia exercent, tum propter guerras impedientes discursum per mare et per terram, tum timore nove impositionis prestantiarum, ne nimis onerentur, tum eciam peste civitatem invadente, etsi lente, tamen in futurum magis de grassatione eius dubitatur. Decretum igitur [p. 98] fuit, ut per quatuor menses precedentes recollectionem frumenti, quingenti floreni mensatim expenderentur a communitate eleemosynaliter erogati pro frumento pauperibus in pane concedendo. Quod optimum fuit tum ut peccata sua civitas, eis plena, eleemosynis redimat, tum ut caritatem ad fratres suos et membra reipublice ostendat, nec non ad prudenter auferendos tumultus et clamores famelice plebis. Quid enim non audeat rabies famis, cum aliquando et matres filios proprios occidere et comedere coegerit, sacra historia ac eciam infidelium hoc referente?
In the same year, due to flooding that hindered the sowing of fields and other adverse weather conditions during the grain ripening season, there was a significant shortage in the harvest in Florence and its surrounding territory. Officials were appointed to manage the scarcity, and grain was competently procured from various places outside the territory. Provisions were also made for the poor, whose numbers had not been this high for a long time. This situation arose because merchants and craftsmen were engaging in little trade or work, partly due to wars disrupting travel by sea and land, partly out of fear of new tax burdens, and partly because of a plague slowly affecting the city, which was feared to worsen in the future. It was decreed that, for the four months preceding the next grain harvest, 500 florins would be spent monthly by the community to provide grain to the poor in the form of bread. This was seen as beneficial both to help the city atone for its sins, which were abundant, through acts of charity, and to demonstrate care for fellow citizens, as well as to prudently prevent uprisings and outcries from the starving populace. For what would the rage of hunger not dare to do, when history—even sacred texts—reports that, in such times, mothers have been forced to kill and eat their own children?
A mortality breaks out in France.
Per totam fere Franciam bladorum caristia fuit, quam sequebatur pestilentialis mortalitas.
In almost all France wheat prices were high, and a mortality of pestilence followed.
Calendarium Cracoviense, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, pp. 906-941, 937f.
1457, November 23, Ladislaus, king of Bohemia and Hungary and duke of Austria died of the plague in Prague.
Anno Domini MCCCCLVII in die sancti Clementis domnus Ladislaus Bohemie et Hungarie rex et Austrie dux Prage de peste epidemie moritur et in ecclesia Pragensi in sepulcro proavi sui Karoli sepelitur.
In the year of the Lord 1457 on the day of St Clement lord Ladislaus, king of Bohemia and Hungary and duke of Austria died of the plague in Prague and he was buried in the [cathedral] church of Prague in the grave of his progenitor Charles [Emperor Charles IV].
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913, p. 100.
In Genoa, evil men went during the plague to the sick and robbed them in their homes. If the sick were still alive, they suffocated them. The crime was reported to the king, who stopped it. But in the end, more than 80 people died because of the murderer.
Interea scelus enorme ibi perpetratum est et flagitium inexpiabile fere. Nam cum pestis in urbe grassaretur propter quod pene vacua foret hominibus, quidam ex societatibus ad pia opera deputatis convenerunt in unum numero XLVIII, statuentes inter se visitare morbo infectos ac curam eorum agere et cadavera tradere sepulture, non quidem intentione Deo obsequendi, sed domos infirmorum rebus evacuandi et, uno marsupio facto, statuebant inter se quis quid inde acciperet. Nec illi scelesti et crudeliores feris expectabant infirmorum mortem, sed accelerabant ipsos suffocantes, ut postmodum rapine vacarent. Sed tantum nephas pius Deus non est passus diu manere occultum. Facta enim inter eos quadam dissensione super cuiusdam morte temptanda, unus eorum accedens ad ducem vices regis exequentem, prius sibi vite preservatione postulata et obtenta, confessus est crimen suum et sociorum, narrans octoginta infirmos et ultra per eos suffocatos ante naturalem transitum vite et substantias eorum direptas. Quod audiens dux, caute illos inquiri fecit, et XXVIII ex eis captos suspendi fecit, aliis fugam hinc inde capientibus.
Meanwhile, an enormous crime and almost unforgivable outrage was committed there. For when the plague was ravaging the city, leaving it nearly empty of people, some members of charitable organizations came together, numbering forty-eight, and decided among themselves to visit the sick and take care of them, as well as to bury the dead. However, their intention was not to serve God, but to rob the homes of the sick. They made a pact among themselves, agreeing on how to divide the spoils they would take. These wicked men, even more cruel than wild beasts, did not wait for the sick to die naturally but hastened their deaths by suffocating them so that they could more quickly engage in looting. But God, in His mercy, did not allow such wickedness to remain hidden for long. A dispute arose among them regarding the planned murder of someone, and one of them, seeking to save his own life, approached the leader acting on behalf of the king. After securing a promise of protection, he confessed his crime and those of his companions, revealing that they had suffocated more than eighty sick people before their natural deaths and plundered their possessions. Upon hearing this, the leader carefully ordered an investigation, leading to the capture and hanging of twenty-eight of them, while the others fled in different directions.
An epidemic in the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) killing Arabs and Christians
En l’an 1769 [1458], il y eu une terrible et cruelle épidémie dans Djézira de Qardu et beaucoup des gens moururent, des Chrétiens comme des Arabes.
In the year 1458, there was a terribe and cruel epidemic in Upper Mesopotamia Jazira and many people died, Christians and Arabs alike.
A strong mortality in Franconia, Hesse and Thuringia and along the river Leine.
Ein heftig sterben im land Dorringen, Hessen, Franken und by der Leinen.
A strong mortality in Thuringia, Hesse, Franconia and along the Leine river.
1460-00-00-Central Germany# QUERY40b497e0e73e6edfccd3c8a0c1eb1960
A plague in Lower Saxony kills mainly middle-aged men
Kein Wunder, daß Gott, über solchen Götzendienst aufs heftigste erzürnt, das Land bald darauf durch schweres Unheil heimsuchte. Kaum waren seit diesem abergläubischen Akt zwei Jahre verflossen als eine schreckliche und jeglicher Erinnerung unbewußte Pest Sachsen überfiel. Sie räumte nicht so sehr Frauen und Kinder aus der Welt als vielmehr Männer im besten Alter, die von der verheerenden Seuche ergriffen und fast alle hinweggerafft wurden.
No wonder that God, furious at such idolatry, soon struck the land with a severe calamity. No more than two years had passed since this superstitious act when a terrible plague, unconscious of any memory, struck Saxony. It did not so much eliminate women and children as men in their prime, who were seized by the devastating plague and almost all of whom were swept away.
Annales Wratislavienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. III, pp. 680-688, 686
In the year 1460 there was a great mortality in Silesia.
Anno 1460 fuit magna mortalitas in Silesia.
In the year 1460 there was a great mortality in Silesia.
I also found a boat bound for Corfu; I boarded on July 11 [1460], as, in addition to the other evils, there was an outbreak [p. 82] of the plague at Methone; we set sail on August 2. […] [p. 84] As the plague infected the castle of Corfu, the despot and I moved to the villages, where we expected the results of the two embassies.
Already a translation from the Greek original.
A great mortality around Maastricht, in the city of Beek
Item int jaer van LXI due was die groese sterft te Beick.
In the year of (14)61 was the great mortality in Beek.
A plague in Nuremberg and Erfurt and after that in many other places
incepit pestilentia in Nurenberga, anno sequenti in Erfordia et sic continenter per tres annos circumgyravit per multa loca.
A pestilence started in Nuremberg, the next year it was in Erfurt and so it continued to spread for three years in many places.
Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838, p. 188
A disease breaks out in Arras and the surroundings, in August. This is a non-lethal fever, but people recovers with difficulty.
Et regna depuis aoust ou environ, une manière de caulde maladie et de fièvres en plusieurs lieux et presque partout; mais il n'en mouroit guères, nonobstant qu'on se remesist sus à grande peine
Since August, a kind of "hot disease" with fever spread out in several location and almost anywhere. Though nobody died, people get difficulties to recover.
(1461) incepit pestilentia in Nurenberga, anno sequenti in Erfordia et sic continenter per tres annos circumgyravit per multa loca.
A plague in Erfurt kills 24 nuns.
Anno domini 1462 pestilentia magna fuit, ita ut Erfordiae in claustro novi operis a vigilia Laurentii usque ad vigiliam Mathei apostoli XXIV virgines morerentur, quarum animae sint in domino.
In the year of our Lord 1462 there was a great pestilence, so that in Erfurt in the newly built monastery from the vigil of St. Laurence to the vigil of St. Matthew 24 nuns died, and their souls are with the Lord.
A mortality in Ferrara kills 14.000 people
Eodem millesimo, fu una grandissima moria a Ferrara de sorte che morite circa persone 14000.
In the same year (1462), there was a great mortality in Ferrare of a kind that killed 14.000 persons.
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung, p. 16. November 1465.
Denn Anno 1461. am Tage Creutzes Erhebung ist daselbst ein dermassen hefftiges Ungewitter entstanden / daß allein im Tieffe sechtzig Schiffe mit einssten Vergangen / und in der Stadt 37. kleine Thürmlein von der Kirchen abgeworffen sind worden / darauf im folgendem Jahre eine grosse Peste gefolget ist.
In the year 1461, on the day of Creutz's uprising [September 14], such a violent storm arose there / that in the lows alone sixty ships were destroyed / and in the town 37 small towers were thrown down from the church / followed by a great plague in the following year.
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant, p. 547
A comet appeared over Cologne, then wars and plague.
Int selve jaer openbaerde een commeet int beginsel van jaer die omtrent Sinte-Agnietendach stont boven die stadt van Coelen teghen dat teyken geheten Lijbra. Ende hadde een langhe staert te wesstenwaert omtrent xxx graden. Ende op Sinte-Blasiusdach stont se int teyken geheten Aries mitten staert ad Pilades ten oestenwaert. Sij was seer wilt, onderwijlen wit ende somwijle vuyerich, mit veel straalen. Hiernae volchden in veel landen oerlogen ende pestilencien.
In the same year (1462) a comet appeared in principle on Saint Anne's Day above the town of Cologne against the mountain called Lijbra. And had a long stand to the west about 30 degrees. And on Saint Blasiusday she stood in the sign called Aries with her standing in Pilades in the east. It was very white and sometimes dirty, with many rays. After this, many countries suffered from wars and pestilence.
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant
A flu-like epidemic in Bologna kills mainly the elderly
Del mese di febbraro per il gran freddo si scuoprono strane infirmitá et regnano molte febbri et catarri, di che molti vecchi moiono nella città che nel territorio.
In the month of February because of the severe cold one saw strange diseases and fevers and colds ravaged, which killed many elderly people in the city and the countryside.
A plague is ravaging in the whole Holy Roman Empire, especially in the South
Pestis valida faevit per Bavariam, Austriam, Bohemiam, Sueviam & quasi per totam Germaniam multos mortales absumens.
A strong pestilence ravaged in Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia and Swabia, and almost all over Germany it killed many people.
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris), sp. 61
Great plague with 4000 deaths in Leipzig and 18 000 in Erfurt lasted half a year
1463 pestilencia magna […] ubique terrarum, et in Lipczk ultra 4 milia hominum et 18 milia hominum in Herfordia obierunt, et pestis illa in uno loco ad medium annum duravit.
In 1463, there was a great pestilence everywhere on the earth, and in Leipzig, over four thousand people died, and in Erfurt, eighteen thousand people died. And that plague endured in one place for half a year
A plague in Erfurt kills many inhabitants. High victim numbers for single parishes, mass graves are needed
Anno 1463 Ist zu Erffurd vnd allenthalben ein groß sterben gewesen, das man noch das grosse sterben, so auf nehest gewesen ist heist. Seind in S. Johans pfarr 8 schock menschen gestorben, vnd sind zu den Regulern auf einen tag 3 schock menschen gestorben vnd begraben worden auf dreymal iglich mal 60 menschen. Vnd hatt zwei iahr aneinander gestorben in die 28.000.
In the year 1463, there was a great mortality in Erfurt and everywhere else, which is still referred to as the Great Death, as it was the latest event of that kind. In the parish of St. John, 480 people died, and among the Augustinan Canon's parish (Reglerkirche), 180 people died in one day and were buried in three shifts of 60 each time. Over the course of two years, a total of 28,000 people perished.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 296.
A plague ravages in Görlitz and kills many people, including nine friars.
Item anno domini 1463 pestis ingwinaria vel epidemia multum atrociter grassata est in Gorlicz, in qua mortui sunt novem fratres.
Likewise, in the year of our Lord 1463, a contagious plague or epidemic raged very fiercely in Görlitz, in which nine brothers died.
A great mortality all over Lower Saxony.
In dussem sulven jare (1463) do was eyn grot starve to Brunswick, Hanover, Hildessem, Megedeborch unde Halverstadt, de hoff an in dem harveste, und stod went in den vastelavende, und do starff vele volckes.
In the same year (1463) there was a great mortality in Braunschweig, Hannover, Hildesheim, Magdeburg and Halberstadt, which started in Autumn and continued until Carnival, and many people died.
1463-00-00-Lower Saxony# QUERYfde66a02fcbb56f4a4d064a0143440cf
1463-00-00-Lower Saxony# QUERY31a1e9876883138cf8eaaa7dfa7dac63
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, p. 405.
In the year 1463, there was a large epidemic here.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 150.
[6971] Того же лѣта, отъ сентября мѣсяца до филипова заговѣнiа, отъ коросты люди мерли мнозiе.
That year (1463), from the month of September to the Philip zagovenia[1], many people died from blotchs.
A procession because of ongoing plague in Göttingen and a plague all over Lower Saxony.
Anno domini 1463, feria 6. Ante Assensionem Domini, do ging men mit einer procession wulln und barfuß umb der pestilentz willn, so dar regerde in vilen stedten. […] Dan in diesem jare regirde auch eine grosse pestilentz in vilen enden und orten, also auch in Gottingen, das grosse hauffen absturben. Tho Brunswig, Hildesheim, Hannober, Magdeborch, Halberstadt starb es auch gleich so sehre. Dusser sterben find an in dem herbst und werete bis in den Fastelavent.
In the year of our Lord 1463, on a Friday before Ascension, a procession of barefoot people was made because of the pestilence that ruled in many cities [...] And in this year, there ruled a pestilence in many place, also in Göttingen, that killed a lot of people. In Braunschweig, Hildesheim, Hannover, Magdeburg and Halberstadt people died in the same way. This mortality started in autumn and ended during Carnival.
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo, p. 400.
From June a small dying begins in Forlì.
Del ditto mexe [Juni 1463] comencò a Forlì un pocho de moria per lo contado.
On the right month (Juni 1463), a little death began in Forlì for the countryside.
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle, p. 344.
Anno domini 63 post Margarete incepit pestilentia in minori Basilea primo modicum, post in magna civitate.
The year 1463 began a pestilence in Basel after Margeret's Day (15 July). It broke out first, without being severe in Klein-Basel, then it spread in the city.
Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487, pp. 197–198
So great mortality everywhere that a family has to flee temporarily
Item 1463 zu s. Jacobs tag hůb es hie an zu sterben und starb bis zů s. Lucien tag, und maint man das bei 9000 menschen tod seient; es sturben in sant Ulrichs pfarr allain bei 3500 Menschen. Man was so vast ausgeflohen, das man maint, es wären bei 3000 menschen außgeflohen. Zu sant Michels tag was ich vier tag hie, da sturben wol 500 mentschen in den vier tagen. Ich floch mit weib und kinden hie aus an sant Hilarien abent bis gen Menchingen und belaib da bis zů sant Nicolaus tag [p. 198], do zoch ich gen Memingen bis and er hailigen dreier künig abent, do kam ich wider haim.
Sambstag nach Michaelis [1463]. Item an dem tag alls die Pestilenz Laider, durch die geschiht Gottes vasst regieret und geregieret hette vost von Weinnechten bisher giengen auß iedem hauß ain Mensch die man besonder vnd die frauen sonder mit grosser andacht wainenden augen, vnd noch mit betriebten herzen und doch mit sonder grossen frolokhen zu dem wierdigen hailigthumb auf den Berg zu Andex. woll bey 5m. menschen die man hinauß mit processenvon den Pfarren und Clostern und wider herein mit grosser wirdigkait belaittet vnd mit grosser menig des Volkhs der statt des khain mensch gedenkht. Item desgleichen thete und hete man ain Process gehen unser lieben Frauen gehen Freißing in xiiii tagen darnach.
Plague in Zittau but only of short duration.
Anno domini etc. lxiii incepit pestilencia circa nos circa festum Martini et non diu perseuerauit, sed graciose nobiscum mansit
In the year of our Lord etc. 1463, a pestilence began here around the feast of Martin, and it did not persist for long but graciously stayed with us (only for a short time).
Great mortality in Augsburg, mainly young people
und was im [dem Sterben] niemant weder zu alt noch zu jung: es sturben man und frawen, die bei 60 jarn alt waren, aber es sturben dennocht mer jung dann alter.
and nobody who died was neither to old nor to young, Men and women died, in the age of 60 year (or more), but mainly young people died.
Very stormy and rainy year, the sun shone little in September as the moon was blue at night. There was severe fever, smallpox and seasickness
A dì 17 di dicembre, il lunedì, venne in Bologna gran neve. […] In somma quest’anno fu piovoso et tempestoso e nel tempo del raccolto vendevasi la corba del grano lire due, la spelta soldi 11, la fava soldi 20; fu dell’ uva assai. Il mese di settembre fu con molte maligne nebbie; il solo splendeva poco et era di color smorticcio, siccome è di notte la luna, che si mostrava azzura. Furono gran febbri, vaioli et mali di costa.
Plague in which mostly men died and many children
incepit pestilentia satis rara et insolita, quia viri fortes in ea moriebantur et pauce mulieres; de pueris vero valde raro aliqui obierunt.
This plague began in a rather rare and unusual way, because strong men and few women died from it; but very few children.
Caspar Weinreichs Danziger Chronik, p. 2
Great mortality in Gdańsk and Lübeck
Item disz yor [1464] war in dantzke, lubke zc. grosse sterbung.
Furthermore in ths year was a great mortality in Gdańsk and Lübeck.
Lübecker Ratschronik (1401–1469), pp. 360–362.
Plague in all german territories with many deaths.
Item in dusseme jare [1464] unde in deme jare hiir bevoren was en grot unde en gemeyne pestilencie in allen Dudeschen landen, alzo dat in [p. 361] deme jare, alse men scref 63, se was boven uppe deme Ryne to Basel, Strasselborch, Spire, vordan in Doringhen, in Sassen, in Myssen unde in der Marke; mer in deme 64. jare by pinxsten quam se by de see, also to Luneborch, Hamborch, Lubeke, Wismer, Rostoke, Sund unde in de lant ummelank, unde darna by assumpcionis Marie, qwam se in Dennemarken, in Prussen unde in Liflant. In dusser pestelencien storven vele lude to Lubeke, vrouwen unde man, unde sunderliken junc volk, unde [p. 362] leghen gans kort, wente in dat gemen storven se in deme dorden dage. Unde also de ersten seden, so was id en zelfene pestelencie, wente alle arstedie, der me plecht to brukende teghen de suke, de halp gar wenynich, unde unwantlik arstedye, dede na wane der arsten to der pestelencien schedelik is, halp velen luden. Unde dusse pestilencie warde to Lubecke wente omnium sanctorum.
Severe plague the whole summer until autumn, everyone avoided contact with each other in Görlitz
in anno autem lxiiii jn estate incepit viceuersa grauiter, sic quod in duobus diebus plures quam trecente persone in morbo obierunt, aliquando de die 80, aliquando 60, et sic deinceps, et durauit grauiter per totam estatem vsque ad autumpnu, tamen adhuc semper per parum viguit. Pestilencia circumquaque viguit in villis et vbique, sic quod frumenta permanserunt jn agris. Fuit eciam in civitate, quod vna persona aliam refutauit propter pestilenciam, et tants timor fuit inter homines, vt vnus cum alio recusauit loqui; sic contigit nostris in Gorlicz, nolentes eos hospitare nec cibare nec eciam cum eis loqui.
Bern Gyseke's Chronik von 810–1542, p. 40. Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559, p. 409.
Anno 1464 do was to Hamborch grote pestilencie, vnd storuen in korter tidt xx dusent minschen, junk vnd olt.
In the year 1464 was a great pestilence in Hamburg, and in a short periode 20.000 young and old people died.
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535, p. 257. Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559, p. 410.
Great plague in Hamburg and in all other german territories
In demsuluen jare [1464] do wasz szo grote pestilencie unde dure tyt to Hamborch vnde ouer alle dudesche lande, dat dar vele dusent minschen storuen.
In the same year there was a great plague and dying time in Hamburg and many thousend people died there and in all other german territories.
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535
Annales Posnantenses II, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. V, pp. 882-884, 884.
In the year 1464 raged the greatest plague which resulted in the destruction of large parts of the city and in the killing of many Jews.
1464 viguit maxima pestilencia et itidem magna pars civitatis Poznan exusta, ubi multi Iud[ei sunt interfecit].
In the year 1464 raged the greatest plague and likewise large parts of the city of Poznań were destroyed, when many Jews were killed.
Annales Olivienses, in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. VI, pp. 360-382, p. 367
In this year a plague raged in Gdańsk which claimed 5000 lives before the feast of St Michael (September 29) and further 800 lives between St Michael and the feast of the saints Simon and Judas (October 28).
Eodem anno saeviebat mirum in modum pestis Gedani fueruntque sepulta 5000 hominum ante festum sancti Michaelis apud sanctam Gertrudem, a festo autem sancti Michaelis usque ad festum sanctorum Simonis et Iudae 800 homines.
In this year a plague raged in a peculiar way in Gdansk and there were 5000 humans burried before the feast of St Michael near [the church of] St Gertud, but 800 [humans] from St Michael until the feast of the saints Simon and Judas.
Item 1464 fuit hic pestilentia magna hominum.
Sequuntur gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi, in: Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum, vol. 12, ed. Wachter, p. 37-86, 81
A "very notable" plague occurred from before the feast of nativitatis St Mariae (September 8) until the feast of St Martin (November 11). In Wrocław and its surroundings it lasted until the end of the year.
Pestis satis notabilis. Eodem anno fuit pestis notabilis, incepit ante festum nativitatis Marie et duravit satis exacte usque ad festum sancti Martini et quasi ad finem anui currentis in Wratislavia et aliis hinc inde locis.
A veray notable plague. In the same year there was a notable plague which started before the feast of the birth of St Mary the Virgin and lasted quite exactly until the feast of St Marin and in Wrocław and the places from there onwards it lasted virtually until the end of the current year.
The plague lasted 5 years in Soest
Item eodem anno [1468] umbtrent dey vrijkermisse [8. Sep] do regendt an dach by dage bys to Alle godes hilgen dage, dat yd nu boven twe dage wedder en was, ind dey buwet was, dat men to Alle godes hilgen dage as van gersten, haveren ind wicken, dey do nochtant malk moste meggen, hopen ind ynvoren laten. Eodem anno do stillede sich dat sterven der pestilencie bynnnen Soist, dat wall vijff jare lanck gewart hadde, ummetrent na sunte Mertins misse.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 330.
Severe pestilence breaks out in Stockholm in the autumn of 1464 and lasts for two years in Sweden. 7.000 people die only in Stockholm.
Item, in autumpno eciam istius anni incipiebat Stocholmis et in aliis locis regni gravissima pestilencia regnare. Et dicebatur communiter, quod in solo opido Stocholmensi moriebantur vii milia hominum sexus utriusque; et duravit hec pestilencia in regno continue fere per duos annos.
Furthermore, in the autumn of that year (1464), a very severe pestilence began to ravage Stockholm and other parts of the country. It was generally stated that seven thousand people of both sexes died in the city of Stockholm alone. This pestilence remained uninterrupted in the country for almost two years.
Die Chronik Hartung Cammermeisters, p. 208.
Plague in Thuringia and surroundings with many deaths in all age groups
Anno dni 1464 stund auff in dem lande zu Duringen und in allen umbliegenden landen pestilentie uberschwenglich gros zeitlichen im jhare, also das aus des massen viel volcks starb auff den schlossern, in den stedten, in clostern, in dorffern und in allem geistlichen und weldlichen wessen, alte leuthe, mittelmessige und manich junk volck, an mannen, frawen und jungfrawen udn gar viel kinder. Und gott der almechtige that seine gnade, also das die pestilentie zeytlich als umb Galli [16.10.] in Duringen lande auffhorte, aber in Sachssen, an der sehe und anders wohe, da es auff die zeyt nicht gestorben hette, hup es do an und uberging gemeiniglich alle deutzsche und welsche landt.
In the year 1464 there was a great pestilence in the whole land of Thuringia and in all the surrounding countries, so that many of the people died in the castles, in the towns, in monasteries, in villages and in all spiritual and secular beings, old people, mediocre people and many young people, men, women and virgins and many children. And God Almighty showed his mercy when the plague ceased around St Gall's Day [16 October], but in Saxony it only began there and spread to all German and French lands.
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts, p. 38
Great mortality with 6000 deaths in Stralsund
1464 van des hilghen lichnames daghe an beth to Michaelis was eene grote stervinghe, so da tute deme Sunde storven wol 6 dusent mynschen junck unde olt, unde yd was en mene stervent aver de ghantze werlt.
In the year 1464 from the Feast of Corpus Christi to the day of S. Michael was a great mortality, so that 6 thousend people died, young and old, and this happend in the whole world.
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik, p. 210
Great mortality with 5k deaths in Stralsund
Anno 1464 um corporis Christi ungefährlick bis Michaelis war hir ein sehr grot stervend, und sturven in disser tidt hir thom Sunde bis 5000 minschen.
There was a great mortalitas in the year 1464 from the Feast of Corpus Christi untill S. Michael, and in this time died around 5000 people.
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5, p. 422, n. 564.
so verstain wir nu, wie to Hamborgh groete sterffde sy, so datt yd zomale sorghlichen were in sulche groete pestilencie zu trecken etc., ind begeren dairomb urer eirsamkeit guden rait, wie wir uns in dem besten hirinne moegen halten.
So now we understand how the great dying was in Hamburg, so that we were very anxious to get into this great pestilence and therefore, because of their honour, we asked for good advice on how best to behave.
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5
An outbreak of plague in Perugia leads to migration to the countryside
Del mese di luglio cominciò la peste in Perugia con tanta malignità, che quasi tutto il popolo si dette a fuggire nel contado; la quale vi andò a trovarne molti, perchè nelle città ne uccideva molti..
In the month of July, the plague began in Perugia with such malignancy that almost the entire population fled to the countryside; however, it found many there, as it was killing many in the cities.
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498, p. 252
Como fo una mortalità in Forlì. Eodem millesimo [1464], adì 7 de luglio, uenni a Forlì una gran mortalità, per modo ch’ el signore Cecco fogì a Forlinpolo e Madonna Isabetta con i figlioli e madonna uecchia fogì a Fiomana; e ‘l signore Pino si ‘n tornò in Lombardia; ch’ era uenuto a uedere la moglie: e cossì fogì hogn’ omo de Forliuio, chi in qua chi in là; parìa una badia robada.
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498
Great plague came to Głogów from the west
a.d. 1464 erat magna pestilential in Glogovia et venit a regione occidental vel per Misnam. Et ante duos vel tres annos errant multi vermes, sic quod folia arborum cum fructibus corroderunt, quod ante longa tempora non erat auditum. Et mortui sunt in viglia Mathaei 57 homines, in die Mathaei 68, in die Burckhardi 45, et incipiebat pestis circa festum Assumptionis Mariae et durabat usque ad Adventum. Et frumenta erant in bono foro, et unus florenus (?) emebatur pro marca et 6 grossis, et una auca vel anser emebatur pro 6 denariis, et si quis voluisset 100 habere. Et non pulsabatur tam in civitate quam in summon a festo Assumptionis usque Martini in sabbato.
Chronicon abbatum Beate Marie Virgnis in Arena, in: Script. rer. Siles., ed. Stenzel (1839), pp. 156-286, 249.
A great flood around the feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (August 15) caused the death of numerous animals whose corpsed rotted on the fields and infected the air. This led to a pestilence.
Anno [...] eodem circa festum assumptionis b. virginis 1464, magne et continue pluvie fuerunt plus quam per triduum sine cessatione [...]. Quas pluvias maxime inundancie aquarum subsecute sunt, [...] et [...] innumerabilia quasi peccora et alia animalia majora et minora [...] ex violentia et vehemencia aquarum subito veniencium in campis submersa sunt et ex cadaveribus eorum in campis jacentibus et putrefactis adeo aer corruptus et infectus, quod sevissima pestilencie plaga subsecuta fuit.
In this same year around the feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 1464, a great and continuous rain came down without any decrease over the course of three days [...]. This rain attracted the greatest flood of water [...] and innumerable farm animals and other animals, large and small, [...] drowned on the fields through the violence and fierceness with which the water suddenly appeared and by their decomposing cadavers the air was corrupted and became infectious, which entailed a terrible pestilence.
Chronicon abbatum Beate Marie Virgnis in Arena
Greifswalder Universitätsmatrikeln, p. 27.
Cessation of university operations in Greifswald due to the plague
post octavas s. Jacobi apostoli [1.8.], ut actus scholastici omnes suspenderentur usque ad festum s. Bartholomei apostoli [24.8.] propter tempus horribile, quo cepit invalescere pestis epydemie in hoc loco.
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470), p. 81.
Eodem anno [1464] fuit pestis notabilis, incepit ante festum nativitatis Marie et duravit satis exacte usque ad festum sancti Martini et quasi ad finem anni currentis in Wratislavia et aliis hinc inde locis.
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia, p. 123
per diversa regni loca et maxime Terre laboris sicut Neapolis, Gayeta, Suexe, Venafri, Sore, Albeti, et per multa alia circumstantia castra et loca fuit magna pestis et pluvie et nives per totum autem mensem decembris [1464], et opus olivarum fuit fertile sed tardum ad maturandum
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia
August was wet and cool and after that a great plague in Colmar, Rouffach, Guebwiller, Thann, Altkirch and Basel.
Der zitt [1465] was ein kalter fucht augt, dem nach volgte ein grosse pestilenz zu Colmar, Ruffach, Gebwiler, Tann, Altkyrch, Basell. […] ausz fuchtigkeitt des augst und manigfaltigkeitt der reyffen, die vor dem herbst und in dem herbst viellen, ward trefflicher seurrer wein in allen landen.
In this time (1465) was also a cold moisture, and afterwards great plague in olmar, Ruffach, Gebwiler, Tann, Altkyrch, Basel, and other places. Due to the humidity in August and the good ripeness in autumn, it became an excellent sour wine in all countries.
In Bologna: June very humid; from July to 19 September very dry and great wheat shortage, then on 20 September a solar eclipse, then cold and in December again very warm, from 23 December snow and wind and mild and short plague
Alli 20 di settembre, il venerdì, a hore 23, fu la ecclisse del sole et fu grande carestia di frumento, perciochè la corba valse lire due et soldi 16; fu anco poco vino […] In somma questo anno per tutto il mese di giugno fu humido et tempestoso, et per questu fu si gran freddo, che gli huomini furono forzati di amicarsi il foco. Fu assai frumento e legume, ma poco vino. IL mese di luglio, di agosto et di settembre furono secchi et caldi insino alli 19 di settembre et da indi in poi il freddo se fece della statione padrone dandoci pioggia et nebbia. Il mese di dicembre fu talmente calido, che pareva esser la primavera, et così stette insino alle 23 e poi ne diede neve et venta et una leggiera et breve pestilenza et mal di punta.
On Friday the 20th of September, at 11 p.m., there was an eclipse of the sun and a great shortage of wheat, because the grain was worth two lire and 16 cents; there was also little wine [...] In sum, this year, for the whole month of June, it was humid and stormy, and for this reason it was so cold, that men were forced to love the fire. There was much wheat and legumes, but little wine. The months of July, August and September were dry and hot until the 19th of September, and from then on, the cold became the master of the weather, giving us rain and fog. The month of December was so hot, that it seemed to be spring, and so it remained until 23rd and then it gave snow and wind and a slight and brief plague and sore tip.
Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4, p. 341
People suffered from fever and chest pain in autumn, but warmer weather in November and December eased their symptoms
Nota che in questo anno morino alquanti homini de mala fama, zoè che prestavano a usura, et faceano honestamente li mal contracti, chè prestavano da 25 insino in 40 per cento, facendo depositarie de datii cum littere de cambio et altri mal contracti coperti. Molto febre, varoli, mal de coste fu in l’otonno; le somente bone; novenbre et desenbre bom tempo, che ‘l fece utile assai alla povera gente, et molto più alli dazieri delle porte.
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz, p. 345.
Processions were supposed to help improve the weather and end the plague in Metz, but to no avail.
Lejour de feste sainct Jehan decollaistre, audit an [1465], les gens d’eglise et seigneurs de Mets firent faire une procession generale, et furent à Sainct Clement pour prier Diue qu’il voleist secourir son pouvre peuple de Mets, raichetté de son precieulx sang, qui estoit persecute de la peste qui acommenciot fort à perseceutier et alleir par la cite: aussy luy prier pour l’accroissance et amendement des biens de terre; car il faisoit ung pouvre temps, pour les gibnes, de froydure et pluye; et tant que le premier jour de septembre, on n’eust sceu trouveir ung boin raisin meure en vigne. A laquelle procession fut porté le chief du benoit sainct Estienne, et la fierte de sainct Livier et son chief. […] En celluy temps, l’air ne le temps, pour processions que on eust fait, ne se amendoit; et faisoit ung tres pouvre temps, et plus de la moitié de septembre ne fut jour qu’il ne pleust, et chéoit pluye aussy froyde comme à noel.
On the feast day of Saint John the Baptist, in the said year (1465), the ecclesiastics and lords of Mets made a general procession, and went to Sainct Clement to pray to God that he would come to the aid of his poor people of Mets, who were rich in his precious blood, and who were being persecuted by the plague which was beginning to spread throughout the town: We also prayed to him for the growth and improvement of the land; for the weather was poor for game, cold and rainy; and until the first day of September, we could not find a single good grape dying in the vineyard. To this procession was carried the chief of the blessed Saint Stephen, and the pride of Saint Livier and his chief. [...] At that time, the air and the weather did not improve for the processions that were carried out, and the weather was very poor, and for more than half of September there was no day without rain, and the rain was as cold as at Christmas.
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz, p. 178
Outbreak of a plague in Kłodzko (Glatz) as a consequence some canons regular from St. Augstine's order died
Postea vero, circa festum sancte Margarethe [13.7.1465], notabilis desevit pestilencia, in qua quinque fratres fuerunt infecti, quorum quatuor iacebant supra magna stuba prefata in comodis. Et ad eorum curam gerendam admisse sunt mulieres honeste et virgins devote, ne fratres omnes inficerentur. Et mortui sunt tres ex eis, scilicet Johannes Hofmann presbiter et frater Erasmus Meysner dyaconus et Paulus de Cracovia, plus quam octogenarius, qui eciam obit in peste, tamen in infirmaria antique retro refectorium superior.
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 334
Bishop Kettil of Linköping dies of the plague on 11 August 1465 in Stockholm
Item, eodem anno in octava assumpcionis beate Marie sepultus est Lincopie dominus Katillus episcopus Lincopensis. Qui modicum ante, videlicet in dominica proxima post Laurencii, obiit in castro Stocholmensi a pestilencia, que tunc temporis quasi per totum regnum gravissima regnavit. Qui episcopus tempore obitus sui quasi totum regnum tenuit, quod sibi subiugaverat, preter Finlandiam.
Further, in the same year, on the octave of the Virgin Mary's Ascension Day, Lord Kettil, Bishop of Linköping, was buried in Linköping. He died at Stockholm Castle shortly before, on the Sunday immediately after the feast of St Laurence. He was a victim of the pestilence which raged violently over almost the whole kingdom at this time. At his death, this bishop ruled virtually the entire empire, which he had subjugated except for Finland.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming: ''Svenska medeltidens rimkrönikor'' 3. Stockholm 1867–1868, p. 156. col. 4529–4536
Bishop Kettil of Linköping dies of the plague in Stockholm
Sedhen bleff iag siwk aff pestilens sott – och inghen kunde råda mig ther till bott – Jag sorgde oc gräth ath iag hade giortt ille – och loffuade gerna mig bätra wille - Med thz tog dödhen meg liiffwit wtåff – myn ånde iag i gudz hendher opgaff - J Stocholm ändade iag mitt liiff
Then I fell ill with the plague - and no one could advise me to cure it - I grieved and wept that I had done wrong - and promised to do better - With that death took me away - and I commanded my spirit into God's hands - I ended my life in Stocholm
Gustaf Edvard Klemming: ''Svenska medeltidens rimkrönikor'' 3. Stockholm 1867–1868
Sara Risberg, Kirsi Salonen, and Riksarkivet. ''Auctoritate Papae: The Church Province of Uppsala and the Apostolic Penitentiary 1410-1526''. Acta Pontificum Suecica 2. Stockholm 2008, p. 116.
Plague death of a laymen in the diocese of Turku in 1465 and penitential issued in Rome on 12 December 1465. Unsatisfied with the layman’s work, the Dominican friar Henricus Bella from the diocese of Turku had once assaulted the later plague victim who had been responsible for the maintenance of the organ bellows. After having received five blows with a stick on the back, the layman was struck down three days later with a pestilent abscess in his left armpit. Considering the absence of bruises after the blows and a plague wave in Southern Finland at that time, it was considered that the layman had died because of the inflamed abscess and not from the priest’s ill-treatment.
Tertio vero die sub assella sinistra dictus laicus apostemate pestilentiali fuit percussus. Cum pestis ibidem vigerit et super verberibus baculi huiusmodi nichil lesionis rubei sive lividi per examinem deputatum extitit eventum sed ex inflatione dicti apostematis ingressus est viam carnis universe.
On the third day, the said layman was struck with a pestilential abscess under the left armpit. With the pestilence raging there, and upon the whippings of the staff, no red or bruised lesion of this kind was found, as was determined by the examination. Rather, from the inflation of the said abscess, it had entered the way of the flesh.
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle, p. 347
A sermon (from Michele Carcano) is about the divine judgment, which was to come, as Italy was being chastised for her sins by the Turks, the plague and the masses of water.
Predighone sopra ai giudizi aspetta l’Italia pe‘ suoi pechati: e sì dal Turcho e fame e peste e grande amplitudine d‘ aqua, che à grande paura non si achonzi il mar di Vinegia con quello di Gienova e somerghando tutta Italia.
Above the judgments awaits Italy for its sins: and so from the Turks and famine and pestilence and great amplitude of water, that it has great fear that the sea of Vinegia will not be flooded with that of Gienova and all of Italy will be flooded.
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz, pp. 352–354
Great plague in the town of Metz. The weather at the end of April and beginning of May was bad with cold rain, resulting in low grape production. To fight the plague, a procession was made to Nostre Dame aux Chairtrieulx. In May the weather improved, but the vines bore few grapes. At the end of May, a procession was held in honour of St. Clement. In June the weather was warm and humid. In August, another procession took place to ask for protection from the plague. The weather was changeable in August and resulted in good wine production.
Audit an [1466], y eult en Mets grosse mortalité de peste. […] Audit an, fist uug tres bel mois de mars et environ la meitte du mois d’apvril; mais le reste du mois d’apvril en jusques au huitiesme jour de may, fist ung tres pouvre temps et chéoit pluye aussi froyde comme à noel, et pleuvoit fort et furent les yawes grandes comme elles avoient esté en hyveir. Et encor audit huitiesme jour de may, on ne véoit en vignes nulz raisins pour le froid temps qu’il avoit fait. Pour invoqueir l’ayde divine contre le temps pestilencieulx qui fort regnoit en Mets, on fist une procession à Nostre Dame aux Chairtrieulx pres du Ponthieffroy, pour alleir querir la fierte et corps de sainct Livier en son eglise, et fut apporté au moustier Sainct Pierre. Depuis le huitiesme jour du mois de may, acomenca à faire ung tres bel et chault temps, et amendont fort les raisins en vignes, mais il en y avoit peu. Audit mois de may, on acomencont fort à molrir en Mets et enz villaiges à l’ entour. (p. 352) […] Le vingt huitiesme jour de may, on fist une tres belle procession generalle à Sainct Clement, pour la mortalité qui estoit fort penetrante. Et y fut porté le chief sainct Estienne, le chief et la fierte sainct Livier, et fut rapport à Mets le corps du benoit St Clement en la grande eglise, et y fut six semaines; ce qu’il n’avoit esté passé, quarante ans, comme on disoit, si longuement. […] En ladicte année, fist ung tres bel mois de jung et si tres chault qu’on ne povoit dureir de chault; et molroit on tousjours en Mets et à l’entour, de plus fort en plus fort. Les vignes estoient peu chargiées de raisins; mais ce qui estoit, se monstroit bel et croissant et de belle appairance. Le cinquiesme, sixiesme et septiesme jour de jullet, en ces trios jours Durant, fist ung terrible temps de deux heures chescun jour seullement; car il ventoit si fort qu’il sembloit que tout deust ester fondu en l’abisme; il tonnoit et eulandoit terriblement; après pleuvoit asprement et si drument qu’il sembloit proprement que touttes les nues deussent tombeir à l’avallée, et tellement qu’il n’y avoit si boin tilz ne sie bien raicowaité en Mets, qui ne fust desrompu et trespassé de vent et de la pluye qui chéoit. […] Et ledit jour mesme [30. Juli 1466], à l’heure que on portoit ledit Jehan le Gournais en terre, acomencait à faire ung tres horrible temps en Mets, de gresle qui chéoit aussy grosse que oeufz d’oye, grosses noix et escuefz à juer à la paulme; et rompit plusieurs vairieres, signament touttes le vairieres de la grande église de St. Vincent, et en plusieurs aultres lieux aval la ville; mais la graice à Dieu, ceste nuée ne fist point de dopmaiges aux champs et cheut quausy toute en ville. (p. 353) […] Le quatorziesme jour d’aoust, on fist une tres belle procession generalle à Mets en la grande eglise, priant Dieu qu’il volcist gardeir et preserveir son people de peste et aultres grieves mallaidies, qui lors persecutoient les habitans de Mets et du pays à l’ entour. Et allont on aux Chairtirez au Ponthieffroy querir la vraye croix qui là estoit apportée de st Eloy, et y portent on le chief sainct Estienne, la fierte sainct Clement et la fierte sainct Livier; et aportont on ladicte vraye croix a St Pierre le Vielz, et y fut en jusques à ce que la pestilence fust cessée. […] Audit an, fist merveilleusement ung bel temps plus de la moitié du mois d’aoust; et fist en aoust sit res chault que à peine le povoit on endureir: parquoy les vins furent si boins et meilleurs qu’ilz n’avoient esté passé trente ans. Et ne vendoit on la quarte de vin de l’an lxv que ung denier, la quarte, et en trouvoit on assez pour une maille, si maindres estoient ilz. Mais les nouvelz vins de ceste presente année, l’an lxvj, et les viez viens de l’an lxiiii, on les vendoit assez briefvement cing deniers la quarte. [p. 354] En ladicte année, fist ung hyveir moeste, et ne fist oncque gellée qui durast plus hault de cinq ou six jours suyvans.
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525, p. 101
Je fais pas point de mention de gens sans nombre, car la mortalité estoit en Mets et ailleurs si grande que c’estoit grant pitiet et longtemps devant n’en avoit heu de pareille.
I make no mention of large numbers of people, because the death rate was so high in Metz and elsewhere that it was a great pity and long before that there had been none like it.
Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 151.
Epidemics in Pskov and Novgorod.
[6974] Бысть моръ въ Псковѣ и въ Новѣгородѣ велми великъ; бысть съ Велика дни, а поча уиматися съ Филипова заговѣнiа.
(1466) There was a huge epidemic in Pskov and Novgorod; it lasted from Easter (April 6)[1] and began to reduce from Philip zagovenia [2]
Et le merquedi après (Ascencion), revint ledit mareschal (de Bourgogne), maix il n'osit venir parmy la cité, pour le doubte de la mortalité.
Wednesday after the Ascencion Day [May 15], the marshal of Burgundy came back, but he did not dare to enter in the city because of the mortality.
An extraordinary procession takes place in Metz the 18th of May against the mortality.
Item, le XVIIIe jour de may, on fist une très belle procession généralle à Saint Clément pour la mortalité, qui estoit très orrible et grosse en Metz. Et y fuit portés le chief du benoy saint Estienne, et le chief et la fierté du benoy saint Liviés. Et raportont-on le corps saint Clément à Mets, en la grant église; et y fuit bien le terme de VI sepmenne, ce qu'il n'avoit esté fait, passé plus de quarante ans.
Because of the mortality, which was severe and horrible in Metz, a wonderful general procession has been held the 18th day of May to the church Saint-Clément, with the relics of St Etienne and of St Liviés. St Clement's body has been brought to the church and stayed there for six weeks, a thing that did not happen since forty years.
People dies of a mortality in Metz, enduring hot temperatures in June.
Item, en la dite année, fit un très bel moix de jung, et sy très chalt con ne le poiot durer de chalt, et moroit on tousiours plus fort
This year, the weather in June has been clear and very hot, so that it was hardly possible to endure the heat. And people continued to die again and again.
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838, p. 272.
Mortality in Paris and all of Île-de-France from August to November, due to plague. The death toll is estimated to 40,000 persons in the region of Paris. This number is surely overrated by the chronicler, though the mortality has been important. It is said that the number of burials exceeded the capacities of cimeteries in Paris. Numerous religious processions have been organized during the outbreak.
En ladite année, es mois d'aoust et septembre, fut grande et merveilleuse chaleur, au moyen de laquelle s'en ensuivit grande mortalité de pestilence, et autres maladies, dont et de quoy il mourut tant en la ville, villages voisins, prévosté et vicomté de Paris, quarante mille créatures et mieux, entre lesquels y mourut maistre Arnoul, astrologien du roy, qui estoit fort homme de bien, sage et plaisant; aussi y mourut plusieurs médecins et offociers du roy en ladite ville de Paris. Et si grand nombre de créatures furent portées ensevelir et enterrer au cimetière des Saints-Innocents, en ladite ville de Paris, que tant des morts en ladite ville que de l'Hôtel-Dieu tout y fust remply: et fut ordonné que de là en avant on porteroit les mortsau cimetière de la Trinité, qui est et appartient à l'hostel de la ville de Paris. Et continua ladite mort jusques en la fin de novembre, que, pour faire cesser, et prier Dieu que ainsi il lui plut de la faire, furent faites de moult belles processions générales à Paris par toutes les paroisses et églises d'icelle, où furent portées toutes les chasses et saintes reliques, et mesmement les chasses de Nostre-Dame, de sainte Geneviève et saint Marcel; et mors cessa un peu ladite mort.
In the said year (1466), in the months of August and September, there was great and marvellous heat, which resulted in great mortality from pestilence and other diseases, from which and as a result of which forty thousand or more creatures died in the city, neighbouring villages, provostry and viscounty of Paris, including Maistre Arnoul, the king's astrologer, who was a very good man, wise and pleasant; several doctors and the king's offenders also died in the said city of Paris. And so many creatures were brought to be buried in the cemetery of the Saints-Innocents, in the said city of Paris, that both the dead of the said city and of the Hôtel-Dieu were all remply there: and it was ordered that from there forward the dead should be brought to the cemetery of the Trinité, which is and belongs to the hostel of the city of Paris. And the said death continued until the end of November, when, in order to put an end to it, and to pray to God that it would please him to do so, many beautiful general processions were held in Paris by all the parishes and churches of the city, where all the dead and holy relics were carried, including the dead of Notre-Dame, Saint Geneviève and Saint Marcel; and the said death ceased a little.
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838
A procession is organized in Metz because of the plague.
Item, le XIIIe jour d'aoust, on fist une très belle procession généralle au grant mostiés, pour la pestillence qui coroit fort. Et alloit on quérir la vraie croix de saint Elloy au Chartrieux au pont Thieffroy [...] Et y fuit grant temps, jusques à tant que la pestilence fuit cessée.
Because of the pestilence, a procession has been held at the great church on the 14th of August, with the real cross of St Eloy brought from the carthusian monastery at the Thieffroy bridge [...] And it took a long time before the pestilence ceased.
Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4, p. 369.
700 deaths from the plague in Constantinopel per day
Una moría fu in questo anno, la quale fece danno assai in la città et in piano, zoè Castello Sam Piero, Budrio et Sam Zorze de piane; la quale era cominzata insino de l’anno 1464, facendo danno in qua et in là; et moriano persone più de tempo che de putti. Nota che in questo tempo Brunaza de Mathio di Brunazi habitava in Constantinopoli et scrisse che gli era sì grande la moria de pestilentia, che gli moriavano settecento persone el dì.
A plague occurred in this year (1467), which caused much damage in the city and in the countryside, namely Castello San Piero, Budrio, and San Giorgio di pianura. It had begun in the year 1464, causing harm here and there; and more adults died than children. Note that during this time, Brunaza di Mathio di Brunazi lived in Constantinople and wrote that the plague was so severe that seven hundred people were dying each day.
1467-00-00-Constantinopel# QUERYc25b1c9fba85b638d88a7de59646b6d5
Severe plague in Constantinopel, Adrianopel and Kallipolis and surroundings with tens of thousands of deaths
In the summer of the same year, the plague overwhelmed Constantinople, Adrianople, Kallipolis, and the immediate castles, towns, and villages. No outbreak of such intensity had occurred for many years. They say that tens of thousands, not merely thousands, of human beings perished; among the casualties was the daughter of the despot [Lord Demetrios].
1467-00-00-Constantinopel 001# QUERY28b6ad2e7bf33e47160bec5e39f55b2a
Severe plague in Głogów, that came from the east
A.d. 1467 fuit magna pestilentia Glogoviae, et ista pestis veniebat ab oriente in oppositum priori pesti, et licet in civitatibus magna fuit, tamen in villis major, sic quod aliqui agri absque seminatione manserunt. In ista pestilential cuilibet seorsum pulsabatur tam in civitate quam in summo.
In autumn high mortality in Lichtensteig with 40 deaths
Item in dem jar 1467 was ain frü jahr und ward guter win. Ain demselbigen Jar ain herbst was der tod zu liechtenstäg; do sturbend by den fiertzig menschen.
Furthermore in the year was an early spring, resulting in good vine. But in autumn of the same year was a mortality in Lichtensteig and 40 people died.
1467-00-00-Lichtensteig# QUERYb3c30e64c0a003feefcfc8d1f611a42e
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480, p. 176.
The plague spread almost everywhere in Poland, stimulated by a warm winter
Epidimie peste regiones Polonie fere universe (ora tamen Pruthenica, Pomeranie, Russie et Masovie excepta) quam graviter vexate et fere per universum Polonie Regnum in vicis, urbibus atque villis, discursione mirabilis, dum nonnullas villa preteriret, ceteras inficeret, per nota et ignota capita late vis morbid pervagata est. Tractus enim celi infectior pestem longo durantem tempore, non quidem omnia pervadentem loca, sed hinc et hinc, et primum in urbes, deinde in vicos et rura se diffundentem causabat humiditate et inopia frugum. Singulis enim mensibus frequentes descendebant imbres, insuper et hiema calida et fere sine exemplo, cuius caliditas pestem vehemencius promovebat et usque in dies Quadregesimales produxerat, sub quibus propiciacione Divina quievit lues.
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480, p. 205.
An severe plague spread almost everywhere in Poland and caused many deaths
Annus hic in omnes fere regiones Regno Polonie subiectas, sed in regionem precipue Maioris Polonie, Masovie, Russie et Podolie, sed et in partem Slesie pestiferum epidimie virus usque in Ianuarium mensem diffundens multos mortales extinxit et plures villas et opida in solitudinem redegit. Annone insuper caritas regiones Polonicas pervaserat, pervasura amplius, nisi plures homines pestilencia absumpsisset. Eam insuper multitude murium adiuvabat, qui sive ex hieme calida et sicca nullas nives et paucos imbres fundente sive ex constellacione celesti adeo ebuliverant, ut frugibus, que in horreis condebantur, demolitis, in agros decurrerent et hiemalia frumenta in superficie et radice delerent.
Template:Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen, p. 33.
Plague with a high mortality in Memmingen
1467: Dieses Jahr regierte hier der Todt (so nenneten es die Alten) das ist die Pest. Hub an S. Veitstag an den 15. Junij. Es flohen die Reichen vnd viel Volcks hinauß vnd sturben doch einen Tag über 3 oder 4 Personen nicht. An S. Andreas Tag höret es aufff vnd kam man auf Weyhnachten wiederhum herein.
This year death reigned here (as the ancients called it), that was the plague. It began on St Vitus' Day, 15 June. The rich and many people fled and more than 3 or 4 people died during the day. It stopped on St Andrew's Day and came back around Christmas.
Although the harvest promised to be rich in the land of Prussia, there was hardly anyone who could bring it in when the harvest was supposed to start in August. A great plague had infested the land so that all places were to large parts or completely deserted.
Das erste jar do nu der libe fride nach vilen und langen jaren wider ins lant Preussen kommen was, lis got gar ein fruchtbar kornreich jar werden, desgleichen lange zceit keins war gewesen, das es jederman davor hielt, diser milde und reiche herbest wurde fast allen kommer der vorgangenen durfftigkeit zcum mehrer teil auffheben und wegknemen. [...] Da man nu augusten adir erndten solt, sihe, da kompt eine erschreckliche mortliche pestilentz, die sich ins gantze lant die qwyr und die lenge, ausbreittet und durchwütet schlosse, stette, flecke, dorffer, ecker und awen, dermassen das hernachmals der viele, etliche zcum grossen teyll, etliche gantz und gar ausgestorben, verfallen vorwustet und vorwildert sein, bis auff den heuttigen tag, wie das im gantzen lande augenschenlich zcu besehen ist; also da das volck an allen enden mit grossen hauffen hingefallen was, bleib das libe getreide, daran got sein lust het sehen mugen, hin und her im felde stehen, und was niemant, der erndtet, und einfuret.
The first year, when after many and long years peace had come back to the land of Prussia, God let it become a fruitful corn year, such as had not been for a long time, so that everytbody thought, this mild and rich harvest was going to take away almost all the grief of the previous drought. [...] Now, when the harvest should start in August, there comes a terrible mortal pestilence, which spreads throughout the whole country, spreading and ransacking castles, towns, villages, fields and floodplains, so that afterwards many of them were - some to a great extent, some completely - extinct, forfeited and overgrown up tp the present day, as can be seen in the whole country. Thus, since the people at all ends fell to build great heaps, the good grain, in which God would have seen his pleasure, remained standing back and forth in the field, and there was no one to harvest and bring it in.
Procession because of plague in Frankfurt.
Anno 1467 2 octobris habebatur valde venerabilis processio pro pestilentia.
On October 2, 1467, a very venerable procession was held for the plague.
11 thousand people died of the plague in Augsburg
1467: Caeterum a festo S. Galli praesentis anni usque ad diem sanctorum apostolorum Simonis et Judae sequentis anni undecim milia hominum per civitatem Augstburgensem peste periisse, in acta relatum est.
After a severe plague in Parma, the doctors were blamed for the deaths and were arrested.
Eodem anno in Lombardia in civitate Parma non parva sed horrida viguit pestis cui nunquam simile audisse, necaudire credo. Nulla caritas, nullus amor in Parmensibus erat, sed omnis inhumanitas & crudelitas in eis regnabat. […] Per urbes subiratores officialium libant, & si pauperum porcos reperiebant illos interficiebant & vendebant. Ex dictarum cranium procinarum comestione magno regnate calido, prout regnabat, mille hominess interfecti perierunt. Cum ergo regnat pestis tanquam mortem porcinis fugite carnes. Cessante epidemia medici, qui pestilentiatis [p. 183] medebantur ab officialibus detenti & incarcerate fuerunt illisque imputabant mille latrocinia & homicidia commissa & pecunias quas cum magno labore & periculo lucrati fuerant eis eripuerunt.
Historiae Parmensis fragmenta, col. 752.
Grande fu la pestilenza in Parma, e quasi fu abbandonata la Città, nella quale nacque sulla piazza e per le strade l'herba, come in campagna.
Great was the pestilence in Parma, and the city was almost abandoned, in which the herba was born on the square and in the streets, as in the countryside.
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim, p. 271.
Many people, including Bishop Cascant, died of a fever in Valencia.
En lo mes de setembre, fins en lo mes de deembre, en Valencia, e dos legues en torn, foren tantes febres que mes heren los malalts que no los sans. En moriren de les dites febres, entre los quals moriren los segu[e]nts: Mori lo bisbe Cascant […] e molta altra gent que moriren de les febres dintre sis messes.
In the month of September, until the month of December, in Valencia, and two leagues in turn, there were so many fevers that hurt the sick more than the healthy. They died of the said fevers, among which the following died: Bishop Cascant died [...] and many other people who died of fevers within six masses.
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt with people fleeing to Gelnhausen.
Anno 1468 umb sanct Mathaei tag ist ein groß sterben alhier gewesen, daß der merer teil geschlechter und burger nacher Gelnhausen geflohn seid.
In the year 1468, on Saint Matthew's Day, there was a great dying here, so much so that the majority of families and citizens fled to Gelnhausen.
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89, p. 114.
Plague with many deaths in Cyprus
In addition, a great plague struck in 1470 and lasted for two and a half years. Besides, three parts of the island died, and the island remained devastated.
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838, p. 295
En ladite année fut mortalité commune et universelle par la pluspart dudit royaume, de maladie de flux de ventre et autres maladies; à cause de quoy plusieurs gens de façon moururent en ladite ville de Paris et ailleurs
In this year, a universal mortality broke out in much parts of the kingdom, that affected people with bellyache and other symptoms of disease. Several important persons died in Paris and elsewhere.
An unspecific epidemic in Thuringia and all over Germany in the context of the drought years 1471-1473
Anno 1472 hat man zween grosse schreckliche Cometen in Germania gesehen, Darnach sind erfolget drey sehr durre iahr vnd vnfruchtbare, pestilentz vnd sehr viel blutvergiessens. Vnd schreiben die Historien schreiber, das von wegen grosser hitze vnd durre, die wälde sich entzundet, die wasser vertrocknet, das man auch in Vngern durch die Tonaw hatt waten konnen.
In the year 1472, two great and terrifying comets were seen in Germany. Following this, there were three very dry and infertile years, marked by pestilence and a great deal of bloodshed. Historians write that due to the intense heat and drought, forests caught fire, waters dried up, and it was even possible to wade through the river Danube in Hungary.
Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 297–298
A plague in the Tatar army of Tsar Akhmet fighting against the Muscovite troops on the Oka River
[6980] человѣколюбець бог, милюяи poд xpистияньски, посла и cмертноносную язву нa Tatapъ, начашa бo напpacнo yмирати мнози в полцѣ их, и убоaвшеся бѣгу яшacя.
1472 The God who loves people, loving the Christian race, sent a deadly disease against the Tartars, because suddenly many of them began to die in their army, and being frightened, they fled.
Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 243.
A plague in the Tatar army of Tsar Akhmet fighting against the Muscovite troops on the Oka River.
[6980] [1] человѣколюбець Богъ, милюяи poдъ xpистiяньскыи, посла и cмертноносную язву нa Tatapъ, начашa бo напpacнo yмирати мнози въ полцѣ ихъ, и убоaвшеся бѣгу яшacя.
1472, July, 30 (or later) The God who loves people, loving the Christian race, sent a deadly disease against the Tartars, because suddenly many of them began to die in their army, and being frightened, they fled.
Item en ycelle année, il fist ung yver pluvioux et ne gellit presque point ; et molroit on ung poc de la pest et des aprison.
In this year (1472), the winter has been very wet and with almost no frost. And few people died of the pest and of fever.
Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884, p. 218-219.
Procession because of mortality, drought and peace in Frankfurt.
Anno 1473 9 augusti was eine procession vor den schnellen todt, auch vor ein regen wegen durrer hitzigen zit. niemands lebendiges in diesen landen gedacht eine solche ubermesige heise zit, und regnet nicht, also daß die truben an den stöcken fast alle verwelket und verdorben; auch vor einem gemeinen frieden, wann der herzog von Burgund Niemägen und andere stätte gewann. und (p. 219) weret das sterben per menses julium und augustum, und starb viel volks, doch mer männer den frawen.
In the year 1473, on August 9th, there was a procession against sudden death, as well as for rain during a dry and hot period. No one living in these lands remembered such an excessively hot time, with no rain, causing the grapes on the stalks to wither and spoil almost entirely. Also, for a common peace, when the Duke of Burgundy conquered Nijmegen and other places. And there was dying for months, July and August, and many people died, mostly men than women.
A Polish-Bohemian force fought against Wrozław in 1474, but they died of polluted air and of thirst.
Der Bresler Feinde waren alle Elemente entgegen und zuwider; die Luft wahr ihnen vergiftet, dass sie ohne Zahl dahin fielen; das Wasser verschwandt und gefror zu Grunde [...] das Erdreich war so fest gefroren, dass sie ihre Todten nicht begraben möchten.
The enemies of Wrocław were opposed by all the elements; the air was poisoned so that they fell without number; the water disappeared and froze into the ground [...] the ground was frozen so solid that they could not bury their dead.
Daniel Gomolcke, Beschreibung derer grossen Theuerungen etc. (Breslau 1737), p. 9.
A drought in 1474 was followed by a great inflation and hunger as well as by a terrible pestilence which lasted from the feast of St John (June 24) 1474 until Shrove Tuesday (February 22) 1475.
A. 1474 ist ein so heisser und dürrer Sommer gewesen, dass sich die Wälder entzündet, die Saat verdorrte im Felde, davon entstunde erstlich eine grosse Theurung, und Hungers-Noth; darzu kam eine erschrockliche Pestilentz, diese währete von Yohanne an, biss auf Fast-nacht, da seynd die Leuthe plötzlich auf denen Gassen niedergefallen, und gestorben.
In 1474 there was such a hot and dry summer that the forests were set on fire, the seeds withered in the fields, and from this arose first of all a great drought and famine; then came a terrible pestilence, which lasted from the feast of St John until Shrove Tuesday, when the people suddenly fell down in the streets and died.
Daniel Gomolcke, Fortsetzung der Wasser-Historie in Ober- und Nieder-Schlesien (Breslau 1736), p. 46.
Locusts destroyed many crops in Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia and Lusatia and caused a mortal disease among the pigs.
A. 1475 haben die Heuschrecken in Böhmen, Schlesien und Mähren, auch Laussnitz alle Garten-Früchte aufgefressen, und liessen einen grässlichen Gestanck hinter sich, erregten auch unter denen Schweinen, so selbe frassen, eine Seuche daran sie sturben.
In 1475, the locusts in Bohemia, Silesia and Moravia as well as in Lusatia ate up all the garden crops, leaving behind them a terrible stink, and also caused an epidemic among the pigs that ate them, from which they died.
A plague ravages in Görlitz and Bautzen and kills many friars.
Item anno domini 1479 simili modo pestis ingwinaria in Görlitcz multos de terra rapuit et precipue de conventu Gorliczensi decem fratres sed de conventu Budissinensi viginti fratres.
Likewise, in the year of our Lord 1479, a similar plague or epidemic in Görlitz seized many from the land, especially from the Görlitz convent, where ten brothers died, but from the Bautzen convent, twenty brothers.
Anno 1482 pestilentia epidemica Francofordiam graviter afflixit.
In the year 1482, an epidemic plague severely afflicted Frankfurt.
A mortality breaks out in Metz in April. People first loose their senses, then recover after 3-4 days, then die.
Item, en la dite année, on mois d'apvril, ons commensont fort à mourir de chaulde maladie. Et devenoient les gens vairs; et ne savoient qu'ilz disoient, de force de la dite maladie; et au chiefz de III ou IIII jours, revenoient à leurs entendement; et tantost après, les plusieurs mouroient.
In this year, in April, people began to die of a "hot" disease. They first became green (?) and lost their reason. They recovered after 3 or 4 days, but soon after they died.
Item, le VIIe jour du mois de may, nos seigneurs firent faire une procession générale à Saint-Clément [...] Laquelle procession fut ordonnée pour deux choses; la première pour la guerre, et la seconde pour la mortalité, car on commensoit fort à mourir de la peste
Our lords organized a procession on the 7th of May at the chruch of Saint-Clément. I has been decided for two reasons. Fisrtly because of the war, and secondly because of the mortality. Yet, people began to die of pestilence.
Plague in Frankfurt and 1000 people dead.
Anno eodem (1482) umb Laurentii hubs an zu sterben, werd biß fasten strenglich. Storben uber tausent menschen.
In the same year (1482), mortality started to rise around St. Lawrence's and continued with force until Lent. More than a 1000 people died.
Plague in Frankfurt and a procession.
Anno 1482 war ein proceßion contra pestem uf decollationis Johannis, darin waren 101 schuler von unser lieben Frawen schul, von der Leonhardsschul 81, von der Pharschulen 126, Barfüsermünch 22, Prediger 35, Carmeliter 30, alle weltliche pfaffen und der ganz rat.
In the year 1482, there was a procession on 29 August, there were 101 pupils of the school of Our Lady, 81 from the St. Leonhard's school, 126 from the parish's school, 22 Franciscan monks, 25 Dominicans, 30 Carmelites and all the secular clergy and the whole city council.
Death of Duke Wilhelm of Saxony in Weimar from plague.
Anno Eodem (1482) Ist Hertzog Wilhelm, […] zu Weimar an der pestilentz gestorben, am tage Lamperti.
In the same year (1482), Duke Wilhelm (of Saxony), [...], died of the plague in Weimar on the feast day of St. Lambert.
Great mortality and famine in Thuringia's neighbouring countries and the citizens of Erfurt fear they might be affected in the future and organize a procession to prevent this.
Als man schreib noch Christi gebort vnser hern Tusent vierhundert vnnd drye vnnd achczigk, An deme fritage vor sant Johans tage baptisten, Do hatte der erßame vnnd wiße rath zu Erffort bestalt zu gehene eyne lobeliche erliche processien vmme dye stadt Erffort Vmme sunderlicher bethe willen eyns iglichen menschen, zu bethen vnnd zu loben den almechtigen ewigen got, das her de jn woner der erlichen stadt Erffort vnnd ouch andere frome luthe behute wolde vor dem gremmigen tode, ader hunger, ader pestilencien, vnnd dye fruchte uff deme feld. Sunderlichen jn disser zit ist groß sterben gewest jn fele landen vmme heer, ane jn Erffort vnnd jm lande zu Doringen alleyne. Also besorgte sich dye stad Erffort, eß mochte ouch zu on kome.
In the year of our Lord 1483, on the Friday before St. John's day, the honourable council of Erfurt decided to organize a procession around the city for extraordinary praying of all people. The Lord Almighty should be petitioned and blessed so he would protect the honest inhabitants of Erfurt and other just people from the grim reaper, or famine, or pestilence, and save the crops in the fields. In this time, there was a great mortality in all neighbouring countries, but not in Thuringie and Erfurt itself. So the city of Erfurt worried, they might be next.
Item, le second jour de jullet, on fit une procession généralle à St-Arnoult [...]. Et la cause d'icelle procession fut pour troix raixons, le première en remerciant Dieu de la belle année et de la fertillité des biens de terre qu'il nous avoit envoyés, luy priant de les amender; la seconde, luy priant qu'il ly pleut à cesser son ire, pour le fait de la pestillance qui alors couroit trè fort en la cité et au pays; et la tierce, en luy requérant qu'il noz voulust donner victoire encontre nous ennemis, par especial contre ceux de Rechiesmont, où que la cité tenoit le siège.
The 2nd of July was held a procession at St-Arnoult church [...] There was three reasons for this procession. First, to thank God for the fruitful year we had and to ask Him to keep agricultural goods safe. Secondly, to ask Him to stop his wrath, because of the pestilence that ravaged the city and the countryside. Third, to ask Him to give us victory against our enemies, especially concerning the siege of Richemont.
Mortality because of plague in Metz.
Item, on mouroit tousiours fort en Mets de la peste, tellement que tous les seigneurs et dames s'en allont en leurs chastelleries de dehors.
The mortality was still strong in Metz because of the pestilence. So that lords and ladies of high ranks fled to their castles in the countryside.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 362.
Pestilence in Sweden. Only in Stockholm, 15.000 people fall victim to the plague.
Item, eodem tempore viguit pestilencia in Suecia et maxime Holmis, ita quod famabatur, ut xv milia obierunt hominum ex sola civitate Stokholmensi.
Furthermore, at the same time, a plague epidemic was raging in Sweden and especially in Stockholm; and it was so severe that it was rumoured that 15,000 people died in the city of Stockholm alone.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, p. 417.
A mortality strikes Magdeburg and the surroundings, higher social strata and young women particularly affected.
Im selben jar (1484) war auch hir gros sterben, war ein landtsterben, und fing an umb Jacobi und werhete bis auf Michaelis. In diesem sterben storben viel vornehmer leut und sonderlich viel jungfrawen. Andere schreiben, dis sterben hab angefangen umb pfingsten und gewerhet bis Martini.
In the same year (1484) there was a great dying here, and throughout the country. It began around St James' Day and ended on St Michael's Day. Many noble people and especially many young women died as a result of this plague. Others wrote that the deaths began around Pentecost and lasted until St Martin's Day.
Annales Glogovienses, in: Script. rer. Siles., vol 10, ed. Markgraf (1877), p. 46.
In 1484 a great plague raged in Głogów, in Lower Silesia from the feast of St Sixtus (August 6) to the advent of the Lord (December).
A(nno) d(omini) 1484 exorta est pestis magna in Glogovia, qualis non fuit per multos annos nec habetur in memoria hominum, et incepit circa festum Sixti et duravit usque ad adventum domini; et in ista peste mortui sunt homines parvi et magni, in summo sepulti sunt 332, qui obierunt in summo, in arena, in piscatia, in strata lapidea, sed in civitate mortui sunt sine numero, qui sepulti sunt apud s. Joannem, Nicolaum, cruciferos et apud monachos et alibi.
Sara Risberg, Kirsi Salonen, and Riksarkivet. ''Auctoritate Papae: The Church Province of Uppsala and the Apostolic Penitentiary 1410-1526''. Acta Pontificum Suecica 2. Stockholm 2008, p. 293
The Swedish laymen Magnus “Pigerii” (perhaps Birgersson), the servant of the knight Åke from the diocese of Strängnäs, dies of the plague in 1486 in Åkerö. Earlier, Magnus had been attacking Nicolaus Finvidi, a cleric from the diocese of Linköping in Kalmar who, in order to defend himself, had thrown a stone at Magnus. Even though Magnus confirmed on his deathbed Nicolaus’ innocence, Magnus’ relatives obtained that Nicolaus was summoned to appear in court. This penitential issued in Rome in 1486 by regent Julianus, bishop of Bertinoro, refers the case to the local bishop and authorizes him to declare Nicolaus innocent.
Et deinde post aliquot septimanas, antequam ex peste epidemica ibidem tactus nature sue debitum persolvisset, denuo in ultimis suis similiter inquisitus dictum exponentem illius mortis causam minime fuisse neque esse dixit et excusavit.
And then after some weeks, before he had paid his debt by nature, touched there by an epidemic pestilence, again, in his last words, he [= Magnus] was similarly investigated and said that there was no reason for that death, and he apologized.
An epidemic of properieulle breaks out in Metz, affecting five sixth of the children and many young adults.
Item, en celle année, rengnait et fut ung grand cours de la maladie con dit Properieulle, et sy fort qu'il n'y avoit mie, de VI ainffans, ung qui ne l'eust. Et, avec ce, y avoit beaucop de gens de XX ans, ou environ yceluy eaige, que l'avoient, dont on disoit que c'estoit signe d'avoir une grant mortalité.
This year the so-called 'properieulle' disease broke out so strongly that five sixth of every children were affected. On top of that, a lot of people aged around 20 years old get it too, and it was said that this was a sign of great mortality to come.
While the weather in May is cold and wet, people are affected by severe cough.
Aprilis et Mayus fuerunt pluviosi et aquatici; fuit Mayus frigidus et regnavit tussis in gentibus.
April and May have been rainy and wet; May have been cold and people coughed a lot.
Misdated arrival of syphilis to Europe in 1490 predating the presumed arrival to Europe in 1493 in the context of the Columbian Exchange; the new disease is interpreted as an apolcalyptic sign.
Anno eodem (1490) Ist eine neuwe kranckheit die Frantzosen, von ettlichen aber die Hispanische seuche genant, aufKomen, vnd wie man sagt, sie ist aus den newgefundenen Inseln in occidente in Europam gebracht. Ist eins von den grossen zeichen vor dem Jungsten tage.
IIn the same year (1490), a new illness has arisen called the French (diseasee), by some called the Spanish sickness, and as it is said, it has been brought from the newly discovered islands in the west to Europe. It is one of the great signs before the Last Judgment.
While the summer weather has been outstandingly dry and hot, a lot of people suffer from a disability called glene, that kills men, women and children.
Viguit infirmitas, quam glene vocamus, mirabiliter, ita quod multi homines, mulieres et pueri ex infirmitate illa, tam in villa Lugduni quam per patriam obierunt.
A disability spread wonderfully, that is called 'glene'. So that a lot of men, women and children died from this disease in Lyon and elsewhere in the region.
Pestis letalis, que dicitur epidimia, in dicta villa Lugduni, in mense Junii, incepit vigere, adeo quod rex, regina et ceteri principes villam exierunt. Rex, regina, domini duces Aurelianis, Borbonii et ducissa Borbonii iverunt apud Viennam et a Vienna ad Valenciam Dalphinam.
A deadly plague, named epidemia, broke out in the city of Lyon in June, so that the King, the Queen and other prominent persons fled away from the city. The King with the Queen and the Duke and the Duchess of Bourbon went to Vienne, and then from Vienne went to Valence.
Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne, pp. 490-491
A plague affects the city and the surrounding region. Processions are organized to prevent massive death.
Illis diebus (beginning of August), quia pestis vigebat in certi locis Leodii et circumquaque, et populus timens eam, sicut communi proverbio, ut post guerras et famem communiter sequitur mortalitas, quas idem populus , proh dolor, dolorose expertus, tanquam in navicula fluctuanti navigans, ne in fluctibus undarum procelle pestis demergatur, ad Doinum Creatorem omnium ejusque Matrem omnium criminum ablutricem, omnesque sanctos, tanquam a Dominus pro nobis intercessores, pro corde converus est, ejusque interventu misse speciales in omnibus ecclesiis parochialibus sut celebrate, quique diebus continuis, atque processiones cum delatione Venerabilis Sacramenti, sanctorum sanctarumque imaginum ac aliarum raliquiarum, subsequente popula utriusque sexus devotissime ardentes candelas in manibus gestante, illis diebus quibus fiebant, totam per civitatem processiones, et hoc paulo post, videlicet vicesima tertia septembris.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming: ''Svenska medeltidens rimkrönikor'' 3. Stockholm 1867–1868, p. 123. col. 3561–3571
Fire, storm, and plague hit Stockholm in 1495, killing up to 7,000 people and counting. The plague did not only affect the city but ravaged the whole Kingdom of Sweden
eeldh storm pestilencia och ryzer akth – laatha nw alla see thera makth – eeldin stormar mz storan heetta – stokholms män faa thz sörgeligha weetta – öffuer södhermalm och östan mwr – flygher eeldin som eeth wr – och mangha haffua thz sporth – huru thz bran fraa gramunka gränd och in tiil norra porth – vii tusendh och än flere – i stokholm aff pestilencia dogho och än meere – och saa fasth öffuer sweriges riike
fire, storm, pestilence and Russians act - now let everyone see their force - the fire storms with great heat- Stockholm's men get the sorrowful news – over Södermalm and the eastern wall - the fire flies like heavy wind – and many have it seen - how it burned from Gråmunka lane and into the northern port - seven thousand and even more - in Stockholm of pestilence died and even more - and so over the kingdom of Sweden
Medeltida avskrifter: avskr. papp. Odat. nr 133, RA 0102
Letter of the brother Torsten Johansson of Vadstena monastery to an unnamed “frater amantissime paterque et domine religiose” reporting about plague deaths in Vadstena
The Russians have invaded Finland. Karelia and a large part of Uusimaa have been ravaged. The plague has claimed victims in Vadstena monastery, and a fire has ravaged a study room at the beginning of the winter with severe losses of printing equipment, books, etc. as a result
Medeltida avskrifter: avskr. papp. Odat. nr 133
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 388
The lay brother Henrik Magnusson dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey
Item, xi die mensis Septembris, que erat feria sexta infra octavas nativitatis Marie virginis, obiit frater Henricus Magni laicus, anno a professione sua xvi. Obiit ex pestilentia.
Furthermore, on 11 September, the Friday of the octave of the Virgin Mary's nativity [8 September], the lay brother Henrik Magnusson died in the sixteenth year after his consecration. He died of the plague.
The nun Sister Birgitta dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey
Item, xii die mensis Septembris obiit soror Birgitta filia Iohannis Vinther consulis Sudhercopensis, ex pestilentia, anno sue professionis secundo
Furthermore, on 12 September, Sister Birgitta, daughter of the councillor Hans Vinter from Söderköping, died of the plague in the second year after her inauguration.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 391
The Sister Margareta Ottadottir dies of the plague in Vadstena Abbey
Item, in xxv die mensis Septembris obiit soror Margareta Ottadottir focariaetiam ex pestilentia, anno sue professionis, seu receptionis, xlvii.
Furthermore, on 25 September, the cook, Sister Margareta Ottesdotter, also died of the plague, in the forty-seventh year after her inauguration or admission.
Claes Gejrot: ''Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar''. Stockholm 1996, p. 390
Severe plague in almost all of Sweden
Item, isto anno viguit quasi per totam Sueciam magna pestilentia.
Furthermore, that year a severe pestilence ravaged almost all of Sweden.
Outbreak of syphilis in Frankfurt and moral argumentation.
Infirmitas quae mala Francosa dicitur ad Alemanniam pervenit multosque homines utriusque sexus permultum afflixit et hoc propter peccata hominum. Dicebaturque in proverbio: (p. 66) Nuw gewandt nuw schandt / nuw fündt nuw sundt / nuwe schwor und spott / nuw strafplag von gott.
The illness known as the French disease reached Germany and afflicted many people of both sexes greatly, and this was because of the sins of men. It was said in a proverb: New garment, new disgrace / New finds, new sin / New vows and mockery / New punishment by God.
Plague in Zittau during summertime kills 3.000 people
Anno salutis 1496 pestifera hic viguit mortalitas et quasi tria milia hominum, ut fama erat, perierunt, et hoc tempore estivali.
In the year of salvation 1496, a deadly plague prevailed here, and as the rumor had it, almost three thousand people perished, and this during the summer season
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 292.
A friar priest dies in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague
1496 tempore pestis obiit fr. Silvester Beheme Sacerdos.
In the year 1496 the friar Silvester Beheme died during a time of plague.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, pp. 292-293
A friar dies in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague
1496 tempore pestis obiit fr. Jeronimus molitoris sacerdos. Eodem die obiit fidelis famulus monasterii qui ambo sepulti sunt in uno sepulcro in cimiterio fratrum et nomen dicti famuli fuit paulus tagelöner. Requiescant ambo in pace Jhesu cristi Amen.
In the year 1496, during the time of the plague, Brother Hieronymus Müller, a priest, died. On the same day, the faithful servant of the monastery also died, and both were buried in a single grave in the cemetery of the brothers. The name of the said servant was Paulus Tagelöner. May both rest in peace. Amen.
An epidemic breaks out in Lyon and in Sain-Bel.
Epidimia, illo anno, viguit in villa Lugduni et pluribus locis patrie Lugdunensis et maxime in villa Sancti-Belli.
An epidemic affected this year the city of Lyon and its surrounding area, especially the city of Saint-Bel.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 269.
A Franciscan priest from Görlitz dies during an outbreak of plague
1497 tempore pestis obiit fr. Baltazar Börger Sacerdos hic sepultur.
In 1497 during an outbreak of plague died frater Baltazar Börger, a priest, and was buried here.
A procession is organized in Metz to prevent the city against an epidemic of rubeola and properieulle (?). Mortality among children and adults.
Item, le mercerdy des festes de la Pentecotte, qui fut le VIe jour de jung, on fit une procession générale [...] en priant Dieu que voloit garder les biens de la terre, et garder la cité et le pays de guerre, et les corps humains de pestillence. Car tous les einffans devenoient mallades et de rougerieulle et de la propérieulle, et en mouroit beaucop, et morut des grans gens aussy.
On Wenesday after the Pentecost, the 6th of June, was held a procession [...] praying God to keep safe the agricultural goods, to prevent the country of the war, and human bodies of pestilence. Every children became actually sick with 'rougerieulle' and 'properieulle', and a lot of them died, as did some adult too.
Mortality in Metz during the summer. The members of the city council, who fled away from the city, take some measures to ensure the continuity of their duties.
Item, en ycelle année, pourtant que on mouroit fort en la cité, tous lez seigneurs de la cité estoient dehors en leurs forteresses, et n'y avoit que cuicquonques trèses demeurés en la cité; et furent les adjournés et entrées cessées, et ausy les plaits de la court des clercs. Touteffois, pourtant que plusieurs complainctes venoient journellement a messeigneur les trèses de plusieurs querelles, ilz ordonnont de donner audiance tous les jours, pour choses nécessaires. Et tenoient lor audiance et lor entrée en l'aitrie Saint-Girgonne, et ne lassoient venir devant eulx, à la foy, que deux parties, et les déterminoient incontinent. Et y avoit tousiours II ou III sargens pour faire tirer les gens errière, et pour faire taire les gens qui parloient troup hault, autour et dedant la dite aitrie, affin de mieulx oyr et entendre ceulx qui estoient devant justice. Item, ad cause d'icelle mortalité, affin que les gens ne se frémissent, fut ordonne par messeigneurs de justice que, quant il y avoit aucune personne morte en la cité, que on ne meetit nulles torches aux huxes devant les maisons.
In this year, while the mortality was so great in the city, the rulers of the council of the Thirteen fled in their manors in the countryside. It remained no one of the Thirteen within the walls. Subsequently, all meetings and entries ceased, as well as the trials at the clerics court. However, since some cases remained to be solved every day, they commanded that hearings should be held before the cloister of Saint-Girgonne. They let come to them only two people and gave their sentences immediately. Two or three sergeants were always there to prevent people moving forward and to keep everybody in silence during the audiences. Because of this mortality, it has been forbidden by the council, in order not to frighten people, to put candles in front of doors when someone die in the city.
An mortality of pigs breaks out in the Lyonnais and in the Forez.
In mense Februarii, illo anno, fuit magna pestillencia porcorum in pluribus tam patrie Forensis quam Lugdunensis locis.
In February of that year (1500), a great pestilence affected pigs in several places of the Lyonnais and of the Forez.
Eodem anno (1502) fuit generalis processio cleri et populi cum venerabili sacramento propter epidemiam (Acta).
In this year (1502), there was a general procession of clergy and people with the venerable sacrament due to the epidemic (Acta).
A year of good harvests is also characterized by epidemic mortality.
Anno 1507 Regiert ein pestilentzisch sterben an vielen orten, vdn war gleich wol ein solches wolfeiles iahr, das der acker mehr kostet zu ehren vnd bawen, den man gelds aus verkauffung der fruchte losen kunt.
In the year 1507, a pestilential death reigned in many places, and yet it was such a year of bountiful harvests that the cost of cultivating and planting the fields exceeded the money that could be gained from selling the crops.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 297.
A plague hits in Görlitz kills friars, priests and more than 4000 common people
Anno domini 1508 decem fratres in illo conventu obierunt in peste et unus famulus et decem seculares sacerdotes et ex communi populo utriusque sexus ultra quatuor milia hominum per estatem.
In the year of our Lord 1508, ten brothers in that convent died in the plague, as well as one servant, ten secular priests, and from the common people of both sexes, more than four thousand individuals during the summer.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 281.
A deacon and Franciscan friar dies in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague.
Anno domini 1508 obiit fr. Michael Grod dyaconus tempore pestis hic sepultus.
In the year of our Lord 1508 during an outbreak of plague died frater Michael Grod, a deacon, and was buried here.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 284.
A sevrvant of the friar's convent in Görlitz dies during an outbreak of plague.
1508 obijt famulus conventus fidelis Jorge scholtze in peste.
In the year 1508, the servant Jörg Schultze died in the plague.
A priest and a lay brother die in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague.
1508 obijt devotus religiosusque pater ac frater Johannes sculteti senior et conventus discretus in peste [...] 1508 obiit fr. Caspar laicus in peste.
In the year 1508, the devout and religious father and brother Johannes Sculteti, the elder, and the discreet convent, died in the plague [...] In 1508, Brother Caspar, a layman, died in the plague..
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 285.
Two more people die in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague.
1508 obijt fr. nicolaus pistoris predic. et confes. in peste. Sequenti die obiit utilis frater Cristoferus laicus etiam in peste.
In the year 1508 the friar Nikolaus Becker, a preacher and confessor, died from plague. The next day, the lay brother Christopher died from plague.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 287.
A Franciscan deacon diese in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague.
1508 obijt fr. Jeronimus Jungenickel dyaconus in peste.
In the year 1508 the friar Nikolaus Becker, a deacon, died from plague.
Kalendarium Necrologium FOM 1839, p. 288.
A priest dies in Görlitz during an outbreak of plague.
1508 obijt fr. raphael zelis sacerdos in peste.
In the year 1508 the friar Raphael zelis, a priest, died from plague.
A novice of the friars in Görlitz dies from plague
1508 obijt fr. Martinus piliatoris novicius in poest.
In the year 1508 the friar Martin piliatoris, a novice, died from plague.
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869, p. 421
In the year 1516, there was an epidemic here.
A mortality in Erfurt leads to the creation of mass graves. A drunk beggar unvoluntarly spends a night in the massgrave of the Canons Regular's church (Reglerkirche).
Vmb Michaelis hub sichs an, vnd ward ein groß sterben. Es storben die leute an der Pestilentz, das man zu den Regelern 16 Cörper auf einen Tag auf ein mal einlegte, da hatte man ein viereckicht loch gemacht auf den Regelern kirchof, das legte man (p. 230) des nachts mit bretern zu, das war ein bettler Hieß Schuch, der war auf einen tag vol, vnd fellet durch die dielen auf die todten, liegt die nacht drinnen. Des morgens da er erwacht, greift er vmb sich, hebt an zu wimmerleichen, da wollten die leute nicht ander wehnen, es were ein todter wieder lebendig worden, vnd gieng niemand hinbey, biß das es 9 schlug des morgents, da sie darnach dazu komen, da war es der grund schalck Schuch der bettler.
Around Michaelmas 1517, it began, and a great dying occurred. People died of the plague so much so that 16 bodies were placed each day in the mass graves of the Reglerkirche. They had made a square hole in the graveyard of the church, and at night they covered it with planks. There was a beggar named Schuch, who was drunk one day and fell through the boards onto the dead, spending the night there. When he woke up in the morning, he grabbed around him, started to whimper, and people would believe a dead had turned alive. Nobody came close until 9 o'clock in the morning, and when they came to see, it was indeed the notorious beggar Schuch.
Outbreak of plague in Frankfurt accompanied by supplicatory processions during the election of Emperor Charles V. on 19 June 1519
Et occupavit saevissima pestis omnem Germaniam. Servata est in praesentia principum processio publica pro illo malo pellendo, quod per dei gratiam prospere cessit (Antiquitates) / Eodem anno occupavit sevissima pestis omnem Germaniam et Francofordiam quoque, ut publica sit habita processio hic in electione principum, deferente Alberto archiepiscopo Moguntino venerabile sacramentum (Acta).
And the most severe plague ravaged all of Germany. A public procession was held in the presence of the princes to ward off that evil, which by God's grace, successfully ceased (Antiquitates) / In the same year, the most severe plague afflicted all of Germany, including Frankfurt. A public procession was held here during the election of the princes, with Archbishop Albert of Mainz carrying the venerable sacrament (Acta).
A mortality in Leipzig makes the university move temporarily to Meissen. Chronological caveat: The mentioned rector of this university, Petrus Mosellanus, was in office 1520-1523.
Anno Eodem (1519) Hat man die hohe schuel von Leiptzig ein zeitlang gen Meissen transferiren musse, von wegen eines pestilentzischen sterbens, vnd ist geschehen zur zeit D. Petri Mosellani.
In the same year (1519), the university of Leipzig had to be temporarily transferred to Meißen due to a pestilential mortality, and this occurred during the time of Petrus Mosellanus (as rector).
An unknown epidemic, the sweating sickness or sudor anglicus follows a humid summer. Detailed description of symptoms and progression of the disease including countermeasures and victim numbers.
In diesem iahr (1529) ist ein sehr feuchter sommer gewesen, darauf ein hitzige pestilentz aus der feulung gefolget, die zuvorn in Deutschland vnerhort gewesen, hat man die Schweisssucht oder Engelendisch seuche genant, wie hernach folget. Es entstundt aus veschuldeter sundt vnd billichem zorn gottes, ein vnerhorte, neuw, erschreckliche plag vnd kranckheit, welche man die Engelendische sucht vnd kranckheit nennet, daran viel tausend menschen storben. Die menschen mit dieser plage behaftet, lagen etwa 24 stunde, ettliche minder wenig daruber so daran storben. Wer 24 stunde vberlebt, der kam gemeiniglich auf, die Kranckheit druckt den menschen gleich in einen tiefen schlaf. So man ihm dan nicht wehrete, mit rutteln, hin vnd her legen etc. auf das er nicht entschlief, so starb er dahin. Darumb wer genesen wolt, dem muste der schlaf in allwege gewehret werden.
In this year (1529), there was a very humid summer, followed by a fierce pestilence arising from the mists, which had never before been seen in Germany. It was called the sweating sickness or English disease, as follows. Arising from deserved sin and justifiable anger of God, there arose an unprecedented, new, terrifying plague and sickness, which is called the English sickness and disease, in which many thousands of people died. Those afflicted with this plague lay for about 24 hours, some less, some more, and those who died did so during that time. Whoever survived beyond 24 hours generally recovered; the sickness pressed people into a deep sleep. If they were not prevented from falling asleep, by shaking, turning them over, etc., so that they did not fall into a slumber, they died. Therefore, those who wanted to recover had to be prevented from sleeping at all costs.
A strange incident of stones thrown by an unknown person in the quarter of the weavers is followed by a plague in Erfurt.
Auf Johannis Baptistae hatts angefangen mit steinen zu werffen in der webergassen bey S. Andreas gantzer viii tage, vnd hat grosse steine geworffen bey zweien und dreyen pfunden vnd kleiner vber die heusser her am hellen tage, vnd hatt viel fenster ausgeworffen vnder den Tuchmachern, vnd hatt kein mensch kunt wissen wer es that oder gethan hatte. Der Rath zu Erffurd vnd die gemeine hat tapfer tag vnd nacht gewacht, es hatt nichts geholfen. Es hatt vnder die wechter geworffen, vnd man hatt die steine frey sehen niederfallen. Aber nicht gesehen, wo sie herkommen sindt. Darauf ist ein gross pestilentz gefolget.
On St. John the Baptist's Day (1530), it began with throwing stones in the Webergasse near St. Andreas Church for a full eight days, and large stones were thrown, some weighing two or three pounds or smaller, over the houses in broad daylight. Many windows were broken among the weavers, and no one knew who did it or had done it. The council of Erfurt and the community bravely kept watch day and night, but it was of no use. Stones were thrown among the guards, and people could see the stones falling freely. However, they could not see where they came from. After that, a great pestilence followed.
Auch war in diesem iahr (1540) ein sterben an der pestilentz in Erffurd im Sommer vnd Herbst vber, aber nicht fast sehr.
Also, in this year (1540), there was a dying from the pestilence in Erfurt during the summer and autumn, but not very severe.
Auch hatt es in diesem iahr (1541) abermal an der pestilentz in Erffurdt den Sommer vnd herbst vber gestorben. Aber eintzelen.
Also, in this year (1541), there was again a dying from the pestilence in Erfurt during the summer and autumn, but it was sporadic.
A plague in Erfurt leads to major mortality.
Nach Trinitatis hats zu Erffurd angefangen zu sterben vnd an der pestilentz sehr gestorben, vnd hat gewehret bis auf Luciae virginis vnd man hatt ihr zu den predigern 13 auf ein mal begraben, vnd zu S. Johans 10 auf ein mal, das ist das meiste gewest zu Erffurdt, vnd sindt vber die 4000 gestorben.
After Trinity Sunday (1542), the dying from the pestilence began in Erfurt and it was a severe mortality, lasting until St. Lucy's Day. Thirteen were buried at once at the Predigerkirche (OP), and ten at once at St. Johann's. That was the most at Erfurt, and over 4000 died.
A plague in Naumburg and Jena with major mortality
Auch ist in diesem iahr (1543) zu Naumburg groß sterben gewesen, vnd sind zur Naumburg 3000 Menschen daselbst begraben worden, vnd zu Jehna 1600.
Also, in this year (1543), there was a great dying in Naumburg, and 3000 people were buried there, and 1600 in Jena.
1543-00-00-Naumburg# QUERYc67efaf612d4a431ea2cec8dd19ab8a7
1543-00-00-Naumburg# QUERY1cfec11467b617acc99a16c6ab6febb7
An plague ravages in Erfurt. The mentioned Lutheran theologian Andreas Osiander died of the same disease in Königsberg.
Auch regierte in diesem iahr (1552) die Pestilentz abermal in Erffurdt. Andreas Osiander, der ein lesterlich bekentnis contra verbum Incarnatum hatt lassen ausgehen ist greuwlich dahin gestorben ohn bekentniß, ohn zeichen der bekehrung sine verbis.
Also, in this year (1552), the pestilence again prevailed in Erfurt. Andreas Osiander, who had issued a scandalous confession against the Incarnate Word, died terribly without confession, without any sign of conversion, wordlessly.
An plague ravages in Germany and all across Europe, but presumably also in Erfurt and surrounding Thuringia. The mentioned Lutheran theologian Andreas Osiander died of the same disease in Königsberg.
Anno 1563 wie auch im folgenden 1564. regiert ein grausame pestilentz schir durch gantz Europa furnemlich in Deutschlandt, das an manchem ort gantze Flecken vnd dörffer biß auf iij vj oder viij persohnen ausgestorben, vnd aus manchem Flecken so viel hingenohmen, das man nicht vermeinet hette, das so viel volcks vnd leute vberal darin gewesen were.
In the year 1563, as well as in the following 1564, a cruel pestilence ravaged throughout Europe, especially in Germany, causing entire hamlets and villages to be wiped out to the extent of three, four, or even eight persons. In many places, so many were taken away that it was not believed that so many people had been there at all..
A plague in Erfurt kills a larger number of people, 4000 inhabitants, including prominent clerics.
Nach Bartholomaei hatt zu Erffurdt die Pestilentz angefangen. Vnd ist in demselbigen sterben der pfarher zu S. Thomas, der pfarher im grossen Spittal, vnd der Caplan zu kaufmans kirchen, vnd der Caplan zu den Barfussern, Auch der pfarher zu den Regelern gestorben Vnd die pestilentz hatt gewehret biß nach dem newen iahr, da hatt sie aufgehöret. Vnd sind zu den Regelern 12 schock, zu den Barfussern 600, zu Kaufmanskirchen 550, zu S. Johans 440 gestorben, das man meinet, ihrer sindt in die 4000 das mal an der Pestilentz gestorben.
After Bartholomew's Day (1564), the pestilence began in Erfurt. During the same mortality, the parish priest of St. Thomas, the priest at the Great Hospital, the chaplain at Kaufmannskirche, and the chaplain at the Franciscan's Church also died. Additionally, the priest at the Reglerkirche died. The pestilence lasted until after the New Year, when it ceased. At the Reglerkirche, 720 persons died; at the Franciscans' Church 600; at Kaufmannkirche, 550; and at St. Johann's, 440. It was estimated that around 4000 people died from the pestilence during that time.
Auch ist in diesem iahr (1566) ein sterben an der Pestilentz gwesen doch (Gott lob) nicht sehr.
Also, in this year (1566), there was a dying from the pestilence, but not very severe (thank God).
A mortality in Eisenach and the surroundings of Erfurt.
In diesem iahr (1577) ist ein groß sterben an vielen orten an der Pestilentz gewesen, vnd sonderlich zu Eysenach vnd in ettlichen Erffurdischen dorffern hat es auch zimlich rumort.
In this year (1577), there was a great dying from the pestilence in many places, especially in Eisenach and in several villages near Erfurt, where it caused quite a stir.
A plague in Erfurt kills 2500 people.
In diesem iahr (1578) hat die pestilentz alhier zu Erffurd auch zimlich grassiert vnd sind in die 25 hundert persohnen in Erffurd gestorben.
In this year (1578), the pestilence also raged fairly strongly here in Erfurt, and around 2500 people died in Erfurt.
A plague in Jena forces the local university to relocate temporarily to Saalfeld.
In disem iahr (1578) hat man die hohe Schull von Jehna ein zeitlang gen Salveld von wegen eines pestilentzischen sterbens transferiren mussen.
In this year (1578), the university of Jena had to be temporarily transferred to Saalfeld due to a pestilential dying.
A plague in Erfurt, Prague, Magdeburg, Goslar, Arnstadt and Königsee in Thuringia kills high numbers of people.
Diß iahr (1583) hatt die pestilentz an vielen orten vnd landen gar heftig sehr regieret, sonderlich zu Praga in der Stadt da in die 20000 menschen gestorben sindt. Desgleichen zu Magdeburg, Goslar, zu Arnstad fast in die 2000, zu königssee in die 1000. Desgleichen allhier zu Erffurdt 1767 menschen gestorben, aber nicht alle an der pestilentz.
In this year (1583), the pestilence raged very fiercely in many places and lands, particularly in Prague, where around 20,000 people died in the city. Likewise, in Magdeburg, Goslar, and Arnstadt, nearly 2000 died, and in Königsee, around 1000. Similarly, here in Erfurt, 1767 people died, although not all from the pestilence.
Translation by Martin Bauch; None; None;
A plague along the Rhine, in Hesse, Thuringia and Wetterau.
Eodem anno circa festum ascensionis fuit regina Ungarie et rex Romanus in Maguncia causa peregrinationis cum magna multitudine gentis. Eo quoque tempore fuit divulgatum per (p. 6) totam terram Renensem per litteras auctenticas, quod Antechristus natus esset, et narrabantur infinita signa que fecisset. In nativitate et post eciam dicebatur de multis miraculis de maximo calore qui deberet advenire, et de magnis fluviis et de multis preliis; que Deus avertat! Anno predicto facta est magna pestilentia in multibus partibus Rheni et in Hassia et Thuringia et Wedderabia, et annona preciosa est, quia crevit valde modicum siliginis, sed bonum, et vinum similiter. Eodem anno circa festum Marie Magdalene [Juli 22] eclipsis lune facta est, quia fuit plenilunium, et facta est in quantitate manus, et postea eodem die reintegrata est.
In the same year around Ascension Day, the kings of Hungary and the Roman king stayed in Mainz with a large entourage because of the journey to the East. At the same time, rumours spread throughout the Rhine region through genuine letters that the Antichrist had been born. There was talk of countless signs that he had brought about. At Christmas and afterwards, there was talk of many miracles, of tremendous heat to come, of great masses of water and many wars. God forbid! In the predicted year, a great pestilence occurred in many parts of the Rhine area, as well as in Hesse, Thuringia, and the Wetterau, and grain was scarce because the wheat crop grew very little, albeit good, and similarly with wine. In the same year, a lunar eclipse occurred around Mary Magdalene on 22 July. It was a full moon, the eclipse reached hand-width, but shortly afterwards, on the same day, the moon was full again.
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Litera indulgencia contra pestem..., in: Libiri erectionum, vol. I, ed. Borový (1873), pp. 11-13, 12
The archbishop of Prague, Arnošt of Pardubice, grants an indulgence of 40 days to everybody who will participate in processions held and masses read to appease God and make him relieve the land from the plague which has it in its grip since the previous year.
Cum corporalis infirmitas frequenter animi aegritudinem subsequatur, et e contra correctis et emendatis vitiis plaga propter peccatorum pondus inflicta desinit desaevire. Hinc est, quod, cum mortalitatis pestilentia ob multitudinem . . pecatorum nostrorum, sicut versimiliter formidamus, ante paucos annos transactos et etiam anno proxime praeterito patriam istam invasisset et nobis poenitentiam agentibus et cessantibus a peccando plaga illa cessavit a nobis, nunc vero recidivantibus nobis in peccata dimissa tamquam si canes ad vomitum revertantur, et forsam quod non sine amaritudine cordis adicimus, quia non veriti fuimus maxime peccata cumulare, prioribus pestilentia saevior iterato est reversa. Nam cum priori vice hominibus ipsius pestilentiae morbo infectis poenitentiae spatium ex misericordia Domini concedebatur per triduum, nunc ipso die, quo inficiuntur, ut plurimum moriuntur.
When bodily weakness frequently follows the distress of the soul, and, on the other hand, the wound inflicted due to the weight of sins ceases to rage when the faults are corrected and amended. Hence it is that, when the pestilence of mortality, on account of the multitude of our sins, as we reasonably fear, invaded this country a few years ago and even in the past year, and that plague ceased from us as we repented and refrained from sinning, but now, with us relapsing into forgiven sins, it returns as if dogs return to vomit, and perhaps we say this not without bitterness of heart because we were not afraid to accumulate sins to the utmost, the pestilence is returning with increased severity. For while, in the previous instance, space for repentance was granted to those afflicted with the disease of the pestilence for three days through the mercy of the Lord, now on the very day they are infected, they mostly die
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A plague in Thuringia and the Harz region, but also Constance causing mortality and description of symptoms
Anno 1439 war ein groß sterben vber alle welt, vnd fieng sich an in Duringen vnd am Hartz, vmb die Ernte, vnd wehret biß auf der heiligen drey Konige tage <6. Januar>, wen die pestilentzische gift ergrief, der lag drey tage vnd nacht nacheinander vnd schlief. Vnd wen er dan aufwachet, so begundte er als balt mit dem Tode zu ringen, biß die Seel ausgieng. Das nennet man das grosse sterben davon schir in allen historien findet. Stumpf schreibet das allein zu Costnitz in x monden bey 4000 menschen gestorben sindt.
In the year 1439, there was a great mortality across the world, which began in Thuringia and the Harz region around harvest time, and lasted until the Feast of the Epiphany. Those who were affected by the poisonous plague would lie unconscious for three consecutive days and nights. When they woke up, they would immediately begin struggling with death until their soul departed. This event is known as the Great Death, which is extensively documented in historical records. Stumpf writes that in just ten months, around 4,000 people died solely in Constance.
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Eisenach
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Eisenach# QUERY7f877c20c5ec0cbcb82a08043d1acfbe
Eisleben
Eisleben# QUERY757767eebfb20db7132a584f7606f315
Eisleben# QUERY606c5f3a7af738c4c7b4cda524db7989
Elba# QUERYed79e3b6153532dc017cd4f0a6ccc1cb
Elba# QUERYcd5a133f7a045e6303f0eaa0da59ac46
Erfurt# QUERY95cc0d4b2fb0b6bcb56339b69d01567c
Erfurt# QUERY09da6c1f00935ffc68af81a84f696cee
Erfurt# QUERY194c786bc00df7ed756c23fbd933d161
Eyjafjöll
Eyjafjöll# QUERY64d2a8946d85f8a7bd69056d5f0318b6
Eyjafjöll# QUERYb1616302a781bfa304e1fa94a012d56d
Eyjafjöll# QUERY311b28c39f4e7dadf4e2f82fc7720e3b
Feodossija
Feodossija# QUERYb3b8bcede3a0d1f2a212cac57df9968e
Feodossija# QUERY47b54e59f4d9e5f5558f5748299f088b
Ferrara
Ferrara# QUERY3b8aaf2e1158f22dffa4d81f87c6b829
Ferrara# QUERY227dc1167c109793266097b6fddfe6af
Ferrara# QUERYb46b642de78b55aee5594d5bc286a538
Figline Valdarno
Figline Valdarno# QUERY8dd67aff40552690101b03d18f99bf90
Figline Valdarno# QUERYbeb31d24337fc204d86dc5a04679c826
Figline Valdarno# QUERY368f8543a19d2b1bb3c7a4b7bdf4e979
Florenz
Florenz# QUERY403252181c81c13ebea020ac02aea533
Foggia# QUERY5c56be66a27652d0a281be19e0e4b2fc
Foggia# QUERY99bad49b1cbedf478af2333b7f3a9298
Foggia# QUERY825d52c9f3255ecbd3e44d0fb7603ca6
Forez# QUERYa6628bfc290f75c030af4a8dee68b021
Forez# QUERYc7c7aca0dc3f7e8be8d24e3a9098a19b
Forlì# QUERY8ee7ab13f1b50a24342af3eeb1bca754
Franken
Franken# QUERYde447cf0ede5cce08be4788f01ecfee7
Franken# QUERYbfc1aa018cda814f7a2bb70e9288aade
Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt am Main# QUERY3f42eed1ca786898e0d0c7c3240d4a9c
Frankfurt am Main# QUERY8bca0de1f3255d3c813041a89956a12e
Frankfurt am Main# QUERYc8455f966087272ed5fe99fcb76ff6c0
Freiburg im Breisgau
Freiburg im Breisgau# QUERYdb06bd5f1f0910be2f5180e76da5d09a
Freiburg im Breisgau# QUERY779b9984043ac63898edb330e1606a10
Freiburg im Breisgau# QUERYc99f067533c729f68d2b977a808feade
Friburg
Friburg# QUERYe79f7326ad09510403cfadbc674eddc7
Fritzlar
Fritzlar# QUERYf32b3965ac5e85a00a68d37d4a2fcc57
Fritzlar# QUERYa5f123f7679c9fb407d50b02b277ebf8
Fritzlar# QUERY5f648cae78ce25ce7ec6af0ca8f77372
Friaul# QUERYe1eb64c65713c7f60b02e723cd1de0cd
Friaul# QUERY8a875b6dabaa6bc868e0cb29a49793a6
Gaeta# QUERYf346096b7e74a38b3514db88d6a6ffcf
Gascony
Gascony# QUERY82c05a1fde97ede559b68a7f7fdf7146
Gascony# QUERY290c5c2a3dd5df24296e40c639943c7e
Gascony# QUERYc56ef323b58d65f89d39ecc6f2800ac6
Gaza# QUERYa914fa3ddcd3f11bb3d17e6b4bc1600e
Gaza# QUERY1a2d3c9f6bc2e414319bfd1176c882aa
Danzig / Gdańsk
Danzig / Gdańsk# QUERYafd123cadefb5e807118741950995b0a
Danzig / Gdańsk# QUERY98edb03cea182373518e534de1394d72
Danzig / Gdańsk# QUERY11e7a145ff239e1d48dea16862298c6e
Gelnhausen
Gelnhausen# QUERYc8110288ee736b3c93ff6d1e6a070d0b
Gelnhausen# QUERY3d3edce6288f4679855cb75a2d3da9bf
Gelnhausen# QUERYe9adc2cf9689756b9b8402659b19a6d6
Genua# QUERYe7ad906c347a8e7a2b337d2ae5bd1c71
Genua# QUERY915a25cdfb386bf6d8d8f87f88bcd2c1
Genua# QUERY9ae86dec60d9452b3e1a9e60a945057d
Giza# QUERY3136b8fd083bccfc156300cac9e9094c
Glogau / Głogów
Glogau / Głogów# QUERY2cc3c4524edde53419c0c4eee6e79747
Glogau / Głogów# QUERYf19a55a11c65ae4608adf779c5c32c72
Glogau / Głogów# QUERY9e95f4982de63a7d1543c5ad46688bdb
Görlitz
Görlitz# QUERYfea741c44b52e0413d146fb7207ca736
Görlitz# QUERY13bbfb592fd9df861eb3312114fa31aa
Goslar# QUERY48f204c4c1be9df174a7319b3c3194a3
Goslar# QUERY0fb0c90abd80ef0f894dd2df3681a443
Goslar# QUERY415dadc8d8253e874305dbb1de7616a0
Göttingen
Göttingen# QUERY8971aa427e9aa5f12e91e5d6f1e2170f
Göttingen# QUERY0d844e9bd705405e396bceed60ef24a4
Göttingen# QUERYabb68e566b036fbd5c774472ba03d43c
Granada
Granada# QUERY521de84879f78232dc8887ab9a9ebdf1
Granada# QUERY375ed41d72b81f387c9ba3ad6ff214b1
Greifswald
Greifswald# QUERYd06dfe7d1db64c5bade90a519785ab0f
Greifswald# QUERY21ecb107e90b2b697917fdd7a8e69216
Greifswald# QUERY4a60459a57ae1943cf360d6b50edc241
Grüningen
Grüningen# QUERYeafdb6e386f247d663ed9aa2c0432c4b
Grüningen# QUERY0e4e6c24a5d444eacf24176a6db03748
Grüningen# QUERY0851e7a863e1b7535ced648bac321560
Gubbio# QUERY6cbbb4da041781b8c97ac3b23de0ceb9
Guebwiller
Guebwiller# QUERY0b1ca58b62f8319e62bfafbd96c3c48f
Guebwiller# QUERYb87441324a8a92667b54e2ca75a3e2ef
Halberstadt
Halberstadt# QUERYeecba4ebcf8ac206d88c3018e33002b4
Halberstadt# QUERYfde66a02fcbb56f4a4d064a0143440cf
Halberstadt# QUERYca2a353eb31afea39b417dfbda182b65
Halland
Halland# QUERYe7b17d997d83d50d89094c68e8ca63e6
Halland# QUERYe1124c37db87a0cb5f439678f4ee0111
Halle# QUERY4ac09629f6e24fa3f627f316ef5ceb76
Halmstad
Halmstad# QUERY901fd011d8c7bcdd8d8261ec2d105708
Hama# QUERYd9e3180aa829a4da5539acf6aa33f0c4
Hama# QUERYeb7648bef0dba6d6e21cd64549d31362
Hamar# QUERYc93c4b3a6c038766a73e5ada941adbc4
Hamburg
Hamburg# QUERYff76e07782169a37cafb32fc0582e83d
Hamburg# QUERYa17abe2a1ab1f54388c536058ac2dd17
Hamburg# QUERY4f60687cdc393a67f6672fdab0234e46
Hannover
Hannover# QUERYd78bd9c3f313dbaa649d4ed746d6b4b5
Hannover# QUERY2a56f9a45ef32d0c620bcf5388bda652
Hannover# QUERY1e474caa53b95cddafffd6da20e9ed14
Hérault
Hérault# QUERY5abb830442cf308507bece452fd4975e
Hérault# QUERY5619b8e93b12bbc3e7bcd67dc5458e44
Hérault# QUERY1e3be8e1a6e783b09db6f364b7a705b9
Herðubreið
Herðubreið# QUERY207f3dd940e1ccda1ecf8b9c1d69534f
Herðubreið# QUERY715b0065e99adf24a5f938d6f4ba6736
Herford
Herford# QUERY4a5aa2ed08b13949754d4d40fd363de1
Herford# QUERYdf8d6254d38efcc6879dd72400abc2d7
Bad Hersfeld
Bad Hersfeld# QUERY53d7ad1e691b1161aad53df1053698fe
Bad Hersfeld# QUERY5465be557d560eea697b566d76cb3919
Bad Hersfeld# QUERY0e6ee7fe7301cbca267b6a3cff13d94f
Hesse# QUERYfe8a176e9c60d618bbbc951f9e6b54bc
Hildesheim
Hildesheim# QUERYaa28b4331ba9583be3b80fce0af9230c
Hildesheim# QUERY49bc4738b70791760663d9c5bc45fed0
Hólar# QUERY3e5358e7ce1c4cf3acd37078aaeece47
Homs# QUERY8edaa26ef850bbe824c08fa476a21784
Homs# QUERYbf063fc2caf8efced8fd259fd1b281e1
Hroznětín
Hroznětín# QUERY5820dad833d56207c2d7b607a7a116d5
Hroznětín# QUERYe7cdc101ad8757bf1b62da01c3ef0923
Huy# QUERY8e7f65212f075c57bf9b18ce90ae2bc1
Ibiza# QUERY8ca54204773b36b0ec875bd1a9ecb37d
Ibiza# QUERY39053b77cf85f7a2ec0df733f34547fe
Ibiza# QUERY4769f773adc3e7d26811c7debb8fc074
Île-de-France
Île-de-France# QUERYa037931ff826e9ab992d40fb49ed664a
Île-de-France# QUERYdc5a1849f34685f46c1a551b283ad195
Île-de-France# QUERY6f65a18603cc884aae8d3dc4c270d42a
Imola# QUERYf380df40d9d8d893cdeef8d3fad11930
Innisfallen
Innisfallen# QUERY6bb316fe24b218186c3ddfb420a57657
Innisfallen# QUERYba0f39d4be4ea59d844c1a2de503553d
Jena# QUERYc65e002827c1a1b79311e2dad1ad6f5c
Jena# QUERYc67efaf612d4a431ea2cec8dd19ab8a7
Jerusalem
Jerusalem# QUERY42723e4860963b72d85b3ae578ae4b5e
Jerusalem# QUERY7feea99dcab7b7b0d0594f8f4c7fd113
Jerusalem# QUERY5ff679ea962faa674e4b28c39fb76a6a
Kaiserstuhl
Kaiserstuhl# QUERY9a29a1b892c6f9d5394794411fc8f803
Kaiserstuhl# QUERYe2c03c9c2548dec434ef56a10f103cce
Kaiserstuhl# QUERYd4b4e43935c0c63d837d69893e05e176
Kalmar# QUERYf209735206df3e6acec11d33bc53320e
Kamakura
Kamakura# QUERY718edbc0abf06913bf9c386ed26a0db7
Kamakura# QUERY46022f29c5b7882ab966378bae49aa99
Kamakura# QUERYbbb10b6d3c1a4f322ae67de6e3036ac2
Kassel# QUERY7a6e7d6059e33dd8de672ac8fb8a376d
Kassel# QUERYdef4a8b8f232cef42be41421a0e81d1a
Kassel# QUERYe71576b00fa98cf0b9b17679a6c654a0
Keilir# QUERYa1b1ec757efa68e14103a6197e0d63af
Keilir# QUERY74a397cce22513769d872cb51532adbc
Kiev# QUERY5ac82d8f813327fa8232d232c37bae7b
Kiev# QUERYe70f204f503b6b4cbd31cbe1e3d5c176
Kirchberg, SG
Kirchberg, SG# QUERY49bcc389b3164eb662749b286a4e7bef
Kirchberg, SG# QUERY11d3912300d9c52f204c7ba17a1968ba
Kirchberg, SG# QUERYb0e08dc77cc41d130af2185da23ed103
Klettgau
Klettgau# QUERYec613ba490275a0dd37da1af6f65698a
Klettgau# QUERYc5c0e43b163216b9d53014a88fd0557b
Klettgau# QUERYa97aa8268a1abc27059272e535a5da06
Klingnau
Klingnau# QUERY8b50e426da8facdc53f5667a3f4ddbbc
Klingnau# QUERY25db794e79c0c04c2002385690f9baf1
Klingnau# QUERYbf0a9779cc3185ff769c160c1c101fc4
Kłodzko
Kłodzko# QUERY779693d96c3335723c85cb83bcba5eba
Kolomna
Kolomna# QUERY20d202584c90b84322ee0bc3c435ffa6
Kolomna# QUERYefc4e8a094bb94e2117f12712ef3287e
Königsberg
Königsberg# QUERYfbaf4be496804434e2e0c60b8aaee3e5
Königsberg# QUERY9335b2a4971b9f46cd7719323a6f4fce
Königsberg# QUERY7dfbb7b39e734292764b689e469add0f
Königsee
Königsee# QUERYd4b4fa68eab9c56ebce66ae2c592f2f8
Königsee# QUERYa9c38dc3ed7eb3c47e13775b4b811a6e
Königsee# QUERY32d58afd0aafe553398a46abef2f9796
Kranichfeld
Kranichfeld# QUERYd128bb61691beb1bb3dae5cc9a909d8c
Kranichfeld# QUERY1b85f54df4bbbd651bcbfbd1acaa037c
Kranichfeld# QUERY8fee0a94d75058191a478d17dadfdaad
Krems an der Donau
Krems an der Donau# QUERY298250217663bbbef2ef464d45d26521
Krems an der Donau# QUERY209b355e009a000e85cef085edd3e7fc
Krems an der Donau# QUERY3fcbb08475a6cc95fab2382e9d2d15cf
Kyoto# QUERYb3a0ba8699f27846d07a20c322cb5bf5
Kyoto# QUERY9bafdc7ab5f1bf8f8396d7f9932516c2
Kyoto# QUERYa14112ae7d2eefd69614b85f23e3a3d8
Ladoga# QUERY6da390bae4d0503dce5b44eac5447766
Ladoga# QUERY7d02eb8a590f300f67fa49d74b1db241
Ladoga# QUERY446cd6bda63ed92c14ea0777710d9409
Landshut
Landshut# QUERY16aa070e5e2bbd9ba27a992e713f45a5
Landshut# QUERY3ffc7cecdab9f5df94d074ab42a962f1
Languedoc
Languedoc# QUERY1bd064987ad508b58adcfe13811bee10
Languedoc# QUERY03a58abb5f892038740925f951be81cb
Languedoc# QUERYa4681400fa16dabb9e68dc0ee3ee7c8f
Leipzig
Leipzig# QUERY72eb2f4c22cb91aa1f7a57eb75bc26e0
Leipzig# QUERYf6cf1d964fbf0958ec3a5be9244a573a
Leipzig# QUERY982ec33939bae8749f7054e673a7adc6
Leuven# QUERYf01760949ba730caa2e1c3a3fb240602
Leuven# QUERY24eec7f72ad0509aa402e62697d45b2b
Leuven# QUERY33e1d38b177c08cfe126cfb86bb96912
Lichtensteig
Lichtensteig# QUERYfe1a93b442900ca5baf15bf91754d2a7
Lichtensteig# QUERYb3c30e64c0a003feefcfc8d1f611a42e
Lichtensteig# QUERYf25b90e50b0c6e5fee6c66368cb62bb5
Liège# QUERY15e31a20bc67b049b3d68280d39ca7df
Liège# QUERY3094ccccc4f795c1dd9938d073d8fee2
Linköping
Linköping# QUERY0b86019a7eb2aa71eafdea397088bb8e
Linköping# QUERYf8773dc990beee83cccb1dcca5d34c11
Lisbon# QUERYeccf0cf3769b0cd6bdc4bfca1d8740a4
Lisbon# QUERY98a1cc000af80f3a6ea693e8240be00f
Lodève# QUERY5488e0c75c140e62322d5032ebaec0b5
London# QUERY06e91a56ff09219bb7bfc657f10d0f52
London# QUERYe5add8aaba1637f613498fcf4a9a2d4d
Loon# QUERYba377a9dbdbf1c846d78bd2e6c240630
Loon# QUERYf5b4b4d5c44d72dedcbc218fc79d5b78
Lübeck# QUERYb2a0679bf7296e2995419b75a9ec6cd5
Lübeck# QUERY5b92e6c14a4028220df3cad5da2c6056
Lübeck# QUERY310df07c9cde39635306b47c32fff28c
Lucca# QUERYba464cbfdabebf02a2054f78c1f9ffaf
Lucca# QUERY7d6de4fb2ab008e8ad018e5e07de1a75
Lund# QUERYbdd8c2725ce2b4deaef65ebb2bd49dff
Lüneburg
Lüneburg# QUERYa0f277f83e9eae7a88c96440076e2f4f
Lüneburg# QUERY2e45d7ba480c9eb0ff3761b3f3e24c8f
Lüneburg# QUERY6b3e5f55b5d63d74dd1a6b8d8d57b856
Maastricht
Maastricht# QUERY20a2a4ad0486421f461d88f73fda9cd9
Magdeburg
Magdeburg# QUERY9dc2ba57f653cdb1341f4e7ae7ca3ac5
Magdeburg# QUERY31a1e9876883138cf8eaaa7dfa7dac63
Magdeburg# QUERY6747868b347c68d4fe5ece33cf2a767a
Mainz# QUERY4db3d7f2a50cd8a93570ce2cf20c8fd8
Mainz# QUERY4fa0bfc2ff7bb0de515da4b29d49c00e
Manching
Manching# QUERY20dda5569bf24909e3b71faa18308b9c
Manching# QUERYf2e7cc531c55e612ac980218f489578b
Manching# QUERY67398e3f17b1c526155f7f11cd4f547a
Manětín
Manětín# QUERY1e6acde1c73e19b9f0fe6b4b6f82db2e
Manětín# QUERY724fba570c824e2d9f214e497bb3abf6
Manětín# QUERY58ae289af69dba649eeda8e3fd1e2546
Mantua# QUERY7f6784af82e07e17d2018daaad44255e
Mantua# QUERY77afe1aecf43d30b57b734624425d7d0
Mantua# QUERY6bf819959351d68cefa3288e3f84a92a
Marseille
Marseille# QUERY49ee2c5d67dad7db6a849a3b047273ac
Marseille# QUERY0c13ed46471451a3c2309f5a7ee30bb7
Marseille# QUERY61eac5623cc49470033e34bde5d863cb
Mattsee
Mattsee# QUERY82b5b4dd4c7d5bbef33021a66773f24e
Mattsee# QUERYf197800db240bf0f997dc28e33bd7e65
Mattsee# QUERYea55b794c33f596932f6d4038cd8a0ab
Maubuisson
Maubuisson# QUERYee3a4bc281fb2c90ff7b5469ad555122
Maubuisson# QUERY6b0a08782a126ce4eb4a085aaff8d0a4
Maulbronn
Maulbronn# QUERYbfaf0a2a6bccb7a4e81ca0c40599755d
Maulbronn# QUERYcd2957bde307fc5a65ed25225c3689c3
Mecca# QUERYcc67063ad62f1664cc8c49e17bc57a2f
Mecca# QUERY4c76c134fcd0cec6c8ecc11b3a4c3a86
Meißen# QUERY4e8a487d913f0fd19cc38651f0a01f70
Meißen# QUERY8d9cf953d9fb3c0047f2cfd944bfba8b
Melegnano
Melegnano# QUERYaadc0c560bde37e4f1af04f3ca587f73
Melegnano# QUERY3762d7dddb172d0cda246ffbe582ba69
Melegnano# QUERYdd410c7b81606d1526e17ec7031c4dae
Memmingen
Memmingen# QUERY29d3a1ae03d305739a4fa06e84aedbf1
Memmingen# QUERY4388508c54a8a9fda0fb83a3792636a7
Méounes-lès-Montrieux
Méounes-lès-Montrieux# QUERY4461e5950ec51d8eb09d21cbcf38846e
Méounes-lès-Montrieux# QUERYc1365a050366a7d023793518766fcd6a
Méounes-lès-Montrieux# QUERY14b8818adb1f0706b402a0b270fcd650
Messina
Messina# QUERY310c7a57f265edf7169b305bdda2b13d
Messina# QUERYbe71ad5c5c092c72d0d05615b6e73e6e
Metz# QUERYcd29569300b3ae768c2afc0b23f01ead
Metz# QUERY1fad30ca50aaae2c4664273eae89a239
Milano# QUERYb6ae1d465e439ebd4b1f09a37dbe7756
Milano# QUERYfc74afa3227dcbcc7efdb9547822b199
Modena# QUERY49cb5b3e2c8f2502b9eba82fa91f8b22
Modena# QUERYebea021a9604213b30c8c4cb5baeb684
Modena# QUERY44f7deeba890ffa529940421832c793b
Monaco# QUERYf28d97f2f2a7c7acb95e8d48bd0cf2ab
Monaco# QUERYa70b6dd70aa229573451baac58d86701
Montale
Montale# QUERY5e116b37c78ea0d953f00a1c0f986bb3
Montale# QUERY94fdb705200cb578c8f1b7cb170c9756
Montepulciano
Montepulciano# QUERY50be640347352138ed71b930b5916fe8
Montepulciano# QUERYcfddc1a71c58d8ec53afda787f04bbac
Montepulciano# QUERY13f616e2bed7f7ef501173fc0c8294cd
Montpellier
Montpellier# QUERY98a3ead548208c7c1b7a05a464df3839
Montpellier# QUERY3b4c33c2ec46c97ebde2e9b095cd530e
Montpellier# QUERYc2cf7dad1b9ceac53c3836f27001b210
Monza# QUERY5ccc96f1d0a44ab7f63f7d1e4535b27f
Moscow# QUERYe3bc099c5c92a252c1f938dc210c3a2e
Mühldorf
Mühldorf# QUERY63a6283a7c4eac8e9c0cb0e1dcc4d48f
Mühldorf# QUERY735bd12b20f67f1e4f26b54bfbb2b7fb
Mühldorf# QUERYb9490f8d27491d08a68bfd6141ff1945
Mühldorf am Inn
Mühldorf am Inn# QUERY184748af4179f5dd012aee4923f32c62
Mühldorf am Inn# QUERY3318f586938eafa6df67c514505a3533
Mühldorf am Inn# QUERY2dd14f43b9dcf6eac5c8113f5cdf812b
München
München# QUERY63f6c120e90e6e79ec8486d8cea6ffd0
München# QUERY59cf71809067fe2514aa5a7aab19c48f
München# QUERY385eb45b86ba5ff45f444d6c5c2b01af
Namur# QUERYa3bc47d62eb6d375c5d2fa835b7f9a03
Namur# QUERYc22d5d56bfd2b602c455629d939a4de4
Namur# QUERY83dace31348c708abb45325da74c00db
Neapel# QUERYf1d73ac7c9b1ed7521412db2e481190a
Neapel# QUERYc7dd6e16d4ed8b49ac1d5d39bf7b8107
Neapel# QUERY292a80be5d858a2ae15e6deee7be4d8e
Nice# QUERY7c6461b871411db7abe48c554df51cdf
Nile Delta
Nile Delta# QUERY51b67e9aecbc30ad8d17209c5344c9ca
Nile Delta# QUERY1c10465428d326b7a3df3e3152e17b4c
Nischni Nowgorod
Nischni Nowgorod# QUERYf1d3d48643ab6bb960613e9feb2c369f
Nischni Nowgorod# QUERY2c0df4e02271b75f240d0a19833f1de2
Nischni Nowgorod# QUERY86f7bb17364a60e314b4ce35a9b6537a
Nordhausen
Nordhausen# QUERY9f8d2fda41ea88ab40dc08fc2b901602
Nordhausen# QUERY0bde92be90b974710bb096d6947a2671
Nordhausen# QUERY2d39d2f1cf0e1278e7d375f2ead29a00
Norrköping
Norrköping# QUERYd56cee016910e3ecb0fa8d85ad693b24
Norrköping# QUERYb6f3f65cd1151a5f02ee6d06f5e4ca1c
Norrköping# QUERYdf1395200220da89beaf350b8ac7f2b7
Novara# QUERY95ef3acb9aa140ee7dcbf979bd4e706b
Novara# QUERYaaac322abd7703d41738fa67db43b23e
Naugard / Weliki Nowgorod
Naugard / Weliki Nowgorod# QUERY4978100193839cd522485a0ab7fe808a
Naugard / Weliki Nowgorod# QUERYeb4c89bc006e8377f71c8124a78b8a20
Naugard / Weliki Nowgorod# QUERYd7dc8fdb3d1c92da6ea7255e6e7798f9
Nürnberg
Nürnberg# QUERY9b6a08027f1326d8d271aef1f9b9060d
Nürnberg# QUERY378bd028a26ebb9eba61871c6822002d
Nürnberg# QUERY242b2c471d878ab8a2ae82a84afa3409
Odense# QUERY4ad5dba2f8b4da4be26d615119de8b81
Odense# QUERY5e775a3b377ee773fb7c19a6ae96a3a9
Oslo# QUERY0aa49f04fe9614b71f478e46a32fce63
Oslo# QUERYd1fc78c948984e7ecadf6ae325530084
Padua# QUERYc416cc0b98134dec9fcb8c9e04279413
Padua# QUERYdf917264aae58d324ba4b678afa56457
Park# QUERY9a148b2291aa68c3a2a5a0cbf00afd3c
Paris# QUERY5edf4a97db8e41ab0199ae1ee3888637
Parma# QUERYe1d67fc9a6d9e9dab735c994b5eea716
Pas-de-Calais
Pas-de-Calais# QUERYf6a16162cfd02ee7b2de89521e9ee2b2
Pas-de-Calais# QUERYfc3a48e76f23a2a81f937f6b52cea626
Pas-de-Calais# QUERY3566adcb6a4d26198b5a3153b7ba9619
Passau# QUERYdaccf951b368cafd16c9a84f851cacb7
Pavia# QUERYe730f5ab9db26e5cf601e47fb0346d54
Pavia# QUERYee5ba27470cc2e3d9100755d3b5cee1a
Pelago# QUERY9b99f4c7d70fe54b13d86c3f1b9494eb
Pelago# QUERY65ef0fce831249f1cb0a9e55cdda6be0
Pera# QUERY295306ad5e7185d20b9f6aa0dc01de36
Pera# QUERY6efecedbe1934cf0c02ff7e9abacf99e
Pereslawl-Salesski
Pereslawl-Salesski# QUERYbe390915daa85beb7a4227c5ef463156
Pereslawl-Salesski# QUERY8468ed2e016fe01aa2f90c4ac58aa998
Pereslawl-Salesski# QUERY085ee141a166797bb7963b553f6dc504
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky# QUERY69e4100caea01e384969885c5b1c5c86
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky# QUERY6b1491b9ac36655cb670a4d644b9881a
Pereyaslavl-Zalessky# QUERYc16074745d683cb6d4e7eddb240ab616
Perugia
Perugia# QUERYece0b3c428777d0ac7d799ef92107259
Perugia# QUERYdca552ec4cc75804ca05160ef7cfc6b2
Pesaro# QUERYf059a6181ff5b3beca3294bcc83e99da
Pesaro# QUERY21b79e78374f4ed08aaf63d8187df973
Pesaro# QUERY20d138e6c654a3a8a5c473e3c69a26a1
Pescia# QUERY8b7cf05bdaa7509ea746b377a18df8f0
Piacenza
Piacenza# QUERY9bff32dd2955b40cfb1259eb3ca8fc3f
Pisa# QUERY2dddf63c7d1bf6ee0833fc77fdc78a50
Pisa# QUERYe5d07f232bd1e3993e7c6b548c8d682c
Pistoia
Pistoia# QUERYfa175de22e66a167040f7e5060a4aab2
Pistoia# QUERY88a9399d396e3a15db73c66160eeae8b
Pistoia# QUERY87045c5f0bbfb5b11bbf3bd076a89b63
Plesa# QUERY405928e7d1caeea10ffc950aef6bcb20
Plesa# QUERY1601b432dbe0c19c96e3e9cd7acf0899
Plesa# QUERY01a86fc1de3fcc4ae6c7633879d11cfb
Pommern
Pommern# QUERYacecbaf6db4431adc23a72d50e6aa75b
Pommern# QUERY3774b3e5970a59eeb4a4a709dd71a3ed
Pommern# QUERY013285f88ec48b10a8ce5fdd87787a63
Poznań# QUERY73d31890a75605b4425fafc5d385b6fd
Poznań# QUERY37eb18f197fc870040e628ce8ebd7e30
Poznań# QUERYa35654f4ab9728c224f2a3c6e2a290cb
Prato# QUERY5873cbb1ad721a9100c1b3be39eedc21
Prato# QUERYdf28fa99fbd25530a93bd0f27c339230
Pleskau / Pskow
Pleskau / Pskow# QUERYda08f1b4fb8d4eeadb98767862d91e0b
Pleskau / Pskow# QUERY0197edf177389d6c6ad35a764be4f495
Pleskau / Pskow# QUERY0f8d987fa87e636fc61a694d26f9193a
Ratzeburg
Ratzeburg# QUERYb0dbebd4af0f0c9e4bba24a847a36e70
Ratzeburg# QUERY478766780f6e0f45ec33fedcc6264ee1
Ravenna
Ravenna# QUERY98358ee9a408db7ca7fe682034bd6bac
Ravenna# QUERY7d15488db594ff0d0cb8d61ba7e273ec
Ravenna# QUERY4ef56eb086b95055bf310c0e4a5c54d8
Regensburg
Regensburg# QUERY7bfc660bbfc05089ee82fe8ec945115e
Regensburg# QUERY467cae3cf658ecfad9105be822cf1937
Regensburg# QUERY9d4648585b243a769284e724e58a4abc
Reggio# QUERY9d56f3b7b9ee22f33acf4c1c76402811
Reggio# QUERY69622101a0fa7490f05fd48a4bbe4e48
Reggio# QUERY9579ebf1a2dd1c4b8aff0dd2720f2fb3
Rhodos# QUERY20a832f09a8c3edc248b1b7b530221b1
Ribnitz
Ribnitz# QUERY15af639e8fd9e9a810ae37c9ed6b86ff
Ribnitz# QUERYeeb279f75c68891754a7dfbbe217b51c
Ribnitz# QUERY1e222b3bbe29f9ad49d6880cdbaca793
Rickenbach (TG)
Rickenbach (TG)# QUERY3807943c63f1528b5bf41e9c70a4dd64
Rickenbach (TG)# QUERY1ba7c639186c059152664cac6993ae5b
Rickenbach (TG)# QUERYb8e920bcb40f0119d5a44827abb0ab02
Rimini# QUERYad3b1255dcdf7b2684469aa2876b3aa2
Rimini# QUERY2f69f6e402a3a2caf9f88efcc534e2b8
Rimini# QUERYb7b3c0f1d08ebc2b58784108f577dc5d
Rome# QUERY793f44fb63f15be5161fedab637a11a9
Rome# QUERY0a196ef8dd6545701578bf7af80d6d9a
Rome# QUERYd19c8a74735dbbdd2d1dc0fc2600a148
Rostock
Rostock# QUERY3dbc74f897b68022f10b9c504a625ff0
Rostock# QUERYe64622698a4cd5c8caf801d51dc92e83
Rostock# QUERYb99daf916c0a2eb70bc1fa6e071ff2a1
Rostow am Don
Rostow am Don# QUERY7daf0012e50395107b652b53be1c95b5
Rostow am Don# QUERY9bb65f23c0928282257dff32999094ad
Rostow am Don# QUERY4094c6c52fbbc8cb45a0932fad4adfc6
Rouffach
Rouffach# QUERYafb632c97a8ce7e6063a219ac1a40865
Rouffach# QUERY69bc49e3655a8cbae85dd0eb58b699b4
Ryazan# QUERY6f11224faa602d736cee9fc09886a91c
Ryazan# QUERYb75c90896f40e50bf39551b3c8b5a8bb
Ryazan# QUERY6ff7970d39575b13aef793ae7feebf1d
Saalfeld
Saalfeld# QUERY083c412b70f841ab4d747be4568a4d60
Saalfeld# QUERY9c14bcc9264577a5701d78a1e568a65e
Saalfeld# QUERYd92bab34a6a5d17b6c8ad57e16d5c93c
Sain-Bel
Sain-Bel# QUERY4cd430a798a6f1a4ec8f23465b5d0602
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis# QUERY67bfe415fa43ffc0f4a2b5cbc145b734
Saint-Denis# QUERYcc8d2a13eaf7f96bdb640cda5d365df4
Saint-Denis# QUERY226bd9308f2f6af2a1fd9819901a8014
Samarkand
Samarkand# QUERY7b083ae854351a6e78afbb96a949bb5b
Samarkand# QUERY6a4b64f6e0394bc9362a6e326b8b0c66
Samarkand# QUERY9d82ca7d7e60e221f7a7179f7203a0ca
San Gimignano
San Gimignano# QUERY91535c9d1a85b9067d57f0aaef20a5c3
San Gimignano# QUERY7afb25eb1877122f217c6bc1cdff9ab5
San Gimignano# QUERY9e46d918253da6bde07a6c6a1bc0929b
Sandomierz
Sandomierz# QUERY015adb77807cdd2e3ec7be7d20706c38
Sandomierz# QUERYce46967b695113d0294d34a6aba54e01
Sandomierz# QUERYaefa7dc714398f1129deb782f2155a3e
St. Gallen
St. Gallen# QUERYdc4f87401069ad92ff256330bc9c4f4a
St. Gallen# QUERY96796dd46b1d826203ecdd432b8e92af
Savigny
Savigny# QUERYf8708c16c6755d5e1f5e7ece175e6bd3
Savigny# QUERYcf86ab9007680e378a78eb98d772fd95
Savona# QUERY853e7c8edc645e870820e836fc7c660a
Savona# QUERY7d481be25eba6da7429bb93e8c20616a
Selvogur
Selvogur# QUERYb3cecc9148699c4a28b113e07634da78
Selvogur# QUERY6e6883a0c094f38cbc064c70f185f588
Senones (Vosges)
Senones (Vosges)# QUERY07b6f8d7f4f8d9343f0859d70f377b90
Senones (Vosges)# QUERY856e8701730cc3e67cbb377f35f18377
Senones (Vosges)# QUERY52bab26b9dca10d306c307c0cc12ef97
Sens# QUERY7743b7aa812877c07c9f91e4bcba8fa0
Sens# QUERY631c6c1d5cc4be544b84b106ad7e6508
Settimello
Settimello# QUERYf1ad9872a2b506a3952ed503e7249e12
Settimello# QUERYf7ccd29c79898744a7eed7321ab7db20
Settimello# QUERYbd4d24531ebcca70e3cb3f67012c9eb5
Sevilla
Sevilla# QUERY5b6082a32c6426f2d7ded0a28ce681df
Sizilien
Sizilien# QUERYb2c55a2d872a88e009c438ed1341bd04
Sizilien# QUERYced46576e4d895d1adbe215952241710
Siena# QUERY4ebae60d835a1fbcc97271d3d06bcb5d
Siena# QUERY7e31e1395954457e5a15bede33dcdc44
Siena# QUERY35df8fad5e07e476b597aa3fdb3e61f4
Siracusa
Siracusa# QUERY9cee5e7583a30660367581addf5c6b5e
Siracusa# QUERY2be35bddf08f1c4edcf3b6486acafe6b
Siracusa# QUERY54e6da2385c2f2d4f0c4bdda490e18df
Skagafjörður
Skagafjörður# QUERYe1a9957c8d74dbdecfb3a289edbf7e4a
Skagafjörður# QUERY67ecead1da5ba442347daedc705317cf
Skálholt
Skálholt# QUERYc9a44eacf68ea34242d1d9b83ec96fac
Skálholt# QUERY16b855924881baf266a84c88e15ba7ce
Skálholt# QUERYb4be9fe11feabc61860026b764c913a3
Smolensk
Smolensk# QUERYe7f825af35b8e375de57aa4b16830715
Smolensk# QUERYd06f9e9d1279ef2627ddd747110ad7c7
Smolensk# QUERY554b434bfb5f768207b7efce492610de
Sochaczew
Sochaczew# QUERY95ad9b8a3a73e547394e52f02bcff42d
Sochaczew# QUERY128724d884635ca9e57aced75a2ce2cf
Sochaczew# QUERYf04a36e2ffd0a4d656623e0f29ea5820
Sorø Abbey
Sorø Abbey# QUERY10746c59e7354c81e82329c04c7d3cfe
Sorø Abbey# QUERY1fa06b1f323cdd6123feca34402f720c
Sorø Abbey# QUERY50b1e27e8baa928aace43c5b96afaa30
Süditalien
Süditalien# QUERY807d592f8e8e6b9eb1d6394a90d7faea
Süditalien# QUERY45e2d5621d316074bcaa4ef8c99b4caf
Süditalien# QUERYce2867afa8db7dcc62933f5c539fd466
Speyer# QUERY5400b77d2abaa85d6be4da4aff24e52a
Speyer# QUERY887c2a0eb2064f0f93fc54f8194d3ec4
Speyer# QUERYae85304bf6ecb920ae3447693b0afc91
St. Albans
St. Albans# QUERYe4dc8266ac498d64848ec7fcce0228a2
St. Albans# QUERYff684020638d15c3efc773dced5fbb82
St. Albans# QUERY1c5b896526ff9af9b95041536e43d6ce
Stavanger
Stavanger# QUERY66af11ca2c4162df89b7693a7dc45473
Stavanger# QUERYe6081eb9879aaa1fc59610a6186264ad
Stavanger# QUERY0aa32091fc92ef11dc51a80d13e36e4f
Stockholm
Stockholm# QUERYcde8af80dfb77eb3e5679b82bed0a099
Stockholm# QUERYf967622f1b9ad45f5fa0a51673db46b3
Stockholm# QUERYd6c67aeda1af123e9c6732c3bd137999
Stralsund
Stralsund# QUERYe8aafb315a05962dabbe08a7a1883ff0
Stralsund# QUERYb2aa47455ad6bc38421c515074162bc7
Strandarkirkja
Strandarkirkja# QUERY3ee33d7d4217f0dc81d6831bff470680
Strandarkirkja# QUERYd573de05ef2a42f8f583d8ed3db66365
Strandarkirkja# QUERYbe3575d512b1efc64dcdb7cca2ab44b3
Strängnäs
Strängnäs# QUERY11ac77902a2e70ce29c75ca92a83f34f
Strängnäs# QUERY33269bb24fea6ff3fe5d9c5fb49f4956
Strängnäs# QUERY5f8a95a8b95b19b1ff0f880abcefac44
Strasbourg
Strasbourg# QUERYbf1e322e625b78df571028edf5fd40a8
Strasbourg# QUERYae731767b8dd62ea8578ea5cff72ae60
Stuttgart
Stuttgart# QUERY2079cb4e14b81bc07053deaeed44eea0
Stuttgart# QUERY1d84a0d35f9dc40bea24fb50b5075c74
Svignaskarð
Svignaskarð# QUERY6f154768dd0d8210e10b8739e6da4cc5
Svignaskarð# QUERY9b7cb0aff5f3e5e9ed2929dbc8b24816
Svignaskarð# QUERY3a75cb5922e585ef4ea298ecd96bbe5b
Schwaben
Schwaben# QUERY00bab14c4861004f045bda85ffe2085e
Schwaben# QUERY5ff3cba2d51769b4c503d211aee0a0b9
Schwaben# QUERY01b1f20f2ad2a0827ab96de03d7ac0c2
Tana# QUERYfeb8c6552d91f5acfd804ca729438cf9
Tana# QUERYd63f2591b7243e3e363f7af21f43cad6
Tbilissi
Tbilissi# QUERYdba0fde6a454ed234b67c24fe39e24c4
Tbilissi# QUERY3f68084d684c899c3d2d046c8a699aaa
Teplice
Teplice# QUERYf1848debc7e3c2d5c95a6481f31043a8
Thann# QUERY587d02a1f9a09418c8a274fc0b1cfe2e
Thann# QUERY5a3d9d7265142df4bb2cac0d9d74732c
Tiengen
Tiengen# QUERYbab3311412e15161dd5f1cb3f7a2677c
Tlemcen
Tlemcen# QUERY7982a52a0132eb355a04e0a862d8fab2
Tlemcen# QUERYb9658cff8bd975f162139f0c21e5473f
Tlemcen# QUERYa3340f39a43d40f51a6a8f4bdb38ce24
Todi# QUERYd862db7adf7acf81f4c714f191f4d215
Todi# QUERY4a6bda88ca2cbe72bc47128f51a8b144
Todtmoos
Todtmoos# QUERY1fda7d7b59ac4b773107477db0fdbb80
Todtmoos# QUERY913da9e4b94087ebf3e963448949caf4
Todtmoos# QUERYa7ea12d752920c288b99f71bf4f70246
Tongern
Tongern# QUERYebce71892bf9a066b0fa26d87366379d
Tongern# QUERY4eb09d13ec566513f6fa24bd93f00e5b
Toruń# QUERY9f82f18457e46ef9ed8c0adffaf3d4b6
Toruń# QUERYb70ebcabfa1de47083234a101719f87b
Toulouse
Toulouse# QUERYbd9d10042034d0b6c991f5375a8887ad
Toulouse# QUERY2dea07d351e9b0e710223a5caf4ba134
Toulouse# QUERY9988875dba8fe8e14e69b9cd9360975a
Trento# QUERYa481de9da79478fd57cd8ec91c0f6c60
Trento# QUERY52466ade96b34bfc817ab0cb1d2fab33
Treviso
Treviso# QUERYc4bcc03bb9ade9eaeabd16cc275031cf
Treviso# QUERYa6b74a3cf6dd5be9c3c501b008c652ad
Trier# QUERY01d7de1d4eaf6a69486bb3402fa494af
Tunis# QUERY1b4d3a0d1fb9487f85f2ec2167da53a2
Tunis# QUERY9c07ef695e6accc512bfddb995f95a35
Turku# QUERY49a4bd5acf4954c0effad8444fab203c
Turku# QUERYae2ab9f8acef294125ed496857932cd8
Turov# QUERYd95cfcf4fff69e444cd24c1ac04aeb91
Tver# QUERYfdbbf048dc522b4f322e5727a85871f8
Überlingen
Überlingen# QUERYba7c39c4bc353f45898891c4f571b259
Überlingen# QUERYad1965096b063e2ce517ca1108849a49
Uppsala
Uppsala# QUERYb555d2fece68742fe436b2fef729f10e
Uppsala# QUERY84d4ef4d5096caecdd4831aa22d1e1df
Uppsala# QUERY54615bdf7ad724cdc13eb3c740261e97
Urgench
Urgench# QUERY1667cef0152d52fcd09106eff813ddd1
Urgench# QUERY3cd58e5b427cf93980054e0775ccc5df
Urgench# QUERYb6003f6900ebb36d5995f4ffaab55dcc
Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ
Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ# QUERY2088be87b2f828eaa0a6fb93e6ee6371
Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ# QUERYf3471abc8ed066c5351fa1b707f9f301
Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ# QUERY9e68f7ba10bfc78594285346d9bfcba9
Vadstena
Vadstena# QUERYaf321907f27a1a8a41bd7894d4d34d4a
Vadstena# QUERY9a6f400272b1e2a9d69b5c84e51ce38b
Vadstena# QUERY3ea4d3f28c07baada128f5a70949bd9e
Valencia
Valencia# QUERYcb630a15745852efed10b25af70f5124
Valencia# QUERYb9f75fccc9f38f7917e888057f5bde46
Valencia# QUERY39d69f1c3091f8990f5094fafc61933c
Venice# QUERY17ce2ad81e422976a5d64b695cd396dd
Ventimiglia
Ventimiglia# QUERY65c1b1f0ad8300f5dbd5b2fa69aa61ba
Ventimiglia# QUERY6712197c96e9f9e31b7c2f66d1899b80
Ventimiglia# QUERYb89cfc9d09bd88b5c7b6926f5ce827cc
Vercelli
Vercelli# QUERYf4ecdba0b9d453e538037bcd0d96009e
Vercelli# QUERY408acda3a234151c14894e3d1bee4db7
Verona# QUERY0bcdb5192ceb8a3859a801fd11cf05cd
Verona# QUERYd96f85d5c614f4a936f23fce9f5a44c9
Wien# QUERYc673d24fe39ccd6eea7d0f73b18cf4de
Villach
Villach# QUERY61d5e1dea5fcb22b752d266184d0ba02
Villach# QUERYa8c12bc907ded5ca9fc357e0ac8b0edd
Villach# QUERY0cd43c6813e6923663ef2b60a4965fcc
Villafranca Piemonte
Villafranca Piemonte# QUERY15a773d890137f4140cc49b8576f7d1c
Villafranca Piemonte# QUERYde0a42f90c3483b0a13ac41cd4aa3a3e
Villafranca Piemonte# QUERYbd4f3eec7cb4adb4686050c2020a7de1
Viségrad
Viségrad# QUERY78f46ae87762ed74683a8fbe9d25ed59
Viségrad# QUERY6a89d21ee17bec287914c48a16dc1874
Viségrad# QUERY392e23d2bc5c2453169e0fd76bf49661
Viterbo
Viterbo# QUERYc33bf5936a980fb0d1282bf52e72738a
Viterbo# QUERY7f28026c93ee34bf702a963ce2b03b13
Woloka# QUERYdecd4e115d512b107856c73622fb2bb6
Woloka# QUERYce7a8b8f17b94457b77364e64ce1905c
Woloka# QUERY10e1a009e6119c30a10a8b1f46c93d4e
Volterra
Volterra# QUERY115cc89b6e0c5ccaf2adf7e08e507e65
Volterra# QUERY48c4f9c5031afafd4f290aaf4af4280e
Wartburg
Wartburg# QUERY5e4c99ffb18a1bd2bba3a268de532d1f
Wartburg# QUERYcdbfa0784396beda818fec6451fca2b5
Wattwil
Wattwil# QUERY4639cdd571e1f89fa2fbbe4f075ddc7d
Wattwil# QUERY2b7c046e87c603cfa713f71ceefa41c6
Weimar# QUERYe9c411eb7359ce04baf78c23eaac3c20
Weimar# QUERYc43f6e9827346e7bb8c4b31dbc2dbdbc
Wessobrunn
Wessobrunn# QUERY413b6963b68d0b4213043bbbaadef1d4
Wessobrunn# QUERYef288a046d4e60d4c1363f46619a6d32
Westrich
Westrich# QUERY2fe872c45333fd8638280b0c91d5a3ac
Westrich# QUERYc6c18857dc7b2dda904473ace5da367f
Westrich# QUERY254823a4adc98fb74036b0f1bda91d00
Wetterau
Wetterau# QUERY025cef5be2029cf66f5918a43667f4c5
Wetterau# QUERYbd8c1ac6fdfa97deeca7e9f0ced59aa9
Wismar# QUERY63e26f1da7de44784b0938973cb4a3d8
Wismar# QUERY422ab8ab5f3bd073b2ef89395cf180ae
Wismar# QUERY8841dfdc713ea5c382b3c3593e8cfd69
Włocławek
Włocławek# QUERY31b8d641c92a00b30dc55c47798397ba
Włocławek# QUERY68a90b3db0bb95f32e228934c88a2e2d
Wratislavia
Wratislavia# QUERY7ae32629b1bdb1b03e14bba436185135
Wratislavia# QUERYd1302c7bd25c7e6dfc3e6739a8522aca
Würzburg
Würzburg# QUERY3a335c4ed3eb110337e87b925dda1157
Würzburg# QUERY2e7fe7bc0ec0fdfce11e730c432ce6c4
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl# QUERY5598c39945dd4382d4bee006e01afafb
Yaroslavl# QUERY59566b9f8faf1410ba732d395705b0d3
Yaroslavl# QUERY929e7ba1d0a76d30e38f74e0d0de5070
Żagań# QUERY8dc8ebd0f6f3c9ac29253abcdc2bdd5c
Zittau# QUERY0e53f2fa1e80ccd2690c5f022defe718
Zittau# QUERY42090fadc0dbc1e649d8de6602e4ee79
Znojmo# QUERYa02dfe9314e9c92c96c20dda6b552dc6
Znojmo# QUERY2abfdba98cee37e4afba0451084431ab
Zofingen
Zofingen# QUERY19aa2e65f1666ce6344aee979c3a08fe
Zofingen# QUERYaea8d030445f1c27587692eeb89a6b37
Zofingen# QUERY1163b46458c5e37d112f4fec52f1c283
Zwiefalten
Zwiefalten# QUERY7a7a275a1c1636355e5cf63f2fa80020
Zwiefalten# QUERY542fea7f71c313eead0b57b301694363
Zwiefalten# QUERYc88d6809d927b3ad4306824e4adff5fc
Åbo# QUERY53f1c8fe010aab61adfe2c3b3c479be8
ʿAjlūn# QUERY9b7fcba1deabf236b1f3310a4de3e390
ʿAjlūn# QUERYbbf3684a7026b79a72774d6fcfd5f137
Alcobaca
Alcobaca# QUERY2ca1f26189c9cab1fb3d3e7f627050ee
Alcobaca# QUERY063423d08ab4e305a504e8af4dd17dc9
Alvastra
Alvastra# QUERYa563b10fe71bec95d1ccc5c9d40ec2ef
Alvastra# QUERYba10d702ec89b0b63260afc65f53c770
Alvastra# QUERYd7d92926ae7b0f4cf87b004f1dd697be
Beljamen
Beljamen# QUERY093b0b31df837bab0270f320475ec235
Beljamen# QUERYd5a967031011c4c2f4d74efd98e76519
Beljamen# QUERY1608c3c8b1fe15fe033fd1971d334bcf
Bobbio# QUERY1f0087339de1aafe2eda2803d7fd4635
Borgo San Donino
Borgo San Donino# QUERYf5ef0b7feaae6b8f52bcc953b7e1fed7
Borgo San Donino# QUERYbe8a607cfb23e1f7a23e1adb45395419
Borgo San Donino# QUERY0bea96b6168f4eebfdca48d2f0c5f57e
Borgomanero
Borgomanero# QUERY8aae79b74813f4cfabe61724aa5558c7
Borgomanero# QUERYc1010cf83e994427383d8ca6735d2a3a
Borgomanero# QUERYd359e4c0ed3642e537b019aa740ead59
Braunau
Braunau# QUERY79c04d76c8d2bb28cca9eaa7f34933f6
Braunau# QUERY1cd257fac9a6234a51395ad4f8da2670
Braunau# QUERYbafe6631b5500f1f9eabca1dd9b4a809
Caffa# QUERYd40f7af4b5927f76f4b5d2b81d44a191
Caffa# QUERY564d91a3cc7bb3d9205cd050cc8c1368
Caffa# QUERY5b5b3044870cde54de35cb339f7fdb55
Casentino
Casentino# QUERYf4b57adbc8062b6182961436669fe78d
Casentino# QUERYa7ab42b7db0f9cde30fdbf6b2ffb3944
Catajo# QUERY5702dd3fae1d3cb34ddbbb5432fcf001
Catajo# QUERYec5b34b6c57530036f0e80e8f5a42eed
Constantinopel
Constantinopel# QUERY4ce5bdf7089cf426b7f71681c3303515
Constantinopel# QUERYc25b1c9fba85b638d88a7de59646b6d5
Constantinopel# QUERYd7f2ad7367adee4ffa0b1487b2250286
Courtray
Courtray# QUERY57205a77bdb43f465594e8d3a9cc0f3c
Cracov# QUERY8662ace0c6d077ecf908b52e025f1f79
Deir Kifa
Deir Kifa# QUERY0d3b9189431d9884058fb4908c8ca0fb
Deir Kifa# QUERY2c5c305167baecec4f8ab258197434c7
Deir Kifa# QUERYf142c790467db98a3b33fceb02986ac6
Dmitrov
Dmitrov# QUERYd294d6ec6b9a3dc04123b002cc09136b
Dmitrov# QUERY4339d881d10be2dcbea40f8026c7e141
Feodosia
Feodosia# QUERYe00c7432abe6618fcc8713e5932282c7
Feodosia# QUERY0b0c0d53ccc2fa3836a0fb858ac1129a
Fiumana
Fiumana# QUERYddf4b2eff300956a6dc5a360d903a0a6
Forlimpopoli
Forlimpopoli# QUERYd03a79c1adc2475de83dc34cc9adc158
Forlimpopoli# QUERY87c5d8f66fb219a5355c560b61ef4c46
Forlimpopoli# QUERY7370137aa4628395ad03d6cd32f8ae22
Franconia
Franconia# QUERY495d2d0bcaf9e346cae805891416249a
Franconia# QUERY40b497e0e73e6edfccd3c8a0c1eb1960
Franconia# QUERYe72c378087763673cf5cd14ed81ddfed
Frankfurt
Frankfurt# QUERY3c5437c8795952a37c1e9bbeaf98be3d
Frankfurt# QUERYb3341857fdd8e5baf72643ca530e2994
Frankfurt# QUERY3b65a4fe38fde2e337951f0f04e8e0b0
Freiburg
Freiburg# QUERY848259893067b01acf1fdd0faf431816
Freiburg# QUERY6e52e82104120fae905e6a1f4f23b8d4
Friuli# QUERY4ccc400a5ddf6a7e0e84e4d1df49c1e7
Friuli# QUERYda64140dd5a51b14dd6d69fedd5280c4
Galich# QUERY574fb8c31b8e3abf2916fc8a82bee862
Galich# QUERYcff2f4efa27beb7caabffd17b3a0d1f4
Gdańsk# QUERYc2d91ecf5532a6a4f64c30856c942ea6
Gdańsk# QUERY3704fac04b5da230f0e975ad39ac3136
Gdańsk# QUERY10eae0c881d0137d6e460dae941b5a8d
Genoa# QUERY2e1ab5c2df6279a160c8c9ab13eb86c9
Głogów# QUERY67eb7e5b6b18faef09bc275ecde58590
Głogów# QUERYe6ee2a36fcf4146bc12032b3b9274ec1
Halych# QUERYf432d90fab5023ff3be88b7b1c44ef9d
Halych# QUERY6d5f904964e7c3eaaaf3dd45c8ba05d1
Halych# QUERY22e64a476ea17baee8e7b68723241e33
Hersfeld
Hersfeld# QUERYdafd07a8a2d359c49be5eb055540ea97
Hersfeld# QUERYd6fedec37bc681d88f18cb3adbefa596
Hersfeld# QUERY8a62fbaeb5deaa4c235fd7edd2f01783
Hnapparvallarjökull
Hnapparvallarjökull# QUERYe6398aa22077ef2fb17e9e76555607fc
Hnapparvallarjökull# QUERYfd04fdacedbf2f3b323242dd7ecc1e66
Hnapparvallarjökull# QUERY4d8e846ce1aae5ff02f8077e5d2116a4
Ḥoms# QUERY2b2e5afa7dcb4b8b199fb7b75c9a23d5
Ḥoms# QUERY59af6a32305690c80db70bc4a2ecd437
Ḥoms# QUERY3abbaae20f8f2ca6ac214c716aaeba43
Iglesias
Iglesias# QUERY95299a5b6300684ca6737f19483eeabe
Iglesias# QUERYbb775e7dc93fa2e0a670ac59c4177268
Iglesias# QUERYd0f4fd8c957c72d9bc793152fc1463d4
Kallipolis
Kallipolis# QUERY56c6f216ff3bf34ce843b3f1152ecbef
Kallipolis# QUERYb63e55b49489f0db007b087a62e6589a
Kerpen# QUERYc6853ca74db37f611f36a4a29362f84d
Kerpen# QUERY51e57d6407cf1b4f3494a19f174fdb30
Kirkjubær á Síðu
Kirkjubær á Síðu# QUERY36652937f8ac963bba4d8ec9df338113
Kirkjubær á Síðu# QUERY41e4b6276403ad09d2e3347ffe44d986
Kirkjubær á Síðu# QUERY379218a86aced5e2f1d40c5ee9941ace
Koksijde
Koksijde# QUERYdfbafdc8313f0fd1930c9eb1e47700de
Koksijde# QUERY30a86cf9da229cf068f8afd2ffb1b866
Koksijde# QUERY6822cb043f03f3d5a13cc01d3c9b6421
Kostroma
Kostroma# QUERY83c5a360d1097a87d8a4aae965745cc2
Kostroma# QUERY8f543573e6a3c451a6bf7e3dbcb01a59
Kozelsk
Kozelsk# QUERY38448ad8c207ed911928be352ccfefe0
Kozelsk# QUERYc1653a023fdd6858378a24deaa5dc97a
Kozelsk# QUERY7f2a1fff4f80b1e58c75b0951121ef36
Kuyavia
Kuyavia# QUERY0fa34159d05eb3a7fcefeccebc20e5b5
Kuyavia# QUERY636b543a927de554e35266a07dee3a4a
Kuyavia# QUERYcf3e2be0aa732ec5720538d15c9e3dd2
L'Aquila
L'Aquila# QUERYd23d0750321fe87efc7a804f2bf0427a
L'Aquila# QUERYf72b5dbb562e5a29c03dc61d44f46330
L'Aquila# QUERY089ff3e1e07990644c6ecaea8e5aac84
Łekno# QUERYa6f1d4150f930755fb69d487bafdb596
Limbourg
Limbourg# QUERYdab8c78b6b08e98b9c9e6dea1d7c4174
Limbourg# QUERYc9b0fe2de80df04a1929e4c213985294
Limburg
Limburg# QUERYdf63ea120d1fbfec022a11cda907b6a2
Limburg# QUERY17367a7edcdcc9228fa1535c8fd48c66
Meissen
Meissen# QUERYd1607f0a7c6fd8df4429ba67f70c997f
Melbingen
Melbingen# QUERY308a9ace49b523f98b7cd910113976e4
Melbingen# QUERYcd133c8307be5b0f15614e5aca0bc12f
Methone
Methone# QUERY54db9a72cd7b716f92ec0fca09fde1d7
Methone# QUERY1e675a3cc74d7bdaaf3d6903f0697ac2
Miðfjörðr
Miðfjörðr# QUERYda644b0ad769cb24af1375fc50d2aa0f
Miðfjörðr# QUERYe93e061abf6fc70f59a9690bb7f5945e
Miðfjörðr# QUERYa75e7c3fe25f7c5cf24b2ead9818470d
Miðfjörður
Miðfjörður# QUERYdd8f5784645f5757bb9964e5a2b305d1
Miðfjörður# QUERYb6a27f4a5b03e35b5d37ada6fd719d12
Miðfjörður# QUERYc815cf4cfe3a05719e518edcaf2be5a1
Miechów
Miechów# QUERYf377ea782fbc2bd568315084bf3bf7f2
Miechów# QUERY6ccc44f92ae95866bdca62e9ebf3aa0f
Momeliano
Momeliano# QUERY8c3f631a508dc9980296c7eda029f741
Momeliano# QUERYfe60c558cad953eeacb7fc497cdcc359
Momeliano# QUERY042cbbcc92bad118ab175e4260ad39fa
Montecalvoli
Montecalvoli# QUERY22642ad6141e6c0e388f7194914fa870
Montecalvoli# QUERYccaa9d8134cf9e4556542cab309418dc
Montecalvoli# QUERYd58cd288b88133431817082d5cde518b
Mozhaisk
Mozhaisk# QUERY4d47f2ec3cea745ec6d2c6e5ebddc360
Mühlberg
Mühlberg# QUERY528bf70e4b236793e32baaeaff4c2322
Mühlberg# QUERY0c15c814c36b4c411fd84eb5cd5d8871
Mühlhausen
Mühlhausen# QUERY7dc06bc6de83abb9aa10d26d21b5a799
Mühlhausen# QUERYe97e3d4d6d61f063487650363a7d565e
Mühlhausen# QUERYeaccbb12d84e828ddc7309f0baf92a78
Munich# QUERY053f1f69c2c69c08bdee51b84268f3d8
Munich# QUERY0053deb9cdd2286b073987a95f5d97cf
Munich# QUERY582f89b0d3db1eceecdbae682efd9143
Naples# QUERY449dc4b8d3e84a74f5916e44fe95bf1a
Naples# QUERYd6e6b8b81044fb2b0343814b46be21b4
Naples# QUERYd172e20f3158c29db03553aeba97873a
Naumburg
Naumburg# QUERY4931ed302981115fdbdfa84ed0b8764c
Naumburg# QUERY1cfec11467b617acc99a16c6ab6febb7
Naumburg# QUERY6e3b287dc7b5888d18d72cc45876b14e
Nidaros
Nidaros# QUERYa06e3bdb9ae76dcae889044d76c06f3c
Nidaros# QUERY16d18ec46b7bd8d95d1b73aac6433f65
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod# QUERY247d7746cfd9a74069cc9e27015ead10
Nizhny Novgorod# QUERY8cdbdf57c85498e57798cf7b98cd0f5c
Nizhny Novgorod# QUERY8f5e291e332e73545095ab58738555ff
Novgorod
Novgorod# QUERY1dc134b6a9b384879e20681bca0f1bcb
Novgorod# QUERY9fc973fc9321fe9e7bbf850869b00092
Novgorod# QUERY2bc35c374803ba92e8cf29c7620df8de
Nuremberg
Nuremberg# QUERY37271a8966cfebebad4afcd977bae58b
Nuremberg# QUERY944be63703a8876dede280d08eb9d3a9
Nuremberg# QUERY27deaac0997f1823dc24c5edd5bef546
Parc# QUERY5efc23fea210518450f1bc2ade32bcec
Pereyaslavl
Pereyaslavl# QUERY5d27e72f9f2cb74da4bd5cec968c3c30
Pereyaslavl# QUERY3faa6ec4f625fd8987fd69743cea69b5
Piedmont
Piedmont# QUERYd30565ac0de17ac0ab24fe9bafd6fa7f
Piedmont# QUERYb1380464c6f02f9ceca4602003f0cceb
Piedmont# QUERY45c0922f432087eea7f0651181bce37e
Piombino
Piombino# QUERYacc48c1e5a742f98a405240ee8ecd138
Piombino# QUERY89ecf715c0c81b3bd2e7ca102e410e86
Pleskov
Pleskov# QUERY6d28b2262bc29cbae85b21d3a689cbf5
Pleskov# QUERYc88ca24fae3132ba8ac1ad3c54e6e9a9
Pleskov# QUERYfde37bfe780a179a7d39d834b8b470ea
Poehlde
Poehlde# QUERYf69f776d0d49b52fab4ac8d53ec79739
Poehlde# QUERYa06c21c578e3a85b686fd7ac915c8704
Polotsk
Polotsk# QUERY1d950a72a936870209ef31ebf0cf1fd2
Polotsk# QUERYfd408d8438f6e5ed2f6bdbcb462fa4a2
Porkhov
Porkhov# QUERY2fbec345d356c289f5f76a6819b21a6d
Porkhov# QUERYafc1dd8563996c8ab77b60fbaf81fdf2
Prague# QUERYff23b84b881c4022d10ee0b9501ef3be
Prague# QUERY8fdf4fd156de0f44510aa8754f0b0e6b
Pskov# QUERY68886056e0978c4b7cd9f1dacc8e08ec
Pskov# QUERY18df61f15b96961c9d0c0f0dc094eb81
Quartesana
Quartesana# QUERYb8fc4113d75b5e27ffe4a21342fb08ff
Quartesana# QUERY7ddcfe5a53d12dc9efcf3311ece66d58
Quartesana# QUERY69a52217731efd40d3e095373bc1d20c
Quinto# QUERYc337f4c6301bb0dc02a54348082befa1
Quinto# QUERY912d6e2ff9730a07458eaf286013b2bd
Quinto# QUERYdf2daa73950d7eb1e4fd4fe975d3c022
Ratibor
Ratibor# QUERY68a09b0c46cf53607a7dcc9407c7b811
Ratibor# QUERY8f0bb892eb45ab0b98eb65cc313281d3
Ratibor# QUERYbab1c1110c9ae35924d7a3fffd304bf8
Reykjanes
Reykjanes# QUERY786028e7c50b389897e0eec8bf5a2506
Reykjanes# QUERY1135392fd50b8512eea69869adde5703
Reykjanes# QUERYc44e4c37c3d13e2e3a87aa2365c8f498
Rickenbach, TG
Rickenbach, TG# QUERY6dafd424dda1f64b1158708553fe9a69
Rickenbach, TG# QUERY92ee07b32cb20c2a472a5ce285890b23
Rickenbach, TG# QUERYc68904c4d5a8a49352773d82d11e3ba8
Rostov# QUERY74a9f759d53ed8500f80e6ec7691ebe2
Rostov# QUERYfc5b81a4e2530f2e2a6ada0d985883b2
Rottersdorf
Rottersdorf# QUERY5e1ae89336b9e7de8d34d8a9c74009ab
Rottersdorf# QUERY8b4421cc616c7c6f4a5dddd99333cb0a
Rottersdorf# QUERY7fb4711ebd0fc888997c26f3553a172f
Russa# QUERY05e538e04476619efa638cf3aeed48a8
Russa# QUERYa590b378014bced646d5e87f3be612a9
Russa# QUERY2a896bcbf2dcb69effe25773e5559f4a
Rzhevsk
Rzhevsk# QUERY346316fc2447649cffded7bd0288d358
Rzhevsk# QUERYa0a8931ec99e9f5bc3c56356cbd17a71
Rzhevsk# QUERYaf1d8404ace570bba46fc279493fe401
Sangerhausen
Sangerhausen# QUERYa1e27aa4e229fd35451c74423496fb66
Sangerhausen# QUERY46211b2da3bc7cee778f6b8e2bbc2332
Sangerhausen# QUERYfb6805205e4f7bf10e22294b579476b0
Sankt Gallen
Sankt Gallen# QUERYfaedea68c3889fc82a01afb281d48655
Sankt Gallen# QUERY545402b389a1eecf7a51ae823e2162bc
Sankt Gallen# QUERY5fbc5463aa46bf24d56c41afabb9b654
Sicily# QUERYfce758835ccb9e1ff1abc79f35753664
Sicily# QUERY2b460ac3869bcdc904be2ef2196484ab
Skaga# QUERY19d5f26941cea64cb008a579ebe6e4c2
Småland
Småland# QUERY04aa0cf822e690ee53a7bdc809882763
Småland# QUERY8757e6fafcbb1c8ab21b00788f56c574
Småland# QUERY84c8031ff74fd5b89aea8099024b4f5f
Sorbigliano
Sorbigliano# QUERY02111ca8541fdab32efe645f19fbe814
Sorbigliano# QUERY3435aebe052c6e7cba2ffddf211d4fc9
Sorbigliano# QUERY0c12f8948d61648bcac82658fde554af
Southern Italy
Southern Italy# QUERY9293514cfbb8f9b052653a786ad4e8f2
Southern Italy# QUERY2fc69cd3fc0bc960440a7e7b17b070a4
Southern Italy# QUERYbe8e79cfcca51f795616dbb447d3cbbe
Steterburg
Steterburg# QUERY197e88b185b22175c4232c0c25c73a6b
Steterburg# QUERYb5c5a267e4ad0daadcfc265e09a27f47
Steterburg# QUERY3043a4edd1ae7c25eb021c671ba270b3
Suzdal# QUERYb3358736a2e4a2f58f8176da9fd56b0e
Suzdal# QUERYcbff64b37d0c7ad0ca447c91479b9e99
Swabia# QUERYc667b5ea59bb9d5813b3ebdec7a326ad
Swabia# QUERY40e12309bfc99da14f62b0bedc298962
Tivoli# QUERYd0e1246539ecae47c174870e2f35d2c9
Tongeren
Tongeren# QUERYa807ba736d2f685be29ef48fa5551b38
Tongeren# QUERY31c7c6265af031c517711cf4563ba0ec
Tongeren# QUERYbaaa297a9371dd9159699b7b0b660536
Torussk
Torussk# QUERYa0dd88bd3dd4ec9ccb726ebad2bbf13d
Torussk# QUERYc28b09cee60be365a882d597e526bb3c
Torussk# QUERY92377dddc3d0e127fa168abcc139936c
Torzhok
Torzhok# QUERYae2da88265a116cb35b2bb9ebbad3c93
Torzhok# QUERY1781baa87fe67fb14bc5cc8ce2d86dfc
Trabizond
Trabizond# QUERY84a81b705fdcd4ee2be53eb95415bfcc
Trabizond# QUERYbdf6709b2db3620ca2a11f8de28955fa
Trient# QUERYf4909a0eaa66e44dbea4a0845b5986fd
Trient# QUERYc8be732a08a361648d17d48f3ec27c40
Trient# QUERYdd59b3d86092073dd929a0aef4d4c3d4
Venafro
Venafro# QUERY8b66307dc4100ecb0de1d957f1637d73
Venafro# QUERY1fff113c1547f88fff91463f5ba74387
Venafro# QUERY1d6b60f8e9264c8a4eb653b651aa8f54
Vignone
Vignone# QUERY8182dae33f0e895df5762882ed1fd13d
Vladimir
Vladimir# QUERY2d2fdbc85794cd12e1cbabc9c2dd4819
Vladimir# QUERY3ff8411992d25c2e970b425f742de4ee
Vladimir# QUERY0438b45e08b96463b3907f5d18bbecb1
Voloka# QUERYd78d1c1017e753f5c4d5dae64a8cfc94
Voloka# QUERYd2b32298b1ca4e476a568ddbce899100
Westfjords
Westfjords# QUERY4d96568c356b4fa9f3dd3743752dd915
Westfjords# QUERY21ea9ccfb725e3dcb920b5537c3b2c02
Westfjords# QUERYe4cddd1442e656daad6886a8f2de5d9c
Wrocław
Yuryev# QUERY3a2a42761e6ff78a9c3620eff09ff0af
Yuryev# QUERYc5ef49e1f6a56476a5ebaf2645cd7ba4
Zvenigorod
Zvenigorod# QUERY89ae7de9243c691fa2341aab2dca454b
Identifier of an item in Wikidata
Wikidata
Wikidata#Identifier of an item in Wikidata;en
Convent friars
Convent friars# QUERY3711863054e097ee09eb322095dfc499
Convent friars# QUERYfc6fed9840c99b8760505681f0f49e74
Saracens
Saracens# QUERYfc18498e4bce6eb1781f7df0823bee1a
Tartars
Tartars# QUERYa5934abec8b3b47d50549d770e3249b2
Armenians
Armenians# QUERYcb27cc48816f741a18849c04fdda39df
Armenians# QUERYb80d63e229c10d62c406ec197af29dda
Golden Horde
Golden Horde# QUERY6030ccdf9bd8aee0a4cc42c68f300b75
Golden Horde# QUERYed4a9cbec10d16ce3056707872e27452
Tatars# QUERYa50ab29584d2fd69608a66a6d1f7fd7a
Tatars# QUERY0b3c2ab70d6fd3fdf8c9eac0b788518f
Carmelites
Carmelites# QUERY8c6b86230656a0f3a96c64fa1bb9b0c2
Eremites
Eremites# QUERY32721a28dfe9e1e4c147403b18fed6b4
Eremites# QUERY98e016ad86af4ebe0fcbb327c1759ce2
Goths# QUERYa6eb7f404b7cf1bc8b2e89f2790bc0e4
Goths# QUERY0a68af3f202ba114d90d6ff3e016224e
Vandals
Vandals# QUERYad3c7795ae970ff1856dd82b16fb77cc
Christians
Christians# QUERY92c0a54886c62f0f44df7c85360bcf27
Christians# QUERY6a61d203929e0c9a3c977e515f8ed40a
Clerics
Clerics# QUERY5c820bb6adf8b7ecbf635f0ca58d82a6
Cardinals
Cardinals# QUERY721ce151b4ad09e76b57cbb830ddf245
Cardinals# QUERY27cbe2003343e0461d2e478a7bb167a9
Silesia
Silesia# QUERY8e96a81ab0af79118624b740444e1baa
Silesia# QUERYb7316e89698ffb7f70ca2a3bfd351e92
Poland
Poland# QUERY69ada4642e2f987a4bb2b2b6971a2d19
Ludolf of Sagan
Ludolf of Sagan# QUERY5d00f54e94e699b41bc577ffef0dea67
Ludolf of Sagan# QUERY388884e8aa1525f0d9f9230637efb148
Occitania
Occitania# QUERYdbf36ec6484f150b1e5bdec2ab8e13a3
France
France# QUERYaa547d54b2a5b00e6ebd26029e47116d
Earthquake
Earthquake# QUERYe426678b226b849328357db8ba81d07e
Earthquake# QUERYdddb1e28278d561977938f50112d365e
South Germany
South Germany# QUERY76293752bcb6a779ba028e89de986ef9
South Germany# QUERYd0853497aa32418fd03080b88dcdca81
Wurttemberg
Wurttemberg# QUERY54f67f67dffceb43bd38934bd32072dc
Germany
Germany# QUERY1c9392ea6b7ffaaffd47cc3ec8ade2b7
Val di Pesa
Val di Pesa# QUERY0da0937d05e876e35cc54ce580b90a5e
Val di Pesa# QUERYf72f17051ef3b71d57c1f24b83e9b3dc
Thuringia
Thuringia# QUERY684090a31f8e54d8d543ce7eaba78d34
Thuringia# QUERYf34efc45ef9887b1dfde013a46464fba
Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati# QUERY7d558735eec4924c1cc6c4ac7d644c71
Coluccio Salutati# QUERYd0c933a78b847ea1d0394b0cdd373f65
Apulia
Apulia# QUERY7dabf7cccae69db7621cf7337d9837ea
Lombardy
Lombardy# QUERYa66bd8ef30346241b1656a52fc330a0e
Lombardy# QUERY7ef9fac7d9b5c73bf9cb370548e62994
Marche
Marche# QUERYa07dbcb964c5f26ebb1abfcb8b963510
Marche# QUERY3fcdefbf1245771f8a6b06a9f9920808
Romagna
Romagna# QUERY215c4d2fefeb2ee5b6fef88383f535f0
Tuscia
Tuscia# QUERYe9ec98fe5911f8f5698d56dea549c8e9
Tuscia# QUERYadb089f3e7dfcc24697332923c7ecfe8
Pope# QUERYdb07fc532782cc3b5a0daf6f5c18b6be
Pope# QUERY7819ea9659f15afc431cbd99daaa9c1c
Tuscany
Tuscany# QUERY52b79c943bf14dc39c50a7ee8bd46f95
Sweden
Sweden# QUERY3100cecdd005a23f98cb56863fc4613a
Sweden# QUERYd919ca841088ab6c761d8bfa18db9146
Catalonia
Catalonia# QUERY90adda4f93d96e1402976741dea20c72
Catalonia# QUERY524fd7b140bc368882ec2aa2eafaa9b9
Majorca
Majorca# QUERY204bdddcef9c486179c71944da500c97
Rhodes
Rhodes# QUERY4c0314f4687f5af1230edcb42648a2d5
Rhodes# QUERYe6d2198ecc18f6cc390b6d38f4908646
Cyprus
Cyprus# QUERYf85c7292ad19446b4e51a4e607ce424b
Moors# QUERY009e54ea2c3283bb8f41ad36b6cd1eab
Wallonia
Wallonia# QUERY661db92e97f90e743c68efd09327bdf5
Wallonia# QUERY0cb62e0ae4532a606a2ac5bae49b605f
Belgium
Belgium# QUERY878f20ef0b1fbe0b631adbc072fb372f
Belgium# QUERY84b1e69f3e53871e4d6c797dfbcd3c5c
Austria
Austria# QUERY04214d0e31280ea70bc402c7eca2e3a0
Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire# QUERY73bdedadd50119632b5239e2f655990b
Holy Roman Empire# QUERYdd79e78a4f551b982b96a005f5883df6
Climate
Climate# QUERY1ddc6946dec6e0dd1f2adb0ab1b3c667
Climate# QUERYfac6f381ed40e56e39c288ed9e570cc7
Bohemia
Bohemia# QUERYf9e1cb82b0715664ad97b9b02a3e19ce
Bohemia# QUERY2bb6ea00fb29bfe417a203f37cc19def
Westphalia
Westphalia# QUERY726beeb4380fc4b1c949c0a71090030e
Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône# QUERY12a5bf68b9634b511427d036211c0f7c
Bouches-du-Rhône# QUERY7b52622f39a8476ed30c7fe0dda41a36
England
England# QUERY99303f03375d7e32a116aa0ca1dcfa13
England# QUERY0f21f7d36aa5da8937264152959dce5a
Francesco Petrarca
Francesco Petrarca# QUERYe66a724bed1eabc8b8a8d3c05e0a7ffe
Francesco Petrarca# QUERY42c12730cfee4cfd98328cd177122579
Occitanie
Occitanie# QUERY04f5ba07e6508b925ecc77b87d7d0135
Occitanie# QUERYba86366badf54e0e813cdb72e36fdd69
Iceland
Iceland# QUERYb9b1c77fae14d629c424cd57fcb82a91
Iceland# QUERY4d45e33ccb65246298dc0f86a9de8b92
Ölfusá# QUERYae5aaa9a21bdf19871f016e96dd2af45
Ölfusá# QUERY57700cb96a257bc5b114a41cf860e17a
Italy
Anonymous
Anonymous# QUERYad8ddae8d3f405dba23e93e9215c1db4
Anonymous# QUERY89c13afdcc068390765ca12edd0ee32d
Europe
Egypt
Fire
Fire# QUERYd854c0619c0eaaa8c5f78ded71aacb04
Allgäu
Bavaria
Bavaria# QUERYf4b251b787159ffe54b5f90e5e65a782
Bavaria# QUERY3452e8ad5217da40e298acace9b910b3
Tunisia
Tunisia# QUERY86d733c1abb0cc429a0e7e57ca36570f
Tunisia# QUERY5d363deb2a604fa22bd6febf654432ed
Yam’ territory
Yam’ territory# QUERY3bd298ff91cf173d5a0445d57e106b6b
Yam’ territory# QUERYf9e8ee8f3e3fe552ccc9e16e904b6c33
Comet
Comet# QUERY362fe226f005b9be489639fdd0f7f2a4
Halley
Halley# QUERY72db8ab22ba9c5b638ede7c072730f45
Nothern Light
Nothern Light# QUERYd4fe3b72632c92c8f57533f24bac0156
Nothern Light# QUERY7da5acc8821899f1667c7f016c5db584
Central Germany
Central Germany# QUERY83705542927951cd11b38d566cb1f844
Central Germany# QUERY433e3afa9d0d69255246523b8c0e8bdd
Saxony
Saxony# QUERYcb8b9b6328dbb24b93500f5316a121db
Uppland
Uppland# QUERY32e5bab42a6abe8cfd665fbd5dcbcf37
Uppland# QUERY0feab1c9fbc954fe194e1f01a9adae6e
Hungary
Hungary# QUERY34867de48bc5c1b2483484a71e7d6ee5
Pope Innocent VI.
Pope Innocent VI.# QUERYd5f769bb714d62c3b7dc02770cd0cdf2
Pope Innocent VI.# QUERY75943d3dc85da4c67acbc976b035f275
Rhine# QUERY4b0dedc57026fd5e035511d6c0e74b7d
Rhine# QUERYb1c746a8ffd0b8ac93dbad12379e7b13
Benessius Minorita
Benessius Minorita# QUERY66ef4eb6b02b9070aaa4cf56d5e1856d
Benessius Minorita# QUERY333790db2aa18e18f8a3093ea9522354
Meteorite
Meteorite# QUERY1bff71a1776a78eddba2f09119f856b6
Meteorite# QUERYf9b971fd6535f405527ac92f07d84be0
Moravia
Moravia# QUERYfb967485eedef78874d8f874f7f1fa02
Moravia# QUERYe7e12ae612fa03eefff7f458bf4b1daf
Norway
Norway# QUERYe5feed04fa232b8228a198ac6d0b657a
Norway# QUERY3084254ac367ed0ce539bad28c3687cf
Brabant
Brabant# QUERY22562799aa1fce7b046fde292fb04cb0
Brabant# QUERYe08efcc47e92db5d646eeb1436613e93
Flanders
Flanders# QUERY5452df04258af6be089c93bc62ba5c13
Alsace
Alsace# QUERY9d1ab6a721c61ed8d4d3f02acc65922a
Carinthia
Carinthia# QUERYc85137deb1375eb0c850f7ecfae78800
Air
Northern Germany
Northern Germany# QUERYca50d3af1f1e6566bedaeeab2e67fd0f
Northern Germany# QUERY1d35c882b20892b927ec4a7f55eb413e
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein# QUERYfdcceb80ac15287d1eb09c2ae3fff9bf
Schleswig-Holstein# QUERYedc0906d6969da150be0102ad33c17c9
Weather
Weather# QUERYb0c81faebd61c36db8bcdc55dfc36806
Eastern Germany
Eastern Germany# QUERY668f0956fd179947027a8a4824bdcace
Eastern Germany# QUERY13e856d7b84dc4273eeb5b67f6f72c95
Buccio di Ranallo : Cronica. Edizione critica e commento (= Archivio Romanzo ). Florence 2008
Buccio di Ranallo# QUERYc8ee0262b2db151e3ff66c71ee731767
~Buccio di Ranallo*
Buccio di Ranallo# QUERYc2bf2b8b92bacea86f4f1b2ca57de74d
Buccio di Ranallo# SCITE8a512549140d66fb15d7a7978c7797eb
Syria# QUERY766db2910d669fa8d9ed2a103e9c4f06
Lorraine
Lorraine# QUERYde9c0b796cd4c3eab628a052b8292fce
Carthusian
Carthusian# QUERY00649b2848634f04a0bd327c64afecf9
Carthusian# QUERYa3db4a37f0a4f2ea23bec0f932d02402
Ukraine
Ukraine# QUERYb28db2de4d3bbefac99059fffb4cd704
Kettil Karlsson
Kettil Karlsson# QUERYaf2659e29ac837613047f0414ed65c81
Kettil Karlsson# QUERY0631ae03e92fb4209fc17aabed6de4a9
Oka# QUERY7805da0c6e08a087abbbc2945eafff44
Friars# QUERY434ae2bf3217a6d5c5f7eb3ecce82f35
Sigismund Rosicz
Sigismund Rosicz# QUERY013efa7382832d9ba54a82b2c78e68f0
Sigismund Rosicz# QUERY423ce7ce0f425ae0335987fdfecf5eb1
Semovit, Duke of Cieszyn
Semovit, Duke of Cieszyn# QUERYe0561174fe06f91c798dd5794cec4199
Semovit, Duke of Cieszyn# QUERY1722785de29ad55b0e0c565bff8be6d5
Denmark
Denmark# QUERY91ae3d1d166cedc213fdd323553ca2a5
Denmark# QUERY7987e0d1d6a9a6e42caebbac9d55c9ec
Auverge-Rhône-Alpes
Auverge-Rhône-Alpes# QUERY56b0d1066e707401c93060b0b18d63cf
Auverge-Rhône-Alpes# QUERYd089d1343d42ad5894b8736f9cdaec25
Johannes von Guben : Jahrbuecher des Zittauischen Stadtschreibers Johannes von Guben und einiger seiner Amtsnachfolger . In: Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum: Neue Folge . 1, Görlitz 1839 , pp. 1-112
Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften
Jahrbuecher des Zittauischen Stadtschreibers Johannes von Guben und einiger seiner Amtsnachfolger
Johannes von Guben# QUERY83b7715005194d8679a469d718e2702c
~Johannes von Guben*
Johannes von Guben# QUERYd2aaf5bf25968758e19b2ccb195c9f87
Johannes von Guben# SCITE1c22a04508ad1b5c7d0d82d1edf4ebfb
Switzerland
Switzerland# QUERYcf32eff588e29358e277f3dfd19e3484
Turks# QUERYb0db1ea7ca04e8b880de05ffebdb9b07
Hekla
Hekla# QUERY4d5819cba83e08bf19d2f2b1c79a72eb
Volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruption# QUERY4c99a080d01b8d400307f2eb21b40f4e
Volcanic eruption# QUERYebb7d8ee722fffbdc04254762fe2dc95
Finland
Finland# QUERYdcf8fa5452b4570c98886028674b4bea
Finland# QUERY04c57c8df01fba4454e1d2b65887fc6c
Alps# QUERYdfedf0523d1aa66e01719964ab4cb24f
Provence
Provence# QUERYcdd0e09b10fb1d290a15c8142d19b0ec
Provence# QUERYb9e56f6470808c51dcf3887ba24465d1
Burgundy
Burgundy# QUERY796c7b2227fb31d41876fd3c66af7692
Baden-Wurtemberg
Baden-Wurtemberg# QUERYcd2a4e14541f384ab0802e45fa0b5e48
Baden-Wurtemberg# QUERYf9eda01ab4e444077a68c5c8f382cb1e
Volga# QUERY5f6af2af0b13aa3ff328b38eb630a834
Arno# QUERY7b6200fa684cddab1b9a1cdeae7ce0cb
Arno# QUERYf4e29d3af5196468ccdf538e85ad356a
Nile# QUERY7c94dcf2ff2dd22e8acc529abbb2af4f
Nile# QUERYed600694faeb790a2f27b664b02fb6eb
Storm
Storm# QUERYff0c44b257d0fb28fecf5e7cb4add3e3
Storm# QUERY3a5c02027dd8fd54b87fd7421e93bd2e
Czech Republic
Czech Republic# QUERYec7de76791f9e513319c7d44a55c75d2
Czech Republic# QUERYfd94a2e86c26ebc165fc3ec036c18114
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony# QUERY0fe32ace99bc52c73b0692886a94e4a2
Gascogne
Gascogne# QUERYca036c04b195c82dea71997067f4f6b9
Östergötland
Östergötland# QUERY9d38d82440a0867441301e0aefb4b5e0
Östergötland# QUERY67d238ac61490ca13d004e905907342a
Karl Knutsson
Karl Knutsson# QUERY1c79ca3fda032179a552a218df67cc32
Karl Knutsson# QUERY758fda115a53268027628d941d8d4c73
Karl VIII
Karl VIII# QUERYc2af3937a5aa37ac576d43dea3c7296a
Lusatia
Lusatia# QUERY5d8b6de29222ba9627c04282f0b5fbd2
Daniel Gomolcke
Daniel Gomolcke# QUERY4d5ff152150d7972215b9f7451510e86
Daniel Gomolcke# QUERYd048e2a2dae1db0c3315938f62c8583f
Rain
Rain# QUERY33b0cd06ca5090420fc594f2ae956b1c
Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria# QUERY05096be4504edac35a1bceabed582030
Christopher of Bavaria# QUERYfeb598f0c91362a19be613832f6466ad
Danube# QUERY7f6a00b380e119b1a270aeacc4c70e05
Danube# QUERYb4bba01752aa995b24316eb0974e3b73
Christian I
Christian I# QUERY029c6fcc56e9dfcc579f02746bd9b39c
Heinrich Meibom
Heinrich Meibom# QUERYe842f74e101ba8a796570e1e6dd0f2b2
Heinrich Meibom# QUERYb6daaa63b3dd9817aa6a3316b0eeaa64
Baden-Wurttemberg
Baden-Wurttemberg# QUERY891bb8b1c6e3f426937d18662aace0d8
Baden-Wurttemberg# QUERY11e785d6024193ad1c6e2ac68b3f8757
Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague
Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague
Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague# QUERY9102d2fd14f09fab7e56fc5b8739b1de
Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague# QUERY47d691de997ec7fafa2aad504facf891
Erik Magnusson
Erik Magnusson# QUERY398e970dfb54fe073f96f96626c406a0
Erik Magnusson# QUERYae027b0db27a8baba83541d4a8791164
Flooding
Flooding# QUERY6fb18b5cba352e7a50738a597dab8a49
Corfu# QUERYa8a9b55fd913eb744e810981a0a63c1c
Lithuania
Lithuania# QUERY02dfe451f527adb92daf7a310ac1ffb5
Lithuania# QUERY56df19813ffa526e0b137e93a04979b8
Jazira
Jazira# QUERY17d540f83c005f23b00733b2caf1f5e7
Jazira# QUERY567b70641f829ed97d648fb5b1ea69b7
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia# QUERYcafc4aabf03f048eba8056e0316a45a0
Mesopotamia# QUERYe7400d2667d929f4f72841eaa110f21b
Peter of Zittau
Peter of Zittau# QUERY8ece5d5d26d8abb5ab8a5906da49d8ef
Peter of Zittau# QUERYced7c89398a04ea1ca53aa0496e50429
Pope Clement VI.
Pope Clement VI.# QUERYc8b44420e886512d773b5f4bba052a14
Pope Clement VI.# QUERY8f8b59c22f0fa959f3e7b2b98ce16a3b
Frost
Frost# QUERYa1b379de7a45f9f10873269fbd66fd5c
Flandern
Flandern# QUERY7ab8de9f953bb8d54a58fdf6db9423d2
Picardy
Schiavonia
Schiavonia# QUERY0fe77e21d7df72398c467b6adf691ef9
Livland
Livland# QUERYf15119e84ceef8b174697053ff236c9c
Livland# QUERY8f8c26972a4a7542bbeecbc1ab2d32c0
Prussia
Prussia# QUERYfc1cd6d62b7af54a8fd4f49b86e5fa25
Prussia# QUERYb0457431ac44a04eabd5ce6dc099b874
Lunar eclipse
Lunar eclipse# QUERYdf33c5413892ab6211145d7e3d518bc2
Lunar eclipse# QUERYf56c8cf37cc0ff0b6e105482ede13410
Franciscus Pragensis
Franciscus Pragensis# QUERY082cc62ea0b77331f647ff75679e22d7
Franciscus Pragensis# QUERY72e0e93d8c6b3818e8f79245a5def122
Shoemakers
Shoemakers# QUERYce8f16f64c6d71a408af1b36f02b1f0d
Shoemakers# QUERYcfe7c9777a6f9440b740f00b7a888aad
Nils Stensson
Nils Stensson# QUERYd6a3266a38345aede30b2f955c53af56
Nils Stensson# QUERY3186cf17e0dcffe477b5c24f048b2009
Portugal
Portugal# QUERYfd66bea42c579791e1c992c6274299c6
Portugal# QUERY28f88d54ecde08b097eace0e21149139
Brandenburg
Brandenburg# QUERY2e96869fefae563f37bbd898e3528059
Harz# QUERY5eaddd7e6d38379c82f47b2ee99dc4c1
Negef# QUERYdd05e13c674d865f7693e5daf64caa82
Negef# QUERYc9d90bd061345ddc06612775b9d0eed1
Limoges
Asia# QUERY7cd38aa4e8d70a766af5cfdf7d60eb2f
Armenia
Armenia# QUERY084bcf6d673b7acddd5290604e799c15
Friesland
Friesland# QUERYeb289c6996ad0e23c4fbbb26bd7774cc
Friesland# QUERY939f54b53ca9d66c3be38a31dcabfaa7
Holland
Holland# QUERYeb7a5259bedec146fb9fee4c1a9bb2c3
Mugello
Mugello# QUERY6b6af6875d299a05d78c1c40303df9ca
Mugello# QUERYe1e9eb8bb54c65e6306f9ba2799115d4
Northwest-Europe
Northwest-Europe# QUERYa600f2403542d3f2916ba44b9a9f82dd
Northwest-Europe# QUERY5ecf1293bb381664572006d3f383ec07
Britain
Britain# QUERY94d17a40426afbea9a7f82189fd39b69
India
India# QUERY8938725d36edc6de539ae7a5c80f058f
Anonymus : Cronica di Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BU 3670
King Henry VII.
King Henry VII.# QUERY23f0ebbf0128722eaeffae1a5aec39cc
King Henry VII.# QUERYa0f24997f0fa0070134f1cc45689eb65
Volhynian Rus
Volhynian Rus# QUERY0ab9b6d8f09e54ce4bb06a54a3674f6b
Volhynian Rus# QUERYa77ae4f07afc3869817b7740fc470cc6
Normandy
Normandy# QUERYaa51f64f89f50a87ff69df824a2c7820
Normandy# QUERYbbf0bf2db01777c16337c7d45be45b57
King Andreas II. of Hungary
King Andreas II. of Hungary# QUERY757a3fb6fc761daacf8dc49cc3c54de3
King Andreas II. of Hungary# QUERYebbe0fe099e36555df081f8e10ae5b38
Americas
King John of Bohemia
King John of Bohemia# QUERYf16b78a2acf7c9bcac7166089e87a3b6
King John of Bohemia# QUERY64cf13fda1f007243a1401293299e82e
Crimea
Crimea# QUERY3053f4df4055f50fe7ff835f7e1f8837
Crimea# QUERY7b4d1abaf03a6003fd204456bef34554
Lands of the Franks
Lands of the Franks# QUERYc1585f6167b9b13411d2485d336fe03e
Lands of the Franks# QUERY143f7f6fe61d68a093df62772fac89af
Emperor Charles IV
Emperor Charles IV# QUERY7dcd5cb136e5b0382f4c77398dbfb4a6
Emperor Charles IV# QUERY153eedd3fc2e11e1a6cc4936a2fcb1e7
Empress Elisabeth of Pomerania
Empress Elisabeth of Pomerania# QUERY9e6b4ff7572f69aa3d136ce1cb2686f9
Empress Elisabeth of Pomerania# QUERY86c3e6f966a22354683c5f5d9af9a100
Henry VI.
Henry VI.# QUERYba6e9313e416ed54783fc05ccc93eb3d
Henry VI.# QUERY50c49073c1080028efe56b3aea29bd65
Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania# QUERY11b944ca334db33a26b1a8f6d5158d89
Savena# QUERYc219cecbfa5f5a8d75898db795024553
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Nordrhein-Westfalen# QUERY82c411eae53894dfce80c5476f442168
Nordrhein-Westfalen# QUERY0510aecbfb46407709c6b9e36a3a3935
Alamannia
Alamannia# QUERY99ddcf985614819f8eb3be62cbe255cc
Alamannia# QUERYa0b56886da91c990c712d19e6edb044f
Pannonia
Pannonia# QUERY0bf60a6083a414b012be676a41faecb6
Mongols
Mongols# QUERY9dec438fd0cfe70aa0d82b1e68c8c9cb
Mongols# QUERYac89e6b3ff2e2c64bf802730dbb37fc4
Ladislaus Posthumus
Ladislaus Posthumus# QUERY804c761a2cae08bf9b1ebca79d9b873d
Ladislaus Posthumus# QUERYc8e0af1af9d6870462c7cf5650cfcd19
Babylonia
Babylonia# QUERY83727622485d6b6fbdd57ebbaf486991
Babylonia# QUERYbd241df0586317f2c8ec262b477282d7
Hebrides
Hebrides# QUERYe06853acea5dca0cf440bcdd2cf830b1
Hebrides# QUERY9d444a66bd335f0919df9cf8a9506252
Orkney Islands
Orkney Islands# QUERYf295248048a9cf6c5a4662993d37eda3
Orkney Islands# QUERY3c484cae4d3e459da9da55bd40495a97
Palestine
Palestine# QUERY015a2f4f06cab58d6b3312813ef0c057
Palestine# QUERY63fa3d2a10e3490ceafe2ad10d1f8ac1
Serkland
Serkland# QUERYf90c5b5c77e026ff411621308df4061c
Serkland# QUERY7c606530bf5e83131b215e71a606bfe6
Shetland Islands
Shetland Islands# QUERYe9f7189b5fec2aa2f7195991c605a790
Shetland Islands# QUERYe84ac5501af606eeaef4788ccd7acfbc
Faroe Islands
Faroe Islands# QUERY1cebfaaff1e75ff9fb0f42897cd17c97
Faroe Islands# QUERY59232cddbaaca3eba22fb0d4eb746f65
Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI# QUERYe349b2ba344e9b2352a31755415ae3f8
Pope Clement VI# QUERYa65544bf6f8c372e95e7f375470ae6e4
Shu# QUERYedd6e9195c1046ab5bb0099e26fd2fb2
China
China# QUERY72de1f6a8f41a983cf86eb7b491fd45d
Mongolians
Mongolians# QUERY7344f2bae0aff1c9a4d11ee8d1f85287
Mongolians# QUERY8adb99b7c13519f59b71df4d2606af37
Sōshū# QUERYea4905b0d7bffe2113b8c46f290239ca
Japan
Japan# QUERYc5d84ea7cdeabf244c32e06f7cbb03a7
Reggio Emilia
Reggio Emilia# QUERYa02367431ed2c606282b4c31ddcf183a
Reggio Emilia# QUERY57060900ecf0810527cd016624bc6fdd
Zealand
Zealand# QUERY7938aab85198ce4affe0d8cbc115ede0
Zealand# QUERY9820236d8a3b12f593a390c7ca0ac1c5
Pomerania
Pomerania# QUERYee7e9166977c1c882bcae4987865c158
Pomerania# QUERYef9c860a87f77a55e34ea8292a0e0f69
Gypsy# QUERY02faa16b261d747d42c1f9543ba94f0f
Pompeo Vizzani : Historie di Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BU 1476, pp. 5–98
Pompeo Vizzani# QUERY34837756a0bf729e8a16fea41b924a9f
~Pompeo Vizzani*
Pompeo Vizzani# QUERY57b26a0c830511a75bca71ab6a2dbe27
Pompeo Vizzani# SCITE4bc0e4e44b56e0ea2348db26b1a93c99
Cathai
Cathai# QUERYbdba53b1a42ed356916adf9841b62af4
Middle East
Middle East# QUERY7eb8248012b2ad6cfba7dcf254d48b0f
Middle East# QUERYf1f17e8538ee936cb877ffae4e7f75a4
Persia
Türkiye
Lightning
Lightning# QUERYb075f7d387e9aba3755c53db1c9eed64
Lightning# QUERYa047fa169b472c30a49a16890d36ecca
Arelat
Arelat# QUERYb78f0ba69ac48a25a7086cd55dc6e917
Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
Vladimir-Suzdal Rus# QUERYe3abdf30722ed7385de2833b52194714
Vladimir-Suzdal Rus# QUERY2a49212a6e7ebb6a9ea4cc1403b7c167
Louis I of Hungary
Louis I of Hungary# QUERY3fc0d7540c156bc539fdac5a83ffb957
Louis I of Hungary# QUERY4627fb54cfa64bb602a1dbae8ba16fd9
Levantine coast
Levantine coast# QUERY8ed73f1875500a398707a1d8bae0391a
Levantine coast# QUERY26f368189e5ff13fd71abce1e63430c3
Arpad# QUERYe88ea35f63ddc9d56fbb261f40bb3795
Pope Nicholas V.
Pope Nicholas V.# QUERYda8ad0977e5d744849b9a8ac9124c54c
Pope Nicholas V.# QUERY15c816293228a23f934d04dcad2b69db
Northern Italy
Northern Italy# QUERYaa09d20865d0dd0a86f23e03ab758616
Northern Italy# QUERY0c42e1f36a21acceb9bf89ca0d155d23
Extreme weather
Extreme weather# QUERY716d44d633500fd295331ec4add64819
Hubei# QUERY23f7a326ace55cf1bd2ca8db32c739dc
Russia
Russia# QUERY27216a39d8c7461e59f1e7ee4cf6624d
Russia# QUERY1f402d1c1b52c710607e9cbd980fffbf
Georgia
Georgia# QUERY18cddc1f118eca694beeb9c46bd96912
Magnus IV
Magnus IV# QUERY7dbc73951f6207e71b2f31dd2d7a0292
Magnus IV# QUERY00b1a1c7bfe88c8b2cf1fef983010a5a
Central Asia
Central Asia# QUERY07590c17238c181a59ca2dad68eb9b96
Ushmūm
Ushmūm# QUERYc49f2bccac7080e22059ed3d2596c9ea
Low Countries
Low Countries# QUERY3bebb30d4abc5fd6bf00ac8b889137ef
Zeeland
Zeeland# QUERYc36db02efb0a6033d584a5eb7e5251a9
Zeeland# QUERY64092b46c1457baabaf5bdc102158da8
Asia Minor
Asia Minor# QUERY3be2f37572c9416a47bb2b40bdd250c2
Asia Minor# QUERY8f6f75af563fbd3374ff714861600ab3
The Horde
The Horde# QUERYbc050d99fa31b20f9d0a75a2b863262a
The Horde# QUERY0638fc6b5a618d1420589f0d0e15cc58
Giacomo Ronco : Compendio della storia della città di Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur) BU 1124, n. 9, pp. 304r-327r
Compendio della storia della città di Bologna
Giacomo Ronco# QUERY829b9db829a9d402091f66fbb954016e
Giacomo Ronco# QUERY449e325fb430fba2a7757fe8f2aafe2c
Giacomo Ronco# SCITE41efdf4db1bef9b3484d009a9c96dfdf
Achille Bocchi
Achille Bocchi# QUERY362f7eb19c9a1d8a7dd08f526f3c3672
Achille Bocchi# QUERY1d1f0a10feb32816d292f6b30c05a7b8
Horse# QUERYda718ab1a59ec32099f121b4416a23fe
Fanāʾ
Fanāʾ# QUERYea8fd135d9c5e48e34a1c7b1a4ce44ef
Fanāʾ# QUERYf5e082d56008a2b9e0f414a5fa21d9f3
Smallpox
Smallpox# QUERY9ef23fdab9549ede63315f8c084d0e75
Smallpox# QUERY51d8592dac64b4c34552b8bb97cff88c
Plague
Plague# QUERY10b921309b4adda5a66f217faf122a0a
Plague# QUERY7d832b3def74672be0ce4bb84fe8f67d
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi# QUERYa2a0ef7a662302144cef66c5fd5e5f9d
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi# QUERYb38072ddaf10008b2f7bd76ea7bd8c28
Wabāʾ
Black Death
Black Death# QUERYbebebcea68d2736a75885162681ed469
Black Death# QUERYdb91d9c5a2bc34a82eed5e983c8df3a8
Levante
Levante# QUERY697c8be7cc025c9ca946c4aa323240ac
Lebanon
Lebanon# QUERYa71403cd0b23adb55b2f1314ea6dfe3b
Lebanon# QUERY00a102db4fc5f89fd15841d8d0fc1b63
Sheep# QUERY17b13b9ce1f1f1ec02287cc5ce5931c0
Cattle
Cattle# QUERY4ddfbd1b731af2093615314fce742c60
Cattle# QUERY69f45937963f02b2dce367ec99fdaaf1
Mice# QUERYd1e189b1b2e1ca5e42c83852788b3dda
Eye pain
Eye pain# QUERY293b0fb390e01bff52abdbe4616939fa
Stitch illness
Stitch illness# QUERY1688310a7e7a268174bbe74c27c7a5e6
Stitch illness# QUERY20f2eefceca201a2d751c82bab3c85e3
Rocznik Malopolsk
Rocznik Malopolsk# QUERY3a41ca96b66725db5d99e4087e992e11
Rocznik Malopolsk# QUERY6316b3f3e75914e2758e83546e119ce9
Livestock
Livestock# QUERY8b214885b4c9bd0c938be60b024884c4
Livestock# QUERY7b677f4c2d77544fc6091e695cdccc10
Horning (Norfolk)
Horning (Norfolk)# QUERYa8dcf77834b5b2d37c558e999a4a1e86
Horning (Norfolk)# QUERY993d8ab222cbd07552536d415aee3302
Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate# QUERY9bd6e5c477b61da1e8aa9c03a5c61624
Abbasid Caliphate# QUERYbb087d83bc775e79bc150103de7af6fe
God
Ṭāʿūn
Ṭāʿūn# QUERYebe2fb4438b85c81adeaf610d6ba548e
Ṭāʿūn# QUERYe419f5dab5920372ffc4088ed896f20d
Grief
Grief# QUERY2ed9fd1bd741692091b3461de75f8efd
War
Medicine
Medicine# QUERYf435ea446ba2666b2ce3ecf18b3e644c
Medicine# QUERY21f51c24522b4a957cbad25e6200aa0d
Oxen# QUERYcab968c551d3fa441c4f784491bf78e0
Pig# QUERYc97133e9faede2a0a484e677bdd2127a
Lodovico Ostesani
Lodovico Ostesani# QUERY79d00f543aeed6e0243438cdf5bf0816
Lodovico Ostesani# QUERYff26466ed984b38e898c1560b5d488eb
Animal desease
Animal desease# QUERY405fcb893b82b4e3d6d88bbe816b941e
Animal desease# QUERY2728040c656f3e3195e0462fe0ba5216
Caterpillar
Caterpillar# QUERYe14926568cc536444dca04ca36cae9a4
Caterpillar# QUERYafce2fe9baec754fe09b9807ae3cbeac
Amrāḍ
Amrāḍ# QUERY7ae2e6bf55fdcd864ed7a60cb0e7a54f
Symptoms
Symptoms# QUERYe51c2344b1e65c24b076c1e12e1c9389
Symptoms# QUERY70bc06f4406aa4d62bcd3d52474abe25
Chicken
Chicken# QUERY84269767dc7095f8e1b960c89abff0f7
Chicken# QUERY33f5862243ed8e8d32d7e0139eefa438
Cat# QUERY5ce1ab7d8c962eb7dad819e002bf9f2f
St Mary
St Mary# QUERY83cc5edbf4bcdf47c3013b428e4a3063
Giacomo dal Gambaro : Memorie levate dai Giornali del Sig. Giacomo del Gambaro delle cose seguite in Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, pp. BU 581, n. 10
Memorie levate dai Giornali del Sig. Giacomo del Gambaro delle cose seguite in Bologna
Giacomo dal Gambaro# QUERY70ff74a920ee3fbdc691757c0be8364a
~Giacomo dal Gambaro*
Giacomo dal Gambaro# QUERY7f4d38408427a83b9fdcc8252efcbfd4
Giacomo dal Gambaro# SCITEe4fa758fa65b8bced4c4d04d807243f1
Procession
Procession# QUERY48f9252dacf3e449922a765bac8b0117
Procession# QUERY26b30c087993b7cd01e880beb3e2689f
Ergotism
Ergotism# QUERY1ad36e5718055d5db80c0f049fa24fc5
Ergotism# QUERY085197c9e5167ac3674fa835ceda9780
Elbe# QUERYf3af22e59d64d0779f852b7bebe78e19
Elbe# QUERYb14a4c7a7c4fa8dc5efe74a3c7e8e5f5
Assyria
Assyria# QUERYdea5060c582814af0a6cf554f42aead2
Beth Nahrin
Beth Nahrin# QUERYfc10b09beaf312f338a89eea6445461c
Beth Rhomaye
Beth Rhomaye# QUERYe8318ac61b492efd8cce1e672f6a6f2e
Punishment
Punishment# QUERYa822d5ee3d01f6a30f2832c0a3dd494a
Punishment# QUERYbdca1c37730e96e3a474c888e01a5113
Mosquito
Mosquito# QUERY4abbddc69b661ee0d54323625c608c14
Mosquito# QUERY0266b0ba3c698506ea58348d89c2f3cd
Hospital
Hospital# QUERY8f16baa7413c046ae1431b63c78bbd96
Hospital# QUERYbf471999c1353c78427bfe76cfef6c81
Typhus
Typhus# QUERYa481b75ce579c19b4aa04f054b86b074
Typhus# QUERYd46afcf383a5bcecd169904028b9415a
Dysentery
Dysentery# QUERY9e96dd273de319ec2573e8a0b281e1f1
Dysentery# QUERYe60d2c01c2e075ad4ac8d98e5094dc76
Greece
Greece# QUERY4954d47a4eb67a110b93be691abb30d2
Turkey
Turkey# QUERYcca8c54910ee5c16f34653f46995c07d
Turkey# QUERYf83546ab241acac1a8d0335ac4ae673a
Religion
Religion# QUERY85c3d314badbb4d65c8826c2e74d585f
Orient
Orient# QUERY7bcb5df36a138a0bd3df9528d0ba9504
Orient# QUERY434dddf48fd5ede17527c1b00c0e5f50
Saint Birgitta
Saint Birgitta# QUERY55212cd7766a095d1fc3a117e8896b63
Saint Birgitta# QUERY83593176b60c0511aa75ebf84cb00aec
Thunderstorm
Thunderstorm# QUERY33c32c8e3d8d71daad1d132aad4e88e1
Thunderstorm# QUERY74dc7f6a11581e3178f14d074d285e19
Africa
Africa# QUERYb2ba8ade46cc66f2e9959391db72eb5a
Africa# QUERYf6dbc9254a77ebc232ec11d06436fe67
Corsica
Corsica# QUERYd82d456343ffebf5eaf8f127e52b7270
Corsica# QUERY2ab85f6258bd2a64159c4628dabb303e
Dauphiné
Dauphiné# QUERYd5b0fe9f3a5fcbec2b266ed2ecf7cef5
Dauphiné# QUERY565ae79c45f1c7f9b3f0d02d1096570d
Sardinia
Sardinia# QUERYf0a7c9b96a0ebe24e701a8cee26b2768
Sardinia# QUERYef27f1793e22d2c7f9a212ea6d58dbb1
Romania
Romania# QUERYa051172d8fc2c24f5a43fb42c7af10d6
Romania# QUERY64b25229669dda8e50a7defb920bccf8
Spain
Spain# QUERYb87cddb9d43a9ff81fcc05e20362f769
Spain# QUERYe98dd6a271b080c893aee7da68fad4fc
Scotland
Scotland# QUERYbfadefd33585d5dfb36fb2a73b507a7d
Scotland# QUERY0e70398b06cafc90995b4458df0760f0
Society
Society# QUERYa737f818e21d63b2600c0d641bf6acf8
Society# QUERY6bc67ea7fbb62f10660c54ff8e67a820
Apennines
Apennines# QUERY55f9c0f006c4058aee22f0fed7483344
Apennines# QUERY37000e6ef46ef72b1e7d40748b6a9854
Ubaldini
Ubaldini# QUERYbbff69b5d5bb4664e75bed150a536132
Locust
Locust# QUERY0ee2a67e0edf200c7cca18f9e6f0d3d1
Eggs# QUERYbfecc4b7a91aa1d5c7eca8226976a612
Eggs# QUERY64bb4c85edef5c1dc7e7d2ffda6313ff
King Louis the Great of Hungary
King Louis the Great of Hungary# QUERYe6751c18007838145255bb71cbec2cec
King Louis the Great of Hungary# QUERY234185a9b96ced16bd52cbe1354f63e3
Birds# QUERYb1dbdb4791f53ad34bb224c19f85444a
Flea# QUERYd4a9fd6261fe9070964c98e8a3e68fe2
Flea# QUERY7b2df69417bd12e4c372e503ffcf8f20
Holstein
Holstein# QUERY1de9bb424523711d1c08feb8cd16455a
Holstein# QUERYf82d803cf446a0f620de1944f0cd487d
Poison
Poison# QUERYbf6775e5c1ba6f5170bad4cdbb9a47b1
Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg# QUERYb942a3828ff021be4e89a21100cda3a1
Mecklenburg# QUERYe18f909f685b004b6ea6507e1b30b38e
Appetite
Appetite# QUERY701c4c9b2928a93205ebffb580d4fb62
Southern Europe
Southern Europe# QUERY183bae1f22a20c7077be97d9a6ebe279
Southern Europe# QUERY0290adecdb6829536f705f6cc9646f1e
Persecution
Persecution# QUERYa70462261e68fadc03e9a3360d28382a
Persecution# QUERY9db6542a1270de9626ac788d03eeb2f6
Fazio Novello della Gherardesca
Fazio Novello della Gherardesca# QUERY3dba4dfdea401aafb9b8f5a619e32698
Fazio Novello della Gherardesca# QUERY641b8f14eb1f9b483f9e67f0ce40c60c
Liguria
Liguria# QUERY3d0ef29e9df33f7fd888a13adb152224
Giovanni Bocciaccio
Giovanni Bocciaccio# QUERY2d01e504acfb53f979e94b6d9c6091b7
Giovanni Bocciaccio# QUERYda7cc727a8516cbaf158bed72aff4c49
Miasma
Miasma# QUERY2bcc7094dd66fa5567fbae01881b4656
Swellings
Swellings# QUERY3e82b2f2a50d92b7314a894f256e4f43
Mediterranean
Mediterranean# QUERY78004f33b02e1b25c028dad2b26eb0e7
Mediterranean# QUERY3c9ec3f0aa9713ba2f9a9b0afe16f6aa
Arne Einarsson Vade
Arne Einarsson Vade# QUERY59554c1634dbb15d79c990bc66d4f114
Arne Einarsson Vade# QUERY981c3714dae21d81402e49b903a6ce37
Olav of Nidarholm
Olav of Nidarholm# QUERYddf8633738da42e0f5f514890fbf7242
Olav of Nidarholm# QUERY76968c72b72f6a5a3077a71bcc9fd35e
Donkey
Donkey# QUERYdfc2be76bfeaa2a734b60c3a99f59b55
1345# QUERY2e5ffd098bbfbd771d4afd6350b7ae68
1348# QUERYc59e5a3cfd874921220ceac1f8ea8bda
Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia
Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia# QUERYaa7e9bd9ff1a4e73a9b7fa0ed88b2363
Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia# QUERY0305a7c1ef654a70aee256a769a492c0
1241# QUERYd1965e1b2e8f68eba9ecb5217cadd0a5
Ophthalmic disease
Ophthalmic disease# QUERY95014342d9b8896bff7d9188106b8f50
Ophthalmic disease# QUERYce26201b6aca496204456ccbf14c7237
1327# QUERY1cfa4498c01cc295ba64b0febc6f08be
Locusts
Locusts# QUERY876e8138208a01c60557fd2bdaa5b3ea
1258# QUERY945cfccf51a3ae9bd1c89d0adfc3911f
Johannes Stetter
Johannes Stetter# QUERYadc4a3ff6d41c1f9643f4daef8e0d7a6
Johannes Stetter# QUERY8d5c1e6220b6dd69f5e6b4c120136c63
Romerike
Romerike# QUERY1acf86e7bbf1f0b5a707099e30da0c18
Romerike# QUERY0bcc2ca43e9c1e421537bab75c15378e
St Sebastian
St Sebastian# QUERYee23a3aead920e4633b7bae029c5d660
St Sebastian# QUERY51abf0507a2a5f5a35accdb40e9311cd
Pilgrimage
Pilgrimage# QUERY7a4c648da900035f215d18695933c3bd
Pilgrimage# QUERYbec030b39e49523d4d3e3a6bedc74a34
1231# QUERYe26f82c9d3a690e57dddbbde6cbac743
1352# QUERYef4acd1dc142efbfe2a31859341ae69a
1271# QUERYc36e970fd2ecb3c4d5f1c93bddc5790e
Andalusia
Andalusia# QUERYe2a201df2137b6cfce8a93bd7c6b1453
Andalusia# QUERY3bf1b7b3708ae32417d31d623c5e2e85
Ethiopia
1305# QUERY6ad48da2fbe01dbcef892c777e7d7a2a
Ireland
Ireland# QUERYcc589f85ea324ea9dddcd0c8e78a1303
Horses
Champagne
Champagne# QUERY0100a1921af001a095fe6b3c3660f0ee
Champagne# QUERY59e4d15c6a121c7689da7eb6e7970b74
Cappadocia
Cappadocia# QUERYf2f6858ff53a88818f557ef7ebc3ecd5
Dalmatia
Dalmatia# QUERYe54f67cb339d4f6b6b11634cd31ddc74
Mallorca
Mallorca# QUERY5ad8ff1d833eef25a0acd0c9b6de31fa
Mallorca# QUERY02b5dc54c03bacf171adf42a87a97aa7
Toscana
Toscana# QUERYde55b643de5f44d65d39709acccb0be0
Crete# QUERYdd26c7ec295a656c594a929be295cf53
Levant
Levant# QUERYf9ed33a761289b9ac24efa799c212c13
Fljótsdal
Fljótsdal# QUERYdaa12744bc3ed6d077da829a4f44799f
1060# QUERYe6852fbf964aff63db66b9b7ccbce8ca
1309# QUERYcdaa4aaabb790edaef367d957d09ca98
John, Markgrave of Moravia
John, Markgrave of Moravia# QUERY7d6bd0f073037e7a0b39d4e0edfb7100
John, Markgrave of Moravia# QUERYd18d288917359fad896f2e98bf6f439b
Jón Sigurðsson
Jón Sigurðsson# QUERY63406a3bb5b0d446cab3ff08649e1880
Jón Sigurðsson# QUERY531c2bf0f72f16338cd14d4d5484c7e1
Ormr Ásláksson
Ormr Ásláksson# QUERY4d99ced294bcbe67de3ebefaa85d3968
Ormr Ásláksson# QUERYaa1cea4b08c34f070c831df8b2a6c02b
Saint Magnús Erlendsson
Saint Magnús Erlendsson# QUERYbb343032335a26a57e863dd93e1d6de3
Saint Magnús Erlendsson# QUERYe3f0255b146cb5cb494a1b71ac0acb79
1388# QUERY4e5e263fbe2b374228d2ec00ab1aaceb
Cattle disease
Cattle disease# QUERYbfabfcf16850b186d05caf09ae427258
Cattle disease# QUERYa508936dff9321806aa416db860dfeb2
1360# QUERYeceee390bae257ffbd95fc0bfb04da7e
1360# QUERY09a22faa74ea6dcb03a933af7beface8
Pestis quinta
Pestis quinta# QUERYab9aae5329bb4866c77527bccb945ebe
Pestis quinta# QUERY18f3a336aca343b225a41f0d9041e8d4
1366# QUERY77fbdb1d3f2c19cdceaab7b453efc0a9
1362# QUERY5ea3eb2d7cacddb8bcdf3d8cfbc81ce3
Pestis secunda
Pestis secunda# QUERY0bb5655ca54c7a06b25c8fb5f69609c7
Pestis secunda# QUERYd30d2bd75d2cd15ce13516fc18421085
Moselle
Moselle# QUERY451c7b8ed63d86e1247548c8fcbbbfee
Moselle# QUERYcf5902d0821ec01dfaf6d5f4e19383be
1406# QUERYc22becd0cde76349fcdcc34888d6cc0a
1406# QUERY3d7cddae412e9b21ce0b86ddd06fc2d2
Greater Syria
Greater Syria# QUERY70e967696c8a7b03b61b8b8c26b975a5
Greater Syria# QUERY7fbfe24dfa4cc207947c7a20fa0adb60
1540# QUERYcefbdc85ec40e152db61182dcca4611b
Pestis tertia
Pestis tertia# QUERY51f7a4ecdb20cc15d6f37121ddff1042
Pestis tertia# QUERYc00feabe59af9e491b0a956846b2110c
1448# QUERYc812f0ad7bcba089eb8d142d03e25eef
1448# QUERYee1579bfca920d65b44eaaef5bd364b0
1418# QUERYfa2df2f30babbfff646251e6bdc46b95
1380# QUERYcf5da3caaa595bb6dab12f8ebd4ee723
1552# QUERYe0d4b7cb8b15ca56db05cd7cfbb37b20
1398# QUERY9fdfeb187888078fcea4229bddaffc8d
1427# QUERYedda7fe0ffe64f38d65fdc531cbd044d
Kidneyache
Kidneyache# QUERYbce99b9df1207ebff149df1d53bb7d47
Kidneyache# QUERY2de0f0f245bc1fc82a5567c8e9fad4ea
Shoulderache
Shoulderache# QUERY0c64f26112b421cc01c22d03af3dd8e9
Shoulderache# QUERY64cb3cf13e606f01869d55e5ae89ff29
Sleep
Sleep# QUERYaa53ad7452dd151623ef02a6565ccd13
1464# QUERY797c52c07f0c9bbc51ff36f82aeca2db
Zoonotic
Zoonotic# QUERY101e3231580ee6f21181136aa8dbe4ca
Zoonotic# QUERYcc1208a215bf1f7c6d7ab81a08af1cd1
1466# QUERYa67eeee0a9ddf053e54cb4b4d221e97e
1462# QUERYede25a49eecacb3af1b19b1030eb6e81
1455# QUERY39ef20aebf6292880f9af6cadbbcc3e7
Southern Germany
Southern Germany# QUERYedeb5730d80b3ee0fa4b01967a40546b
Southern Germany# QUERYaa07ff824235dd284f5ff9e79dbb4724
Mild weather
Mild weather# QUERY1a9389f84caa86f53d32820027681cfb
Mild weather# QUERYd90c453a9cc9b416069aa00e1518946b
Bellyache
Bellyache# QUERYee844d264631ad2e1509bc763b36f14d
Animal plague
Animal plague# QUERY6b61cb0103af706ae5b855b941cb2921
Animal plague# QUERYf3785e5bd7d5386934d43f54269e55ca
1424# QUERY0d5eba1b071ab54e4efe3fe5d9dd7b61
Picota
Picota# QUERYb34d99320d9b30ab81b6a746e714e5fd
1413# QUERYeb2b33b78cc3af00d6e8c2938c7bdacf
Year of the disease.
Carboncles
Carboncles# QUERYcd7b524b0b8bdd46f309d7d6fd3dd345
Carboncles# QUERY05b09488a5cbc3bd1c9584c152ed1ac3
Syphilis
Syphilis# QUERYf4546eec77f7c9a4593e16820ae5956c
Syphilis# QUERY993eae93dc95eb714f0e78e35b3bbc25
Pestis quarta
Pestis quarta# QUERY0a083f68a43bae0eec36cd7a306648a9
Pestis quarta# QUERY07583a2da01b6c25082c3da6bea3eff8
Filippo Villani
Filippo Villani# QUERY6f78a5ccd9cb4ea210cbe34a29c74df0
Filippo Villani# QUERY145cd70e90c3b016b6e4d9dc75f02b35
Matteo Villani
Matteo Villani# QUERYbeb688cb638375da35f84fd3c935dfa4
Matteo Villani# QUERY0b775144aa9b73e6830d2e8726b048b4
1463# QUERY873dc2b9ae6013f6fafadb6a60aa322f
Istria
Istria# QUERY6d5f96718f8bdbe28c0506a4b93c56c1
Istria# QUERYbb9fccf4fcbede4869fcb38d01940de6
Slavonia
Slavonia# QUERY802c67f52cdfdbc5681df446f8b124a7
1452# QUERY2a0457d1da1a9bfc29cd6b85138abdcb
1452# QUERY72e2ccbbed7bbb51b947df75e31fb279
1191# QUERY1703fdf65c249ffd0e2dfcb8ebf314cc
1256# QUERYc70dde0febc72ece7584b16d6f8f2e5b
1240# QUERY91dd6dabaf1765aca5ebaaeb5ccf84b1
1147# QUERYe7fc1c1b9e6c8cdd7ba338bde7f59d77
1357# QUERYefe6c6a8d2f2d0ae345deed1a8d163fa
1292# QUERY8884bfa8b29d7d3a3f5c42eacdcecec2
1391# QUERY1ce95095fab7a28cced5d31bccbe75ee
1320# QUERY4a5d53eadbabf2c723605fcd551b44fb
1371# QUERYe6fc434db25296dcbf955426eaadcafd
1252# QUERY4e29ad408bd0d02c6b1dd1f3fccb765a
1230# QUERYd9aae38cbbf73787e8f3e2fba4888ec1
Snake# QUERYb1e920437d7eef84a3fd6ac32720cfa5
Chest pain
Chest pain# QUERY05026be0832ec9a35c017831a20bb1c9
Chest pain# QUERY33a27a207463dda89f83f37e06d5f05a
1419# QUERYb5c657cb9dd28addc10a6e43f8dac931
Vladyka Ivan
Vladyka Ivan# QUERY241b7c35fbde2ef7e7fca82897975af2
Pope John XXII.
Pope John XXII.# QUERY43ea871c4338053e8cd65763ec01df18
Pope John XXII.# QUERY8263fecd366f50c05239e40f2117def5
Bürzel
Bürzel# QUERY592ec537648ee41d01531ee8a2ed25a6
Ulcers
Ulcers# QUERY94b7b009508959cabf8e4cf4e67dbc49
Ulcers# QUERY09094ec8c5a9d6d5ff0ea1457c4db2d8
Joannis de Czarnkow
Joannis de Czarnkow# QUERYe99da3625598777dcf4660f72828c916
Joannis de Czarnkow# QUERY559a0ead9bd02a53548434474e8e2969
1369# QUERY60a9cfcefaea7f6ecdaf9b7d2f981f0e
Styria
Styria# QUERYa8c42dedbac932cbc577a73fd7c28fc7
1368# QUERY0f643c4b5ebaf3c7e6ccaff8171d46a9
1197# QUERY3da42afde326b9b6ba9c2dd979c81ff7
1116# QUERYa5e1ddf404f0ffceffce1b8093e39ab5
1529# QUERYc10fbfa0781ef7dd5ffeac2fceba8e5c
Sweating sickness
Sweating sickness# QUERYcab75c20bc2752e836743638a21a4aac
Sweating sickness# QUERYae0a0229025d59adaa4798424970c049
1262# QUERYdc9daf0ec8e9a07a98da44e37a26c82d
1457# QUERYe5aaef6477cfb07d58f0c6e50abdc57e
1457# QUERY9a2a74ecf1b3b1befeaa017eecfa3293
San Donnino
San Donnino# QUERY65a4ade3f0ff03f0ebeb1a795a88d518
San Donnino# QUERYce63f7378623270bd2b1718d990dd3b3
1306# QUERYda4cc92c2baa77c9e521b7e8adb0a962
1420# QUERYa8ef8643cd7d4e0eb79a5fa60b7de37c
1093# QUERYfe0f742f220d6b0fcad153bb8b865faf
1173# QUERYee431e36ea661aaec6d6ff4e9d3b28fe
1302# QUERY3a201ebbe9e3fd347bfedf92a4d5b4c1
Properieulle
Properieulle# QUERYcd8a6959ff61c7695a0ecac25f2573a0
Properieulle# QUERYc06cbb3ea7eb875d2d2ef921a5059745
1265# QUERYb1eeae746f6eaebd966f2a7c1593cee2
1287# QUERY3a8d4dbb7aecb9ef1f0bea5c6cf1a437
Alfonso of Aragon
Alfonso of Aragon# QUERYd9cb0cb2fd76632cc9d5ef6602561ae6
Alfonso of Aragon# QUERY348902bf5bee96001ede8d8f4f35cbf4
1170# QUERYb8ecca0ceafc5c01de1498e37ffb44f9
1154# QUERYf8d6dbafbbc6f4b4d620971dbad05b9b
1392# QUERYc32a98bfd114bd3d6bb9e9958fa5cd7a
1281# QUERYa8efa67ca6ddaee73daf97f838f0b34f
1178# QUERY90b5dd57b7e3b90d0ccdf83bc2e45a4a
1499# QUERY5f8925f1cee78fdeab4f3dbcc43f35f6
1211# QUERYba2e23ad0ed6fe18a06bee7255cedd28
Flu# QUERY8c08beedc5a7dc8e841bf095c3cdc946
1486# QUERY43f29f67be1f4bf3c1252a3cfeff3cba
Tree frogs
1416# QUERYc613e86b3115dcea7bfae8ae33cfd4b7
1416# QUERYfcde6411abec3ded8243d97bb77476bb
1295# QUERY047af4d3766c5e61ffe08e8d39edafbf
1490# QUERY6443e55f0c9bccd27d9f3a26fdbba83c
1517# QUERY3e5b5bff5fe3508f31be8e97fc42ed8a
1190# QUERY7e6db65761bbe2dcacad95fccb774994
1330# QUERYb5d203e3b9ec4bcd9bc4e7f3d87d4d95
1338# QUERYdce0fb7a53eae9e1879973cf7f75f3cd
Cathay
Cathay# QUERY49fe47180e988f2bf2c6bd2f0711e7f9
Snakes
Snakes# QUERY498bdf3b4c1cf08f98afa061a81a4bd3
Snakes# QUERYc4861e9b34bcbc2d18c11f22eea08002
1542# QUERY5e58ea4ceebcd93e6ac9f40c17b10ec6
Poitou
Poitou# QUERYefa692fd7c6c14704f73938753b4dd9c
Poitou# QUERY91849fadc7602891198cd9b709beec7f
1286# QUERYe9bd6d8dba50f12ba80ae1e2887aa19a
1578# QUERY9ae91a24fe7cce6a01ade7984315aade
1498# QUERY615ac632ef49da5da7bbc2847cfe18ce
Rougerieulle
Rougerieulle# QUERYc2e03a0e64f924a991766ae283fc8294
Rougerieulle# QUERY65eeb91198d2322c3e8d8b72b5ff448a
Rubeola
Rubeola# QUERY1cbee9668030c2e544f4a5da3a4d793b
Rubeola# QUERY8ed1ec4daeb211872a2abfb8dd434cee
Dysentry
Dysentry# QUERYa833c221ae2e9231be5f503cfae8f94d
Glene
North Jutland
North Jutland# QUERYd547b8322a4ec4c01fd0850d7efccf99
North Jutland# QUERYbe824512b930ab40ce3a73e5bf80a83b
Tongue-disease
Tongue-disease# QUERY0a77ed7dcb65c5d868e00324ba2d4dba
Tongue-disease# QUERYbae460de566e9512d68c4c4f6d73d22b
Rangárvellir
Rangárvellir# QUERYdd6983cfc5fb56c1454241841392dc92
Rangárvellir# QUERYe88c752ed6f1cbee30db40674405bf45
Vérole
Vérole# QUERYd5a2f9822055bf4d945e3385ee480bc2
Bonamenta Aliprandi : "Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua" . In: Breve Chronicon Monasterii mantuani sancti Andree ord. Bened. di Antonio Nerli (AA. 800–1431). Segue in appendice o Cronica di Mantua (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1908 , pp. 21–183
"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua"
"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua"# QUERYff3fa2530ee42c7d9ecfd0f43a0bea45
~"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua"*
"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua"# QUERYdadd8953047232ec050b420b4589e9ad
"Aliprandina" o "Cronica di Mantua"# SCITE2d647a79b5f95ca684a2d6a6bcc6d9e9
George Boustronios : A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus, 1456–89 (= Sources for the history of Cyprus ). Cyprus Research Centre, Nicosia 2005 , ISBN 9963080928
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus, 1456–89
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89# QUERY262c3619dfcaaeef4d0e5dce2c1411c2
~A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89*
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89# QUERY47693be83b0e712340ab2381b419ca08
A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456-89# SCITEb830e98db5260a78881a0fdf4918399d
Abū l-Fidāʾ, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī : Al-Mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar . 4 vols., Cairo 1998-1999
Muḥammad Zaynuhum Muḥammad ʿAzab, Yaḥyā Sayyid Ḥusayn and Muḥammad Fakhrī al-Waṣīf
Abū l-Fidāʾ, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī
~Abū l-Fidāʾ 1998-1999*
Abū l-Fidāʾ 1998-1999# QUERY5c5f9177149cb4d6eeb733db81dbdfcb
Anonymus : Annalen eines Anonymus / Acta aliquot Francofurtana (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 136-148
Annalen eines Anonymus / Acta aliquot Francofurtana
Acta Francofurtana 1884# QUERY9126f7606b430bf4554d90c7c03fa863
~Acta Francofurtana 1884*
Acta Francofurtana 1884# QUERY9a7a0c04892ba131eb9a0adb7b5e6a45
Acta Francofurtana 1884# SCITEe91b8978c836fe52692bfd77bae12b48
Agnolo di Tura del Grasso : Cronache senese attribuita ad Agnolo di Tura del Grasso detta la Cronica Maggiore . In: Cronache senesi (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 1). Zanichelli, Bologna 1939 , pp. 253–564
Alessandro Lisini and Fabrio Iacometti
Cronache senese attribuita ad Agnolo di Tura del Grasso detta la Cronica Maggiore
Agnolo di Tura del Grasso 1939# QUERY19dc4566ca40eb770f76d2f019fd7a26
~Agnolo di Tura del Grasso 1939*
Agnolo di Tura del Grasso 1939# QUERY0d5327cfa48843d3267827b61237dec9
Agnolo di Tura del Grasso 1939# SCITEda0e1fe6ccbc98433a0e088eea52ae07
al-Birzālī, ʿAlam ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Qāsim : Al-Muqtafī ʿalā Kitāb Al-Rawḍatayn li-Abī Shāma . 4, Beirut 2006
al-Birzālī, ʿAlam ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Qāsim
Al-Muqtafī ʿalā Kitāb Al-Rawḍatayn li-Abī Shāma
Al-Birzālī 2006# QUERYb217b6994b7e5a4dede17f3d360c9cc0
~Al-Birzālī 2006*
Al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī : Al-Sulūk li-maʿrifat duwal al-mulūk . 8, Beirut 1997
Al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī
Al-Maqrīzī, Al-Sulūk 1997# QUERY6eae03118376f9bc5a64a6ed2217b39a
~Al-Maqrīzī, Al-Sulūk 1997*
Al-Maqrīzī, Al-Sulūk 1997# SCITEe54897967c027d39dcf100a0f6ee590f
al-Mufaḍḍal b. Abī l-Faḍāʾil : Al-Nahj al-sadīd wa-l-durr al-farīd fīmā baʿd Taʾrīkh Ibn al-ʿAmīd (= Patrologia Orientalis ). Turnhout 1919-1929
Al-Nahj al-sadīd wa-l-durr al-farīd fīmā baʿd Taʾrīkh Ibn al-ʿAmīd
~Al-Mufaḍḍal 1919-1929*
Al-Mufaḍḍal 1919-1929# SCITE3751ee302e1cb8ea8ca7bc680f8e0b95
al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad : Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab, 33 vols. . Cairo 1964-1998
Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab, 33 vols.
Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998
Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998# QUERYf1bc1c93f08328155d7ceff3ce601927
~Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998*
Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998# QUERY2e91d8736b3946861ca08abe28fb427d
Al-Nuwayri - Nihayat al-arab 1964-1998# SCITE05a46decd554a3aa9c016f6cd8d94248
al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī : Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols. . Hyderabad
Etienne Combe and ʿAzīz Sūryāl ʿAṭiyyah
al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī
Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols.
Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976
Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976# QUERY029906353a2ee863c9b3f1cddef19218
~Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976*
Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976# QUERY2cbb9cb120beccd06ebe35e961a3ddbe
Al-Nuwayrī - Kitāb al-Ilmām 1968-1976# SCITE39c6c95a45f85dfdfa84b7efc33b3d6f
Leandro Alberti : Historie di Bologna (= Historiae urbium et regionum Italiae rariores ). Bologna 1541(ND 1970)
Historiae urbium et regionum Italiae rariores
Albertus Miliolus : Liber de temporibus et aetatibus et cronica imperatorum . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1903 , pp. 336–668
Liber de temporibus et aetatibus et cronica imperatorum
Albertus Miliolus 1903# QUERYeadfcc71c154d7081b32087cf8e09636
~Albertus Miliolus 1903*
Albertus Miliolus 1903# QUERYf31f1f3bc220559f1554a1bdae3dc21c
Albertus Miliolus 1903# SCITE3aad00497f50a43c6bf81d64e723f6a0
Guillelminus Schiavina : Guillelmini Schiavinae, Annales Alexandrini (= Historiae Patriae monumenta ). Turin 1857
Guillelmini Schiavinae, Annales Alexandrini
Annales Alexandrini 1857# QUERY35b1463d90539ed7bd95fd01bbe70704
~Annales Alexandrini 1857*
Annales Alexandrini 1857# QUERY2c5b6ebcfac1764023473a91c0c49583
Annales Alexandrini 1857# SCITE00b855ef5eda102199b2b1b332dd75b0
Achill Pirmin Gassar : Annales Augstburgenses . In: Scriptores rerum germanicarum, praecipue saxonicarum . 1, Leipzig 1728 , pp. sp. 1317–1954
Annales Augstburgenses# QUERYe5760085e5184176cf00f4112350eba3
~Annales Augstburgenses*
Annales Augstburgenses# QUERY0ef962250ee0a4b8f43657e85ed40cb6
Annales Augstburgenses# SCITE08f49faf7e17362f7f381b9e0993b542
Anonymus : Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1852 , pp. 8–11
Annales Augustani Minores# QUERY5b541a642da590990c3b00276e95434c
~Annales Augustani Minores*
Annales Augustani Minores# QUERYcf4a8d9537524f5dbe5b12d005c97955
Annales Augustani Minores# SCITEad736d699c16773f9969c8e3e0df61e2
Anonymus : Annales Bohemiae brevissimi . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1861 , pp. 719–721
Annales Bohemiae brevissimi# QUERY456116ad4a956c3a2d879956802dc3d4
~Annales Bohemiae brevissimi*
Annales Bohemiae brevissimi# QUERYcc39b5a0ab9946af3c058be6b99132e1
Annales Bohemiae brevissimi# SCITEc5c92508cb03db38b21be61b85dc76e1
Anonymus : Annales Caesenatenses (= Fonti per la storia dell'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates ). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 2003
Fonti per la storia dell'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates
Annales Caesenatenses 2003# QUERYc98c399327ce44a15932e6dd8f1410dc
~Annales Caesenatenses 2003*
Annales Caesenatenses 2003# QUERYd4bae20e3e5af0efa16a3c9d753a3e3d
Annales Caesenatenses 2003# SCITE1a6ca65f2818899406591564b2e8e157
Anonymus : Annales Clerici Parisiensis . In: Mémoires de la Société de l’Histoire de Paris et de l’Ile-de-France . 4, Paris 1877
Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877# QUERYd44bfff00b5d6ac4eb29a92160689e04
~Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877*
Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877# QUERY112783509f093cb93b940bf02bce77a0
Annales Clerici Parisiensis 1877# SCITEb285b03ac09989f9a1dc9d6641d775dd
Anonymus : Annales Basilienses et Colmarienses maiores, a. 1266-1305 . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1861 , pp. 189–232
Annales Basilienses et Colmarienses maiores, a. 1266-1305
Annales Colmarienses 1861# QUERY09e6fda83a8ac60a734dfb6ab8dbdc96
~Annales Colmarienses 1861*
Annales Colmarienses 1861# QUERY4bca776868adbb4c34ac83310a872095
Annales Colmarienses 1861# SCITE32e1b0df2f0467703638d3195b4746c2
Anonymus : Annales Cuiavienses . In: Monumenta Poloniae historica = Pomniki dziejowe Polski . 5, Lwów 1888 , pp. 885–889
Annales Cuiavienses II# QUERY5649a129af12b1f4a323da6a116b615a
~Annales Cuiavienses II*
Annales Cuiavienses II# QUERY8c382d1344feb997b21ae45466433a5e
Annales Cuiavienses II# SCITEbe7998f6feffd27f0dab16a137e1314d
Anonymus : Annales Ensdorfenses . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1852 , pp. 4–8
Annales Ensdorfenses# QUERYdc06742754512c202b4034f9a8c68b20
~Annales Ensdorfenses*
Annales Ensdorfenses# QUERY9ea0374606c7efd4fd3cde82313a6ead
Annales Ensdorfenses# SCITEc73a3f1ae188f64f24b2ef8e04ab02c2
Anonymus : Annales florentini, 1288-1431 . In: Heinricus de Diessenhofen und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im späteren Mittelalter (= Fontes rerum Germanicarum - Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands ). Cotta, Stuttgart 1993 , pp. 672–686
Fontes rerum Germanicarum - Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands
Annales florentini 1868# QUERY625b93c3561c397597924cb4776f67ac
~Annales florentini 1868*
Annales florentini 1868# QUERY4c55b4a2627d92666c07e4b4364f4e02
Annales florentini 1868# SCITE6c37778e7cf5d9a6e9780377a7ccde06
Giuseppe Mazzatini : Annales Forolivienses ab origine urbis usque ad annum MCCCCLXXIII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1903–09
Annales Forolivienses ab origine urbis usque ad annum MCCCCLXXIII
Annales Forolivienses# QUERY02d42b2b260a7a4703f846435d12af8f
~Annales Forolivienses*
Annales Forolivienses# QUERY830cf2e1c6ddbe97e22d12931ceb54a1
Annales Forolivienses# SCITE685fd06cc1de9bf180f8d9a8656e3cf3
Anonymus : Annales Francofurtani 1306-1364. (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 1-3
Annales Francofurtani 1884# QUERY395ebffa3e8cf9908db6fb80b42680a4
~Annales Francofurtani 1884*
Annales Francofurtani 1884# QUERY2062176b1492ef0744ae3b72c86872bb
Annales Francofurtani 1884# SCITE9d941cb96523300365d23a125c45395f
Caspar Borgeni : Annales Glogovienses bis z. J. 1493. Nebst urkundlichen Beilagen (= Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum oder Sammlung schlesischer Geschichtschreiber ). Breslau 1877 , pp. 1–66
Scriptores rerum Silesiacarum oder Sammlung schlesischer Geschichtschreiber
Annales Glogovienses bis z. J. 1493. Nebst urkundlichen Beilagen
Annales Glogovienses 1051-1493# QUERY2966cbfece7590b32d6ae8d6c4d365a6
~Annales Glogovienses 1051-1493*
Annales Glogovienses 1051-1493# QUERY19b2fd5ce812cbfe8df3f4159db29a87
Annales Glogovienses 1051-1493# SCITEae41490b1962502df55ffd4dfe019604
Anonymus : Annales Lubicenses. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores (MGH SS) ). Hahn, Hannover 1859 , pp. 413-429
Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores (MGH SS)
Annales Lubicenses 1859# QUERY0b9d81e9cca7ebff922e37813b0de97b
~Annales Lubicenses 1859*
Annales Lubicenses 1859# QUERYcd967f5b3f916d895f4d16cacda3e843
Annales Lubicenses 1859# SCITEc1fabcd04c0d34b4037fe123d618d98b
Christian Gold : Annales Matseenses . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851 , pp. 823–837, (Continuatio monachorum Sancti Petri) 837-843
823–837, (Continuatio monachorum Sancti Petri) 837-843
Annales Matseenses 1851# QUERY1e555917a64c14d2885fcd0e37884d3d
~Annales Matseenses 1851*
Annales Matseenses 1851# QUERYe41dabb69dc21806b10ff99afa48cee0
Annales Matseenses 1851# SCITE505eb7e1ed242aa88b28c939396d83db
Anonymus : Annales Parchenses. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores (MGH SS) ). Hahn, Hannover 1859 , pp. 598-608
Annales Parchenses 1859# QUERY1d050637551d3a36b729187a94c1fefd
~Annales Parchenses 1859*
Annales Parchenses 1859# QUERYedbab10c74187b73890411fbdddf2d06
Annales Parchenses 1859# SCITEc56f7d56687d2b72da852259ed11dfe5
Anonymus : Annales Polonorum I. a. 965-1325 . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1866 , pp. 614–656
Richard Roepell and Wilhelm Arndt
~Annales Polonorum I. 965-1325*
Anonymus : Annales Polonorum IV. a. 899-1327. 1378 . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1866 , pp. 613–656
Annales Polonorum IV. 899-1327# QUERY18e9c2132ee88c6418d167e9133aefbb
~Annales Polonorum IV. 899-1327*
Annales Polonorum IV. 899-1327# QUERY22f8736621e8edfc7658fa3b78909fcf
Annales Polonorum IV. 899-1327# SCITE9042e6eac1f785fe683cfc40f0d96652
Anonymus : Annales S. Benigni Divionensis (= MGH SS ). Hannover 1902 , pp. 37-50
Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844
Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844# QUERY5ee861dfc5659030cd7ac6ad0dc76778
~Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844*
Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844# QUERY8cb51a025c1a99afd25a583cde4c7413
Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 1844# SCITE2daa5070e2b59306c01dc00ab6816cc2
Anonymus : Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851 , pp. 760–810
Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis
Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis# QUERY876b7f194ee09ce87574ff3cd6f95503
~Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis*
Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis# QUERY796929da145a30353eb6a088ba747b73
Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis# SCITEebd3f1277968eae35c5a58fd91157727
Ioannis Dlugossii : Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae. Lib. 12, 1462–1480 . Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 2005
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae. Lib. 12, 1462–1480
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480# QUERYf70976f958f171c24b661bbdc44cf9a1
~Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480*
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480# QUERY076964dc44635a38a2a8ad9e22509b71
Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae 1462–1480# SCITE137dfb46113eb60022637f5df61caf86
Annales Thorunenses (941–1540) . In: Scriptores rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preussischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergang der Ordensherrschaft . 3, Leipzig 1866 , pp. 57–316
Annales Thorunenses (941–1540)# QUERYb2243d2ede576190749887ea4d3ebc89
~Annales Thorunenses (941–1540)*
Annales Thorunenses (941–1540)# QUERYa7431a39a79ba04a96ed433cbe54087f
Anonymus : Annales Veteres Mutinensium (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milan 1727 , pp. col. 49-88
Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727# QUERYb2a86586429e14718282763278cc8889
~Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727*
Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727# QUERY5d97ce6665e717f08c6750f30ef14bc9
Annales Veteres Mutinensium 1727# SCITE46af5a6360c3ffcd300447a181309b81
Anonymus : Annales Vetero-Cellenses. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores (MGH SS) ). Hahn, Hannover 1859 , pp. 41-47
Annales Veterocellenses 1859# QUERY5445b48f474863b4f0d95c55b7068db5
~Annales Veterocellenses 1859*
Annales Veterocellenses 1859# QUERY079fdafcf8b50329d524c4d12495e554
Annales Veterocellenses 1859# SCITE6fdf234ed4abf401db56fafc75fabdb3
Anonymus : Annales Vindobonenses . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851 , pp. 699–722
Annales Vindobonenses# QUERYf9d2a99b28ea5dd94ddd5507471d6902
~Annales Vindobonenses*
Annales Vindobonenses# QUERY76bba286b43be1f4879595ca7458099d
Annales Vindobonenses# SCITEd884267889b75cb0fbdf9ab8d6be381f
Anonymus : Annales Zwifaltenses . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1852 , pp. 51–64
D. Otto Abel and Georg Heinrich Pertz
Annales Zwifaltenses 1852# QUERYe4e6ebab23c4b35fffb56f09b0ffd92d
~Annales Zwifaltenses 1852*
Annales Zwifaltenses 1852# QUERY4c5011fd26ffc45efaaba3d0546ac17f
Annales Zwifaltenses 1852# SCITE1d340e1c9ccf81b6aa5ad6cfc565ad23
Anonymus : Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon ab ann. M°CC° VII° ad ann. M° CCC° XX° . In: Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges . Renouard, Paris 1874 , pp. 154-171
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon ab ann. M°CC° VII° ad ann. M° CCC° XX°
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874# QUERYd3100fccbca4ea29a2e91368342085e9
~Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874*
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874# QUERY46e65acd6013a998d95dce45c9fa13f0
Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon 1874# SCITE036635f025013937c2cdb5eb3b0b762d
Anonymus : Chronicon Marchiae Tarvisinae et Lombardiae, aa. 1207–1270 (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Bibliotece Estense, Città di Castello 1914–1916
Chronicon Marchiae Tarvisinae et Lombardiae, aa. 1207–1270
~Anonymus 1207–1270*
Anonymus : Annales Caesenates. Ab Anno MCLXII. usque ad Annum MCCCLXII . In: Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (Muratori) ). Milan 1729 , pp. 1089–1186
Annales Caesenates. Ab Anno MCLXII. usque ad Annum MCCCLXII
Anonymus 1729# QUERYe1ae21c5c03568ca971e6bc25c12dca8
Anonymus 1729# QUERY2ecb103bbbe99e36254febf5e0dbae6f
Anonymus : Chronicon Estense cum additamentis usque ad annum 1478 (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Citta di Castello 1908
Chronicon Estense cum additamentis usque ad annum 1478
Anonymus 1908# QUERYe7146d49f3f748ddcf8d4223afa2b121
Anonymus 1908# SCITEcc636f59271d8031f52edfbb079d39ca
Anonymus : Cronaca Malatestiana del Secolo XIV (AA. 1295-1385). (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Zanichelli, Bologna 1912 , pp. 3-54
Cronaca Malatestiana del Secolo XIV (AA. 1295-1385).
Anonymus 1912# QUERYc3e10af99635daa09c65fa081be9b7e1
Anonymus 1912# SCITE2a38b97e2de3998d8ce1e9b70d3a3771
Anonymus : Discorso historico con molti accidenti occorsi in Orvieto et in altre parti principiando dal 1342 fino al 1368 . In: Annales Urbevetani, Cronica potestatum (1194–1332) (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Citta di Castello 1922–24
Discorso historico con molti accidenti occorsi in Orvieto et in altre parti principiando dal 1342 fino al 1368
~Anonymus 1922-24*
Anonymus : Cronaca A [-1350] . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bononiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). 1938
Anonymus 1938a# QUERY5d83134a101a4e0b8cf3c35e040fe91f
~Anonymus 1938a*
Anonymus : Cronaca A (1351-1409) . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bononiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 3). Città di Castello 1938
Anonymus 1938b# QUERYab404aeb1b6855c0dbacf855d32156c6
~Anonymus 1938b*
Anonymus 1938b# QUERYf94c1a18dbd17edb73e20c18657b8df5
Anonymus 1938b# SCITEfb071a98f8ae8d7a80fe6fa086051010
Anonymus : Cronaca B (-1350) . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bonoiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). Città di Castello 1938c
Anonymus 1938c# QUERYed03bae404f1e2655d35522cc14fb8dc
~Anonymus 1938c*
Anonymus 1938c# QUERY314631b5acdc081b0b7e5d3eab338198
Anonymus 1938c# SCITE5afcc1d36f5f86a643297393462ffdd0
Anonymus Leobiensis : Chronik (= Scriptores rerum Austriacarum veteres ac genuini ). Leipzig 1721 , pp. 755–968
Scriptores rerum Austriacarum veteres ac genuini
Anonymus Leobiensis 1350# QUERY31052f5661d6a5d63193898cf3e60038
~Anonymus Leobiensis 1350*
Anonymus Leobiensis 1350# QUERYe9ec131d9a5ca2226632b8d112df9f71
Anonymus Leobiensis 1350# SCITE72de3cc8da20f0bdb68228403f4f3776
Anonymus : Cronica volgare di Anonimo Fiorentino dall’anno 1385 al 1409 già attribuita a Piero di Giovanni Minerbetti (= RIS ). Città di Castello 1915
Cronica volgare di Anonimo Fiorentino dall’anno 1385 al 1409 già attribuita a Piero di Giovanni Minerbetti
Anonymus: Cronica volgare 1915# QUERY08515caa146ea3c6241524541f0e19d3
~Anonymus: Cronica volgare 1915*
Anonymus: Cronica volgare 1915# QUERYb364bbfdb7e83ff29cd01db779287c4a
Anonymus: Cronica volgare 1915# SCITEbab51565ad782b312dea68faccf2928b
Anonymus : Das alte Konstanz in Schrift und Stift. Die Chroniken der Stadt Konstanz . Konstanz 1891
Das alte Konstanz in Schrift und Stift. Die Chroniken der Stadt Konstanz
Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERYa863eadcd5d4b4f43831bdd415b2d8b6
~Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891*
Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY6fe62b5c1c4f936af6186e86913df408
Anonymus: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# SCITEc83ea192587da9f35427023e40d275ad
Anonymus : Alle bocche della piazza. Diario di anonimo Fiorentino (1382–1401) (= BNF, Panciatichiano ). Florenz 1986
Alle bocche della piazza. Diario di anonimo Fiorentino (1382–1401)
Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986
Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986# QUERY64a4e485bf7d5f3167660357b3a84966
~Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986*
Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986# QUERYc09aee7b95acc46900139353c02ca7d0
Anonymus:Alle Bocche della piazza 1986# SCITE60b9c9e8795ff71b2dccb94c51a325de
Antoninus of Florence : Chroniques de Saint Antonin: fragments originaux du titre XXII (1378 - 1459) . Paris 1913
Chroniques de Saint Antonin: fragments originaux du titre XXII (1378 - 1459)
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913# QUERYa3236b665c78129dc7f3335d9a65d0d4
~Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913*
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913# QUERYad79d0937761893fa5a63109e169b811
Antoninus of Florence: Chronicon sive summa historialis 1913# SCITE3716311d9d0a3977e27ca7b76093bc9c
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Institute of Near and Middle Eastern Studies and University of Zurich, Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies
[https://www.apd.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/apd/project.jsp APD]
Arabic Papyrology Database (APD)# QUERY5041b6de9caa90fbeafafa50a31d7de8
~Arabic Papyrology Database (APD)*
Arabic Papyrology Database (APD)# QUERYc4310dcf86b6b59a3e433e4ed76e68d3
Arabic Papyrology Database (APD)# SCITEe591fb4fa3d5e856f2a7d8fa12cd60b7
Bernardino Azzurini : Liber Rubeus sive Collectanea historica de rebus faventinorum . In: Chronica Breviora aliaque monumenta faventina (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 1). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1907 , pp. 3–282
Liber Rubeus sive Collectanea historica de rebus faventinorum
Azzurini 1907# QUERY4dce03b071d8a369fafb54397bbdb1d7
Azzurini 1907# SCITEcce229bdbacadb09a505e57d2b77632b
Bar Hebraeus : Bar Hebraeus Chronography . London
Bar Hebraeus 1932# QUERY23f3c76ad7282cfa44b96e3e5069db5b
~Bar Hebraeus 1932*
Bar Hebraeus : La Chronographie de Bar Hebraeus. Ktaba dMatkbanut Zabne. L’histoire du monde d’Adam a Kubilai Khan . Brussels , ISBN 2806610001
La Chronographie de Bar Hebraeus. Ktaba dMatkbanut Zabne. L’histoire du monde d’Adam a Kubilai Khan
~Bar Hebraeus 2013*
Bar Hebraeus 2013# QUERY957d58ed46ff9ac9d79afc365a510a25
Bar Hebraeus 2013# SCITEa1ee2362e03f5a2048f0860d0a42cf79
Baybars al-Manṣūrī, Rukn al-Dīn : Zubdat al-fikra fī taʾrīkh al-hijra . Beirut 1998
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998# QUERY89db45fb60fee98c101f90947bcf109c
~Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998*
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998# QUERY84a27ade470abe8d9d371122a07f8fb7
Baybars al-Mansuri - Zubdat al-fikra 1998# SCITE9640cc9e4cbbd304a9efe5f0d335448e
Benessius Krabice : Chronicon libri IV . In: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum . 4, Prag 1884 , pp. 459–548
Benessius Krabice 1355-1375# QUERY9dfdabffe4361152ad0440c06eb28a21
~Benessius Krabice 1355-1375*
Benessius Krabice 1355-1375# QUERY2f664e0b9cf54c0748f7c484ea56ce31
Bern Gyseke : Bern Gyseke’s Chronik von 810–154 . In: Hamburgische Chroniken in niedersächsischer Sprache . 1861 , pp. 1–192
Bern Gyseke's Chronik von 810–1542# QUERYab47776b2bfeadc821040ec698842e1d
~Bern Gyseke's Chronik von 810–1542*
Bern Gyseke's Chronik von 810–1542# QUERY96e73494a70d46207c1c83ebf5878ade
Garoscus de Ulmoisca Veteri and Bertrand Boysset : Die Chronik des Garoscus de Ulmoisca Veteri und Bertrand Boysset (1365-1415) . In: Archiv für Literatur und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters . 7, Freiburg in Breisgau 1900 , pp. 311–420
Garoscus de Ulmoisca Veteri and Bertrand Boysset
Die Chronik des Garoscus de Ulmoisca Veteri und Bertrand Boysset (1365-1415)
Bertrand Boysset, Chronique# QUERYc56ac6a03307c8040752a7b0e3465914
~Bertrand Boysset, Chronique*
Bertrand Boysset, Chronique# QUERY1efe6c3ef0aa29b254d02b38c5fc2283
Bertrand Boysset, Chronique# SCITEabf9366ff8889f3918cc9c4754530422
Jean-Noel Biraben and Didier Blanchet : Essay on the Population of Paris and its Vicinity Since the Sixteenth Century (Population, 1-2, 1998) (= Population Année ). 1999 , pp. 155–188
Jean-Noel Biraben and Didier Blanchet
Essay on the Population of Paris and its Vicinity Since the Sixteenth Century (Population, 1-2, 1998)
Biraben Blanchet (1999)# QUERY89e22f3abf5949579d4369c3c64cb1dd
~Biraben Blanchet (1999)*
Biraben Blanchet (1999)# QUERY1af43e12a8c156bd869cea6beb147dcb
Biraben Blanchet (1999)# SCITE8d78a7cbe49772ae1177924c87d67bf0
Anonymus : Chronica antiqua conventus Sanctae Catharinae de Pisis . In: Archivio storico italiano . 1845 , pp. 399–593
Chronica antiqua conventus Sanctae Catharinae de Pisis
Bonaini 1845# QUERYf0fcefea5160f7757a22ea9bbc2b16b4
Anonymus : Chronicon Parmense. Ab Anno MXXXVIII usque ad Annum MCCCXXXVIII. (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1902
Chronicon Parmense. Ab Anno MXXXVIII usque ad Annum MCCCXXXVIII.
Bonazzi 1902# QUERYad6d11af98afd6797bfb286e812ee280
Bonazzi 1902# SCITEd3bb6f1fefcf9ab1edc3769f234cce15
Anonymus : Brani di cronache bolognesi . Bibliotece Estense, Modena , ISBN (Signatur)γ. R. 4. 31 (Campori, App. 329)
(Signatur)γ. R. 4. 31 (Campori, App. 329)
Brani di cronache bolognesi# QUERY28c23294eb6a3c6579081dd0a3d347a1
~Brani di cronache bolognesi*
Brani di cronache bolognesi# QUERY5f83e159d6523e884a91b9ccd00a3b26
Brani di cronache bolognesi# SCITE347d20141d7c45911c210a96a31421a2
Monica Brînzei : A student's notes on the plague in Codex Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 4497 (= Chôra 20/2022 ). , pp. 367-377
A student's notes on the plague in Codex Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 4497
Brinzei 2022# SCITEda53f979d91fa0bc7c29dc46047e917e
Buonaccorso Pitti : Two memoirs of Renaissance Florence. The diaries of Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati . New York/Evanston/London 1967 , pp. 19-106
Gene Adam Brucker & Julia Martines
Two memoirs of Renaissance Florence. The diaries of Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati
Buonaccorso Pitti: Diary 1967# QUERY68231b87d078654fc064ccda5b02cc00
~Buonaccorso Pitti: Diary 1967*
Buonaccorso Pitti: Diary 1967# QUERYc0c0d6bec1187a89c6aab867c7eeebd2
Buonaccorso Pitti: Diary 1967# SCITEaa5ef5b09f4016632f047d95c965a3d6
Buonaccorso Pitti : Mercanti scrittori. Ricordi nella Firenze tra Medioevo e Rinascimento . Milan 1986
Mercanti scrittori. Ricordi nella Firenze tra Medioevo e Rinascimento
Buonaccorso Pitti: Ricordi 1986# QUERYae248642306f55e637a65ccaf74ee22a
~Buonaccorso Pitti: Ricordi 1986*
Buonaccorso Pitti: Ricordi 1986# QUERY8ccfd883e228587849230c7e45076714
Buonaccorso Pitti: Ricordi 1986# SCITE8512953c214c06957a4ff20121c4f818
Burkhard Zink : Chronik . In: Die Chroniken der schwäbischen Städte. Augsburg (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert . 2). Leipzig 1866 , pp. 1–330
Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert
Burkhard Zink's Chronik# QUERY20a7f9b2d65790c10a926e43b93b71af
~Burkhard Zink's Chronik*
Burkhard Zink's Chronik# QUERY90490f4dc3e71fbacbfeabdbc121f8fa
Burkhard Zink's Chronik# SCITEefe22c18ae600a4f47aefcdf20b16561
Anonymus : Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae (= MGH SS ). Hannover 1851 , pp. 163-209
Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae
Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae# QUERYbffe67b765970d5f083abab95895f7e3
~Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae*
Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae# QUERY0350ce75134dde754fc27ff920fd9ae4
Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae# SCITEad7f93f8189680284cb2c879a76e2dc3
Caspar Weinreich : Danziger Chronik . 1855
Caspar Weinreichs Danziger Chronik# QUERY1d745cc3d8bc41bb5624ec8147f03d5e
~Caspar Weinreichs Danziger Chronik*
Caspar Weinreichs Danziger Chronik# QUERYf07ec32fdcefa8b200c3d92c695d7fcf
Caspar Weinreichs Danziger Chronik# SCITE0578aeb14ed835bbc918ad22cb1d99aa
August Bielowski : Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium . In: Monumenta Poloniae historica: Pomniki dziejowe Polski . Kraków 1884 , pp. 24–30
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884# QUERY364c3f3b8248b4f9bbad2f68129463ae
~Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884*
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884# QUERY658a9c9f1d9dbb3ba5e45293812ee806
Catalogus episcoporum wladislaviensium 1884# SCITE09707725239d505074fe63a8b6aa86d2
Clavadetscher, Otto : Chartularium Sangallense. Vol. 7 (1348-1361) . Herausgeber- und Verlagsgemeinschaft Chartularium Sangallense, St. Gallen 1993
Chartularium Sangallense. Vol. 7 (1348-1361)
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993# QUERY4fa66dd4314628306d1bdbeec2344ba3
~Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993*
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993# QUERYbd199a5e06750c03702512599e02e6fc
Chartularium Sangallense VII 1993# SCITEf1af7d9532cfd36f3a6db68db8914920
Chiappelli, Alberto : Gli ordinamenti sanitari del comune di Pistoira contro la pestilenza del 1348. (= Archivio storico italiano ). 1887 , pp. 3-24
Gli ordinamenti sanitari del comune di Pistoira contro la pestilenza del 1348.
Chiappelli 1887# QUERYedbdc166b968664dbf446f20a9d780a2
~Chiappelli 1887*
Chiappelli 1887# QUERY455200fab13ffdf1a1c91f33cc5efb2f
Chiappelli 1887# SCITE5cd6c576cde21cfeb542da612f47be63
Alessandro Tassoni ; Di Giovanni Da Bazzano ; Di Bonifazio Morano : Chronache Modenesi (= Monumenti di Storia Patria delle Provincie Modenesi ). Modena 1888
Monumenti di Storia Patria delle Provincie Modenesi
Chronache Modenesi 1888# QUERY9f578e85604ea0c578b9ab7d9e1d15c5
~Chronache Modenesi 1888*
Chronache Modenesi 1888# QUERYd6d250203b8b46bdb4c09cdc038f09d2
Chronache Modenesi 1888# SCITEec672ab5aa8e12001629966807e4a639
Konrad Bote : Chronecken der Sassen (bis 1501) . In: Scriptores Rerum Brunsvicensium Illustrationi Inservientes . 3, Hannover 1711 , pp. 277–423
Chronecken der Sassen 1711# QUERY1a0e2399ddd22bb7bb2287a2f5026c41
~Chronecken der Sassen 1711*
Chronecken der Sassen 1711# QUERY9d0ea2eced17c98037ddd3e83506e8a9
Chronecken der Sassen 1711# SCITEd63b70e4d4188b2134c23b803ee78289
Anonymus : Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457) . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 1106-1457 , ISBN (Signatur)BU 209
~Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457)*
Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457)# QUERYed743ddd26403274e0e5ca24674dee28
Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457)# SCITE18b7de294c91573f59ccafad717e66c9
Johannis de Oxenedes : Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes (= Rerum Brittanicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores ). London 1859
Rerum Brittanicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes# QUERYbb385127fcc99c39e8728a8dc6faf884
~Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes*
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes# QUERY823001cc2eae1bd83c976218dd8f16f2
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes# SCITE148157731ca6e955d613961aa358f4f8
Anonymus : Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1899 , pp. 524–704
MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.)
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi# QUERYb9b7677c80ff5f9e8b7ace671671780f
~Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi*
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi# QUERYb19e41d368c8fd8bbf916bacc985cc53
Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi# SCITE7a954e5d65668db07be7f6a9e2a39ea1
Anonymus : Chronica regia Coloniensis . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH SS rer. Germ. ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1880
Chronica regia Coloniensis# QUERYd37a4a025fcc2910f01dc88d86251512
~Chronica regia Coloniensis*
Chronica regia Coloniensis# QUERYaec11a43af2585b55a341a0c5ae66cbd
Chronica regia Coloniensis# SCITE3f239903774b8b18afb47ce274f5c624
Anonymus : Chronica S. Aegidii . In: Scriptores Rerum Brunsvicensium Illustrationi Inservientes . 3, Hannover 1711 , pp. 558–600
Chronica S. Aegidii 1711# QUERY46c745056df05e5d9f64110d0e7d4255
~Chronica S. Aegidii 1711*
Chronica S. Aegidii 1711# QUERY5f9c728c5509bf35a2f71a258199f69a
Chronica S. Aegidii 1711# SCITEa480db51bcc6e0e50ced059315e5683d
Iohannes de Mailliaca : Chronica universalis Mettensis . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1879 , pp. 502–503
Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879
Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879# QUERY8a0e1d6653ef08ebd5e26ec974aa00b4
~Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879*
Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879# QUERY08c629a0bba993a1abbe2cd029a043bc
Chronica universalis Mettensis 1879# SCITE83c4273631f0677e61670d3ebd607513
Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899
Anonymus : Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899 (= MGH Scriptores rerum germanicarum ). Hahn, Hannover 1899 , pp. 447-485
Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899
Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899# QUERY6177bb19578546bb1b77cd818bf00e51
~Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899*
Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899# QUERYf9358fa4b4c4389a2bc7ffb71c133621
Chronici Saxonici continuatio Erfordensis 1899# SCITEe14b2b9974989b7818601a4e08f51005
Johannes Schiphower : Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium . In: Scriptores Germanicos, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum . 2, Helmstedt 1688 , pp. 127–192
Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium
Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium# QUERY549d87ef7e9787854d352a246884ecf9
~Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium*
Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium# QUERYc476f89f2b257de7191a138c27efcaa9
Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium# SCITE674058ad452ab792f72195ee225725ee
Anonymus : Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 . In: Die Königsaaler Geschichts-Quellen mit den Zusätzen und der Fortsetzung des Domherrn Franz von Prag (= Fontes Rerum Austriacarum ). Vienna 1875 , pp. 29–535
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339# QUERY5c5dc856c3250798d192ccd60762c00c
~Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339*
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339# SCITEe3da71a046df3e041edcfbc27f44bce5
Anonymus : Chronicon Aulae Regiae . In: Petra Žitavského kronika zbraslavská (= Fontes rerum Bohemicarum ). Prag 1884 , pp. 1–337
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 2# QUERY3c7b23a9aaeb0833469f63a6dd711626
~Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 2*
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 2# QUERY1995f2396e0f268d9ff24f3700b23ea9
Chronicon Aulae Regia 1301-1339 2# SCITEbaeaad3c655054ead4d3008f189750c1
Gérard de Frachet : Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto et anonymam ejusdem operis continuatio . In: Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. Nouvelle édition. Bd. 21: Contenant la deuxième livraison des monuments des règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV, depuis MCCXXVI, jusqu'en MCCCXXVIII (= Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. Nouvelle édition ). Imprimerie impériale, Paris 1855 , pp. 1-70
Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. Nouvelle édition
Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto et anonymam ejusdem operis continuatio
Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto 1855# QUERY2f828dbe2899dc307e393b2b353b53aa
~Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto 1855*
Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto 1855# QUERY653f8040a27bf2b7ea14d24792c552bf
Chronicon Girardi de Fracheto 1855# SCITE210c0aa68e4936ffc4e4371c7f27e4c2
Anonymus : Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1879 , pp. 220–225
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300# QUERYb6e4e67e295f3601cf9b4728a828be10
~Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300*
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300# QUERY44fa2ccef7b60ee78a8a2fe92d1bff03
Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum 1292-1300# SCITE65b597f490bbcfe18818c659fe7c4328
Johannes Kungstein : Chronicon Moguntinum . In: Die Chroniken der mittelrheinischen Städte (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert . 2). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1882 , pp. 147–250
Chronicon Moguntinum 1882# QUERYd7cdf263990c1602d4a7e707add38221
~Chronicon Moguntinum 1882*
Chronicon Moguntinum 1882# QUERY9ddb53774887dcdbce3d61927ab3677c
Chronicon Moguntinum 1882# SCITE59f8b213565c9b582f2f72a416651a0f
Anonymus : Chronicon Moguntinum . In: Chronicon Moguntinum (= MGH SSrG . 2). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1882 , pp. 1-90
Chronicon Moguntinum 1885# QUERY7505caf832f52d6aa8c777ccc38ce722
~Chronicon Moguntinum 1885*
Chronicon Moguntinum 1885# QUERY45f1e0e66a14a39f169d545aa5640830
Chronicon Moguntinum 1885# SCITE9646a6131d53a42d98a64a063df81678
Sagacino Levalossi and Pietro della Gazata : Chronicon Regiense. Ab Anno MCCLXXII usqu ad MCCCLXXXVIII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milan 1731 , pp. 5–98
Sagacino Levalossi and Pietro della Gazata
Chronicon Regiense. Ab Anno MCCLXXII usqu ad MCCCLXXXVIII
Chronicon Regiense# QUERYe710c19ae1f3f351700e718070fa21b2
~Chronicon Regiense*
Chronicon Regiense# QUERY4f3b1e5b45c5334be19e9d3abece1bc4
Chronicon Regiense# SCITEa6a9778de21c0ebd3e979cf193857dd4
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929
Anonymus : Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) . In: Notes on an English Cluniac Chronicle (= English Historical Review ). London 1929 , pp. 94-103
Helen Maud Cam and Ernest Fraser Jacob
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339)
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929# QUERY8dc2c0c1cee872d453b8026cfc7f3bc1
~Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929*
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929# QUERY85da456480015263525161cda045f65d
Chronicon S. Andreae in Antona Sempentrionalis (bis 1339) 1929# SCITE8eb628baef1127885784f60b5e5b28c3
Anonymus : E chronico Sancti Stephani Cadomensis . In: Contenant la troisième livraison des monuments des règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV, depuis MCCXXVI, jusqu'en MCCCXXVIII (= Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Paris 1894 , pp. 491–492
Natalis de Wailly and Leopold Victor Delisle
Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France
Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis# QUERY576fb860c72401a7c5101a8fb91e5cad
~Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis*
Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis# QUERY2eb1f2eaf2a542301cd304ca49ef6cfa
Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis# SCITEae31916f72ac186f6d5ea98cfb33ed5f
Chronicon Salisburgense . In: Scriptores rerum austriacarum veteres ac genuini . 2, Leipzig 1725 , pp. 427–46
Chronicon Salisburgense# QUERY52eac4725415faf383e4cb0852232841
~Chronicon Salisburgense*
Chronicon Salisburgense# QUERY4bda2fd2f0ff0c9502aac4a64523223a
Chronicon Salisburgense# SCITEe95a5155ab52fe094f695089d60ed1f5
Anonymus : Chronicon S. Petri Erfordensis moderna (= MGH Scriptores rerum germanicarum ). Hahn, Hannover 1899 , pp. 150-398
Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899# QUERYf755b5fb2f2605c5640ffe0974a1ae72
~Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899*
Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899# QUERY0ecdba72bffb754c1c8a7a08ddf8cc90
Chronicon Sancti Petri 1899# SCITE465f6228f60012fb4ea71b18e2502b12
Anonymus : Chronicon Wirziburgense breve . In: Nützliche Sammlung verschiedener meistens ungedruckter Schriften . Frankfurt/ Leipzig 1735 , pp. 456-473
Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735# QUERY6069fd0ec79bdae05a264136a6b3be72
~Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735*
Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735# QUERY77726a6a533b46dd5372e04ead1034df
Chronicon Wirziburgense breve 1735# SCITE076f13e3227d56878c2ce2ac87da1c91
Anonymus : Chronicon VVirziburgense. anno 1340. conscriptum et usque ad Laurentium de Bibra continuatum, ex Codice MS. Monasterii S. Stephani VVirceburgensis . In: Commentarii de rebus Franciae orientalis et episcopatus VVirceburgensis . 1, Würzburg 1729 , pp. 816–825
Chronicon VVirziburgense. anno 1340. conscriptum et usque ad Laurentium de Bibra continuatum, ex Codice MS. Monasterii S. Stephani VVirceburgensis
Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466
Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466# QUERYfdf74fe5974bf6e071a2eabbe29df93b
~Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466*
Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466# QUERY2a9f12782d16ab070cf6d0900514016b
Chronicon Wirziburgense, a. 688-1466# SCITEd04428836f6cd8850c86e9d55f1a4285
Anonymus : Chronijck der Landen van Overmaas en der anngrenzende gewesten door eenen inwoner van Beek bij Maastricht . In: Publications de la Société Historique et Archéologique dans le Limbourg . 7, J.J. Romen, Roermond 1870 , pp. 11–218
Chronijck der Landen van Overmaas en der anngrenzende gewesten door eenen inwoner van Beek bij Maastricht
Chronijck van Overmaas 1870# QUERY83d12af91a8d40691ff29e0b0c5beafe
~Chronijck van Overmaas 1870*
Chronijck van Overmaas 1870# QUERY67a04e853bfe8229477ab1acc51322dc
Chronijck van Overmaas 1870# SCITEa8675f8ae2c75fcfec25e71933ee24ef
Hector Mülich : Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487 . In: Die Chroniken der schwäbischen Städte: Augsburg (= Chroniken der deutschen Städte . 3). Hirzel, Leipzig 1866
Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487
Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487# QUERYb1b38822a11c8a55419408f3bafa2a7d
~Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487*
Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487# QUERY9f433e6aa9e48a20542e5aa3d7680e4e
Chronik des Hector Mülich 1348–1487# SCITE00d75e6b0c43e4dd20f29114cbdb010c
Mathias von Neuenburg : Die Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg (= Die Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit ). 2 Auflage. Verlag der Dykschenbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1899
Die Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit
Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg 1899
Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg 1899# QUERY1610b6d53eabc86967904f54f957b4b8
~Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg 1899*
Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg 1899# QUERYb3785dd5bb38e007215451539d7fb8c9
Chronik des Mathias von Neuenburg 1899# SCITE5be561055ed95542954eb507c4bc5d8f
Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004
Lorenz Fries : Chronik der Bischöfe von Würzburg 742-1495 (= Fontes Herbipolenses . 1-5). Würzburg 1992-2004
Chronik der Bischöfe von Würzburg 742-1495
Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004
Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004# QUERYbc37efff9dec56699ee182ef72ed0210
~Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004*
Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004# QUERYceb69e89b32225fe483ab95ebab48db2
Chronik oder Historie von den Bischöfen von Würzburg 1992-2004# SCITE5b6a5b9bec0a845c1eaa0e5950a99616
Adrien de But : Chronique d'Adrien de But complétée avec les additions du même auteur . In: Chroniques relatives à l'histoire de la Belgique sous la dominiation des ducs de Bourgogne . 1, Brussels 1870 , pp. 211–710
Chronique d'Adrien de But complétée avec les additions du même auteur
Chronique d'Adrien de But# QUERYa7cca24c6ab934efbc10e761c74a707a
~Chronique d'Adrien de But*
Chronique d'Adrien de But# QUERY245d9488ab394fb1c10263b2fc08da68
Chronique d'Adrien de But# SCITE55c1cad041011c630996acf9bbf8d15f
Benoît Mailliard : Chronique de Benoît Mailliard, grand prieur de l'abbaye de Savigny en Lyonnois (1460-1506) . Louis Perrin, Lyon 1883
Chronique de Benoît Mailliard, grand prieur de l'abbaye de Savigny en Lyonnois (1460-1506)
Chronique de Benoît Mailliard# QUERY54abc675f652262a1c76eef742c80020
~Chronique de Benoît Mailliard*
Chronique de Benoît Mailliard# QUERYa91abb7ab06bf0d8cdece9a52e21c76e
Chronique de Benoît Mailliard# SCITE57aa8a85a516a78ca182efc90ec2ffbe
Jean Brandon : Chronique de Jean Brandon avec les additions d'Adrien de But . In: Chroniques relatives à l'histoire de la Belgique sous la dominiation des ducs de Bourgogne . 1, Brussels 1870 , pp. 1-166
Chronique de Jean Brandon avec les additions d'Adrien de But
Chronique de Jean Brandon# QUERY0f1eef105de6890e1f48c2ffcdbb921f
~Chronique de Jean Brandon*
Chronique de Jean Brandon# QUERY9a503b4112d4535c404a8fbe07c26f94
Chronique de Jean Brandon# SCITE535fa32b3b10dbc72f17f15607087216
Jean de Stavelot : Chronique de Jean de Stavelot . Hayez, Brussels
Chronique de Jean de Stavelot# QUERY20a4d5519d5f83a85fae372121234fa1
~Chronique de Jean de Stavelot*
Chronique de Jean de Stavelot# QUERY416588f792fee86bca2791517a62a4fe
Chronique de Jean de Stavelot# SCITE7fadff7c306b49e56a0c9e396bece0c6
Anonymus : Chronique de Mercier et Regis (Chronique Consulaire de la ville de Beziers. Seconde chronique) (= Bulletin de la Société archéologigue de Beziers ). 1839 , pp. 84-89
Bulletin de la Société archéologigue de Beziers
Chronique de Mercier et Regis (Chronique Consulaire de la ville de Beziers. Seconde chronique)
Chronique de Mercier et Regis 1839# QUERY4799c70aa3df04e50f3b675326e8336b
~Chronique de Mercier et Regis 1839*
Chronique de Mercier et Regis 1839# QUERY2245301a18632fbf7d75077ffb67f5e7
Chronique de Mercier et Regis 1839# SCITE48d257c8ea86e6446e434df96356e63b
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525
Jacomin Husson : Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525 . Rousseau-Palletz editeur, Metz 1870
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525# QUERYa39aa7cf9fbb7ba063100f5f5207c3ec
~Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525*
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525# QUERYaac291388e540a72c158d02757aa147f
Chronique de Metz de Jacomin Husson, 1200–1525# SCITE564de86231644b6ff7d7f0b201a9125e
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation
Richard Lescot : Chronique de Richard Lescot, religieux de Saint-Denis (1328-1344), suivie de la continuation de cette chronique (1344-1364) . Renouard, Paris 1896
Chronique de Richard Lescot, religieux de Saint-Denis (1328-1344), suivie de la continuation de cette chronique (1344-1364)
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation# QUERY4ccfa6cecee4a6bbd7d4a06b305b43d0
~Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation*
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation# QUERY4efff0fda8c4f294b34691228f3eee4c
Chronique de Richard Lescot, Continuation# SCITEdf30d59ca2d217a7af731e8f0bc96576
Jean de Horne : Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne . In: Chroniques liégeoises (= Académie royale de Belgique. Commission royale d'histoire, (Series I in-4°) ). Brussels 1913 , pp. 344-569
Académie royale de Belgique. Commission royale d'histoire, (Series I in-4°)
Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne
Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne# QUERY8389491dba2a096db31634385b1f2718
~Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne*
Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne# QUERYda87acad31f27a5b49ffe20f51a09c52
Chronique du règne de Jean de Horne# SCITE7f073868e9d1380193dc108f6554f841
Godefroy de Paris : Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris . In: Collection des chroniques nationales françaises . 9, Paris 1827
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827# QUERYc6526abb41c1c09abbefb82b918f4ad2
~Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827*
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827# QUERYeaf4ea2520b70c333da064a34bd42e87
Chronique métrique de Godefroy de Paris 1827# SCITE1a20b29c5c9d31170364a5635172b53d
Jean de Roye : Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye . In: Livre des faits advenus au temps du très chrestien et très victorieux Louys de Valois, feu roy de France (que Dieu absolve) unzieme de ce nom (= Choix de chroniques et mémoires sur l'histoire de France ). Auguste Desrez, Paris 1838 , pp. 237–354
Choix de chroniques et mémoires sur l'histoire de France
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838# QUERY4e13603b50a09d13b3b59fad657a6c9b
~Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838*
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838# QUERYcb63ee730b9085fc3f75834ad8021444
Chronique scandaleuse de Jean de Roye 1838# SCITE0f45433123271a8df34471fb2cf612c7
Philippe de Vigneulle : Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz . Typographie de S. Lamort, Metz 1838
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz# QUERYe75ae57f9da65d103aa6a7e79cbd4866
~Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz*
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz# QUERY15049a572c8e8ddf8ae48ffefad09990
Chroniques de la noble ville et cité de Metz# SCITE09843cb2263101bf9c81907843c340fc
Perceval de Cagny : Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny . Renouard, Paris
Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny# QUERY775c2eb09b1b8c5687bbac63d020f60f
~Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny*
Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny# QUERY760d99f806c78b587dd244c5689e12fb
Chroniques de Perceval de Cagny# SCITE640969927b0955c1a19fd5ed2bc813e4
Claus Schultheiß : Das alte Konstanz in Schrift und Stift. Die Chroniken der Stadt Konstanz . Konstanz 1891
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY68674f53e766fc35de095ca396ed8c24
~Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891*
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY740373dfd3f2f00574781ad3678008ad
Claus Schultheiß: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# SCITE609d9ab2fe5d68a4740cccfb3abd37b6
Pietro Azario : Liber gestorum in Lombardia. (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Zanichelli, Bologna 1926-39
~Cognasso 1926-39*
Cognasso 1926-39# SCITE53f2310b135af826edfaa4979fb8ce5e
Petrus Herp OP : Collectanea fratris Petri Herp Dominicani. (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 58-66
Collectanea fratris Petri Herp Dominicani.
Collectanea Petri Herp 1884# QUERYb8a34bf73ad7ad0ec5656e7cd2a4000d
~Collectanea Petri Herp 1884*
Collectanea Petri Herp 1884# QUERY5abc4c5f02bd85f6f7ee57b3831328f0
Collectanea Petri Herp 1884# SCITE9ce3ff858464ba8a52584928eb900035
Coluccio Salutati : Epistolario (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia ). Forzani, Rome 1891-1905
Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905# QUERY5a1a2beac47880f72bcd2bfee58e22dd
~Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905*
Coluccio Salutati 1891-1905# QUERYd1cf1d2460ee22db5c35559f279f652c
Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004
Zhang D.E. : A Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records of the Last 3000 years . Najing 2004
A Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records of the Last 3000 years
Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004
Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004# QUERY5910d9168409d25d54c770ba120fb827
~Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004*
Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004# QUERYc8ac04a78723747f0df21a1eaed5f02a
Compendium of Chinese Meteorological Records 2004# SCITE040ca15c4eff0e6b890e54039b849f15
Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861
Anonymus : Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri (= MGH SS ). Hannover 1861 , pp. 523-534
Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861
Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861# QUERY124d55745e72dbdd6125e8f95322e4c6
~Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861*
Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861# QUERY813b8686ce2a5892480db9b1c4926482
Continuatio chronici Magni Presbiteri 1861# SCITE253a8c232073102a3c6774dba3d35d35
Cronaca A [-1350] . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bononiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 4). N. Zanichelli, Città di Castello 1924
Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4# QUERYf5d84dfa9d14a9a889a96290eb499917
~Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4*
Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4# QUERY92a29fcbc0afdf5061036cba5164f0d5
Corpus chronicorum bononiensium 4# SCITE0c85d80bc9c47e2882d58e3442238768
Anonymus : Cronaca A (-1350) . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bonoiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). Città di Castello 1938
Cronaca A (-1350)# QUERYaf58ba00bea3b2bfa14d5f5ba3c4059c
~Cronaca A (-1350)*
Anonymus : Cronaca A (-1350) . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bononiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1938 , pp. 3–614
Albano Sorbelli, Giosuè Carducci and Vittorio Fiorini
Cronaca A 1938# QUERY960a1794735d1c6efeeac095e73e14c3
~Cronaca A 1938*
Buccio di Ranallo : Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia ). Roma 1907
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila# QUERY43ee54d3b72df2b2f9f06887953d3fa4
~Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila*
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila# QUERYa40a51a5c7b1251ef21107abe462eb84
Cronaca Aquilana rimata di Buccio di Ranallo di Popplito di Aquila# SCITE21dab935d0b2156ee2cb330461eb8c74
Anonymus : Cronaca detta dei Bolognetti [-1350] . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bononiensium.Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1938
Cronaca Bolognetti 1938# QUERY2808d6a46d4b77928967da1c7a0e3e6d
~Cronaca Bolognetti 1938*
Cronaca Bolognetti 1938# QUERY84d273d9d3bcb7b5cf4debdcfabed3a0
Cronaca Bolognetti 1938# SCITE223fd93c8d65c68f42d26c019201b2f3
Anonymus : Cronaca della Città di Perugia dall'anno 1309 al 1491 (= Archivio storico italiano ). 1850 , pp. 71-750
Cronaca della Città di Perugia dall'anno 1309 al 1491
Cronaca di Perugia 1850# QUERY9bcdb6b08db36d8bd0f1f1a3156780f8
~Cronaca di Perugia 1850*
Cronaca di Perugia 1850# QUERYb4d18cc85bec375eb361130b55771e54
Cronaca di Perugia 1850# SCITE3e860f95858d1e86e7b4ee34ef92bf69
Ranieri Sardo : Cronaca di Pisa (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia ). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 1963
Cronaca di Pisa 1963# QUERY6472bcb36617d0d319857e613a9ed1dd
~Cronaca di Pisa 1963*
Cronaca di Pisa 1963# QUERY6647d7cb1bb423d392bc64fc04b339a0
Cronaca di Pisa 1963# SCITEbbd518f6ff042e9b31c7d25bf515b568
Anonymus : Cronaca Villola(-1350) . In: Corpus Chronicorum Bonoiensium. Testo delle Croniche (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) . 2). Città di Castello 1938
Cronaca Villola (-1350)# QUERYedfbbce6d35c20ec37f8963f722920c2
~Cronaca Villola (-1350)*
Cronaca Villola (-1350)# QUERY05dcb83495d5534efbbadcdf57140c54
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498 . 1874
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498# QUERYe5c873b63646ef4d783a920dcf331406
~Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498*
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498# QUERYcd445b54af222ffef9c90bfade76f7b8
Cronache forlivesi dalla fondazione della città all'anno 1498# SCITE9d6fc7508ef029625833d01cfa431471
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris) de quibusdam novissimis temporibus actis in partibus Missne et Thuringie . In: Scriptores rerum Germanicarum praecipue Saxonicarum . 3, Auguste Desrez, Leipzig 1730 , pp. 55–64
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris) de quibusdam novissimis temporibus actis in partibus Missne et Thuringie
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris)
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris)# QUERY1102c7689de1d3fb219045f1b2333d9d
~Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris)*
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris)# QUERY50a6e98d088fa71047cb185ecbeba6a2
Cronica brevis (lipsiensem dixeris)# SCITEc5dd384b87dcaf0e8c6313644f904dda
Cecilia Iannella : Cronica di Pisa. Dal ms. Roncioni 338 dell'Archivio di Stato di Pisa (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates ). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 2005
Fonti per la storia d'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates
Cronica di Pisa. Dal ms. Roncioni 338 dell'Archivio di Stato di Pisa
Cronica di Pisa 2005# QUERY18dfabcaa76a575b1415829a106615a8
~Cronica di Pisa 2005*
Cronica di Pisa 2005# SCITE8e02d3425e5c33bce8a6bf35c3045e0a
Michael Czacheritz : Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz . Universitas Wratislaviensis. Inst. Studiorum Silesiacorum et Bohemicorum, Wrocław 2003
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz# QUERY726b314f2a4c940510ff8c097258b740
~Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz*
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz# QUERY7fef50cae6c28578036e964a37c6d235
Cronica monasterii canonicorum regularium (s. Augustini) in Glacz# SCITE8560ae74209281c1e4f89f8e3bad8fc5
Patrizio : Cronica Patricii Ravennatis . In: Forlì e i suoi vescovi. Appunti e documentazione per una storia della chiesa di Forlì (= Studia Ravennatensia ). Forlì 1985 , pp. 1143–1175
Antonio Calandrini and Gian Michele Fusconi
Cronica Patricii Ravennatis# QUERY9ceac4d5590c239735eb9e7d282ce268
~Cronica Patricii Ravennatis*
Cronica Patricii Ravennatis# QUERY208228cdc82727aceba467b09d1d38db
Cronica Patricii Ravennatis# SCITEfef62aa7d60d83039ba722fdcb188313
Anonymus : Croniche succinte di Bologna dal 1354 fino al 1506 con altre memorie dal 423 al 1505 et altre dal 1168 fino al 1400 . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna
Croniche succinte di Bologna dal 1354 fino al 1506 con altre memorie dal 423 al 1505 et altre dal 1168 fino al 1400
Croniche succinte di Bologna# QUERY745c904284bf6c7f05fc6e767b17ccd9
~Croniche succinte di Bologna*
Croniche succinte di Bologna# QUERYd51aa5e9e6829e890de10e44833113ef
Croniche succinte di Bologna# SCITE6c509723638fc7ca11ee68d13d188568
Raimondo Muntaner : Crónica di Raimondo Muntaner . In: Cronache catalane del secolo 13. e 14. Una di Raimondo Muntaner e l’altra di Bernardo D’Esclot . Florence 1844 , pp. 55–668
Crónica di Raimondo Muntaner 1844# QUERY2567e2a923c099da1b48b6140978e7bf
~Crónica di Raimondo Muntaner 1844*
Crónica di Raimondo Muntaner 1844# QUERYe7324e989e0bffeeb10c9c72a8216cdc
Crónica di Raimondo Muntaner 1844# SCITE9107235494b36cbf212041ec2d4399f1
Fritz Curschmann : Hungersnöte im Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 8. bis 13. Jahrhunderts (= Leipziger Studien aus dem Gebiet der Geschichte ). B.G. Teubner, Leipzig
Leipziger Studien aus dem Gebiet der Geschichte
Hungersnöte im Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 8. bis 13. Jahrhunderts
Curschmann 1900# QUERYd48b42e08f69fc1413035c441bcb849b
~Curschmann 1900*
Curschmann 1900# QUERY49b02866cdc3cca8840b9263ee9c8a6e
Curschmann 1900# SCITE4c3549f23a66188dcffc7c1d7a210838
Anonymus : Cölner Jahrbücher des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts . In: Die Chroniken der niederrheinischen Städte. Cöln (= Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte vom 14. bis ins 16. Jahrhundert . 2). Leipzig 1876 , pp. 71–124
Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte vom 14. bis ins 16. Jahrhundert
Cölner Jahrbücher des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts
Cölner Jahrbücher# QUERYd2f4e71eb03d2c355418d324efd6ef13
~Cölner Jahrbücher*
Cölner Jahrbücher# QUERY3d348da39a9f90dc196e8f8bf44c74be
Cölner Jahrbücher# SCITE2f0ad7e9395497b9eac201fac610d0e8
Michael de Leone : De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum . In: Johannes Victoriensis und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im vierzehnten Jahrhundert . 1, Stuttgart 1843 , pp. 466–479
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843# QUERYba509645c580d10d9a71cf98ce741189
~De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843*
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843# QUERYe849c35dd42efdf9557fc66a3fbbb6cb
De chronicis temporum hominum modernorum 1843# SCITEcb5f2a55d0986cd8240aa8015eb48b32
G. R. Curicken : DER STADT DANTZIG Historische Beschreibung WORINNEN Von dero Uhrsprung/Situation, Regierungs=Art/ geführten Kriegen/ Religions- und Kirchen=Wesen ausführlich gehandelt wird . Jansson, Amsterdam and Gdansk 1688
DER STADT DANTZIG Historische Beschreibung WORINNEN Von dero Uhrsprung/Situation, Regierungs=Art/ geführten Kriegen/ Religions- und Kirchen=Wesen ausführlich gehandelt wird
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung# QUERYa3152f0c94ab62d2c6a65ffde6cd4ee0
~Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung*
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung# QUERYc0b71b626744c6e31e0214c054ce8718
Der Stadt Dantzig Historische Beschreibung# SCITE794ff27f49c03085dc9a7b2f02107f54
Detmar : Croneke van Lubeke . In: Die Chroniken der niedersächsischen Städte. Lübeck (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert . 1-2). Leipzig 1884/1899
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99# QUERYc5e3fa5a7dbef648fe22fe86d44fcf9a
~Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99*
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99# QUERY6c6572706d61d0791b3ade51f745b5c9
Detmar's Croneke van Lubeke 1884/99# SCITEb5377a19d93a66661fc0a65ea46d32d2
Anonymus : Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380) . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 1345-1380 , ISBN (Signatur)BU 433
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)# QUERYe0556769228b2df0b30f38ee1d7c21b7
~Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)*
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)# QUERY1008030dd4f62b851e10eacab3545e05
Diario di cose seguite in Bologna (1345-1380)# SCITE4c4d24b81731d6926531eb09e279d28f
Anonymus : Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio . Biblioteca Universitaria, pp. BU 621
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio# QUERY9143fb0c000844a0499d21ba1b4088f7
~Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio*
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio# QUERY9ed92af09414b7bfe2d3e4c3595a74df
Diario estratto dallo studio dell’ Alidosio# SCITE8f69bed9467abb91bc2f142ce672d6f8
Diarium Vadstenense: The Memorial Book of Vadstena Abbey. A Critical Edition with an Introduction . Almqvist & Wiksell Internat., 1988
Diarium Vadstenense: The Memorial Book of Vadstena Abbey. A Critical Edition with an Introduction
Diarium Vadstenense# QUERYc78743c3df3ffd6fc39fb8dee7513c66
~Diarium Vadstenense*
Diarium Vadstenense# SCITE6ddeba514b7149d79315e50d98d8493e
Hartung Cammermeister : Chronik (= Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und angrenzender Gebiete ). Halle 1896
Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und angrenzender Gebiete
Die Chronik Hartung Cammermeisters# QUERY5bb599ffe8320ed09a99af6d639435f9
~Die Chronik Hartung Cammermeisters*
Die Chronik Hartung Cammermeisters# QUERY0b26f611dc0acdcc84b15fa8f2343190
Die Chronik Hartung Cammermeisters# SCITE72f582510968d1ec94a16c44b5429837
Johann Huyssen van Kattendijke-kroniek : Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant, van Zeelant ende van Vrieslant ende van den Stichte van Utrecht (= Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën / Kleine serie / Rijkscommissie vor Vaderlandse Geschiedenis. Minister van Onderwijs en Wetenschappen ). Den Haag 2004
Johann Huyssen van Kattendijke-kroniek
Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën / Kleine serie / Rijkscommissie vor Vaderlandse Geschiedenis. Minister van Onderwijs en Wetenschappen
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant, van Zeelant ende van Vrieslant ende van den Stichte van Utrecht
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant# QUERY897d70f80e0cfab68132be1177491f0d
~Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant*
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant# QUERY284ab385a19728b43eae4783a087a90e
Die historie of die cronicke van Hollant# SCITE9e3947ca1a02d47e0594fac0921b73dd
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5# QUERY218ef6adf231e6f1f0b577b6ba373b78
~Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5*
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5# QUERY49f7d6b1a43410e5c36558f77a9ff0e5
Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetag 2/5# SCITE7c14d5440db41a6537f4c64ebd7043bd
Alfons el Magnanim : Dietari del capella d’Alfons V el Magnanim (= Textos Medievales ). Saragossa 1991
Dietari del capella d’Alfons V el Magnanim
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim# QUERYe2c47c929481da7c8257c9ba7673a6a3
~Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim*
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim# QUERY52eee8fbe0b97d9cc92bd94d969a0f8b
Dietari del capellà d’Alfons el Magnanim# SCITE99638ccf3741fee74422e1a9e3a84853
Dinānah, Taha : Die Schrift von Abī Ǧaʿfar Aḥmed ibn ʿAlī ibn Moḥammed ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḫātimah aus Almeriah über die Pest. (= Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin ). 1927 , pp. 27-81
Die Schrift von Abī Ǧaʿfar Aḥmed ibn ʿAlī ibn Moḥammed ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḫātimah aus Almeriah über die Pest.
Dinanah 1927# QUERYe8430ab8ab21e3296a0363ea02fef9be
Dinanah 1927# SCITEed80bf0ec5378a9577386edd3486e1aa
Dominico de Gravina : Chronicon de rebus in Apulia gestis. (AA. 133–1350) (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1903
Chronicon de rebus in Apulia gestis. (AA. 133–1350)
Dominico de Gravina 1903# QUERY357a6f34ff93feac00d8054a69a2c066
~Dominico de Gravina 1903*
Dominico de Gravina 1903# QUERY8ab0ac974a3716b0865a6c9629417484
Dominico de Gravina 1903# SCITEb53067f7ca8187eb33732b3ca3457446
Donato Velluti : La cronica domestica di Messer Donato Velluti, scritta fra il 1367 e il 1370, con le addizioni di Paolo Velluti scritte fra il 1555 e il 1560 dai manoscritti originali . Florence 1914
Isidoro del Lungo & Guglielmo Volpi
La cronica domestica di Messer Donato Velluti, scritta fra il 1367 e il 1370, con le addizioni di Paolo Velluti scritte fra il 1555 e il 1560 dai manoscritti originali
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914# QUERYcfbd875999bb6057c92bf5e1052f6b36
~Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914*
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914# QUERY8f9bb60e74752fdf7bb7269a85a988cc
Donato Velluti: Cronica domestica 1914# SCITEe4c72cf123e1a699ac10318eeedafa45
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle. A propos du ms. Riccardiano 2894 [1451-1466] . Paris 1993
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle. A propos du ms. Riccardiano 2894 [1451-1466]
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle# QUERYa417db22c20dd3c27cc45c396a33d986
~Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle*
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle# QUERY5696591a7073b9a8785405f2989713a0
Ecritures laïques, prédication et confréries à Florence au XVe siècle# SCITEfdc955e2cba1112bea0c4d31a3f9bd34
Erhard von Appenwiler : Die Chronik Erhards von Appenwiler (1439-1471) . In: Basler Chroniken . 4, S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1890 , pp. 221–355
Die Chronik Erhards von Appenwiler (1439-1471)
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle# QUERY43facfe4008556b03ca2dec087a0bc19
~Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle*
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle# QUERY3c0f201663cc6039bc1be0ad9751fd42
Ehrard von Appenwiler chronicle# SCITE48cd24364a2ba45d1f446cc477654d56
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535 . In: Hamburgische Chroniken in niedersächsischer Sprache . 1861 , pp. pp. 229–299
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535# QUERYafed9ebbb615b2c85d41f1afc913ccc0
~Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535*
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535# QUERY41676f9745e8200b90258914fa8e6bf7
Ein kort Uttoch der Wendeschen Chronicon von 801-1535# SCITE3f7f88c524c6f115a2c8b989cf161752
Engelbert Wusterwitz : Die Aufzeichnungen des Engelbert Wusterwitz (= Einzelveröffentlichtungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin . 2). Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1973
Einzelveröffentlichtungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin
Die Aufzeichnungen des Engelbert Wusterwitz
Engelbert Wusterwitz 1973# QUERYfd3fe3b7b9ffa72f1a804526a2263247
~Engelbert Wusterwitz 1973*
Engelbert Wusterwitz 1973# QUERYe00fec2fe5a6665a764d79da170f4628
Engelbert Wusterwitz 1973# SCITEa56cbe5b7b9e3668f7a8f860a01dae0f
Anonymus : Annales Variorum. Erfurt von 1365 bis 1525 . In: Anzeiger für Kunde des deutschen Mittelalters . 3, Nürnberg 1834 , pp. cols. 231
Annales Variorum. Erfurt von 1365 bis 1525
Erfurter Annalen 1834# QUERY0512941f5f8fcd275ebb2b690875b842
~Erfurter Annalen 1834*
Erfurter Annalen 1834# QUERYa147a0b160f7e1eff9df6c8662fdd25c
Erfurter Annalen 1834# SCITEbedf62f5a7339d8ad4f6da5ae240347d
Arnold Esch : Die Lebenswelt des europäischen Spätmittelalters. Kleine Schicksale selbst erzählt in Schreiben an den Papst. . C.H. Beck, München
Die Lebenswelt des europäischen Spätmittelalters. Kleine Schicksale selbst erzählt in Schreiben an den Papst.
Esch 2014# QUERYc6f6919f9a28e5ed7eaa5552be1c097f
Anonymus : Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii, ad cyclos paschales . In: Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France . 23, Paris 1876 , pp. 143–146
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii, ad cyclos paschales
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876# QUERY036e70a7d0029f38f95e335b71f2afd9
~Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876*
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876# QUERYf660bb1c870f34c9d100bc48d8a6d7cf
Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii 1876# SCITE43c4227b68fd7fadb0ba7c3eadb9892d
Anonymus : Brevi Annali della città di Perugia dal 1194 al 1352. (= Archivio storico italiano ). 1850 , pp. 55-68
Brevi Annali della città di Perugia dal 1194 al 1352.
Fabretti 1850# QUERY18580c00d3f802adb3aae1dccf5dee3e
Fabretti 1850# QUERYd12e4ef8f7f01247e5ad484349cef3ef
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini : Ricordi storici di Filippo di Cino Rinuccini dal 1282 al 1460 colla continuazione di Alamanno e Neri suoi figli fino al 1506 . Florenz 1840
Ricordi storici di Filippo di Cino Rinuccini dal 1282 al 1460 colla continuazione di Alamanno e Neri suoi figli fino al 1506
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840# QUERYd3016d0d60b62c84e28a3ddb076927b8
~Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840*
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840# QUERYe0e48a43540aa84d5705b903c8d1cf04
Filippo di Cino Rinuccini: Ricordi storici 1840# SCITEbffa38cc8c2a12287ac01b22f03da6cb
Filippo Villani : Cronica.Con la continuazione di Filippo Villani (= Biblioteca di scrittori italiani ). Parma 1995
Cronica.Con la continuazione di Filippo Villani
Filippo Villani 1995# QUERYcb833fc65dbf57ad138ad910697b4955
~Filippo Villani 1995*
Filippo Villani 1995# QUERY716adfa6a5e4eb1e82c6b843e451849c
Filippo Villani 1995# SCITE7c5353d3d2c4644e4ba11b3baefa4d79
Anonymus : Fragmenti di storia Bolognese . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BA Gozzadini 61, n. 9, pp. 5–98
Fragmenti di storia Bolognese# QUERY4739894987205ce288d78ddece2dc408
~Fragmenti di storia Bolognese*
Fragmenti di storia Bolognese# QUERYa6c1202880becd7bf99dbd75ce189f31
Fragmenti di storia Bolognese# SCITE866b042e7936ed733a27e25ad520d078
Francesco Petrarca : Le Familiari [Libri VI-X] (= Familiarium Rerum Libri ). Nino Aragno Editore, Torino 2007
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X# QUERYb0c10e71fa38a6772cec435bf814751c
~Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X*
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X# QUERYb6bf08879260ab87dbb8a8235f18c4fe
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari VI-X# SCITE4e2520a24cda5e40268a4c7b2af080d1
Francesco Petrarca : Le Familiari [Libri XVI-XX] (= Familiarium Rerum Libri ). Nino Aragno Editore, Torino 2008
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX# QUERY784b02f8dbb1a813dc40bbc9a88af8d3
~Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX*
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX# QUERYced23db4cae42e0c6425b8e2ad30e4bf
Francesco Petrarca, Le Familiari XVI-XX# SCITE80e700d39c1e5bcfa9241e21728dbfe7
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV
Francesco Petrarca : Le Familiari. Libri XX-XXIV (= Le Familiari ). G. G. Sansoni Editore, Firenze 1942
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV# QUERY720a86d17870cff923403ec780355d1d
~Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV*
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV# QUERY1f348d2bbee317412a71bdc493d2de9a
Francesco Petrarca, Le familiari XX-XXIV# SCITE7879d99bd6a99edd29af39f5b453ada0
Friano Ubaldini : Cronica. Volume I (-1378) . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna , pp. 430/I
Friano Ubaldini 1378# QUERY6c215042d918c7ae42ce2a5ea5db43f6
~Friano Ubaldini 1378*
Friano Ubaldini 1378# SCITE482bd09eb96dd2fec77e81bc3d3344f7
Fritsche Closener : Strassburger Chronik . In: Chroniken der oberrheinischen Städte. Straßburg, 1 (= Chroniken der deutschen Städte ). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1870 , pp. 15-151
Fritsche Closener 1870# QUERY7cb65e4e45cbf0eb4c08efbedb38dbbc
~Fritsche Closener 1870*
Fritsche Closener 1870# QUERYdc0a18be503ed21195034300e09af09e
Fritsche Closener 1870# SCITE87d38478855fd1df43e801db5c82f466
Gabrielle de Mussi : Historia de Morbo . In: Document zur Geschichte des Schwarzen Todes (= Archiv für die gesammte Medicin ). 1842 , pp. 45–57
Gabrielle de Mussi# QUERYbfd809e4b29c7dea38fe352164f33d79
~Gabrielle de Mussi*
Gabrielle de Mussi# QUERY7cfd6948357f96e2bfd0091070286adb
Gabrielle de Mussi# SCITEc888aaa6b99870e49de34497cf6fb849
Gebhard Dacher : Das alte Konstanz in Schrift und Stift. Die Chroniken der Stadt Konstanz . Konstanz 1891
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY0a41f5e1e1d1656cf9944dae874cae0b
~Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891*
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY07be7037aa39a9b2720118d46b56e3dd
Gebhard Dacher: Konstanzer Chronik 1891# SCITE9ed87d00c0ed5adec22067e41f3b6958
George Sphrantzes : The Fall of the Byzantine Empire.A Chronicle by George Sphrantzes 1401-1477 . Amherst (Mass.) , ISBN 0870232908
The Fall of the Byzantine Empire.A Chronicle by George Sphrantzes 1401-1477
George Sphrantzes 1980# QUERY4f9c9355bcf1f14bb0b285850c0ec48c
~George Sphrantzes 1980*
George Sphrantzes 1980# QUERYf9d3304d0041a63247cd6a959faae18a
George Sphrantzes 1980# SCITE5333bcd8fd1931734dbcc933d791f5ea
Anonymus : Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia . Artanuji Publishing, Tblissi 2014
Georgian National Academy of Sciences
Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia
Georgian Chronicles 2014# QUERY028fc9d64fdda6a528958eb05698183f
~Georgian Chronicles 2014*
Georgian Chronicles 2014# QUERY568cb11285f5a1fffbcace21e35ce089
Georgian Chronicles 2014# SCITEd33febd7c4a427da7dd960ab9a3221a0
Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen. Vom Anfang der Stadt bis zum Tod Maximilians Josephs I., Königs von Bayern . Johannes Rehm, Memmingen 1826 , ISBN 3753669717
Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen. Vom Anfang der Stadt bis zum Tod Maximilians Josephs I., Königs von Bayern
Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen# QUERY6ca9b39934b4892fdbcf5033e6b5a3ed
~Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen*
Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen# QUERY6d6eaf51202b38abc404e18df2b7515e
Geschichte der Stadt Memmingen# SCITEce4b709f3d77a1b473f7d9bc9437ca52
Anonymus : Gesta Baldewini . In: Gesta Treverorum. Vol. 2 . Typographia Blatteraviana, Trier 1838 , pp. 184-271
Gesta Baldewini 1838# QUERY21b1ab578b3b8b7a67039e8363c8313f
~Gesta Baldewini 1838*
Gesta Baldewini 1838# SCITEd0f981b61c050b7df5bcb809136d04e2
Matthias von Neuenburg : Gesta Bertholdi episcopi Argentinensis. (= Monumenta Germanie Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum NS (MGHSSrG) ). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924-40 , pp. 502-543
Monumenta Germanie Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum NS (MGHSSrG)
Gesta Bertholdi 1924-40# QUERYe0b96218734ddd698b001ee2eb403f95
~Gesta Bertholdi 1924-40*
Gesta Bertholdi 1924-40# QUERY275dbb6c85ac8e5ac042547c9edaea10
Sigmund Rosicz : Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470) . In: Scriptores rerum silesiacarum . 12, Max, Breslau 1883 , pp. 37–86
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)# QUERY92f4fb6713e5a5da017999b803146573
~Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)*
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)# QUERYe357aabd99043254542f5e8bebcdb8e0
Gesta diversa transactis temporibus facta in Silesia et alibi (1237–1470)# SCITE5a028b30537f6977a6606650795a1645
Anonymus : Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1880 , pp. 720–735
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata# QUERY051c7188152a1008e6ab326b61b0fdd5
~Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata*
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata# QUERYdaa606cbcff2d16c19371fa6b3c1166b
Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata# SCITE06c674333d4d675fa40e03d7253cf6f0
Anonymus : Gesta Trevirorum . 2, Trier 1838
J.H. Wyttenbach and M.F.J. Müller
Gesta Treverorum# QUERY1744c8fcabe4e9e944aa47c8eeba7e69
~Gesta Treverorum*
Gesta Treverorum# QUERYc1aacbbf6fc96a1ca9fb583e35a986fa
Gesta Treverorum# SCITEbc36f27a110b0546ebccddb46a1ede3a
R.P.M. Cherubino Ghirardacci : Della historia di Bologna. Parte terza, del R.P.M. Cherubino Ghirardacci bolognese, dell'Ordine eremitano di S. Agostino (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1915–16
Della historia di Bologna. Parte terza, del R.P.M. Cherubino Ghirardacci bolognese, dell'Ordine eremitano di S. Agostino
Ghirardacci 1915-16# QUERYad105b823eefc1e4c7893e0ebf8606eb
~Ghirardacci 1915-16*
Giacomo del Poggio : Istoria di Bologna . Bibliotece Estense, Modena –1506 , ISBN (Signatur)α. H. 3. 1. (Ital. 398)
Giacomo del Poggio# QUERYfbfc64ad23238b5797080e69429e6b20
~Giacomo del Poggio*
Giacomo del Poggio# QUERYba2ad488d7d001e4370f556b1d801ac7
Giacomo del Poggio# SCITEcdb49d03c5e3a20766b75f88dc70beee
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi : Malographia Tridentina. Cronaca dei fatti calamitosi avvenuti nel Trentino e regioni adiacenti dai primi anni d.C. al 1803 . Lions Club Trento, Trent 1986
Malographia Tridentina. Cronaca dei fatti calamitosi avvenuti nel Trentino e regioni adiacenti dai primi anni d.C. al 1803
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986# QUERYb386049d10f1e0868c657451957591bc
~Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986*
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986# QUERY4d4d80e16e68f429f5de585a557f82bd
Giangrisostomo Tovazzi 1986# SCITEb31beff5ff95204535d2ad69dba2761d
Giovanni da Bazzano : Chronicon Mutinense [AA. 1188-1363] (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Bologna 1917
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917# QUERYc4c2c327ab3bb05ab5c04829d637496a
~Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917*
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917# QUERYc49507fb3147126e3f127f2b906819a1
Giovanni da Bazzano - Chronicon Mutinense 1917# SCITEcbac8a368b6772982f305d3088a21792
Giovanni da Parma : Cronaca inedita. (= Storia della città di Parma ). Tipografia Ducale, Parma 1837 , pp. 50-53
Giovanni da Parma 1837# QUERY399c72745f54ab0fae8159fc7fb7889c
~Giovanni da Parma 1837*
Giovanni di Cornazano : Chronica extracta et abbreviata (Istoria di Parma) (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milano 1728 , pp. 729-754
Chronica extracta et abbreviata (Istoria di Parma)
Giovanni di Cornazano 1728# QUERY71bdd287eabb3e66d9a37c0cbeda8e01
~Giovanni di Cornazano 1728*
Giovanni di Cornazano 1728# QUERY0b6a95f3803422e70fc3e381e08f37c1
Giovanni di Cornazano 1728# SCITE4c5360f3dbfeac1ad78228b3dfd73296
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli : Ricordi. Nuova edizione e introduzione storica (= Biblioteca di storia ). Florenz 2019
Ricordi. Nuova edizione e introduzione storica
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019# QUERY147e29887b49817465a65e3a57728395
~Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019*
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019# QUERY6d854689b1570406d3fb33c97a059ee9
Giovanni di Pagolo Morelli: Ricordi 2019# SCITE5d583100b065daa5c6de9c6e2de58c30
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo
Giovanni di mastro Pedrino depintore : Cronica del suo tempo (1411-64) . Vatican city 1934
Giovanni di mastro Pedrino depintore
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo# QUERY8dbb90e56c428d67a5256ad70a82a609
~Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo*
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo# QUERYcf0b9b27bc47e49153573d829b509126
Giovanni di Pedrino, Cronica del suo tempo# SCITE234551b1403211fe772b2e49d4cb60d5
Giovanni Mussi : Chronicon Placentinum ab a. CCXXII usque ad a. MCCCCII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milano 1730 , pp. 447–634
Chronicon Placentinum ab a. CCXXII usque ad a. MCCCCII
Giovanni Mussi 1730# QUERYfbaa515a172373d1b876144e93f2d65a
~Giovanni Mussi 1730*
Giovanni Mussi 1730# QUERYe8a663cc64de472f964cb9d96a9f73b6
Giovanni Mussi 1730# SCITEad988f544fa395148179da5f572753af
Giovanni Sercambi : Le croniche dal volgare all'italiano. Tomo primo . Lucca 2015 Giovanni Sercambi (2015): Le Croniche dal volgare all'italiano. Tomo primo. Hg. v. Giorgio Tori. Lucca.
Le croniche dal volgare all'italiano. Tomo primo
Giovanni Sercambi 2015# QUERYb4ca3dba49cccfaea480342bcc29525f
~Giovanni Sercambi 2015*
Giovanni Sercambi 2015# QUERY06ea808486277db6ff3da3b6c0181b8e
Giovanni Sercambi 2015# SCITE254b20a1fae153a1e710e86abdbe1c37
Giovanni Villani : Nuova Cronica (= Biblioteca di scrittori italiani ). Fondazione Pietro Bembo, Parma 1990
Giovanni Villani 1990# QUERYdbba5a1e2a3e70cbfcc436c4d35380e0
~Giovanni Villani 1990*
Giovanni Villani 1990# QUERY40a8d22ec69d7c69c3c4b5d0a94cf845
Giovanni Villani : The final book of Giovanni Villani's New chronicle (= Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture ). Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo 2016 , ISBN 9781580442268
Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture
The final book of Giovanni Villani's New chronicle
Giovanni Villani: The final book 2016
Giovanni Villani: The final book 2016# QUERY97c95f7fcd1c7a023abc0ca87b10d1bc
~Giovanni Villani: The final book 2016*
Giovanni Villani: The final book 2016# QUERY4162c1086d6dc404254d359e27965988
Giovanni Villani: The final book 2016# SCITEe9b6f1b9d40c38ad8a2b860b13cb9911
Shelomo D. Goitein : A Mediterranean Society. The Jewish Communities of the World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, 5 vols. . Berkeley/Los Angeles/London 1967–1988
A Mediterranean Society. The Jewish Communities of the World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, 5 vols.
Goitein, Mediterranean Society# QUERYf105627354372c60bb13d3b7c8fd49e8
~Goitein, Mediterranean Society*
Goitein, Mediterranean Society# QUERYd7e9e5a804faa4335f596ce22b95a022
Goitein, Mediterranean Society# SCITE1de5221563f45727f23f39ad1a805d97
Goro (Gregorio) Dati : Two memoirs of Renaissance Florence. The diaries of Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati . New York/Evanston/London 1967 , pp. 107-141
Gregorio Dati: Diary 1967# QUERYad87d57515d9866e0d73ff792abf7d84
~Gregorio Dati: Diary 1967*
Gregorio Dati: Diary 1967# QUERYe42470e6b56edf5f90a562ff868b2590
Gregorio Dati: Diary 1967# SCITE03dca3084d07aaf9eff73895e2ff156e
Goro (Gregorio) Dati : Il libro segreto di Gregorio Dati (= Scelta di curiosità letterarie inedite o rare dal secolo XIII al XVII ). Bologna 1869
Scelta di curiosità letterarie inedite o rare dal secolo XIII al XVII
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869# QUERY3d1b98df71ff01a0304702e6b370c600
~Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869*
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869# QUERY9bab5baa412df9b1e6ae7d182fb95f0a
Gregorio Dati: Libro segreto 1869# SCITE66ac5f208b3fc4265c23d45704f5c614
Aeltere Universitäts-Matrikeln. II. Universität Greifswald (= Publicationen aus den k. preußischen Staatsarchiven . 1). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1893
Publicationen aus den k. preußischen Staatsarchiven
Aeltere Universitäts-Matrikeln. II. Universität Greifswald
Greifswalder Universitätsmatrikeln# QUERY3ecdc88160601695b2fcaa02e8ee9d1e
~Greifswalder Universitätsmatrikeln*
Greifswalder Universitätsmatrikeln# QUERYe8cf9ad4291e6b7dc79272eefa476291
Greifswalder Universitätsmatrikeln# SCITE6c37b52e0e5368b68118be15878c2160
Matteo Griffoni : Memoriale Historicum de rebus Bononiensium (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Città di Castello 1902
Lodovico Frati and Albano Sorbelli
Memoriale Historicum de rebus Bononiensium
Griffoni 1902# QUERY25f222c9b1cec4f8d53f237c04765ef0
Griffoni 1902# QUERY08e25de97d3ee3ac8c8b40e58585d109
Guglielmo Ventura : Memoriale Gvilielmi Ventvrae civis Astensis de gestis civium Astensium et plurium aliorum . In: Monumenta Historiae Patriae, Scriptores . 3, Tipografia Regia, Turin 1848 , pp. cols. 701–816
Memoriale Gvilielmi Ventvrae civis Astensis de gestis civium Astensium et plurium aliorum
Guglielmo Ventura 1848# QUERY9c02d82d4e03384b508d7a9e900720e0
~Guglielmo Ventura 1848*
Guglielmo Ventura 1848# QUERY154a5f01e8d905785282c4127a9188cb
Guglielmo Ventura 1848# SCITE498d94b8353f700c0653705649bbad0e
Guillelmus de Cortusiis : Chronica de novitatibus Padue et Lombardie (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Bologna
Chronica de novitatibus Padue et Lombardie
Guillelmus de Cortusiis# QUERY22b2c6b3338f329952e83051dfa311ca
~Guillelmus de Cortusiis*
Guillelmus de Cortusiis# QUERYa3b7e5c35a5d3acb16a80fee211ad04b
Guillelmus de Cortusiis# SCITEe732aadcdc14b57746acf32d988dd87d
Gustaf Edvard Klemming: Nya eller Karls-Krönikan. Början af Unions-Striderna samt Karl Knutssons Regering. 1389–1452. (= Svenska Fornskriftsällskapets Samlingar (SFSS) ). P.A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm 1866
Svenska Fornskriftsällskapets Samlingar (SFSS)
Nya eller Karls-Krönikan. Början af Unions-Striderna samt Karl Knutssons Regering. 1389–1452.
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866# QUERYe5e6c86c6a0dbc5b23b7fde73d40288b
~Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866*
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866# QUERY03a6d2f6e90061d3a2b47f8877a37e20
Gustaf Edvard Klemming 1866# SCITE33070f9757f7eeccaf5396d32a2221be
Franziskus Lubecus : Göttinger Annalen: von den Anfängen bis zum Jahr 1588 . Göttingen
Göttinger Annalen: von den Anfängen bis zum Jahr 1588
Göttinger Annalen 1994# QUERYf95646a1b69e15cbc5cdc024f50edef5
~Göttinger Annalen 1994*
Göttinger Annalen 1994# QUERYee77b08b7536aa071ec66556badb096b
Göttinger Annalen 1994# SCITE52e98417d672a77c5dc72769c5e5c735
Anonymus : Liber taxationis ecclesiarum et beneficorum in Diocoesi Constantiensis de anno 1353 . In: Freiburger Diöcesan-Archiv (= Freiburger Diöcesan-Archiv ). 1870 , pp. 1–118
Liber taxationis ecclesiarum et beneficorum in Diocoesi Constantiensis de anno 1353
Haid 1870# QUERYd4b9574b6a1dcfaee1b0b6d14800d249
Haid 1870# QUERYd115598e6532b6e45afca40a62cca0ea
Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559 . In: Hamburgische Chroniken in niedersächsischer Sprache . 1861 , pp. pp. 377–478
Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559# QUERY7c31f4401f2a7e7910f97f98417c2c0d
~Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559*
Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559# QUERY492e8a00fbe22b5e2ada14194b4cbc1e
Hamburger Chronik von 799–1559# SCITE0d1a2bf28e79e6c607ef8dcf52a23db1
Heinrich Forer : Heinrich Forer's Chronik . In: Kleine Toggenburger Chroniken . 1, St. Gallen 1874 , pp. 42–68
Heinrich Forer's Chronik# QUERY9fa4b754b49b5337c04b4dfeb5ca4723
~Heinrich Forer's Chronik*
Heinrich Forer's Chronik# QUERY4b4c1653de3e15cf0b5c50520fbdca39
Heinrich Forer's Chronik# SCITE43bc3412a3355217075a86bd8f71ceec
Heinrich Taube von Selbach : Chronica imperatorum et paparum . In: Die Chronik Heinrichs Taube von Selbach mit den von ihm verfassten Biographien Eichstätter Bischöfe (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores rerum Germanicarum N.S., ). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1922 , pp. 1-120
Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores rerum Germanicarum N.S.,
Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922# QUERYc03d12b9ccafc03eaa1e494d9fff0345
~Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922*
Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922# QUERYd584853ac242ea3572b2704bae3703fb
Heinrich Taube von Selbach 1922# SCITE73e9980954165914faecb8d063399f7b
Heinrich von Diessenhofen : Historia ecclesiastica . In: Heinricus de Diessenhofen und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im späteren Mittelalter (= Fontes rerum Germanicarum - Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands ). Cotta, Stuttgart 1993 , pp. 16-126
Heinrich von Diessenhofen 1868# QUERY6d2dde19f1bfdd9d35dab879888d9d48
~Heinrich von Diessenhofen 1868*
Heinrich von Diessenhofen 1868# QUERY549b929519db3b294c84d2e0333822a1
Heinrich von Diessenhofen 1868# SCITEdfb0f265c2e9cebee8def4aba5a6c860
Heinrich von Herford : Liber de rebus memorabilioribus sive Chronicon Henrici de Hervordia . Dieterich, Göttingen 1859
Liber de rebus memorabilioribus sive Chronicon Henrici de Hervordia
Heinrich von Herford 1859# QUERY74eee47bf84e08940363913a335b6222
~Heinrich von Herford 1859*
Heinrich von Herford 1859# QUERYd962dff29a355f9081fbc969b18b5cf9
Heinrich von Herford 1859# SCITEa2f0378bc453f72fab88c93c5caf9e93
Heinricus de Diessenhofen : Heinricus de Diessenhofen und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im späteren Mittelalter (= Fontes rerum Germanicarum – Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands ). Stuttgart 1868 , pp. 16–126
Fontes rerum Germanicarum – Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands
Heinricus de Diessenhofen und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im späteren Mittelalter
Heinricus de Diessenhofen 1842# QUERY77503d4a86ed95d80df47c053caed22f
~Heinricus de Diessenhofen 1842*
Heinricus de Diessenhofen 1842# QUERY28db561b2e6ac8bd157164782695f1d5
Heinricus de Diessenhofen 1842# SCITEc885cb75790c03b3ea8e97a60f4e195b
Anonymus : Chronique Parisienne anonyme de 1316 à 1339 . In: Memoires de la Société de l’histoire de Paris et de l’Île-de-France . 11, 1884
Chronique Parisienne anonyme de 1316 à 1339
Hellot 1884# QUERY3f041c09cbdad8ec38f53d91a454cf29
Henricus de Diessenhofen 1868# QUERY5905763094617f50341eb883eb9b61df
~Henricus de Diessenhofen 1868*
Henricus de Diessenhofen 1868# QUERY2c3e54f2ed7cee2f5a61e7d1fc8ccfa4
Henricus de Diessenhofen 1868# SCITE36c893bda03d10ff48f5a757ce41a4c9
Taki-eddin-Ahmed-Makrizi : Histoire des sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte, écrite en arabe . 1, Paris 1845
Histoire des sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte, écrite en arabe
Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks 1845# QUERYf65d0e586c6880702b81ee133172d43d
~Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks 1845*
Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks 1845# QUERY0f1777b488bc369e678fc776a1f578f3
Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks 1845# SCITE5ca425c0807ef4544dce2bc7e3e2898b
Anonymus : Historia annorum 1264–1279 . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851 , pp. 649–654
Historia annorum 1264-1279 1851# QUERY0ea8c1b5de034209da111c9aa4cfce5b
~Historia annorum 1264-1279 1851*
Historia annorum 1264-1279 1851# SCITEbadeb99a8a6ec34cea57b5acdb893ceb
Coelestin Leuthner : Historia Monasterii Wessofontani Illustrans Historiam Bavaricam Universalem & Particularem . Augsburg/Freiburg 1753
Historia Monasterii Wessofontani Illustrans Historiam Bavaricam Universalem & Particularem
Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753
Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753# QUERY914e3055238422703a5bffd1714c3af6
~Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753*
Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753# QUERYa881bc533c904f6f9226d06c605341d6
Historia Monasterii Wessofontani 1753# SCITE0f51822fb5839a9b037dd3bc4bfadda3
Giovanni Cornazzano : Historiae Parmensis fragmenta: Additamenta recentiores scriptoris (= Rerum Italicarum scriptores ). Societas Palatina, Milan 1728
Historiae Parmensis fragmenta: Additamenta recentiores scriptoris
Historiae Parmensis fragmenta# QUERY381d47c5299c19074e3635cb1685cfe3
~Historiae Parmensis fragmenta*
Historiae Parmensis fragmenta# QUERY3d7ca383b4c24c48e152361439fb493a
Historiae Parmensis fragmenta# SCITE53dec5b79dcc6c4bfa74950d1ec22eea
??? : Hyakurenshō百練抄 (= Kokushitaikei 国史大系 ). Tokyo 1897-1901
~Hyakurenshō百練抄 1897-1901*
Hyakurenshō百練抄 1897-1901# QUERYcf06ac11f140cd788ab3c9dde2d53565
Hyakurenshō百練抄 1897-1901# SCITE9ae62f2ff470e97c3ab39dce997092d8
Ibn al-Wardī, Zayn al-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. al-Muẓaffar : Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar. 2 vols. . Beirut
Ibn al-Wardī, Zayn al-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. al-Muẓaffar
Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar. 2 vols.
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970# QUERYd94c7b583b26a18ee4831ff657d20003
~Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970*
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970# QUERY8aec4929c01edf283c096c7b3701d871
Ibn al-Wardī - Tatimmat al-Mukhtaṣar 1970# SCITE03a4d712fe5e4517d2fc46a3991e9d1a
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā : Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār . 14 vols. . Abu Dhabi 2001–2004
ʿAbd Allāh b. Yaḥyā al-Sarīḥī et al.
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā
Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār. 14 vols.
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004# QUERY63193f5e6d313bcafeec7caadbe142de
~Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004*
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004# QUERYf2da32964657fc04df9691f5fb5f9622
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī - Masālik al-abṣār 2001-2004# SCITE4cd9bbc48b0c2684b87a2567d3427589
Ibn Kathīr, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar : Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya fī l-tārīkh. 21 vols. . Giza
Abd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-Turkī
Ibn Kathīr, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar
Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya fī l-tārīkh. 21 vols.
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999
~Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999*
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999# QUERYec0160501f33ec9ff1ce714373444687
Ibn Kathīr - Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 1997-1999# SCITE51bf75e865b2036e36d9dc12fff6d2a5
Ibn Ḥabīb, Badr al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. ʿUmar al-Dimashqī al-Ḥalabī : Tadhkirat al-nabīh fī ayyām al-Manṣūr wa-banīhi. 3 vols. . Cairo
Muḥammad Muḥammad Amīn and Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ ʿĀshūr
Ibn Ḥabīb, Badr al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. ʿUmar al-Dimashqī al-Ḥalabī
Tadhkirat al-nabīh fī ayyām al-Manṣūr wa-banīhi. 3 vols.
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986# QUERYb484ce1240fe26a40a7651b05278260d
~Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986*
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986# QUERY2d9363ab101ab1b5172efc2ad665e4a8
Ibn Ḥabīb - Tadhkirat al-nabīh 1976-1986# SCITE9efcc79019b5c48b7042a596911c209b
Iohannes Victoriensis : Liber certarum historiarum . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1909 , pp. 1–387
Iohannes Victoriensis 1340-1343# QUERY4022270c1a22f9fdd98be4e02396943d
~Iohannes Victoriensis 1340-1343*
Iohannes Victoriensis 1340-1343# QUERY8e079abf47035f8cf6c374b0f2922f3b
Iohannes Victoriensis 1340-1343# SCITEb1922a66da139e7d7d9dea817197e02a
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen : Chronik des Jacob Twinger von Königshofen, Die Chroniken der oberrheinischen Städte (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert ). Leipzig 1870-1871 , pp. 153-918
Chronik des Jacob Twinger von Königshofen, Die Chroniken der oberrheinischen Städte
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71# QUERY217dc9d099803a68f77b1fa6eeee21f5
~Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71*
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71# QUERY9af7567730619316faca3b47770af9c3
Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik 1870-71# SCITE3ad0c40da61b8a0e70031a5ccc73fcf6
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati : Chroniche fiorentine di ser Naddo da Montecatini e del Cavaliere Iacopo Salviati (= Delizie degli Eruditi Toscani ). Florence 1784 , pp. 175-361
Chroniche fiorentine di ser Naddo da Montecatini e del Cavaliere Iacopo Salviati
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784# QUERYc05a5e97a9cd1f8e1b4cc5fe61dcae55
~Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784*
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784# QUERY7fc00f19c3b8a470c2fd27b3c3d1e1b2
Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati: Chronica o Memorie 1784# SCITEd7da1476a1b5b9074217d22d74bb3408
Johannes Latomus : Antiquitates / Acta aliquod vetustiora. (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 67-136
Joannes Latomus 1884# QUERYad1634a611392f9d9fc7e0deec0962a5
~Joannes Latomus 1884*
Joannes Latomus 1884# QUERYd3996d5440a2f2ac0529a5b170a5b6cd
Joannes Latomus 1884# SCITE3a9a96b9bed3106f24a93b83e52230a8
Johann Berckmann : Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik und die noch vorhandenen Auszüge aus alten verloren gegangenen Stralsundischen Chroniken (= Stralsundische Chroniken ). Stralsund 1833 , pp. 159–224
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik und die noch vorhandenen Auszüge aus alten verloren gegangenen Stralsundischen Chroniken
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik# QUERY0f7900804f8a9305c1aee5273c2c7cf0
~Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik*
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik# QUERY0ab9b609cb7cd3b09a868cca62835b8f
Johann Berckmann's Stralsundische Chronik# SCITEcbb807aa3256724ac0eafd4d419bf7f2
Johann Heise : Aufzeichnungen des Johann Heise (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 224-236
Johann Heise 1884# QUERY2545609bc0b0979edcb61f4612b8e7b6
~Johann Heise 1884*
Johann Heise 1884# SCITEdc4ee2b0baa0cc0d56b4a3cb24668c75
Johannes Rothe : Thüringische Landeschronik und Eisenacher Chronik (= Deutsche Texte des Mittelalters ). Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2007
Thüringische Landeschronik und Eisenacher Chronik
~Johannes Rothe 2007*
Johannes Rothe 2007# QUERY5e0809f0d700fa003b9464aeaf65b747
Johannes Rothe 2007# SCITE1126c030c660b60ed6c6adbf13d6000f
Johannes von Winterthur : Chronik / Johannes von Winterthur . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series ). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924
MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series
Johannes von Winterthur# QUERYe1cea2266c1d84aeaf1d70ef5b99a4c5
~Johannes von Winterthur*
Johannes von Winterthur# QUERY3c6f840cca9c6ceafed42f462ef1286d
Johannes von Winterthur# SCITEf720c86ba3a8584087ea723801cf217b
Anonymus : Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris de 1405 à 1449 . Libraire Générale Française, Paris
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris de 1405 à 1449
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990# QUERY7937a505571dd87a988278374d3fe388
~Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990*
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990# QUERYc396340267522d11c2ccefa514f3d019
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1990# SCITE2c3c883c00247fff7724fc06c4c31005
Clément de Fauquemberge : Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, greffier du Parlement de Paris (1417–1435), 3 vol. . Renouard, Paris
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge, greffier du Parlement de Paris (1417–1435), 3 vol.
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge# QUERY0f517c1ae651b2016c6d47dd521da498
~Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge*
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge# QUERY9a9033b721af2c9c67f86cb7a157084a
Journal de Clément de Fauquemberge# SCITE2b13cc075a9e0b5831f2d287818564d1
Jean Aubrion : Journal de Jean Aubrion, bourgeois de Metz, avec sa continuation par Pierre Aubrion (1465–1512) . F. Blanc, Metz
Journal de Jean Aubrion, bourgeois de Metz, avec sa continuation par Pierre Aubrion (1465–1512)
Journal de Jean Aubrion# QUERY1247bfa633cf68cb52120df0d2fd3f01
~Journal de Jean Aubrion*
Journal de Jean Aubrion# QUERY3aa37eaa924d944796ec789bcce7de3f
Journal de Jean Aubrion# SCITE95d2a48968b2f0402e121372da3e8892
Anonymus : Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica (aa. 1252–1364) (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Citta di Castello 1906
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica (aa. 1252–1364)
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica# QUERY0ee41dcb87119ae43942d90f1d7a14db
~Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica*
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica# QUERY0ea8ac3a82fcaae0aa257c395b591fc5
Juliani canonici Civitatenses chronica# SCITE3009d8bd2c26ab34600861162c6c0328
Anonymus : Kalendarium Necrologicum Fratrum Minorum Conventus in Goerlicz . In: Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum: Neue Folge . 1, Görlitz 1839 , pp. 265-307
Kalendarium Necrologicum Fratrum Minorum Conventus in Goerlicz
Kalendarium necrologium FOM 1839# QUERY703ff1e9d2a51e3f3f34fadccd87af3e
~Kalendarium necrologium FOM 1839*
Kalendarium necrologium FOM 1839# QUERYcbd8c46a748958cea30335a8f3ab32ce
Kalendarium necrologium FOM 1839# SCITEe5300de5404f4b07a6b17beaa3a6c612
Konrad Stolle : Thüringisch-Erfurtische Chronik (= Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart ). Literarischer Verein / Rodopi, Stuttgart/Amsterdam 1854/1968
Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart
Konrad Stolle 1968# QUERY2757d5b8ad18fd8af679e69ba39008e2
~Konrad Stolle 1968*
Konrad Stolle 1968# QUERYed01ee9c0eb79338967b1d6e09465b80
Konrad Stolle 1968# SCITE3dd30c15b582490509a55ecb2148ee93
Anonymus : Kostanzer Chronik von 307 bis 1466 . In: Quellensammlung der Badischen Landesgeschichte . 1, Karlsruhe 1848 , pp. 309–349
Konstanzer Chronik# QUERY47fbc83230bcdd9c806445bf2d2c9e52
~Konstanzer Chronik*
Konstanzer Chronik# QUERY262e89572bfebb3102cca60ce3acfa44
Konstanzer Chronik# SCITE10e0651941c3272e9c011fd2966e0940
Johannes Stetter : Das alte Konstanz in Schrift und Stift. Die Chroniken der Stadt Konstanz . Konstanz 1891
Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERYab5bdfbf9e57cac7f29d327de9d857c7
~Konstanzer Chronik 1891*
Konstanzer Chronik 1891# QUERY5c968ecb010f0533e8c94c48d7af146c
Konstanzer Chronik 1891# SCITEb4bd8db514f99fe8107eac3f827999ed
Anonymus : Eine Konstanzer Weltchronik aus dem Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts (= Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Geschichts-, Altertums- und Volkskunde von Freiburg, dem Breisgau und den angrenzenden Landschaften ). Freiburg im Breisgau 1869 , pp. 198-235
Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Geschichts-, Altertums- und Volkskunde von Freiburg, dem Breisgau und den angrenzenden Landschaften
Eine Konstanzer Weltchronik aus dem Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts
Konstanzer Weltchronik 1869# QUERY03a9459750944db93f3ee924999c19f2
~Konstanzer Weltchronik 1869*
Konstanzer Weltchronik 1869# QUERY35eff15a2314dbf54250278f1fbf8b0d
Konstanzer Weltchronik 1869# SCITEc887155ed3bf032a2a93a54f7107594d
Anonymus : Gesta abbatum Trudonensium . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1852 , pp. 213–448
Köpke 1852# QUERY1fb3cda7362f7eff240a7843a1d9ed5e
Anonymus : La chronique liégeoise de 1402 . Kiessling et Cie, Brussels
La chronique liégeoise de 1402# QUERY0bfe8681ee802cfdb4895d3418b84c78
~La chronique liégeoise de 1402*
La chronique liégeoise de 1402# QUERY665c08cca8f3a6d6a5f431cf8d1dee43
La chronique liégeoise de 1402# SCITE0795e7b0b2820f85fc1f586074f76a77
Giovan Francesco Rebaccini : La più antica cronaca di Cuneo . In: Biblioteca della Società per gli Studi Storici, Archeologici ed Artistici della Provincia di Cuneo . 16, Cuneo 1981
La più antica cronaca di Cuneo# QUERY91c55ae57e9deb3b7301f6780361aa4a
~La più antica cronaca di Cuneo*
La più antica cronaca di Cuneo# QUERY765e2550185790679bd05112992b9165
La più antica cronaca di Cuneo# SCITEc42a9e55df0756647138650cfb66ac51
Jacme Mascaro : Le libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro . In: Revue des langues romanes . 34, 1890 , pp. 36–100
Le Libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro
Le Libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro# QUERY264365a607fb67d1c08d107f28633e7d
~Le Libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro*
Le Libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro# QUERY73f3c71ad5bdd2c271bbe0fbd1cda987
Le Libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro# SCITE4356faa1e40f2c7286220c1b00b3fe62
Anonymus : Équipe projet Thalamus, Édition critique numérique du manuscrit AA9 des Archives municipales de Montpellier dit Le Petit Thalamus .
Équipe projet Thalamus, Édition critique numérique du manuscrit AA9 des Archives municipales de Montpellier dit Le Petit Thalamus
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier# QUERYfee53bffebf9939c6bab5df45ba57846
~Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier*
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier# QUERY1425630c17255245a92c19d6cd097462
Le Petit Thalamus de Montpellier# SCITE5cda129150311477731869a35f320f7d
Leonardo Bruni : History of the Florentine people (= The I Tatti Renaissance Library ). Cambridge (Mass.) 2001-2007
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII# QUERY2b2b8b5649ecec41206f93d0caa720a8
~Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII*
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII# QUERYdb45d630f329a3b386bcb30a327123b9
Leonardo Bruni: Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII# SCITE1d7f48d3eff8be35ef40dd4bea87a506
Jacques du Clerc : Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc (= Choix de chroniques et mémoires sur l'histoire de France ). Paris 1838 , pp. 1–318
Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838
Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838# QUERY543b64523f35177dece2dd6cf2eddf2a
~Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838*
Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838# QUERY667167b03523cb4837068ab9154989bd
Les mémoires de Jacques du Clerc 1838# SCITE3d2fe9d0dcbb7310fa3931ca1c7fb34c
Tilemann Elen von Wolfhagen : Die Limburger Chronik des Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Deutsche Chroniken (MGH. Dt. Chron.) ). Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1883
Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde
Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Deutsche Chroniken (MGH. Dt. Chron.)
Die Limburger Chronik des Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen.
Limburger Chronik 1883# QUERY8503f00e04c5182e5567aa3aa586b229
~Limburger Chronik 1883*
Limburger Chronik 1883# QUERY85ce4c8935dd8529b8464995e0da2a97
Limburger Chronik 1883# SCITE91c10868b37401f58c9f15d85b97ed09
Lodovico Ostesani : Breve Compendio, et Sommario delle cose della Cittade di Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 897–1506 , ISBN (Signatur)BU 1164, pp. 5–98
Breve Compendio, et Sommario delle cose della Cittade di Bologna
Lodovico Ostesani 897–1506# QUERYdc4bece40d5e18e2aafa8b8068b70678
~Lodovico Ostesani 897–1506*
Lodovico Ostesani 897–1506# SCITEe6df9f2f66ad132a4dc53ae7264d25ff
Luca di Totto da Panzano : Frammenti della cronaca di messer Luca di Totto da Panzano da una copia di Vincenzia Borghini (= Giornale Storico degli Archivi Toscani ). 1861 , pp. 58-78
Frammenti della cronaca di messer Luca di Totto da Panzano da una copia di Vincenzia Borghini
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861# QUERY82b7a1c506e90b6a0bc02eb096f4cfbf
~Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861*
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861# QUERYa3c98809840d2242b9a0bed38da53b49
Luca di Totto da Panzano: Libro di ricordanze 1861# SCITE3085a105311d7f392df4e32d875b08a6
Lübecker Ratschronik (1401-1469) . In: Die Chroniken der niedersächsischen Städte. Lübeck (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert . 4). Leipzig 1910 , pp. 357–442
Lübecker Ratschronik (1401–1469)# QUERY135e9792d1eafed79c90698cc295c64e
~Lübecker Ratschronik (1401–1469)*
Lübecker Ratschronik (1401–1469)# QUERY97ab2b835db935a0b3145ef740417d3c
Lübecker Ratschronik (1401–1469)# SCITE4f2cbaeaaf95df81c28081058bd4ec83
Heinrich von Lammespringe : Die Magdeburger Schöppenchronik (= Chroniken der Deutschen Städte ). Hirzel, Leipzig 1869
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869# QUERY2df83cd558a8d599460f89bd518322ad
~Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869*
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869# QUERYb1555d214f0ec692524f2169b08e5d10
Magdeburger Schöppenchronik 1869# SCITE5c90fd870049ef1833f674e7a77bf73c
Johannes Kungstein : Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406 – Chronicon Moguntinum. Festgabe für Anton Issel (= Lebendiges Rheinland-Pfalz ). Mainz 2009
Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406 – Chronicon Moguntinum. Festgabe für Anton Issel
Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406# QUERYcebcae33072d950cfd79bc11afaf66a6
~Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406*
Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406# QUERY54c5f1072accd3289aa9d6305a3ee9b1
Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406# SCITE1563a37330b3c0786dff2b4e093818aa
Coppo Stefani : Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1903
Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903# QUERYb6dcb08cd1d65702b95189a7798d29be
~Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903*
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903# QUERY3cabeda1b753ec0907cfb5f1701f02ca
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani 1903# SCITE93b6dd779d9f017c95e27f586b29a5d0
Marco Battagli : Marcha di Marco Battagli da Rimini [AA. 1212-1354] (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Citta di Castello 1912
Marcha di Marco Battagli da Rimini [AA. 1212-1354]
Marco Battagli 1912# QUERYd2ba2f30f75a6f02698332a06fab40fd
~Marco Battagli 1912*
Marco Battagli 1912# QUERY8edd23bd88e50f933f3ee8a5a049b764
Marco Battagli 1912# SCITE438cca3da2ac42c629eeecbbbccbae55
Maternus Berler : Chronik . In: Code historique et diplomatique de la ville de Strasbourg . 1, 1/2, Silbermann, Strasbourg 1843 , pp. 71–130
Maternus Berler Chronik# QUERY261f4c6d83184a6c2ca2df2b15bc0086
~Maternus Berler Chronik*
Maternus Berler Chronik# QUERYa6ebcf36a7c9e82bb7a1acf2965f3b76
Maternus Berler Chronik# SCITE046a7b64edb9ed91cdf286e7f0618691
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40
Matthias von Neuenburg : de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis (= Monumenta Germanie Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum NS (MGHSSrG) ). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924-40 , pp. 502-543
de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40# QUERYa7ecc0d333fc476aeac83f37656eeb74
~Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40*
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40# QUERY050dd9351684c4a286fabd1e1b5aee31
Mathias de Nuwenburg: de progenie, origine et gestis bertholdi de Bucheke episcopi Argentinensis 1924-40# SCITE4196e86d729b71e00896e06ea19b27bb
Nicolai Acciaioli and Matteo Palmieri : Vita Nicolai Acciaioli / Matteo Palmieri (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Zanichelli, Bologna 1918
Nicolai Acciaioli and Matteo Palmieri
Vita Nicolai Acciaioli / Matteo Palmieri
Matteo Palmieri 1918# QUERYeed0ccfd29e3b99a3fa225534d079dfa
~Matteo Palmieri 1918*
Matteo Palmieri 1918# QUERY720a236bb74f411493f19bb757fdc7e9
Matteo Palmieri 1918# SCITEa5fc93e713f7d0ecce0b1c95534e701c
Matteo Villani : Cronica.Con la continuazione di Filippo Villani (= Biblioteca di scrittori italiani ). Parma 1995
Matteo Villani 1995# QUERYbb949c9b84954d99ad3c46ebb27acf76
~Matteo Villani 1995*
Matteo Villani 1995# QUERY6cfb63c8731ab686a1c7b5d3d271b235
Matteo Villani 1995# SCITEaef92600c857eacf7bef411bfbea88c2
Matthaei Parisiensis : Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora (= Rolls Series ). London 1872–1884
Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884# QUERY210965f695564738731cc0afe01581ed
~Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884*
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884# QUERYe6d05d834118bcb27ecc02a17496b0f8
Matthaei Parisiensis: Chronica majora 1872–1884# SCITEe17aaae573b0e69f7a24a58aa9b89a0f
Matthias von Neuenburg : Chronica (= Monumenta Germanie Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum NS (MGHSSrG) ). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924-40 , pp. 1-501
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40# QUERY3778f3ca397cf4de56be1334af1fa09a
~Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40*
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40# QUERY47a3aa534b94de400f03a889a8a380f7
Matthias de Nuwenburg Chronica 1924-40# SCITE1f923e66e035a9dd86da04d7096b908b
~Mazzatini 1903-09*
Anonymus : Memorie della Città di Bologna . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, pp. BU 582, t. 1
Memorie della Città di Bologna# QUERY07cb405d89cf230ee61d3c2b95753ac4
~Memorie della Città di Bologna*
Memorie della Città di Bologna# QUERY2a55619f4e6c429d113ab0ce12a6cfc4
Memorie della Città di Bologna# SCITE71c9166a4fa8a901e7790c527414bcf9
Inde ab. A. MCCXIII usque ad A. MCCCXXIV . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover/Leipzig 1909–13
MGH Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum
Inde ab. A. MCCXIII usque ad A. MCCCXXIV
MGH Const. 5# SCITE8601dd27bc80e9b58e37013faf4b5135
Michele da Piazza : Historia Sicula ab anno MCCCXXXVII ad annum MCCCLXI. (= Bibliotheca Scriptorum Qui Res In Sicilia Gestas Sub Aragonum Imperio Retulere ). Ex Regio Typographeo, Palermo 1791 , pp. 511-780
Bibliotheca Scriptorum Qui Res In Sicilia Gestas Sub Aragonum Imperio Retulere
Historia Sicula ab anno MCCCXXXVII ad annum MCCCLXI.
Michele da Piazza 1791# QUERY84d6124b3e0efe9447dbd2085d04f6d7
~Michele da Piazza 1791*
Michele da Piazza 1791# QUERY04a069f6e9b5b8c3b29ade7d5d2985b1
Michele da Piazza 1791# SCITE4492bdf33128e91b4ac466a36739a1ab
Michele da Piazza : Cronaca 1336-1361. (= Fonti per la Storia di Sicilia ). Reno Mazzone, Palermo, Sao Paulo 1980
Michele da Piazza 1980# QUERYc2f8d2b8670ba4f4142656ecae12a7ba
~Michele da Piazza 1980*
Michele da Piazza 1980# QUERY329a5c5be69b994139a96f0845b8b864
Michele da Piazza 1980# SCITE28769d80cd498dfa38103df4a3cf6bd6
Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (= Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch . 1-26). Baerensprung'sche Hofbuchdruckerei, Schwerin 1836-1936
Verein für Mecklenburgische Geschichte und Altertumskunde
Hans Kirchmeier : Münchener Annalen (1453–1483) . In: Beyträge zur vaterländischen Historie, Geographie, Statistik und Landwirthschaft . 5, München 1794 , pp. 190–201
~Münchener Annalen (1453–1483)*
Naddo de Montecatini : Chroniche fiorentine di ser Naddo da Montecatini e del Cavaliere Iacopo Salviati (= Delizie degli Eruditi Toscani ). Florence 1784 , pp. 1-174
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784# QUERYefbbcc82abdee67271290690c0a00de5
~Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784*
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784# QUERYd0e216c7c1c4359a8f12077a0057fbe4
Naddo de Montecatini: Memorie istoriche 1784# SCITE5a4c32de39ecac7c0788c689d7721577
Nicolaus de Jamsilla : Historia de rebus gestis Friderici II imperatoris eiusque filiorum Conradi et Manfredi . In: Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (Muratori) ). Milan 1726 , pp. 493-584
Historia de rebus gestis Friderici II imperatoris eiusque filiorum Conradi et Manfredi
Nicolaus de Jamsilla Historia# QUERYb426924c29dfa6a01d7e09dd8dab187a
~Nicolaus de Jamsilla Historia*
Nicolaus de Jamsilla Historia# QUERY058b75444f70377509eac4ed272bb795
Nicolaus de Jamsilla Historia# SCITEde448741171c832e35214fa6fa02e62d
Anonymus : Notae Constantienses (= Receuil des historiens des Gaules et de la France ). H. Welter, Paris 1894 , pp. 543–546
Receuil des historiens des Gaules et de la France
Noate Constantienses# QUERYa51efe1e5b15bbd8fcf276bdedb042d1
~Noate Constantienses*
Noate Constantienses# QUERY5f68be08b0f2bf0707f7d973f268f68b
Noate Constantienses# SCITEf5873655d3bfd08bffbb232905e83c9b
Angelo de Tummulillis : Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia; Scrittori. Secolo XV ). Istituto storico italiano, Rome 1890
Fonti per la storia d'Italia; Scrittori. Secolo XV
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia# QUERY38c2e4dd645044736c08d794832a87ea
~Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia*
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia# QUERY98dfbb97f84e8c0562ed41119f82b58d
Notabilia temporum di Angelo de Tummulillis da Sant'Elia# SCITEa601a4b6e03be2d6b06b84ac818892f1
Obertus Stanconus , Iacubus Aurie et al.: Annales. A. 1270–1279 . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores ). Hannover 1863 , pp. 267–288
Obertus Stanconus, Iacubus Aurie et al.
Obertus Stanconus et al. 1863# QUERY21a456229a32687f76bb7d2799c5f2e8
~Obertus Stanconus et al. 1863*
Obertus Stanconus et al. 1863# QUERY2de50d6c2a01162d58d07e8b40e4ff45
Ermanno Orlando : Registro XXIV (1347-1349). (= Venezia – Senato. Deliberazioni miste ). Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Venezia 2007 , ISBN 9788888143750
Orlando 2007# QUERYfe2d6312e772c6edfee058b66eb667cf
Orlando 2007# QUERYff1fc1c619d76a43ba56e59ba8631ad5
Orlando 2007# SCITE286dfcd5f6ca79358b118ebce742a4fb
Anonymus : Diario ferrarese dall'anno 1409 sino al 1502 di autori incerti (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Zanichelli, Bologna 1928–33
Diario ferrarese dall'anno 1409 sino al 1502 di autori incerti
Francesco Petrarca : Buch 1-12. Bücher der Vertraulichkeiten (= Familiaria ). De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2005
Petrarca 2005# QUERY95f4ddbd12cc077814c5fa535a7aa9ca
Francesco Petrarca : Buch 13-24. Bücher der Vertraulichkeiten (= Familiaria ). De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2009
Buch 13-24. Bücher der Vertraulichkeiten
Petrarca 2009# QUERY730bef0ea427b58ecb1e8a306df3bfd1
Petrarca 2009# SCITE6aba86b3930da54eb56942bcde89a268
Lodovico Ostesani : Cronica, o sia Memoriale delle cose di Bologna dall' Anno 1359 al 1424 . Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 1359–1424 , ISBN (Signatur)BU 1843, pp. 5–98
Cronica, o sia Memoriale delle cose di Bologna dall' Anno 1359 al 1424
Pietro Fabio 1359–1424# QUERY1d88135abee938d22e16dd2bfda3ee93
~Pietro Fabio 1359–1424*
Nahyan Fancy ; Monica H. Green : Plague and the fall of Baghdad, 1258 (= Medical History ). 2021 , pp. 157-177
Plague and the fall of Baghdad 2021
Plague and the fall of Baghdad 2021# QUERY134f9a34ffd562838f636174fcf147c4
~Plague and the fall of Baghdad 2021*
Plague and the fall of Baghdad 2021# QUERYda20932979ea258b67a1fa94e0481fc4
Plague and the fall of Baghdad 2021# SCITEeda97097ed2dd25737c99df598b07ed1
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877
Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt : Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt . 2, London 1877
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877# QUERYce49877a9119c6866832c778408638f7
~Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877*
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877# QUERY111a115af9c9a641f4ab474218ce8076
Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt 1877# SCITE6d06dc9f3e734a3b1722093f0d49447e
Niccolò da Ferrara : Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milan 1738
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses# QUERYdf162b8dba7200a04b11b490789c4e92
~Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses*
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses# QUERY80aede42174502246f38f1dc8587f9dd
Polyhistoria fratris Bartholomaei Ferrarienses# SCITE9a8d947f5daa3f54e461fcf7a3a9284a
Christian Presche : Kassel im Mittelalter. Zur Stadtentwicklung bis 1367. Textband . Kassel University Press, Kassel
Kassel im Mittelalter. Zur Stadtentwicklung bis 1367. Textband
Presche 2013# SCITE1bfd7cc784fff7ba74d6c5015c06bed0
Anonymus : Princeton Geniza Project (PGP) .
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP)# QUERY099406b4dbefe7f57834fc78a1a8882f
~Princeton Geniza Project (PGP)*
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP)# QUERY79ddeaa0aca19694117136ef63e4ca4d
Princeton Geniza Project (PGP)# SCITE8ec3266bada2c3c584c444fb7a0e12c2
Ptolemaeus Lucensis : Annales Ptolemaeus Lucensis . In: Cronache dei Secoli XIII e XIV (= Documenti di storia italiana . 1). Florence 1876 , pp. 35–104
Ptolemaeus Lucensis 1876# QUERY10d5558bc4413d4f66f9d7dc0840c05d
~Ptolemaeus Lucensis 1876*
Ptolemaeus Lucensis 1876# QUERY045a80c3956e3b03518d18bc3a164c8c
Ptolemaeus Lucensis 1876# SCITEaecb5869736afa6aa5d2da000134ba5e
Raphaynus de Caresinis : Chronica AA. 1343-1388 (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). Zanichelli, Bologna 1992
Raphaynus de Caresinis 1922# QUERY9db54edbb95c9d529fbeb535a3a4cd87
~Raphaynus de Caresinis 1922*
Raphaynus de Caresinis 1922# QUERYb6f5aee13557095f768cad694fb7a31a
Raphaynus de Caresinis 1922# SCITEa96ec26a0e6a35746a36f1f777600d9d
Riccobaldo da Ferrara : Historia imperatorum romano-germanicorum a Carolo Magno usque ad Annum MCCXCVIII. producta (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ). Milan 1726 , pp. cols. 107–144
Historia imperatorum romano-germanicorum a Carolo Magno usque ad Annum MCCXCVIII. producta
Riccobaldo da Ferrara 1726b# QUERYd061fd043b968b0578531a9a050780b3
~Riccobaldo da Ferrara 1726b*
Riccobaldo da Ferrara 1726b# QUERY5877c161240164add162e2be354d050f
Riccobaldo da Ferrara 1726b# SCITE74fb772187da518e076469bcf58811bf
Bernhard Rorbach : Liber gestorum (= Quellen zur Frankfurter Geschichte ). Carl Jügel, Frankfurt 1884 , pp. 181-223
Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884# QUERY8518cf1dface21c365b80058593ae546
~Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884*
Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884# QUERYc5268d3d2382c503c4282b7a8f452024
Rorbach Liber gestorum 1884# SCITEb1993d6e62d8d1d14710810fa5d1845a
G. Rossi : Storia della città Ventimiglia dalle sue origini sino ai nostri tempi . Cerrutti, Derosso e Dusso, Torino
Storia della città Ventimiglia dalle sue origini sino ai nostri tempi
Salimbene De Adam : Cronica. Salimbene de Adam . Turnhout 1998-1999
Salimbene De Adam 1998/99# QUERYb1d5d7dac515bedb51ca3f505458ea4f
~Salimbene De Adam 1998/99*
Salimbene De Adam 1998/99# QUERY1aa756bebca1afd796547989a93aa811
Salimbene De Adam 1998/99# SCITE3f15db601eed8f0453f1a1db4bca4168
Die Chroniken der westfälischen und niederrheinischen Städte. Soest und Duisburg (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert . 3). Hirzel, Leipzig 1895
Die Chroniken der westfälischen und niederrheinischen Städte. Soest und Duisburg
Soest und Duisburg# QUERY2e5c1467ac3b2f680c92ea3c09c9751f
~Soest und Duisburg*
Soest und Duisburg# QUERY893c39df34ce5995c2576dc96ef663dd
Soest und Duisburg# SCITEac8fc82caa470aedab199b621849118d
Alberto Sorbelli : Cronica gestorum ac factorum memorabilium civitatis Bononiensis / Gerolamo Albertucci de' Borselli (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²) ). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1912
Cronica gestorum ac factorum memorabilium civitatis Bononiensis / Gerolamo Albertucci de' Borselli
Sorbelli 1912# QUERYfa1ef6fa2f6f8f6b8f9dae93925201b2
Sorbelli 1912# SCITE9ce20fea3817a8d0fc16bea0cd9ff6f2
Johannes Staindel : Presbyteri Pataviensis Chronicon Generale ab O.C. ad A.C. MDVIII . In: Rerum boicarum scriptores . 1, 1764 , pp. 420-542
Presbyteri Pataviensis Chronicon Generale ab O.C. ad A.C. MDVIII
Staindel 1764# QUERY2ee365ffdbda9ffa0cdb79611b0fc836
Staindel 1764# QUERY2e4dea9553fe3117daee8f8b7fc07e1c
Anonymus : The annals of Inisfallen . Dublin 1951
The annals of Inisfallen 1951# QUERY4e237b898f83d547975b65fcd7c12e36
~The annals of Inisfallen 1951*
The annals of Inisfallen 1951# QUERYb8ab50752d31cea70c931672661e3b15
The annals of Inisfallen 1951# SCITEb74ac06eaf7e2698e3eabdc345c490af
Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen (= Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae II ). Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig
~UB Meissen 1864-67*
Johannes Wellendorf : Die Erfurter Chronik des Johannes Wellendorf (um 1590) . Böhlau, Köln; Wien 2015
Die Erfurter Chronik des Johannes Wellendorf (um 1590)
~Wellendorf Chronik 2015*
Wellendorf Chronik 2015# QUERYc594ca35368d82ece687a078eccea554
Wellendorf Chronik 2015# SCITEfbeb33a8e3c7b2af9d1a258a5749d454
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts . Stralsund 1893
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts# QUERYb502768b815cf376ff5171274b0c1b08
~Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts*
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts# QUERYc73f97d9f85b1568e95810f45efc449d
Zwei Stralsundische Chroniken des 15. Jahrhunderts# SCITEf6a397709e74b0e8a55dff69db747a2b
June# QUERY704b9b6102caf1e2bd55a8709057edfc
June# ERR108aed1c45dd40ceee0c17e38ffb1c3c
May# QUERY704b9b6102caf1e2bd55a8709057edfc
May# ERRa728018ddcc5ebf6c8a37fbe0fd2180b
1565# QUERYedc0a752df86a9b0a8e138f7dca46f5b
Keyword statistics# QUERYa210d7ed259591acb79a61087b84f118
Keyword statistics# QUERY76d4c04679a9a61089d3dc1694ddd898
Map of places# QUERY49465b2062ea69a0c42be637e94ec94f
Map of places# QUERY1d34d7db206f539fa08dbc18ad444ef2
Map of epidemic waves# QUERY49465b2062ea69a0c42be637e94ec94f
Latin
Latin# QUERYce29df557be0917a42efaf69db695226
Icelandic
Icelandic# QUERY0c46b5daa8a0e91a81c380fed82efc64
Icelandic# QUERY3a1892c4d7a421bc6fda13cb383642ac
Cyrillic
Cyrillic# QUERY0f4176ab4a9774ecc89daa50077502d2
Cyrillic# QUERY90302bb98d039d053f8831ceb03c8aa0
German
German# QUERYfd654b3962f94b4434bf0f936da1a0bc
Arabic
Arabic# QUERYaf3ac268d5bb166e55ff284cdaefdf51
Hebrew
Hebrew# QUERYe2760c4daa00d5ad4027e535e65b720d
Hebrew# QUERYcff6cdfdebb6c7fc8eacb09a5e91cdc0
Italian
Italian# QUERY269f9387ef0bad4db4d1579bca8ababd
Japanese
Japanese# QUERY42ef9a110e16d73a0edf36ea2feeb64a
Chinese
Chinese# QUERY2b318f5c5848af7c4e5f47fed26b820e
Chinese# QUERYea80133bf4f3d2c413bbfa7f1f7a191e
Georgian
Georgian# QUERY94eb254f74105ec07c33ebfffd8c75de
Georgian# QUERY596fcb56ab0c639a404a53a071921a2e
French
French# QUERY9019b17c80d5ac4fb8c023f3b59b9a6b
Norwegian
Norwegian# QUERYa2e9b08b197d9fe6cc1e13768717cccd
Norwegian# QUERYdddd8a8535dc7eebd664bf32240df41c
Occitan
Occitan# QUERYc8db62f04a7326e923a13efa42e9c63a
Swedish
Syriac
Syriac# QUERY5665e28130cad73bfdc8aff779de2c70
Catalan
Danish
Danish# QUERY2232932da8301caaf1ec98a5dbb92c58
Danish# QUERYbabae3b3f7527028bb63943f08a82be5
English
English# QUERY5db88045a35d78e95a6cfa1eb00d7cbe
English# QUERY89efccfe6e2816ec59e106a93bcec737
Greek
Dutch
mortality
Epizootic
Epizootic# QUERY27130fc5f2dc5d27de379aa1675a3360
Famine
Famine# QUERY0244ffcba2917e4080d9db2b3d113314
Famine# QUERYfdcf3ccc74db2616860a09cab1e6407f
Trade
Trade# QUERY8f778922d0add77b2a8bb4dc46140ee4
Trade# QUERYe1425a4f562d5eb4115beeb76c40c0b4
Illustration
Illustration# QUERYeba0c17025a76f3230cc15e395fb6680
Illustration# QUERYb996cdf110ef4bf069c133ab9a6e059b
Fever
Epidemics
Epidemics# QUERY697f3b138bef6cb4a734cba6fb4becb9
Epidemics# QUERYd0999224cb62f19a0f9f32a6df6c9c2e
Fasting
Fasting# QUERY0c613c5c6037f887b6aa551ce49a830a
Fasting# QUERYe33714d60abfc63afe3b691d2cb47f12
Prayers of supplication
Prayers of supplication# QUERYdacba9aa972dec158167f32f12c61862
Prayers of supplication# QUERY644776cd26c83903b9705d43020a87c0
Animal disease
Animal disease# QUERY4c501c3f5fd17da9bd7cf4c455505d51
Animal disease# QUERY0bab8057e5b97b0da8f2a590761df4e6
Mass grave
Mass grave# QUERY577daf9493fb76173a858be70ba7fd46
Hunger
Hunger# QUERY8c94152db7c925e096f38b599cca3c00
Agriculture
Agriculture# QUERY4031c894b7913a9a239bdbb61a14fd44
Agriculture# QUERY110033ec8acc5850fe8b46e1e4102c51
Drought
Drought# QUERY4eea821f32ea6f670bbcfde16bb70500
Drought# QUERY3a634c58b6ec2e870bfb1cfe345292bc
Grain
Grain# QUERYc6354dd767993a41a97de2b4e04ad63d
Grain# QUERYa04b95463fb8f19aa8d0af2d8dbbd513
Price hike
Price hike# QUERY5bbdb24a487035ccc61fe8ef68f97362
Flagellants
Flagellants# QUERY1a23ff5a3b61b6b6188d39e0bc1698a7
Flagellants# QUERY339ee542873c2431f205a84fb6f999cc
Price increase
Price increase# QUERY1acdfbcfe27aecf189c05f2708735900
Price increase# QUERY58c6570c128933f60e238d7d0b74feb5
Wine# QUERY5a6acd805aba35f430248fa7f3bf40de
Siege
Siege# QUERYb8b37cfa7c09d4a6a9044fd31826d544
Siege# QUERYf9e638cf3070ba41e7df4f5ddca2ec3f
Mumps
Mumps# QUERY9dd9e5eb1e6f6658e84b4f7a059f7245
Mumps# QUERYa46d2e9b983ba9efe581c4d33882da45
Pestilence
Pestilence# QUERY10e636c8667745fa6ee1f28c5d564e0e
Pestilence# QUERYb9b2d1bbd2433479b244d49bbb46a87b
Disease
Disease# QUERY1b52bacbb7f840d9cfa43cc4d93f704a
Jews# QUERYbac404c4a03ea2defec1b1b597744606
Leprosy
Leprosy# QUERY214cd2321c95ea67b31cb120edc5fe86
Leprosy# QUERY1d9cfad7b95f94a244a09244f083bed8
Pogrom
Pogrom# QUERYd478202fc7e8b7b8ef66a145ac49cef0
Pogrom# QUERY9c5140e6f3352db5ef9765efd7e49da3
Treatment
Treatment# QUERY7fea4a2f34d26e4e7d7910e073d2c967
Water poisoning
Water poisoning# QUERYcaf6513a414966eb208195d5b9fd4c94
Water poisoning# QUERY737800a871b8242f007ffa6fed25f5d1
Harvest
Harvest# QUERY55ac7add6cf85be38f04662f519988aa
Inflation
Inflation# QUERY9c81b08a0f927ffc78e04178ab3f566d
Inflation# QUERYe1545426d378f22ea098bcfe1d4231dd
Price
Price# QUERY6c1fffd79d4dd9cb18709a2a42f47764
Trinity
Trinity# QUERY8aec3d8ef2c33ee11c25c5064e022f31
Healing
Army# QUERY3a374f56e5c91a88a5f8fdaaf894715b
Army# QUERY2ada2bf08b5e89e7bb0447ac8772048c
Throat disease
Throat disease# QUERY0a9fe76d3a7bba7f03fcd7fac2f58109
Severe winter
Severe winter# QUERYabf3c8d1fff67482eb57836e6f35e06b
Severe winter# QUERY923f2b45cef6e003537015d00b60b879
Cemetery
Cemetery# QUERY42c73a624975d894b7a9b202c953df5c
Cemetery# QUERY385c22c970d523a6a46aaead24a2dfba
Doctors
Doctors# QUERY56bc5a1e32ade783b0cbab3a8f28ccf0
Doctors# QUERYe22d2e9e1c6880e4bc4c6a8c45acf6ed
Great chronological distance
Great chronological distance# QUERYbbb348e87780399f87c26b7471a63ff7
Great chronological distance# QUERY0db80946136995c5a5f1ad6ac8b6df83
Graveyard
Graveyard# QUERY5c4710c487ecf41a448beda6d9c45bf5
Graveyard# QUERYb938f0e1eaa276c5a69c42613209324a
River
Men# QUERY6e4a66a7e70ae8df6c645550b3f7a02b
Men# QUERYf5e2cbf64829161c90ece8bf5daf2b29
Women
Women# QUERYd30c974af0249aa7bd6ffdeaaa963c31
Astrology
Astrology# QUERYa7b42d50b707b59b29046ebddaebcb48
Panic
Panic# QUERYed84f1aabec1c549ca95a14eccfbd6bd
Panic# QUERYcb419e6a151efe72e9e40cf7141262ab
Aula Regia
Aula Regia# QUERY17d5b75aa2b462bb39fca52650d12b1a
Heretics
Heretics# QUERYb86d7af8a7b035034fac8a6106dc14fe
Heretics# QUERYb0eda9b7c607e477866f95ae465f454c
Common people
Common people# QUERYb5ac5ac3edbfe0826e8d43ce4cd234b2
Common people# QUERY17cf4e417f7b925faf4bd0597bce769d
Elites
Elites# QUERY1fff67048b8fde6615cb3c2ed6950b96
Elites# QUERYac64d84f7ad5c8e580fbccfc05c3f165
Funeral
Funeral# QUERYe9f01c97e4f7daf2183c571b5a84b1c7
Funeral# QUERY78e2b262886c73ff51cbdc26adaf3fc0
Poor people
Poor people# QUERYc190b1766251ee47f14db4327ab77b61
Poor people# QUERYe57e3e59247e33f6efe6e924c0ce7d58
Prayers
Prayers# QUERYbcce7aab50b4416a26a4bbcc3146aff4
Religious minorities
Religious minorities# QUERY152e9380f31542f35d7f1052c0408cb8
Religious minorities# QUERY36b1fab83e30aecbfce738650f1e5b93
Taxes
Taxes# QUERY3bbf71c54f19128d0aa083d5c115bbb1
Sandwinter
Sandwinter# QUERYc8b408d313f1bb423ffc3efc913fe447
Sandwinter# QUERY02629a66f878bb44ee0b55689b82c3ab
Children
Children# QUERYeb644e542b3be3c0514d17485fc78e2c
Children# QUERYc102136749bfeca3e7b56aa845498cef
Quarantine
Quarantine# QUERY346da52e3f7118b111f70515f3558b1c
Quarantine# QUERY872ab457432739cc83821e9f845a5bc4
Business
Business# QUERY9360f6e3d1f14db2548a792bf9fba1fd
Business# QUERYb915b4dfa8001eaae7b21383c3cb3ef6
Debts
Debts# QUERY2041550bdbe3ffa0a542e99df29fdb2f
Crusade
Crusade# QUERYa0a0dd3ca62db24f81ab1f173cf3c9c1
Sultan
Sultan# QUERYd5410d934b33efda0de2268d585c1dce
Sugar
Sugar# QUERY72e54ffce4cb188a8b6d6dba105af6f9
Cough
Cough# QUERY5c7d6dc100435e9d9f3cc771a7aa0022
Influenza
Influenza# QUERYaa9c8d07d57b4e9f199ea396efb585e5
Influenza# QUERY417e02963869a5c5fd8772b16fcaa5aa
Headache
Headache# QUERY8a0ad29111ba11d7f566be9987549c4f
Headache# QUERYebc928a55d7dd34e5ee193864bae737f
Dearth
Dearth# QUERYf2a210103c0ea3891d1f2788aa75af2d
Altar
Diplomatarium
Diplomatarium# QUERY7444470389456a374e118b960d4aed4d
Diplomatarium# QUERY8f913f7afd1863b3c5e0c7f87a1becd2
Property transaction
Property transaction# QUERY2cc6bae90befd27da22b11a040535d75
Property transaction# QUERY6c4e60837fdd1bfc58f8b41e6db23e1a
Blood spitting
Blood spitting# QUERY031a10979b3bb04e6abffef1bd201f11
Blood spitting# QUERY88da3c39f304d90827252728be0c2d2e
Dietetics
Dietetics# QUERY8b4cecb7ccc7a5ea3bfc58c594a4bf3b
Dietetics# QUERYcde6d0c8d9e617e008b34d482040d8bb
Migration
Migration# QUERY61bc5ac630145e02aa53ed570baffedf
Migration# QUERY6ec3401218694bf8da536ea39d3eaef5
Shortage
Shortage# QUERY09603df7bbf847e3bd7011a26275ae03
Shortage# QUERY8da9efa58d6280a8c47febc9995bd99e
Theriak
Theriak# QUERYc2c36cb74edf50b82c25adcefa6af438
Magic
Magic# QUERY161a9a9ba30e7b06fcf9eeb6518e859b
Magic# QUERYaecaa667483cf9eb8fddef6aaa2ec30a
Cultural History
Cultural History# QUERYff3fa5512f4e632e9625622756067e63
Cultural History# QUERY10beb80333e35578c0a6d96e9a5071ad
Economy
Economy# QUERYf5b18cd6dc3f4c827d3a825c7f34743f
Crops
Desertion
Whitsun
Whitsun# QUERY2f7145fb0fa08bd82d3b76942d0102da
Whitsun# QUERYfbaf00b3d67946c8a936c36c8834e5d2
Class
Class# QUERY2ca13e43746d595ac4c065b2c29ec2a2
Class# QUERYe8f92cb20a094929bb9ff084099ea6ef
Conjunction
Conjunction# QUERY6584df4d69b0201ab84cfc97bab3a46a
Conjunction# QUERYf156208e8db41ba55980735046d8e64f
Divine Judgement
Divine Judgement# QUERYc555e1c19e7d25d2caa1f0319402e173
Divine Judgement# QUERYc011da6799fb5883d027af33fbeb8512
Holy Scripture
Holy Scripture# QUERY4fc14b622fd4cd185df1abdc959fbac3
Holy Scripture# QUERYd40169cc3b3a90d52714e2b521e353ce
Inundation
Inundation# QUERYd73ed1faebcc9ca2247bac6d0004793e
Inundation# QUERY7492f7d1183fe6e66c6be96806b8bdbb
Remedy
Remedy# QUERYe8ce95c720309a1ae6202334ff30fd84
Swelling
Swelling# QUERY167e96e9ff6e5f2967e63ccb7699c335
Swelling# QUERY60e5ac416845cfa7e30e2ad398960415
Transmission route
Transmission route# QUERY6e666459647251bc6fc4af5c196c8ffe
Transmission route# QUERY12855ca1fbbc39484a3c13fdc097c9be
Wells
Wells# QUERY663bf5e5acdfc1b4db12fbdd94d7a820
Fruit
Fruit# QUERYad3824aa63d0c2059ca605f3f3ffce4d
Fruit# QUERYb9f14a1f02b50bb6b3cd13f1e67b7372
Processions
Processions# QUERY2a558de79c0529671de4956e43e88f41
Processions# QUERYd7a3fe1a3caf89b1afd9d9405139823c
Refugees
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Refugees# QUERY63d028a2deff1958842e4097dcb534b5
Inscription
Inscription# QUERY4e0aa678adb03db826749ad0a30cc41f
Inscription# QUERY7885d3ba78478417cd6762592a4aaee7
Rural exodus
Rural exodus# QUERYcff76596e95100316ff2c1f31ea1d661
Rural exodus# QUERY74728ca952f5c92c4848e9dfba71a2d4
C/1240 B1
Celebrations
Celebrations# QUERY12d922c3f20d38fc4c21afad3f1ca940
Celebrations# QUERYe23875cd03deeff035d492d6cd3b7d07
Poisoning
Poisoning# QUERY21f8c878f8fe9bf0cc4cad8a35f8b0eb
Poisoning# QUERYa136a48ae60a9acea250d6f901e31c53
Sex# QUERYb9a5db920f1640a3ac1f1e6bf88f655d
Testaments
Testaments# QUERY62cfb95a61a2a9ab45ca83e9c0f75511
Testaments# QUERYf98e757621cfb89abaddaf2498ced938
Adolescents
Adolescents# QUERY96d2d15c9ddd01bf5ebad6b87a112765
Adolescents# QUERYf2fed18693b09f9383470dcf90996a13
Epidemic among the cattle
Epidemic among the cattle# QUERY9f0752a614f4b6b6acc21119425f7238
Epidemic among the cattle# QUERYdea6878dc2b2886c28189c03ca08ca34
Severe Winter# QUERYeacf2b89ac6da22153d0e86c309afead
Severe Winter# QUERY9c2129223062876cf3d21cbe42d95430
Flói# QUERYa13807bc46f3f7c815fd991a0f80babe
Miracle
Miracle# QUERYa2b0cef7ef4575cafbb6b28ae02c7b7b
Miracle# QUERY4875565223fd2b6c5cb33dcc2669e5e3
Indulgence
Indulgence# QUERY7921ad741cf044433f0d09a66e0a0e50
Indulgence# QUERY57a44904d9d46f542fff2d7c97ee043e
Priests
Priests# QUERYd3894ca63b4e4982cbd9dad025581fac
Rich# QUERYe3dcd01021bb25306ea0d6de9cea7985
Bosse
Judement Day
Judement Day# QUERY212f980abf7b2dad961752d132664289
Judement Day# QUERYb14bef9b6ce59cd9f820aae423140f8a
Omen# QUERY469f5362b3def41e7ab6c4bd843e6d22
Omen# QUERY856a7fbb274abadd55643bc03dc3bbd4
Sins# QUERYa7c2bd70aec5dca3aaaeaabc217d486e
Antichrist
Antichrist# QUERYdd46320fb01104d9c5a4e05ee795b68a
Antichrist# QUERY9420ba1cc23223e5e4db1114cf9baa13
Dancing mania
Dancing mania# QUERY3481d98c49cbf665fbf25dabb0dc46c4
Dancing mania# QUERYbbc9662a7af6a559f134f3290748babf
Heresy
Heresy# QUERYede266451e808775d2feb8a428c63bc2
Heresy# QUERYeef274cd6ab254e5b3907effc034ae92
Relics
Relics# QUERYcf1bf1434be03b2e2cb9f403740c13f6
Rivalry
Faluvold
Faluvold# QUERYa025e8b7b931da322c81604d183afdec
Burials
Burials# QUERY9c30845f3ab2d2c4c3e4325df816fd32
Flood
Flood# QUERYc7c47fba3db15d1ec3ce5fb209ad0eb2
Memorial verse
Memorial verse# QUERYa5785b53c9307186546a4df4b8c7bc60
Solar eclipse
Solar eclipse# QUERY24fb736c58a94a5a52e32b643058b730
Solar eclipse# QUERY51a86aa5f2856402b0c38c413d1ea12d
Wax# QUERYf92742fd37bd0ec2f9756ce0f97fbbd1
Wax# QUERY89cf0ea65c0445d602ee7b7bfac84d92
Mass# QUERY04fb1ceb4d1a299fd85cf8e82278d136
Death rate
Death rate# QUERY294ed3fb12e4c8fa776f3c6d07863b1b
Death rate# QUERYc794e0baa8b60140d359b10f579b6e8a
Cartulary
Cartulary# QUERY28391622a2bc830be3b5752cb84c1aad
Cartulary# QUERYfb4d8d493a4fafbafabe790ff02c5599
Conspiracy
Conspiracy# QUERY56ca9d882b5d31e58d77b1ba66e523ff
Conspiracy# QUERY0406beedac84270be0d2bd1f56f4f139
Astrometeorology
Astrometeorology# QUERYf954713cf64c2b9bb416ca7a275d9e36
Astrometeorology# QUERYe27ee3d964aa17bc2cb1c59c7c0ea81e
Lunar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse# QUERYde8fb268eda74ce197aa657493786094
Lunar Eclipse# QUERY4aba61bba0bf596c3cebb898236c5c60
Charter
Charter# QUERY195ac5d7525be8bc18ac35cbbaeeb8ba
Charter# QUERY384b861b0e2f79db0d8eec1d56f80228
Solstice
Solstice# QUERY9c7509dbc800cbc8db318bffc83cc206
Solstice# QUERYf7254f5f189186fa0fd9ba882cbc2235
Bell# QUERYdb6a7bd3f29749efcd15c63db2cdfadc
Sermon
Bishops
Bishops# QUERYbaf59451c15fca13d7331031ad32a139
Bishops# QUERY72187a47b67fdfa2f8a36754d3c41b0a
Englishmen
Englishmen# QUERY9064da47fffbca0447d13a4a819ae12f
Last will
Last will# QUERY38ce616bdc79a6acc29b907b712d6b38
Last will# QUERYca1514d71c226168446fb453652cfe0f
Quasimodogeniti
Quasimodogeniti# QUERYcc6872ac0a0d65224520281cc09c2117
Quasimodogeniti# QUERYe13d85531bec6c4367c86f2e663660c9
Summer synode
Summer synode# QUERYc53c2b53012ffe9b2741bdcf6e81ed52
Summer synode# QUERY7364b9bc829a90a7b208aaa13670659f
Papal letter
Papal letter# QUERYfa296c83be1ab7bdf789c8618e987c0e
Papal letter# QUERY7f4eaa9923d3fb5e2bddce44be59edbe
Alms# QUERYd8b0e67c256e37a5f9e2a2c39ee12e9b
Church
Church# QUERYc9debed8a3739f4bc38532967e9888b9
Church# QUERY9583bd12c53538cb9e8fed69cc6c32fe
Confession
Confession# QUERY7d26a1595758ea8cb5b0d7a8a3505370
Offering
Offering# QUERY1a2907b4a8ba27279c49c1b68cc6fc0b
Offering# QUERYa3a6fd25dff42f8ca1d8519f78efe10f
Financial support
Financial support# QUERYb24e97e6554526bc71c192b37deb1b43
Financial support# QUERYbd3a9abad1d6edc9d92adbf86575e295
Memoria
Memoria# QUERYaa539e1b4d9935fa937c70bb484a4fcf
Schra
Social support
Social support# QUERYc40225c6f942a6de6d8ac501877d61ba
Social support# QUERYe798f75576c72563b762baa1e94f5c9d
Władysław I Łokietek
Władysław I Łokietek# QUERY0cce400e144c7cf1d6511da4d134e8ea
Władysław I Łokietek# QUERY4609f4c0f0d57e4eada1da5b40604ab2
Persecutions
Persecutions# QUERY16b687e4adb8a4fe5b0f7a0e3baf92d5
Persecutions# QUERYbcd0f8431e32eda87d756f42c5dd4fbe
Sin# QUERYdbf20db951be8bdc44776fb87bbce71b
Sin# QUERYaf2805d41d182222abe2c2cae3ae9c2f
Sea# QUERYea763f6f1aa67f0e68887e836bccb6a0
Sea# QUERY0612844eab0f7a9525dc8b8fb178aa0a
Prophecy
Prophecy# QUERY2be4b65c692880a22f40647382d6bc2c
Prophecy# QUERYe2142082d16363673fab65a56dc4c31d
Lords of Meygelon
Lords of Meygelon# QUERY6265d1901324dba5f89c5fd088c235c3
Lords of Meygelon# QUERY0d2d2f782216d68b4efd5862bbf7df39
Peasants
Peasants# QUERY9fc1453c5da58f585fa0bd67b1928d98
Poverty
Usury
Usury# QUERY8b3b76043fe9ec4337b8634b8e7eabd2
Virgins
Shortages
Shortages# QUERY443162f6288ebfa6d41070dc989a289c
Shortages# QUERYf21ffc8428ac8e0ef42414476e94eff9
Donation
Donation# QUERYab7f1bc1068628e976ae8fee5eda95c1
Donation# QUERY451a51883f811b0a5e9ec647b2ca9438
Description
Description# QUERY9a4f10d10a36cbb80c523a67cc586d86
Description# QUERYbc3718e5d73c00c64e1b769f5d677188
Divine Wrath
Divine Wrath# QUERYb5ee060b4fc3854fd1f2bea99eb466a9
Divine Wrath# QUERY731b052f5a593e8ee786418685da88f2
Grapes
Grapes# QUERYcfcae97b43c3873ac72e4876775f9bf0
Grapes# QUERY0e2af780a8ce7b35c03ad8d6a91795c5
Rheumatism
Rheumatism# QUERY1cabc6be9b3db37a88040a4b02322842
Rheumatism# QUERYc978823875eb568305e070e47f2dfcb0
Hadith recitations
Hadith recitations# QUERY394469addd8487b9fd64fc81da881904
Hadith recitations# QUERY0d21946cf0bcbf66008f626110bcfd63
Quran recitations
Quran recitations# QUERYb52acb245de05629659141156402e6ac
Quran recitations# QUERY64d8985d4bfcf6e4dd699fb4d94d8126
Entrails
Prague Archbishopric
Prague Archbishopric# QUERY72b6069c3dee274d025f236908816a17
Prague Archbishopric# QUERY72e360334263a81dff62a2a299f10d5b
Korkota
Korkota# QUERY32189dadd8d97f5e1cdb3a7822cac7be
Auctoritate Papae
Auctoritate Papae# QUERYa0cbad13ff5cfe1b148c6d608c6bf95b
Auctoritate Papae# QUERY68e4da99847b9043ebe91ae1f79f61d6
Penitential
Penitential# QUERY35a161ef7a988aacd2e64110d884be10
Penitential# QUERYc05dc4f4c274a1583ae17a69f9c9df34
Ciompi
Ciompi# QUERY572e895f789ca4adae6acad57560b70f
Euthanasia
Euthanasia# QUERY897f244a4928ee8ed655005bae4a888b
Seasickness
Seasickness# QUERYd070443d9a4a486497c89e02c7a34edc
Seasickness# QUERY546a94f5c69eeecd3fd67e1093deb3c1
University
University# QUERY3353aba96212879ca747f662bc1f5f09
University# QUERY5f77160bc6cdb4730f7771b14073016a
Repentance
Repentance# QUERY260b9f6cad65da8e9a00f68ce9476697
Repentance# QUERY6a72bd74399273db279e540c6ee36e6c
Apocalypse
Apocalypse# QUERYccf0b771c3a755a2d8d62036b0bf0c09
Apocalypse# QUERY3b9de8cbd6cf08247de8c99658d6c232
Apparent deaths
Apparent deaths# QUERY8993b6026a537441cfd53183d0e67590
Apparent deaths# QUERY30b1f5255f365a00c25595778fe2c137
Imprisonment
Imprisonment# QUERY19a60ab0863452b90833216ca34f84d6
Imprisonment# QUERY16c588ec73290dc63fba72e5edebffa6
Pice hike
Pice hike# QUERY6034aea7d1bd1a32c7cbb26e4fa5f774
Pice hike# QUERYd77f6c7cbfe3c0e9eac00e1c823edd73
Massgraves
Massgraves# QUERY684c73b9b1180f0df9a99c9ff36b219f
Massgraves# QUERY5a32ead3044c9302e28261e12b62516a
Settlement
Settlement# QUERY1464f439c9ba3ad63da2953173729dde
Settlement# QUERYa9a726884cf332f3a05a8023bfb7e22b