Timeline 13th Century
This time line contains all 13th Century events in chronological order:
Events 13th Century
Date | Summary | T |
1200 | A cattle mortality breaks out in the Holy Roman Empire. | Inaudita mortalitas boum per totum imperium. [1] | Unheard mortality of the cattle all across the Empire. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1203 | Horse sickness in Novgorod and the sorrounding area | (6711) Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов. [2] | In that year, because of our sins, they fell horses in Novgorod and in the villages, until it was impossible to go anywhere because of the stench (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1203 | Horse sickness in Novgorod the Great | Тогo же лѣтa [6712], по грѣхомъ нашимъ, изoмроша конѣ в Новѣгородѣ и по селомъ, яко нѣлзѣ бяше поити смрады никуда же. [3] | The same year [6712] for our sins all the horses died in Novgorod and in the villages so that it was not possible to go anywhere for the stench. [4] |
1203 | Horse sickness in Novgorod and the sorrounding area | (6711) Томь же лѣтѣ, по грѣхомъ нашимъ, измроша кони Новѣгородѣ и по селомъ, яко нѣлзѣ бяше поити смрада никуда же Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов [5] | In that year, because of our sins, they fell horses in Novgorod and in the villages, until it was impossible to go anywhere becouse of the stench (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1204 | High mortality and disease among cattles and pigs | Et fuit maxima mortalitas et pestilentia bovum et porcorum [6] | And there was the greatest mortality and plague among cattle and pigs (Translation needed) |
1205 | A mortality among sheeps breaks out in the Holy Roman Empire. | Mortalitas ovium per totum imperium. [7] | Mortality of sheeps all across the Empire. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1216, November 28 | In a letter a lethal disease in Egypt is mentioned, dated November 28, 1216. | אלמהדב אלמתסוק מן מצר... |
In a letter that has survived as a fragment, a member of one of Egypt’s Jewish communities informs the addressee that a lethal disease (Arab. amrāḍ, Hebr. negef, dever) has affected an unnamed place in Egypt. The letter is dated November 28, 1216 (Kislev 16, 1528 Seleucid era). (Translation: Undine Ott) |
1217, March | The fragment of a letter mentions a great epidemic (al-wabāʾ al-ʿaẓīm) which has struck the different parts of Cairo and has affected the physician and head of the Jews in Egypt (nagid), Avraham Maimonides (d. 1237), and his daughter. The fragment bears no date, but see here. | recto: ואמא חאלנא פאן אלמולי אלרייס הנגיד יג יק[ |
As to us, our lord, the Rayyis, the Nagid [may his] gl[ory be] in[creased], the chief [Rav] is seriously ill, may God heal him, and so is his daughter; he is unable to treat her, and confined to his bed; throughout the week he could not get up, neither at night, nor at daytime, which caused him great grief; may God grant him health. Yesterday, I received a note from his father-in-law, our master, Hananel, the chief justice, may his high position endure, saying: "These days are like the Last Judgment; everyone is occupied only with himself."
We strive to save ourselves from the great plague. In Miṣr [Fustat] and Cairo, there is no house belonging to important persons and, in fact, to anyone else, where not one or several persons are ill. People are in great trouble, occupied with themselves and unable to care for others, let alone for strangers. [10] |
1217, March | A letter mentions that a disease raged in Cairo, dated on March 17, 1217. | לקד כאן קלובנא ועיוננא [11]
מתטלעה אלי אללה סובחאנה ותעאלי |
A letter to Avraham Maimonides (d. 1237), the head of the Jews in Egypt (nagid), in Cairo, written by the teacher, cantor, and clerk Yehuda b. al-ʿAmmānī in Alexandria. Yehuda mentions that the Jewish community in Alexandria had been fasting and supplicating on behalf of the addressee's health and for God to lift the disease (Hebr. dever) that raged in Cairo and had afflicted Avraham, too. The letter is dated to the end of Adar 1528 Seleucid era (the month ended on March 17, 1217). (Translation: Undine Ott) |
1224 VN: 24 |
Epidemic and price increase in Bologna | Fu gran carestia, e moria à quest' Anno; il formento valeva lire 3., la Farina soldi 44, il Ducato valeva soldi 30; e facendosi lemosina nel Vescovato il Giovedì Santo la Stretta delli Poveri si affogornon 24. Persone. [12] | There was great famine and starvation in this year; wheat was worth 3 lire, flour 44 lire, the Ducato was worth 30 lire; and there was a famine in the Bishop's Palace on Holy Thursday, and the Stretta dell'Poveri was starved 24 people. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1224 | Famine and plague/pest in the Rus territory. Upraising of magicians in Suzdal’ city. | [6532] В се же лѣто въсташа волъсви в Суждали, избиваху старую чадь къ дьӕволю наоущенью и бѣсованью, глаголюще, ӕко си держать гобино. Бѣ мѧтежь великъ и голодъ по всеи тои странѣ; идоша по Волзѣ вси людьє в Болгары, и привезоша [жито] и тако ѡжиша. Слъıшав же Ӕрославъ волхвы, приде Суздалю; изъимавъ волхвы, расточи, а другъıми показани, рекъ сице «Богъ наводить по грѣхомъ на куюждо землю гладом(ъ) или моромъ, ли ведромь, ли иною казнью, а человѣкъ не вѣсть ничтоже».[13] | In this year (1224), magicians appeared in Suzdal', and killed old people by satanic inspiration and devil worship, saying that they would spoil the harvest. There was great confusion and famine throughout all that country. The whole population went along the Volga to the Bulgars from whom they bought grain and thus sustained themselves. When Yaroslav heard of the magicians, he went to Suzdal'. He there seized upon the magicians and dispersed them, but punished some, saying, "In proportion to its sin, God inflicts upon every land hunger, pest[14], drought, or some other chastisement, and man has no understanding thereof".[15] |
1224 | Massive death of birds due to carbon monoxide poisoning caused by forest and peat fires. | Toгo жe лѣтa [6732] бѣ вeдpo вeлми, и мнoзи бopeвe и бoлoтa зaгapaxyтьcя, a дымoвe cилнiя бяxy тoгдa, якo нe видѣти чeлoвѣкoмъ; бѣ бo якo мглa къ зeмли пpилeглa, якo птицaмъ пo aepy и нe бѣ лзѣ лѣтaти, нo пaдaxy нa зeмлю и yмиpaxy. [16] | There was great heat that year [6732] and many of the forests and mudflats burst into flames, and the smoke was heavy, unlike anything people had seen at that time. They were like fog that clung to the earth, so that the birds could not fly in the air, but fell to the ground and died. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1223, Winter – 1225 | Great mortality among livestock and animals. | Ein sterbotte. Do men zalte 1223 jor, do was ein gros sterbotte under vihe und den tieren und nüt under den lüten, und das werte 3 jor, also daz mereteil under dem vihe starp. [17] |
A dying. In the year 1223, a great mortality occured among livestock, animals, but not among people, and this lasted for 3 year. The majority of the livestock died. (Translation: Moritz Uebelhack) |
1225 | Disease in animals and humans in Bologna | Quest' anno fu grande mortalità de homeni, e bestie nell' città e contà de bologna [18] | This year was great mortality of humans, and beasts in the city and contà de Bologna. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1225 | Disease in animals and humans in Bologna | Tanta eodem tempore et in agro Bononiensi et urbe contagio pestilentiae fuit ut vix credibilia memoratu videantur quae de hominum pecorumque internectorum numero scriptores providere [19] | (Translation needed) |
1225 | Cattle disease and (human?) epidemic in Bologna | 1225. Fù oltre la peste d' Italia una [f. 12r] gran mortalità di Buovi [20] | Besides the plague of Italy, there was a great mortality of Cattle. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1225 | Great mortality of cattle. | Fuit maxima mortalitas in bobus et talis quod, ubi fuit, modici boves ibi remanserunt [21] | There was a great mortality among cattle, such that where it occurred, only a few cattle remained. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1225 | Animal disease and Epidemic in Trient | Ci fu una pestilenza di animali e una feroce mortalità di uomini. [22] | There was a plague of animals and a fierce mortality of men. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1227 | Famine, price increase and high mortality in Bologna | Magna fames fuit in civitate Bononiae et per diversas partes et valuit corba frumenti tres libras et fabarum xlviij soldos, speltae soldos xxxiiij et melegae xxviij soldos [...] Fuit magna mortalitas tam in divitibus, quam in pauperibus personis [23] | There was a great famine in the city of Bologna and in different areas and wheat was 3 pound and fabarum 48 Solidi, speltae 34 Solidi and melegae 33 Solidi. [...] Because of a great mortality a lot of poor people died. (Translation needed) |
1227 | Famine, epidemic and price increase in Bologna; Contado hit even worse; deserted village; Bishop's alms end in mass panic with deaths | In questo anno vi fu una gran carestia in Bologna, come ancora da crudelissima peste, in maniera che molti dei nobili nella città morirono, ma nel contado infiniti perirono; percioche le Castella entire andarono in esterminio [...] in questa penuria in Bologna valse lo staio dell' grano tre lire, la fava soldi vintiotto, la spelta soldi quatordici, et la mollidura soldi quindici, et il duccato d'oro si spendeva per soldi [1]30. Il che mosse il Vescovo della Città il Giovedi Santo a invitare tutti i puoveri a pigliare per carità il pane dove concorse tanta multitudine che ventiquattro per la folta turba morirono: perche ciaschun bramava d'essere il primo, essendo dalla fame. [24] | In this year there was a great famine in Bologna, as there was also a cruel plague, so that many of the nobles in the city died, but countless perished in the countryside; therefore the entire Castella went into extermination [...] in this scarcity in Bologna, the staio dell' grano was worth three lire, the fava bean was worth eight hundred soldi, the spelt fourteen soldi, and the mollidura fifteen soldi, and the dukedom of gold was spent for money 130. This moved the Bishop of the City on Holy Thursday to invite all the people to take bread for charity, where so great a multitude gathered that twenty-four died because of the large crowd: because each one yearned to be the first, being from hunger. (Translation: DeepL) |
1227 VN: 20 |
Famine, price increase and high mortality in Bologna. | Per Bologna et per tutta Italia quest' anno fu grande carestia, et valeva la corba del formento lire tre, intravene che la giobia santa facendosi l'ellemosian al vescovado, gli fu tanta la calcha che gli ne mor circa 20. E fu grande mortalità quest' anno per la cita e morireno molti gentilhomini. [25] | For Bologna and all of Italy, this year was a great famine, and the forage was worth three lire, when the holy jewel was made to the bishopric, there was so much heat that about 20 died. And it was a great mortality this year for the citation and many gentlemen died. |
1227 | Epizootic in 1227 in western Iceland | Þessi vetr var kallaðr sandvetr, ok var fellivetr mikill ok dó hundrað nauta fyrir Snorra Sturlusyni út í Svignaskarði. [26] | That winter was called sandwinter, and it was a very hard winter when hundred of Snorri Sturluson's cattle died out in Svignaskarð. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1227, Winter | High mortality in Iceland in 1227 as consequence of a "sandwinter", here possibly referring to eruptions in the Reykjanes volcanic system recorded in the Icelandic annals for 1226. | Sandvetr. […] Manndauðr mikill. [27] | Sandwinter. […] High Mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1229 | Epidemic and price increase in Bologna | e fo una grande carastia valse la grano L 3 la coraba, la fava L. 2 ß 8, la spelta L 1 ß 14 e la melega valse ß 28. Nel dito ano fu una grandi moria impur asai paesi [28] | (Translation needed) |
1230 | Epidemic in Árpád forces. The unsuccessful seizure of Halych by Andrew II. The chronicler described the campaign, especially emphasizing “the Pharaoh’s plagues” that struck the Árpád forces. | Ѡт[ъ]тѫдоу ж[е] поиде корол[ь] к Василевоу, и переиде Днѣстръ, и поиде къ Проутоу. Б[ог]ъ бо попүстил[ъ] бѧше на нѣ раноу, и агг[е]лъ б[ь]ѧше их[ъ], сице оумирающим[ъ], инїи же ис пѡдошевь выстоупахѫ, акы из чер[ь]вїа, инїи же в конѣ влѣз[ъ]ше измирахѫ, инїи же около ѡгнѧ слѣз[ъ]шесѧ и мѧсо къ оустѡм[ъ] придѣв[ъ]ше, оумирахү. Мнѡгыми же ранами различными оумирахү, хлѧби бѡ н[е]б[е]с[ь]ныа одинако топѧхѫ их[ъ]. [29] | From [Halych] the king went to Vasilev, crossed the Dniester, and headed toward the Prut. But the Lord sent a plague [upon the Hungarians] and His angel struck them down. And thus they perished: some shed their skin as they would their shoes, some found their way into the midst of a herd of horses and perished there, while still others died as they gathered around a fire and were raising a piece of meat to their lips. They died of many different afflictions while heavenly torrents inundated them without discrimination. [30] |
1230 | Severe plague and epizootic. The epidemics are announced by a solar eclipse | Eclipsis solis et pestilentia hominum et iumentorum magna fuit. [31] | Solar eclipse and a great pestilence among men and animals. (Translation: Carina Damm). |
1230 | Epidemic of famine in Novgorod. | Того же лѣта [6738] бы(с)[ть] моръ в Новѣгородѣ ѡт глада. Инїи лю(ди) рѣзахү своєго брата и ӕдѧхү, а инїи м[е]ртвоє трүпьє ӕдѧхү, а дрүзїи конїнү, и псинү, и кошки, инїи мохъ соснү, и листъ илемъ. И то все зло бы(с)[ть] за грѣхы наша. И бѣ тог(д)а нїкомү никого погрести мертвы(х)[ъ] ѡт множества. [32] | That year [1230] there was an epidemic in Novgorod from famine. Some people killed their brothers and ate, and others ate the dead bodies, and others ate horses, and dogs, and cats, and others moss, and wych elm [33] leaves. All this was for our sins. Because of the number of the dead, there was then no one to bury the dead. (Translation: Adrian Jusupovic) |
1230 – 1232 VN: 32,000 |
Epidemic in Smolensk (Mass graves mentioned). | Того же лѣта [6738] бы(с)[ть] моръ въ Смоленьсцѣ. Створша д҃ скүделнїци, въ двү положиша ҂s҃ı, а въ третьєи ҂з҃, а въ четвертои .҂ѳ҃. Се же зло бы(с)[ть] по два лѣта. [34] | That year 1230 there was an epidemic in Smolensk. Four mass graves[35] were created. 16,000 were buried in two, 7,000 in the third and 9,000 [bodies] in the fourth. This evil lasted for two years. (Translation: Adrian Jusupovic) |
1230 – 1231 VN: 32 000 |
A two-year heavy plague in Smolensk. | Toго же лѣта [6738] бысть мopъ силeн въ Cмоленсцѣ, cтворища 4 cкуделници и положища в дву16 тысящь, a въ третьеи 7000, a въ четвертои 9000. Ce же было по два лѣта. [36] | This year 1230 there was a heavy plague in Smolensk. They made four mass graves and placed 16,000 in two, 7,000 in the third, and 9,000 in the fourth. This lasted for two years.[37] (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1230 – 1231 | Mass deaths of people caused by starvation | Toгo жe лѣтa [6738] бысть гладъ по всeи земли двѣ лѣтѣ, и помpe множecтвo люди. [38] | That year [1230] there was a famine throughout the land [which lasted] two years. And lots of people died. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1232 | Epidemic in Trient in northern Italy. | Ci fu una crudelissima peste. [39] | There was a cruel plague. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1230 – 1232 VN: 32,000 |
Epidemic in Smolensk (Mass graves mentioned). | Того же лѣта [6738] бы(с)[ть] моръ въ Смоленьсцѣ. Створша д҃ скүделнїци, въ двү положиша ҂s҃ı, а въ третьєи ҂з҃, а въ четвертои .҂ѳ҃. Се же зло бы(с)[ть] по два лѣта. [40] | That year 1230 there was an epidemic in Smolensk. Four mass graves[41] were created. 16,000 were buried in two, 7,000 in the third and 9,000 [bodies] in the fourth. This evil lasted for two years. (Translation: Adrian Jusupovic) |
1237 VN: 44 |
A mortality breaks out in the monastery of Saint-Denis, killing 44 monks. | Hoc anno fuit maxima mortalitas fratrum monachorum in ecclesia Beati Dionysii fere usque ad XLIV. [42] | In this year (1237) was a great mortality among brothers of the church of Saint-Denis affecting 44 monks. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1241 | In France a lot of people get an ophthalmic disease. | Et multi in illo anno patiebantur malum maximum in occulis eorum. [43] | In this year, lot of people suffered of the eyes. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1246, Winter | Winter of plague in Iceland in 1246 | Sótta vetr. [44] | Plague-winter (in Iceland). (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1246 | Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1246 | Sott mickil ok manndaudr. [45] | Great plague and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1247 | Epidemic with many deaths in Parma. | Item eodem tempore magna mortalitas fuit in civitate Parme, ita quod sepe et sepius quatuor et plures sepeliebantur ad unam ecclesiam. [46] | Also, at the same time (1247), there was a great mortality in the city of Parma, so that often and repeatedly four or more were buried at one church. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1247 | Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1247 | Sott mickil ok manndaudr. [47] | Great plague and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1247 | Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1247 | Sott mikill (!) ok manndauðr. [48] | Great plague (!) and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1248 | Illness of Hugo von Digne, probably part of an epidemic in Provence | De mora quam cum fratre Hugone contraxi. Ego vero et socius meus remansimus Areis cum fratre Hugone, a festo beati Francisci usque ad festum Omnium Sanctorum. Et gaudebam quia habebam occasionem standi cum fratre Hugone,
[p. 456] cum quo tota die de doctrina abbatis Ioachym erat sermocinatio mea. Habebat enim omnes libros abbatis Ioachym et erat maximus Ioachita et unus de maioribus clericis de mundo, sanctitate et scientia incomparabilis. Dolebam vero quod sotius meus graviter infirmabatur quasi ad mortem, et nolebat sibi cavere, et tempus navigandi propter hyemem in deterius mutabatur. Et contrata illa illo anno valde infirma erat propter ventum marinum, et vix poteram respirare de nocte, etiam morando sub divo; et audiebam lupos clamantes et ululantes de nocte in maxima quantitate, non semel neque bis. Et dixi socio meo, qui erat iuvenis valde protervus: «Tu non vis tibi cavere a contrariis et semper recidivas, ego vero cognosco contratam istam valde infirmam, et nollem adhuc mori, quia vellem videre illa que predicat frater Hugo. Quapropter noveris quod, si occurrerit de fratribus nostris societas congrua, ibo cum illis». Et dixit: «Placet quod dicis, veniam et ego tecum». Sperabat enim quod nullus veniret, qui frater esset. Et ecce, Domino faciente, statim venit frater Pontius quidam, sanctus homo, qui nobiscum steterat in conventu Aquensi et ibat Niciam, unde factus fuerat guardianus. Et gavisus est, quando vidit nos. Et dixi sibi: «Volumus venire vobiscum, quia Ianuam ire debemus ad habitandum». Et respondit et dixit: Multum placet michi. Vado ergo ad procurandum ut habeamus navem». In crastino autem post prandium ivimus ad navem, que distabat a loco fratrum per unum miliare. Socius autem meus nolebat venire, sed videns quod penitus recedebam, assumpto guardiano loci, venit post nos. Cumque porigerem sibi manum, ut elevarem eum ad navem intrandam, aborruit et ait: «Absit quod tu tangas me, quia non conservasti michi fidem et bonam societatem». Cui dixi: «Miser, cognosce bonitatem Dei erga te, oquia revelatum est michi a Domino quod, si stetisses ibi, absque dubio mortuus fuisses; et Sapiens in Eccle. VII dicit: Noli esse stultus, ne moriaris in tempore non tuo. Et de quibusdam dicitur in Iob XXII: Sublati sunt ante tempus suum, et fluvius(scilicet mortalitatis humane) subvertit fundamentum eorum». Quid plura? Non credebat iste michi quousque vexatiodedit auditui intellectum. Nam per totam hyemem in conventu Ianuensi ab illa [p. 457] infirmitate quam in Provincia contraxerat non potuit liberari; et in festo beati Mathie intravi mare et a Ianua usque ad locum fratris Hugonis in IIII diebus perveni; et sex fratres de illo loco inveni mortuos et sepultos; quorum primus fuit guardianus loci illius, qui socium meum ad navem associaverat; alter fuit frater Guillielmus de Pertuso, bonus predicator, qui in conventu Parmensi habitavit aliquando; et IIII alii quos nominare necesse non est. Cum autem in reversione mea ad Ianuensem conventum retulissem socio meo de morte istorum fratrum supradictorum, gratias referebat michi, quod eruissem eum de faucibus mortis. Convaluit tandem, et post multos annos ivit ad provinciam ultramarinam, eo anno quo rex Francie transfretavit secundo et Tunicium ivit; et fuit ibi custos et pro custode ad generale capitulum venit quod fuit Assisii celebratum, in quo frater Bonagratia factus fuit generalis minister, et declaratio regule ratribus data. [49] |
About the delay that I contracted with Brother Hugh. Indeed, my companion and I remained in Aries with Brother Hugh, from the feast of St. Francis until the feast of All Saints. And I was glad because I had the opportunity to stay with Brother Hugh," [p. 456] "with whom my entire day was spent discussing the teachings of Abbot Joachim. For he had all the books of Abbot Joachim and was a great Joachite and one of the most senior clerics in the world, incomparable in sanctity and knowledge. However, I was saddened because my companion fell gravely ill, almost to death, and he did not want to take care of himself, and the time for sailing worsened due to the winter. And the sea that year was very rough because of the marine wind, and I could barely breathe at night, even staying outdoors; and I heard wolves crying and howling at night in great numbers, not just once or twice. And I said to my companion, who was a very impetuous young man: 'You do not want to take care of yourself against the adversities, and you always relapse, but I know that the sea is very treacherous this year, and I do not wish to die yet, because I want to see what Brother Hugh preaches. Therefore, you should know that if a suitable opportunity arises among our brothers, I will go with them.' And he said, 'What you say pleases me, I will come with you.' For he hoped that no brother would come. And behold, by the grace of the Lord, Brother Pontius immediately arrived, a holy man, who had stayed with us in the convent of Aix and was going to Nice, where he had been appointed guardian. And he rejoiced when he saw us. And I said to him, 'We want to come with you, because we must go to Genoa to live there.' And he replied and said: 'I am very pleased. I will go then to arrange for us to have a ship.' On the next day after lunch, we went to the ship, which was one mile away from the place of the brothers. However, my companion did not want to come, but seeing that I was determined, he came after us, taking the guardian of the place with him. And when I reached out my hand to lift him onto the ship, he recoiled and said, 'God forbid that you touch me, for you did not keep faith with me and maintain a good companionship.' To which I said, 'Unfortunate one, recognize the goodness of God towards you, for it has been revealed to me by the Lord that if you had stayed there, undoubtedly you would have died; and the Wise One in Ecclesiastes 7 says: Do not be foolish, lest you die in your time. And it is said of some in Job 22: They were taken away before their time, and the river (namely, the river of human mortality) subverted their foundation.' Why more? This person did not believe me until vexation gave understanding to his hearing. For throughout the entire winter in the convent of Genoa, he could not be freed from the illness he had contracted in Provence; and on the feast of St. Matthias, I entered the sea, and from Genoa, I arrived at Brother Hugh's place in four days; and I found six brothers from that place dead and buried; the first of whom was the guardian of that place, who had accompanied my companion to the ship; the second was Brother William of Pertuso, a good preacher, who had once lived in the convent of Parma; and the other four need not be named. However, when I returned to the convent of Genoa and recounted to my companion the deaths of those aforementioned brothers, he thanked me for rescuing him from the jaws of death. He eventually recovered, and after many years, he went to the overseas province, in the year when the King of France crossed over for the second time and went to Tunis; and there he became the guardian and came as a guardian to the general chapter held at Assisi, where Brother Bonagratia was elected as the general minister, and the declaration of the rule was given to the brothers ((Translated with ChatGTP 3.5)) |
1248 | There was a great mortality in Parma. | Et mortalitas valida fuit [50] | And there was a strong mortality (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1248 | High mortality in Reggio | Et mortalitas magna hoc anno fuit; et mortuus est abbas Sancti Prosperii [Gerardus]. [51] | (Translation needed) |
1250 | Deaths among the French army in Egypt due to plague and famine | 1250 - Sed et prius pestilentia et inedia multi periere. Habuerunt enim caristiam et penuriam comestibilium rerum et victualium, nec talem dispositionem aeris habebant qualem in terra sua. [52] | (Translation needed) |
1250, February – 1250, April | The army of the Sixth Crusade under the leaderhsip of the French King suffers from an epidemic and dearth around Damiette. | Anno Domini MCCL captus est Lodoycus rex Francie, et maior pars exercitus Gallici qui cum rege transfretaverat a Saracenis
est interfecta. Sed et prius pestilentia et inedia multi periere. Habuerunt enim caristiam et penuriam comestibilium rerum et victualium, nec talem dispositionem aeris habebant qualem in terra sua [53] |
In the year of our Lord 1250, King Louis of France was captured, and the majority of the French army that had crossed over with the king was killed by the Saracens. But even before that, many perished due to pestilence and famine. They experienced a scarcity and shortage of foodstuffs and provisions, and they did not have the favorable climate conditions they were accustomed to in their own land (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1252, Winter | Famine in southern Iceland (Kirkjubær á Síðu) in 1252 due to a severe winter. | [...] er hallæri er mikit á komit því að nú er vetrarríki mikit ok er bæði illt til matar ok heyja. [54] | [... ] now there is a great famine, for the winter is now very severe, and there is a shortage of both food and hay. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1257, September – 1258, April VN: 400 |
In Miðfjörðr was a great mortality. | her segir fra mannfalle pui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j pessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. J Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn [55] | Here tells about the great man-death which was in Miðfjörðr, which began on the later feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week, and four hundred people died of sickness in these church districts: at Staðr, Gnúpi, Bakki, Mel, Hvamm and Hólar, and Tjörn (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | In summer high mortality in Italy. | Eo anno aestate fuit hominum magna mortalitas. [56] | In this year was a high mortality among humans. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1258 | Epidemic in Baghdad after the Mongol conquest of the city: A Mongol army under Hülegü Khan had captured Baghdad and killed the Abbasid caliph al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh [February 20, 1258]. Dead bodies were lying around everywhere, a bad smell developed in the city, the air changed. Many people died of the severe epidemic (wabāʾ) that followed the fighting. When the epidemic abated in Baghdad it traveled to Syria. | ' [57] | (Translation needed) |
1258 | Famine and plague in the Middle East. | ' | And in his time there was a very severe famine and a pestilence in all the land of SEN'AR, and 'ATHOR (Assyria), and BETH NAHRIN, and SYRIA and BETH RHOMAYE; for in DAMASCUS a young dove for a sick man was sold for twelve nasraye [58] |
1258 – 1318 VN: 800,000 |
Great mortality in Baghdad, which spreads due to the odor and contaminated water. | ' | It is said that there were more than 800,000 dead in Baghdad, not including the children thrown in the mud, those who perished in the canals, wells, and basements, and those who died of hunger and fear. Those that survived the killing were struck by an epidemic [wabaˉʾ] from breathing the odor of corpses and drinking contaminated water. The inhabitants frequently smelled onions because of the strong smell. The number of flies increased, filling the air; they would fall on food and spoil it. [59] |
1258 | Plague in Syria and Egypt. | ' | In this year (i.e. 1258), plague struck across Syria, the regions of Egypt, and the like […] A fever and cough occurred in Bilbeis such that not one person was spared from it, yet there was none of that in Cairo. Then after a day or two, something similar happened in Cairo. I was stationed in Giza at that time. I rode to Cairo and found that this condition was spreading across the people of Cairo, except a few. [60] |
1258, May 19 | Great mortality in Bohemia. | Anno domini 1258 XIV kalendas Junii eclipsis lune fuit et mortalitas maxima hominum fuit. [61] | In the year of the Lord 1258 on the 14th calendes of June there was an eclipse of the moon and there was the greatest mortality of humans. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1258, Spring VN: 400 |
Great mortality before Easter in Miðfjörður in northwestern Iceland in 1258 | her segir fra mannfalle þui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j þessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. j Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn. [62] | Here it is said that there was a great loss of life in Miðfjörður, which began on the last feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week; and 400 people died of plague in these church districts: at Staður, Gnúpá, Bakki, Mel, Hvammur and Hólar, and Tjörn. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1258 | Disease and mortality in Modena. | Eodem anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas ferre per totum orbem [63] | In the same year (1258), there was widespread illness and mortality throughout the entire world. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | In Prague frost and mortality among sheeps. | Hoc anno gelu laesit fructus arboreos et vineas, et mortalitas ovium fuit [64] | This year, frost damaged the fruit trees and vineyards, and there was a mortality among the sheep. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | A plague of livestock in Senones (Vosges). | Sed tamen pestilentia pecorum ipso anno finiente non finivit, sed per totum sequentem annum regiones plurimas bobus et vaccis [p. 334] penitus vacuavit. [65] | However, the pestilence of livestock did not end with the close of that year, but continued throughout the following year, utterly emptying many regions of oxen and cows. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, Autumn – 1259, March | Plague among sheeps in St. Albans. | et pecudes necuit pubescentes, ita ut ovium et agnorum pestis fieret generalis [66] | and killed the young livestock, resulting in a widespread pestilence among sheep and lambs. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | Around the time when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258). The former Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Nāṣir Dāwūd, died of the disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ [May 21, 1259], a village in the surroundings of Damascus. His cousin al-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the lord of Damascus, traveled to al-Buwayḍāʾ, transferred Dāwūd's body to al-Ṣāliḥiyya and buried it in the tomb of Dāwūd's father al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam. | ولحق الناس بالشام في تلك المدة طاعون مات فيه الناصر داود، وخرج الناصر يوسف صاحب دمشق إلى البويضاء، وأظهر عليه الحزن والتأسف، ونقله إلى الصالحية فدفنه بتربة والده المعظم [67] | In that period, a plague struck the Levant, in which Al-Nasser David died, and Al-Nasser Yusuf of Damascus went to Al-Buwayda, showed grief and sorrow for him, and transferred him to Salhiyah, where he was buried in the soil of his great father. (Translation: DeepL) |
1258 | Famine and plague raged in the East. | Cette année, la famine et une maladie dangereuse, désolerent toutes les contrées de l’Orient.[…] Cette meme année, une maladie pestilentielle fit, en Syrie, de grands ravages. Il mourait, à Alep, douze cents personnes par jour. Und grand nombre d’ inhabitants de Damas fut victim de ce fléau [68] | This year, famine and a dangerous disease devastated all the regions of the East. [...] In the same year, a pestilential disease caused great havoc in Syria. In Aleppo, twelve hundred people died per day. A large number of inhabitants of Damascus fell victim to this scourge. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | Disease in Syria. | ' [69] | Around the time (1258) when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258) (Translation needed) |
1258, April – 1258, June | Strong famine and disease in St. Albans. | Defi[ci]ente insuper annona, pauperum multitude innumerabilis mortua est. Et inventa sunt passim eorum corpora tumida prae fame et liventia, quina vel sena in porcariis, sterquiliniis, et lutosis plateis, in semetipsis morticina miserabiliter tabefacta. Nec ausi sunt, qui domos habebant, perituros, propter tabem et contagia infirmorum in suam propriam inediam hospitari. Et cum plura corpora mortua invenirentur, factae sunt in cimiteriis amplae fossae et capaces, in quibus reponebantur corpora plurimorum [70] | Additionally, with the failing grain supply, an innumerable multitude of the poor died. Their bloated and discolored bodies, swollen from hunger, were found everywhere, five or six at a time, in pigsties, dung heaps, and muddy streets, miserably decayed into corpses. Those who had homes did not dare to take in the dying, fearing infection and contagion, even at the cost of their own starvation. And since many dead bodies were found, large and spacious pits were dug in the cemeteries, in which the bodies of many were placed. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, May | Great famine and mortality in London. | Circa idem tempus, tanta fames et mortalitas ingruebat in terra, ut, ascendente summa blade usque ad pretium quindecim solidorum et ultra, et terra nummis esset vacuata, et per plateas innumerorum jacerent morticinia […] Jacuerunt insuper mortui super sterquilinia et in luto, et per plateas marcentes et tumescentes, ita ut vix erat qui mortuos sepeliret, nec audebant aut volebant cives vix aliqui mortuos propter tabem hospitari. [71] | Around the same time, such great famine and mortality struck the land that, with the price of grain rising to fifteen solidi and beyond, and the land being emptied of money, countless corpses lay in the streets. [...] The dead also lay on dung heaps and in the mud, decaying and swelling in the streets, so that there were scarcely any who could bury the dead, nor did the citizens dare or wish to take in the dead due to the contagion. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, May 19 | Immense disease in London. | Anno eodem, circa festum Trinitatis, immanis pestis et intolerabilis populum praecipue invasit et afflictum miserabiliter peremit. [72] | In the same year (1258), around the feast of the Trinity, an immense and intolerable disease especially struck the people, miserably afflicting and killing them. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, November | Epidemic in Cairo. | ' | Then there happened a great epidemic at Cairo, from which hardly any one escaped; it began on Thursday, the 24th of Shawwál, and Behá ed dín was one of those attacked by it. He survived a few days, and then expired a little before sunset onn Sunday the 4th of Dhu’l Ka’deh in the same year (Nov AD 1258) and was buried the next after midday prayers […]I could not make it for [Bahaˉʾ al-Dīn’s funeral] prayer as I was engaged myself with the disease. When I had recovered from the disease, I proceeded to his grave for visitation and read a part of the Qur’aˉn for him [73] |
1259 | Price increase, famine and epidemics throughout Italy | In questo mentre si ritrouaua tutta l'Italia grandemente afflitta, & per la gran carestia che da ogni parte s'haueua di tutte le cose attenenti al vitto humano, & per la vniuersal pestilentia che da ogni lato regnaua, con miserabile strage d'ogni viuente di qualunque stato, & conditione. [74] | In the meantime, all of Italy was greatly afflicted, and by the great famine on all sides of all things pertaining to human sustenance, and by the universal pestilence that reigned on all sides, with miserable slaughter of every citizen of every state and condition. (Translation: DeepL) |
1259 | High mortality in Italy and death of an elder Italian Lord | 1259 - [...] quo anno fuit in Ytalia hominum et mulierum mortalitas maxima, […] (p. 548) Dominus Rubinus senex erat et plenus dierum et misit pro me, eo anno quo fuit mortalitas maxima et quo Icilinus de Romano captus fuit in bello, scilicet MCCLIX; et confessus est mecum et bene ordinavit de anima sua et mortuus est in senectute bona, transiens de hoc mundo ad Patrem. [75] | In the year 1259, which was the year of the greatest mortality of men and women in Italy, [...] (p. 548) Lord Rubino was old and full of days. He sent for me in that year when there was the greatest mortality and when Icilinus from Rome was captured in war, namely, in the year 1259. He confessed with me and arranged well for his soul, and he died in good old age, passing from this world to the Father Template:Mb |
1259 | Everywhere a great need, shortage and price increase and thereupon severe plague in Salzburg | 1259. Maxima caristia orta est per omnes terras, quam sequitur maxima pestilentia hominum. [76] | In the year 1259, a great scarcity arose across all lands, followed by a severe pestilence among the people. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1259 | Flagellants appear in Bohemia, go through the whole country and come into conflict with the established clergy. Many Bohemians (men and women) go with them. They are persecuted by the Roman Church. | Von gotes geburt her abe / czwelfhundirt gar / vnd dar nach nun vnd funfzcig iar; / Von den, di in der buz / gingin mit dez tufils gruz. / vnd der sel ein swer val / vndir einer neuwen tat / waz czu licht komen drat, / in dem vorgnantin iar / czu Behem quam fur war. / Do gingin blose leut / durch daz gancze lant wit, / di indecktin dy ruk / vf er cleins gluk / vnd slugin sich mit geisziln / den ruk voln kreiszil. / Si stracktin sich in daz kot, / vnd daz waz der sel tot. / Gotis dinst si smechtin, / di pristirschaf si echtin; / si sprachin: "Vnsir buzze ist der sel suzse / vnd beszir, wen vwir schrein." / Si hiszin laszin sin / gotis ampt vor nit, / und daz tetin dy lut. / Di bemisch herrin / sohin si von verrin / also durch daz lant gen. / Si sprachin zcu den: / "Wi turt er daz getun / an vnsir viszin iczun?" / Mit in gingin si bi nom / vnd slugin sich alsom. / Di frouwen in irn scharin / sach man alsam gebarin; / si tetin als di gouch / vnd geisiltin sich ouch. / Hettin si gewolt, / daz ez der sel frumen solt, / so soltin si ez bi tagin / czu buz intphangin habin / von den pristirn gelesin; / so wer ez der sel nucz gewesin. / Abir dy erstin nacktin / bosen vorsacz trachtin, / wan si slugin sich ser / vm den tufil Lucifer, / daz der gar vngenem / uf sinen stul widir quem. / Vnd do von in dysze mer / virnomen dy Romer, / si in aln czu stur / gabin ein buz mit dem fur / als andern keczern, / di si woltin mern. / Di keczir sint mit ganczir ger / des tufils diner, / vnd daz warn dy. / Dar vm offintin si / ir heilkeit misstetlich, / daz schied si von dem himilrich. [77] | After the birth of God in the twelfhundred and fifty ninth year; of those who went in penitence with the salute of the devil. Doing their souls no good choice by this new deed that came to light in the named year in Bohemia. Naked people went through the whole land. They covered their backs with beatings by whips. They layed down in excrement and that was the death for their souls. They reviled the devine service and the clergy and they said: "Our penitence is the food of the soul and it is better than your shouting." They demanded the devine service to stop and the people did so. The Bohemian lords saw them go through the land from far and said: "How come they do this without our knowledge?" But they went with them and beated themselves. The flock of the women behaved likewise: they did the same and joined them. If they had wanted to help their souls they should have received the order of penitence by day and from the priests. But those nakeds had a bad scheme from the beginning: They beated themselves hard in order to bring the devil Lucifer back on his throne. When the Romans came to know of them, they let them atone by fire as they did with other heretics. The heretics are with their whole desire servants of the devil and so they were. Therein they advertised their failed holiness and this seperated them from the kingdom of heaven. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1259 | In this year there was a great inflation followed by a plague among humans. | 1259. Maxima caristia orta est per omnes terras, quam sequitur maxima pestilentia hominum. [78] | 1259. The greatest dearth arose in all lands which was followed by the greatest plague among humans. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1259, April | Mortality in Paris. Crops have been malevolent. | Anno sequenti, mense aprilis fuit mortalitas, maxima Parisius, et moriebantur homines quasi subito. [79] | The year after, in April, there was a great mortality, especially in Paris. People died very rapidly. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1259, April – 1259, May | Epidemic and high mortality in Italy. | Et eodem anno MCCLIX magna fuit mortalitas, et composui librum de tediis. [...] In supradicto millesimo habitabam in Burgo Sancti Donini et composui et scripsi alium librum Tediorum ad similitudinem Pateccli. Item eodem anno in Ytalia maxima fuit mortalitas mulierum et hominum, ita quod in vespertino offitio duos mortuos simul in ecclesia habebamus. Et inchoavit ista maledictio in ebdomada de Passione, ita quod in tota provincia Bononie fratres Minores offitium in Dominica Olivarum dicere non potuerunt, ita erant a quodam frigore lesi; et pluribus mensibus duravit infirmitas ista. Tunc obiit dominus Rubinus de Soragna, barbánus Uberti Pelavicini et frater Marchisopoli, quem in confessione audivi. Item in Burgo Sancti Donini ex illa pestilentia mortui sunt trecenti et eo amplius, et in Mediolano multa milia, et in Florentia similiter multa milia; nec pulsabant campanas, ne infirmos terrerent. [80] | And in the same year 1259, there was a great mortality, and I composed a book about weariness. [...] In the aforementioned year, I lived in San Donino and composed and wrote another book of weariness, similar to Gherardo Patecchio. Also in the same year, in Italy, there was a great mortality of men and women, so much so that during the evening office, we had two dead in the church at the same time. And this curse began in the week of Passion, so that in the whole province of Bologna, the Friars Minor could not perform the office on Palm Sunday, as they were affected by a certain chill; and this illness lasted for several months. Then, Master Rubinus of Soragna, the barber of Uberti Pelavicini, and Brother Marchisopoli, whom I heard in confession, died. Also in San Donino, more than three hundred died from that pestilence, and in Milan, many thousands, and similarly in Florence, many thousands; and the bells did not toll, lest they terrify the sick. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1260 | Epidemic in connection with the flagellants. | Nell' Anno 1260 seguiura una attrocissima mortalita, che li sette ottavi delle Persone occissi alla sua falce, molte Cittade rimasero disabitate e fù al tempo del B. Riniero dove fù necessario per placare l' ira di Dio, che le persone andassero in Processione nudi insino alla centura disciplinandosi. [81] | In the year 1260 there followed a very terrible death, so that the seven eighths of the people came to his sickle, many cities were left uninhabited and it was at the time of B. Riniero where it was necessary to appease the wrath of God, that the people went in procession naked to the centurion, disciplining themselves. (Translation: DeepL) |
1260 | Flagellants in context of famine and epidemic | In questo tempo essendo molestata grandemente la Italia de la fame et de la Peste, hebbero principio le Confraternita, o come si chiamano a Bologna le compagnie dei Battuti [82] | At this time, when Italy was greatly afflicted by famine and plague, the Confraternities, or as they are called in Bologna, the Companies of the Battuti, began. (Translation: DeepL) |
1261 | Flagellants appear in Bohemia. | Ibant flagellatores, que secta nescio a quo spiritu processerat; set multi nostri noti in eam ibant pura intencione et sincera devocione. Procedebant namque turmatim hinc et inde per ecclesias, precedentibus vexillis et cereis ardentibus, precinentibus duobus, ceteris respondentibus, stantes nudi et affligentes se flagellis, panno qualicunque succinctos lumbos et velata capita habentes. [83] | The flagellants went about, a sect that I do not know from what spirit it had arisen; but many of our acquaintances joined it with pure intention and sincere devotion. For they proceeded in groups here and there through the churches, with banners and burning candles going before, two leading with singing, the others responding, standing naked and beating themselves with whips, having their loins girded with some kind of cloth and their heads covered (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1262 | Mortality in Normandy | Hoc anno fuit mors valida in Normannia. [84] | This year, a great mortality raged in Normandy. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1265 | Great mortality in Italy in the year 1265 | Magna mortalitas in Italia [85] | Great mortality in Italy. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1267 | Many diseases and plague among people and animals in Thuringia and the surrounding area | Similiter in Thuringia et in confinio eius multe egrotationes ac pestilencie hominum et pecudum irruerunt. [86] | Similarly, in Thuringia and its neighboring regions, many illnesses and pestilences befell both humans and livestock (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1267 | Great famine and severe plague with many deaths in people and animals in complete Austria | Anno Domini MCCLXVII. pestilencia et fames, ex nationes civitatum et villarum per Austriam surrexerunt, ita ut innumerus populus cum pecore pene omni in terris peste miserabiliter morerentur, que Deum vulgaris plebs affirmavit propter illivitas regis nupcias induxisse. [87] | (Translation needed) |
1270 | Charles of Anjou makes peace in Tunisia, partly because the plague hit his army | Reges, tum propter difficultatem urbem munitissimam capiendi, tum propter pestilentiam mortalitatis, que vehementer exercitum affligebat, tale pactum cum rege Tunicii pepigerunt: quod ipse persolveret regibus omnes transfetationis expensas et tributum redderet regi Karulo et filiis suis, quod ipse solebat persolvere annuatim magno principi Federico. [88] | (Translation needed) |
1271 | Plague in Austria and Hungary | Eiusdem tempore anni tam inaudita facta est pestilentia in Austria et Ungaria, ut ex tam vehementi pestilentie plaga in fossatis maximis simul et semel mortui homines tamquam peccora infoderentur. [89] | (Translation needed) |
1271 VN: 20 |
Mortality in Lorraine. | Mortalitas maxima in Lotharingia. Illo anno 20 fratres in convetnu fratrem Predicatorum Metensis mortui sunt. [90] | Great mortality in Lorraine. This year, 20 brothers died in the Dominican monastery of Metz. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1276 | Price increase in Genoa, Lombardy, Tuscany, France and in complete Italy, poverty migration and disease | In iam dicto anno [1276] victualium magna fuit penuries nedum in Ianua et districtu, set etiam in Lonbardia, Tuscia, Provintia et Francia, et quasi in Ytalia tota. In Ianua enim et districtu usque in solidos 40 frumenti mine singule vendebantur; quod autem durius est audire, nedum frumentum set nec etiam granum poterat reperiri. Qui enim granum habebant, illud ad libitum vendere potuissent, quantumcunque voluissent inde habere pretium; nisi iussio emanasset qua fuit cunctis inhibitum, ne ultra certam summam frumentum vel granum aliquatenus venderetur. Tanta autem victualium inedia nedum per totum illum annum set etiam quasi per totum sequentem regnavit, quod homines fame peribant. Qua ex causa urgente fame et fructuum paupertate, magna mulierum et hominum multitudo cum eorum familias etiam parvulis quos in cunabulis deferebant, fines Lonbardie, Tuscie, Provintie et totius Ytalie famem fugientes est egressa. Ex diversis quidem civitatibus locis et villis et quasi ex totius Lonbardie et Ytalie finibus homines mulieres magni et parvuli undique concurrebant, qui quasi fame consumpti velud mortui apparebant. Qui omnes habuerunt ad civitatem Ianuensem recursum, et quamquam Ianuensis civitas magna victualium laboraret inopia, tamen ad se fugientes non repulit; set ipsis miseris et oppressis fame [p. 283] compatiens manum aperuit et panem suum et omnia neccessaria eisdem esurientibus ministravit. Illo quippe anno et quasi toto sequenti aer infectus et pestilens celum fuit, et ad hec in omnibus iam dictis partibus morbus invaluit, quod infinitos homines et mulieres magnos et parvos fere in omnibus Ytalie partibus mors invasit. [91] | (Translation needed) |
1276 | Epidemic among humans and animals in Reggio Emilia | et magna mortalitas hominum, & bestiarum facta est eo anno [92] | (Translation needed) |
1276, July – 1276, October | Months of continuous rain destroys crops, famine feared; livestock dies, famine, disease and deaths in Rome and throughout Italy | Eodem tempore [1276] quasi per totum mensem Julij, Augusti, Septembris & Octobris Deus tantum pluit super terram in Italia, quod quasi omnes segetes de Plano guastatae sunt & perditae, & timetur multum de caristia temporis in Italia, & propter multas aquas quasi omnes boves & vaccae & oves & caprae mortuae sunt in Italia, & Romae, & in illis partibus magnae fames, infirmitates, & mortalitates hominum et personarum etiam fuerunt [93] | (Translation needed) |
1277 | Epidemic with deaths in Italy and Lombardy. | De magna hominum mortalitate, et de domino Mastino, qui interfectus fuit.[…] Et eodem anno (1277) fuit mortalitas maxima et magne infirmitates hominum, puerorum et mulierum quasi per universum orbem et maxime in regno Ytalie et Lombardie. [94] | About the great mortality of men, and about Lord Mastino, who was killed. [...] And in the same year (1277), there was the greatest mortality and great illnesses of men, children, and women almost throughout the entire world, especially in the kingdom of Italy and Lombardy. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1277 | Epidemic with many deaths and strong price increase of grain in Lombardy and Italy | Item eodem anno fuit maxima caritudo blave, ita quod sestarium furmenti fuit positum in asetum [fixing the price] ad decem solidos imperiales spelte v solidos imperiales; et secrete per episcopatum vendebatur xx solidis imperialibus starium furmenti. Et magna mortalitas hominum, infancium et mulierum fuit per Lombardiam et totam Ytaliam [...] Et illo anno fuit paucum blaudum per totam Lombardiam, ita quod starium furmenti vendebatur xij solidis imperialibus et starium spelte vj solidis imperialibus. Et fuit magna mortalitas per totam Lombardiam [95] | (Translation needed) |
1277 | Severe plague among animals | Anno sequenti pestilencia pecorum est exorta, ita ut nobis secundum veram computacionem mille et ducente oves et plus quam centum vacce morerentur; unde in comparandis lacticiniis multa expendere oportebat. [96] | (Translation needed) |
1277, May | Epidemic and price increase in Reggio | Eo mense [May] coepit morbus Rhegii, & tunc statutum est, ut non pulsentur campanae, nec mortui praeconizentur, nec plorentur, & quod mulieres non sequantur ad Ecclesiam corpora. Et tunc frumentum valebat solidos VIII. imperial. et faba solid. XX Resanorum. [...] Eo anno maximus morbus fuit Rhegii. [97] | (Translation needed) |
1277, July – 1277, December | In Italy was an epidemic with deaths and rainfall prevent sowing, price increase of all foodstuffs | Et eodem anno [...] steterunt magne infirmitates, pestilentie et mortalitates hominum et mulierum per universum orbem quasi et maxime in Ytalia. Et magna pluvia fuit, ita quod homines non potuerunt colligere melicas de campis nec eas siccare nec potuerunt bene seminare [...] Et eo anno fuit maxima caristia de rebus victualibus, quia aliquando vendictum fuit sest. frumenti VIIII sol. imper. et X sol imper., et sest. fabe XVIII sol. rex. et XVII et XVIIII sol. rex., et sest. milice V sol. imper. et XIII et XIIII sol. rex., et sest. spelte IIII sol. imper. et XIII sol. rex., et libra olei XXI imper. et XXII imper.; et de omnibus aliis rebus victualibus magna caristia fuit. [98] | (Translation needed) |
1278 | Mortality in the duchy of Normandy, and elsewhere (no precision). | Hoc anno fuit mors valida in Normannia et in multis partibus. [99] | This year (1278), a great mortality raged in Normandy and in many other locations. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1278, Winter – 1279 | Death of numerous people due to various diseases[100] | Toe жe зимы[101] [6786] мнoзи чeлoвѣци yмиpaxy paзличными нeдyги.[102] [103] | That winter 1278 many people died of various diseases. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski) |
1278, Winter – 1279 | Death of numerous people due to various diseases.[104] | Toe жe зимы[105][6786] мнoзи чeлoвѣци yмиpaxy[106]. paзличными нeдyги. [107] | That winter 1278 many people died of various diseases. [108] |
1280, January 25 – 1280, March | Many apocalyptic events in Bologna, like on 25. January an earthquake and solar eclipse; Two months of rain, floods and consequently a famine and Epidemic with many deaths | L'anno 1280 all 25 di Gennaro in Bologna fu un gran terremoto et nell' hora di non si ecclisÒ il Sole et stete oscurato per lo spatio di due hore, et finito il detto ecclise appareve la luna di color negro, et fù veduto un Dragone per l'aria con la coda lunga volare; et la brina che poco dopo cade fecce seccare le viti, et le scemenze et in quello istesso tempo cominciorno le pioggie che durrono per due mesi continui, facendo l'aque dei fiumi grandissimi danni, et gettando a terra molti ponti percio ne segui la carestia et la Peste che gran numero di gente levò di vita [109] | In the year 1280, on the 25th of January in Bologna, there was a great earthquake, and at the hour of noon the Sun was eclipsed and darkened for the space of two hours, and when the said eclipse was over, the moon appeared black in colour, and a dragon was seen flying through the air with its long tail; And the frost that shortly afterwards fell dried up the vines, and the fruit, and at the same time the rains began, which lasted for two continuous months, doing great damage to the waters of the rivers, and throwing many bridges to the ground, so famine and the Plague followed, which took a great number of people from life. (Translation: DeepL) |
1281 | High mortality caused by severe famine and plague in Southern Europe and Bohemia. | Fuerunt nives, pluvie et inundaciones aquarum magne, et cepit esse fames valida in cunctis inferioribus partibus Europe, et Bohemi quocumque divertebant fame et pestilencia interibant. [110] | (Translation needed) |
1281 | Epizootic in Denmark in the year 1281. | Pestilentia pecorum. [111] | (1281) Pestilence of the cattle. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1282 | Epidemic in Alsace | Item mel in Alsatia finibus pluebat, unde multi olera seu fructus commedere recusabant. Item pestilencia in locis pluribus sequebatur [112] | It rained honey in some places in Alsace, and a lot of people refused to eat vegetables and fruits. And, an epidemic follows in several locations. (Translation: Thomas Labbé) |
1282 | Following a great famine a disease spread throughout Bohemia to which so many people fall victim that the graveyards have not sufficient space for the deceased. | De fame maxima, que illis temporibus fuit in Bohemia. [...] Fame igitur urgente tanta pestilencia in terra prevaluit, quantam retroactis temporibus, prout a senibus didici, nullus inibi expertus fuit. [...] ex fetore cadaverum aer inficitur et qui forsan amplius vivere poterat, fetido tabefactus aere subito suffocatur. [...] Cimiteria pro sepultura deficiunt et qui defunctos sepeliant, tedio affecti iam inveniri vix possunt. Magne igitur fovee fodiuntur, in quas multa defunctorum cadavera bigis incessanter adducta proiciuntur. [113] | About the great famine which was at those times in Bohemia. Under the pressure of hunger a plague prevailed in the land and it was so fierce that noone in preceeding times has wittned the like as I have learned from old people. [...] From the smell of cadavers the air got infected and those who could have lived longer did suddenly suffocate, because they were poisoned by the evil smelling air. [...] The graveyards were too small for the funerals and people who were ready to bury the dead were hard to find because they were overwhelmed by disgust. Therefore, large pits were dug to which the many deceased were brought with two horse carriages and into which they were flung. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1282 | A great wave of mortality went through Bohemia and Moravia. Heaps of people were burried in large ditches in the fields during winter and spring. | 1282. Maxima mortalitas hominum fit per Boemiam et Moraviam. Nam Prage ac Brunne et alibi defuncti innumerabiles, velud fenum in curribus ad agros ducebantur; ibi in fossis profundis catervatim obstruuntur, tempore hyemalis et veris. [114] | 1282. A maximum mortality of humans happened throughout Bohemia and Moravia. In Prague and Brno as well as in other places innumerable people died. Like hay they were brought in waggons to the fields and there, in the times of winter and spring, large ditches were filled with heaps of them. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1282, January – 1282, July | Caterpillar plague in Reggio Emilia destroys fruit trees, flowers | Et eodem anno fuit tanta multitudo erucarum, quantam nullus meminit diebus nostris, et destruxerunt omnes arbores pomiferas, tam flores quam frondes; et sic apparebant arbores sicut in media hyeme apparere soluent, cum prius optime floruissent. Et postquam in arboribus pomiferis non inveniebant quid comederent, transibant ad cimas sive pullulationes salicum et illa similiter corrodebant; processu temporis cadebant de arboribus et moriebantur. [p. 559] Nec fuerunt iste eruce ortonales, sed aliud genus erucarum fuit. Et eodem anno, in istis VI mensibus fuit magna carestia bladi, scilicet frumenti, spelte, melice et fabe, et de omnibus leguminibus et rebus [115] | (Translation needed) |
1283 | Cattle disease in (northern) Italy, Lombardy and Romagna. | Et eodem anno fuit maxima bovum mortalitas per totam Lombardiam, Romagnolam et Ytaliam [116] | (Translation needed) |
1283 – 1284 | Cattle death, in the following high mortality among humans in 1284 | 1283 - De mortalitate boum que fuit hoc anno. Quod sequenti anno fuit hominum mortalitas subsecut[a]. Item supraposito anno Domini MCCLXXXIII fuit maxima boum mortaliltas per totam Lombardiam, Romagnolam et Ytaliam, et sequenti anno subsecuta est mortalitas hominum. Nam apud Salinum in Burgundia in quodam loco fratrum Minorum habitabant XXII fratres, quos ibi vivos invenit quidam frater Gallicus qui habitabat in Grecia et ibat Parisius; eodem anno, cum reverteretur, invenit XI ex illis mortuos, id est medietatem numeri supradicti. Audivi ab ore ipsius hec eadem apud Regium. In aliis vero partibus mundi eodem anno mortui sunt similiter multi. Et breviter ista est regula generalis, ut, quotienscumque fuerit mortalitas boum, statim sequenti anno mortalitas hominum subsequatur. [117] | (Translation needed) |
1283 – 1284 | Cattle death, in the following high mortality among humans in 1284 | 1283 - De mortalitate boum que fuit hoc anno. Quod sequenti anno fuit hominum mortalitas subsecut[a]. Item supraposito anno Domini MCCLXXXIII fuit maxima boum mortaliltas per totam Lombardiam, Romagnolam et Ytaliam, et sequenti anno subsecuta est mortalitas hominum. Nam apud Salinum in Burgundia in quodam loco fratrum Minorum habitabant XXII fratres, quos ibi vivos invenit quidam frater Gallicus qui habitabat in Grecia et ibat Parisius; eodem anno, cum reverteretur, invenit XI ex illis mortuos, id est medietatem numeri supradicti. Audivi ab ore ipsius hec eadem apud Regium. In aliis vero partibus mundi eodem anno mortui sunt similiter multi. Et breviter ista est regula generalis, ut, quotienscumque fuerit mortalitas boum, statim sequenti anno mortalitas hominum subsequatur. [118] | (Translation needed) |
1284, Winter | Famine in northern Iceland in 1284 | Þenna vetur [...] kom mikið hallæri fyrir norðan land. [119] | This winter [...] came a big famine over northern Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1284 | Plague, epizootic and a famine in Iceland in 1284 | Sott mikil fiardaudi ok do mart folk i sulti ok margir bęir eyddvz. [120] | There was a great plague, death of livestock, and many people died of starvation, and many towns perished. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1284 | Mortality among cattle and famine in northern Iceland in 1284 | Fjárfellir og dóu margir menn af sulti á Íslandi og auðn margra bæja. [121] | Death of cattle and many men died of hunger in Iceland, and many towns were laid waste. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1284, Summer | Great plague in Iceland in 1284, followed by a lunar eclipse. Out of the three lunar eclipses of that year, the only one visible in Iceland was the Total Lunar Eclipse on 29 June 1284 | Sott mikil […] Eclipsis lune. [122] | Great plague […] Lunar eclipse. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1284 | Deaths caused by plague in Pisa | De pestilentia qua Deus Pisanos percussit. Percussit enim Dominus Pisanos pestilentia illo anno (1284), et multi mortui sunt. [123] | Regarding the plague with which God struck the Pisans. For indeed, the Lord struck the Pisans with the plague in that year (1284), and many died (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1284 | Tatars invaded the land of Hungary, then a great famine and plague started. | Eodem anno Tarthari terram Ungarie que dicitur de Septemcastris intraverunt et multos christianos captivaverunt et occiderunt. Christus autem tutor christianorum, magnam famem in eos et pestilenciam inmisit. [124] | The same year, the Tartars entered the land of Hungary, which is called the land of Seven Castles, and captured and killed many Christians. But Christ, the protector of Christians, sent great famine and pestilence upon them. (Translation: DeepL) |
1284 – 1288, December 10 | Example of leprosy in Rurikids dynasty. Illnes of Vladimir Vasylkovich prince of Volodymyr-Volynsky[125]. | Кнѧѕю же Вълѡдимероу лежащю в болести своей пол[ъ]но д҃ лѣт[а]. Болезнь же его сице скажем[ъ]. Нача емоу гнити исподнѧа оустна – пръвого лѣта мало, на дроугое и на третїе бол[ь]ма почѧ гнити. И еще ж[е] емоу не вел[ь]ми бол[ь]ноу сѫщю, но ездѧше на кони, когда хотѧше”. […] Исходѧщю ж[е] д҃-мү лѣтоу и наставши ѕѣмѣ, начѧ бол[ь]ма нечимо: опада емү все мѧсо съ брады и зоубы исподнїи выгниша вси, и челюсть бороднаа перегни. Съй же быс[ть] вторыи Ӏевъ. […] и ѡт[ъ]пада емоу мѧсо все съ бороды, кость борѡд[ь]наа перегнила бѧше, и быс[ть] видѣти и гортан[ь]. И не въкоуша по з҃ недел[ь] ничтож[е], развѣ одиное воды, и тое ж[е] поскоудоу. И быс[ть] в че[твьрто]к[ъ]: на ноч[ь] поча изнемогати, и ӕко быс[ть] в коуры, и позна в собѣ д[оу]хь изнемагающь ко исходоу д[оу]ши. [126] | Prince Vladimir lay suffering in great pain a full four years. We will tell of his pain in the following way. His lower lip began to rot. Only a little in the first year but in the second and third year, it decayed even more, and yet he was not very ill, but rode his horse when he wanted to[127] […] As the fourth year was coming to a close and winter [had] set in, [Volodimer's illness became worse]. All his flesh parted from his chin, his lower teeth rotted away completely, and his lower jaw [also] decayed. He was [indeed] the second Job. […] All his flesh parted from his chin and the bone had decayed [to such an extent] that one could see his larynx. And for seven weeks he did not take anything except water and that very little. By nightfall Thursday he began to fail in strength, and when it was time for the cock to crow, he knew that his spirit was failing to allow his soul to leave [his body]. [128] |
1285 | Great plague in Iceland (Westfjords) in 1285 | Sott mikil vm vest fiorðv. [129] | Great plague in the Westfjords. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1285 | Connection of epidemic deaths and animal disease | Et nota, ut etiam alibi me dixisse recordor, quod ista est regula generalis et firma, quia, quotienscumque boum precedit mortalitas, totiens sequenti anno hominum mortalitas subsequatur. Idem post famem que precedit accidere consuevit ut mortalitas hominum similiter subsequatur. [130] | (Translation needed) |
1285 VN: 2000 |
Epidemics in Tivoli. | 1285 - Honorius quartus cum cardinalibus suis, in civitate Tyburtina; et fuit ibi mortalitas maxima, usque adeo grandis quod solummodo de forensibus mortui sunt ibi duo milia hominum. [131] | In 1285 Pope Honorius IV, with his cardinals, (ws) in the city of Tivoli; and there was a great mortality there, so great that only among outsiders two thousand men died there. (Translation needed) |
1285 | Fever epidemic in Lucca | Eodem anno fuit epidemia de tertianis in qua multi sunt de dicta aegritudine mortui, et praecipue qui fuerunt in exercitu supradicto [132] | (Translation needed) |
1285 | Epidemics near Parma and Rome with many deaths. | De magna mortalitate hominum que in diversis partibus mundi fuit. Item, millesimo supraposito, in villa Pupilii, que est in episcopatu Parmensi, infra tres menses LXXX homines mortui sunt. Nam ista est regula generalis sive argumentum probatum, ut quotiens boum precedit mortalitas, totiens sequenti anno hominum mortalitas subsequatur. Et eodem millesimo in urbe Romana maxima fuit mortalitas et infirmitas, ita ut mitrati inter abbates et episcopos a Pascha usque ad Assumptionem beate Virginis sub papa Honorio quarto XXIIII morerentur. [133] | About the great mortality of men which occurred in various parts of the world. Likewise, in the aforementioned year, in the village of Pupilii, which is in the diocese of Parma, within three months, eighty men died. For this is a general rule or proven argument, that as often as there is a mortality among cattle, so often in the following year there follows a mortality among men. And in the same year, there was a great mortality and sickness in the city of Rome, so that between Easter and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, twenty-four mitred abbots and bishops died under Pope Honorius IV. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1285 | A great mortality among nobles in Thuringia, but unclear if disease-induced | Anno Domini 1285. magna mortalitas desevit in nobiles Thurinigie. Nam vix infra dimidii anni spacium nobilis vir marchio Theodericus de Landisberc et comes Albertus de Orlamunde et frater eius comes Otto, comes Heinricus de Swarczburc et comes Albertus de Glichinstein et multi alii ministeriales et nobiles mortui sunt. [134] | In the year of our Lord 1285, a great mortality raged among the nobles of Thuringia. For scarcely within the span of half a year, the nobleman Margrave Dietrich of Landsberg, Count Albert of Orlamünde, his brother Count Otto, Count Heinrich of Schwarzburg, Count Albert of Glichinstein, and many other officials and nobles perished. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1285, Summer | Severe plague among cattles. | Pestilentia pecudum solito maior per totam estatem duravit, ita ut in Augusta non decima pars vaccarum remaneret viva. [135] | The plague of cattle lasted longer than usual throughout the entire summer, so that in the month of August not even a tenth part of the cows remained alive. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1285 | Epidemic and famine among Tatars and Rus soldiers in Carpathian Mountains. | Быс[ть] идоущю окан[ь]номоу и безакон[ь]номоу Ногаеви и Телебоуѕѣ с ним[ь],воевав[ъ]шим[ъ] землю оугор[ь]скоую. Ногай поиде на Брашевь,а Телебоуга поиде поперекь горъ, што бѧше переити треми д[ь]ньми, и ходи по л҃ д[ь]невь блоудѧ въ горах[ъ], водим[ъ] гнѣвом[ь] Б[о]жїим[ь], и быс[ть] в них[ъ] голѡд[ъ] велик[ъ], и начаша люди ӕсти. Потом[ь] же начаша и сами покарѧти, и оумре их[ъ] бесчислен[ь]ное мнѡж[ь]ство. Самовид[ь]ци же тако рекоша: «Оумръших[ъ] быс[ть] р҃ тысѧч[ь]». Окан[ь]ныи же и безаконный Телебоугь выйде пѣшь съ своею женою ѡ одной кобылѣ, посрамлен[ъ] ѡт[ъ] Б[ог]а. [136] | The cursed and lawless Nogaj started back with Telebuga, after they had pillaged the Hungarian land. [Then they separated], and Nogaj set out for Brašev, while Telebuga went through the [Carpathian] Mountains, which one could cross in three days. But he wandered thirty days in the mountains, driven [back and forth] by God's wrath. A great famine arose among [his men] and they began eating [their captives?]. Then they started dying themselves [so that] a countless number of them perished and eyewitnesses testified that there was a hundred thousand dead. [Finally] the cursed and lawless Telebuga made his way on foot out [of the mountains] with his wife and one mare. [And thus he was] shamed by God. [137] |
1285, March | Plague of fleas in Italy. | Anno siquidem Domini MCCLXXXV, indictione XIII, quem millesimum superius etiam inchoavimus, totus mensis Marcii pulicibus plenus fuit, et ita abundaverunt pulices per totum mensem illum, quod, si essent in media estate, superflui viderentur et essent. [138] | Indeed, in the year of our Lord 1285, in the thirteenth indiction, which we also mentioned earlier, the entire month of March was full of fleas, and fleas abounded throughout that whole month to such an extent that if it were in the middle of summer, they would seem excessive and plentiful (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1286 | In Cremona, Piacenza, Parma and other regions: high mortality in humans and chickens. Epidemic with deaths in Italy and Lombardy. | 1286 - Nam in Cremona et in Placencia et in Parma et in Regio et in multis aliis Italie civitatibus et dyocesibus fuit mortalitas maxima tam hominum quam gallinarum. [139] | For in Cremona, and in Piacenza, and in Parma, and in Reggio, and in many other cities and dioceses of Italy, there was the greatest mortality, both of humans and of chickens. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1286 | Drought from March to May in Parma; epidemic among animals and humans; low grain price from July onwards. | Item eo anno fuit magna mortalitas hominum et bestiarum in civitate et episcopatu Parme, et maxime de bestiis menutis; et non pluvit quasi per totum mensem martij et usque ad medium maij, propter quod homines multum timebant; et eodem anno non fuit nix neque frigus aliquod in civitate vel episcopatu Parme. Et eo anno, scilicet post sanctum Petrum, starium furmenti valuit iiij solidos imperiales [140] | In that year, there was a great mortality of men and animals in the city and diocese of Parma, especially among small animals; and it did not rain for almost the entire month of March and until the middle of May, because of which the people were very afraid; and in the same year there was neither snow nor any cold in the city or diocese of Parma. And in that year, namely after the feast of Saint Peter, a bushel of wheat cost 4 imperial shillings. (Translation: ChatGPT-3.5) |
1287, Winter | Famine in Iceland in 1287 | aa þessum timum komu hardla storir vetr margir j samt. ok manndaudr af sullte eftir þat. [141] | At that time, many severe winters came, and mortality due to hunger. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1287 | Epidemic in Poland. | Тое ж[е] ѕимы и в лѧхох[ъ] быс[ть] моръ великь, изомре их[ъ] бесчислен[ь]ное множ[ь]ство. [142] | That winter there was a great plague in Poland [as a result of which] a countless number [of people] died. [143] |
1288 | Encouragement of marriages by the municipality of Bologna; fear of epidemics because of the weather, therefore banishment of lepers from the city to a hospital and financial aid for the poor. | Costumava in questi tempi il Senato di honorare e favorire li Matrimonij che fra li Cittadini si facevano dentro la Città, et in questo medesimo anno se ne feccero quarantuno Matrimonij nel quale lassendolo il Senato fece fare altre tante casselline di panno rosato, et a ciaschuhno secondo era il [S. 150] ne presentò una. Era questo favore di tanta stima che lo spos gloriandosi per otto giorni continui portava in capo la detta cappellina di Rosato. Et da li in poi lo spos la serbava in casa come segno di particolar favore fattogli dal Senato. In questo medesimo anno volle il Senato che si fabricasse un ponte vicino alla città per cui passa l'aqua del Fium Savena. Et perche pareva che l'aere et le gravi infermità minacciassero qualche disordine ne' corpi humani morendo gli' Infermi quasi di repentina morte fù dal senato fatto quest' ordine che nessun Leproso o contaminato nella persona habitasse, ne si accortasse alla Città per ispatio di re miglia, ma si fermasse all' Hospital di S. Lazzaro. Et se alcuno di detti infettati fosse povero, il Senato darebbe per ciascuno povero lire dieci. [144] | It was the custom in these times for the Senate to honour and favour the marriages of citizens within the city, and in this same year forty-one marriages took place, in which the Senate had many other rosy-coloured boxes made, and to each one, according to the [S. 150] order, it presented one. This favour was of such esteem that the bride gloriously wore for eight continuous days the said chapel of Rosato on her head. And from then on, the bride kept it at home as a sign of the special favour done him by the Senate. In the same year, the Senate demanded that a bridge be built near the city through which the waters of the river Savena flow. And because it seemed that the air and the serious infirmities threatened some disorder in the human body, with the infirm dying an almost sudden death, the Senate ordered that no lepers or those infected in person should live in the city, nor should they be seen by the city for a distance of three miles, but that they should stay at the Hospital of S. Lazzaro. And if any of the infected were poor, the Senate would give each poor person ten lire. (Translation: DeepL) |
1288 | Epidemic in Poland, Rus and Tatars. | Тое же ѕимы не токмо въ ѡдиной роуси быс[ть] гнѣвь Б[о]жїи морѡм[ь], но и в лѧхох[ъ]. Тое ж[е] ѕимы и в татарех[ъ] изомре все: и кони, и скоти, и ов[ь]цы все изомре, не остасѧ ничегож[е]. [145] | That winter God's wrath appeared in the guise of great plague not only in Rus' alone, but also in Poland. That very same winter all of the horses, cattle, and sheep perished also in the land of the Tatars. Everything perished; nothing remained. [146] |
1284 – 1288, December 10 | Example of leprosy in Rurikids dynasty. Illnes of Vladimir Vasylkovich prince of Volodymyr-Volynsky[147]. | Кнѧѕю же Вълѡдимероу лежащю в болести своей пол[ъ]но д҃ лѣт[а]. Болезнь же его сице скажем[ъ]. Нача емоу гнити исподнѧа оустна – пръвого лѣта мало, на дроугое и на третїе бол[ь]ма почѧ гнити. И еще ж[е] емоу не вел[ь]ми бол[ь]ноу сѫщю, но ездѧше на кони, когда хотѧше”. […] Исходѧщю ж[е] д҃-мү лѣтоу и наставши ѕѣмѣ, начѧ бол[ь]ма нечимо: опада емү все мѧсо съ брады и зоубы исподнїи выгниша вси, и челюсть бороднаа перегни. Съй же быс[ть] вторыи Ӏевъ. […] и ѡт[ъ]пада емоу мѧсо все съ бороды, кость борѡд[ь]наа перегнила бѧше, и быс[ть] видѣти и гортан[ь]. И не въкоуша по з҃ недел[ь] ничтож[е], развѣ одиное воды, и тое ж[е] поскоудоу. И быс[ть] в че[твьрто]к[ъ]: на ноч[ь] поча изнемогати, и ӕко быс[ть] в коуры, и позна в собѣ д[оу]хь изнемагающь ко исходоу д[оу]ши. [148] | Prince Vladimir lay suffering in great pain a full four years. We will tell of his pain in the following way. His lower lip began to rot. Only a little in the first year but in the second and third year, it decayed even more, and yet he was not very ill, but rode his horse when he wanted to[149] […] As the fourth year was coming to a close and winter [had] set in, [Volodimer's illness became worse]. All his flesh parted from his chin, his lower teeth rotted away completely, and his lower jaw [also] decayed. He was [indeed] the second Job. […] All his flesh parted from his chin and the bone had decayed [to such an extent] that one could see his larynx. And for seven weeks he did not take anything except water and that very little. By nightfall Thursday he began to fail in strength, and when it was time for the cock to crow, he knew that his spirit was failing to allow his soul to leave [his body]. [150] |
1291 | Destruction of the crops [through the invasion of King Andreas II. of Hungary and also a plague | Segetes tempore messis tam per pabulum quam per incendium et conculcationem pedum equorum ac hominum penitus devastavit; et talis pestilencia sex septimanis in terra ista duravit, et multo deterius huic terre fecit, quam Bela [151] |
1291, Winter | Epizootic in Iceland in the year 1291 | Felli vetr eymvni hinn micli. [152] | An unforgettable hard winter when cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1291 | Smallpox and an epizootic in Iceland in 1291 | Bolna sott a lslande. [...] Jǫkǫl vę́tr mikill ok felli vetr. [153] | Smallpox on Iceland. [...] A harsh, icy winter when cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1291, Winter | Epizootic in Iceland in 1290, probably referring to the same event as Annales reseniani and Annales regii for 1291 | Fellivetr hinn mikli. [154] | Harsh winter when many cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1291 | Horse sickness in Novgorod the great. | Того же лѣта [6799][155]посла господь казнь свою за грѣхы наша: помроша конѣ в Новѣгородѣ, мало ся и оста. [156] | The same year [6799] the Lord sent His punishment for our sins: the horses all died in Novgorod, and but few were left. [157] |
1295, May – 1295, September | Epidemic with high mortality in Romagna | De mense Maii fuit maxima Caristia per totam Lombardiam, adeo ut multi morerentur in viis, & domibus fame terribili. Et ipso mense obiit Dominus Henricus Episcopus Rhegiensis, & tota illa aestate fuit morbus maximus per totam Italiam [158] | (Translation needed) |
1298 | Plague among animals in Poland. | Generalis pestilencia animalium in tota Polonia. [159] | A general plague among animals in all of Poland. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
References
- ↑ • Reinerus monachus coenobii S. Iacobi: Reineri Annales. In: Gustav Heinrich Pertz (Ed.): Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores. 16). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1859, pp. 651–680 | , p. 655
- ↑ Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. III, Mocква: Языки Руской Культуры, 2000 pp. 45–46
- ↑ Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 246.
- ↑ The Chronicle of Novgorod 1016-1471 translated from the Russian by Robert Michell and Nevill Forbes […] with an Introduction by C. Raymond Beazley. London: Gray’s inn., W.C., 1914 (= Camden Third Series, Vol. XXV), p. 43.
- ↑ Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. III, Mocква: Языки Руской Культуры, 2000. pp. 45–46.
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 35
- ↑ • Reinerus monachus coenobii S. Iacobi: Reineri Annales. In: Gustav Heinrich Pertz (Ed.): Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores. 16). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1859, pp. 651–680 | , p. 657
- ↑ • Anonymus: Princeton Geniza Project (PGP). , T-S 6J6.20, ed. by Alan Elbaum PGP
- ↑ • Anonymus: Princeton Geniza Project (PGP). , T-S NS 321.93, lines 8-14 recto, 3-6 verso, ed. by Shelomo D. Goitein, Chief Judge R. Ḥanan'el b. Samuel, In-law of R. Moses Maimonides (in Hebrew), in: Tarbiẕ 50, no. 10 (1980), pp. 371-395 PGP
- ↑ • Shelomo D. Goitein: A Mediterranean Society. The Jewish Communities of the World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, 5 vols.. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London 1967–1988 vol. 5, p. 114; translation modified by UO
- ↑ • Anonymus: Princeton Geniza Project (PGP). , T-S 16.305, lines 24-31 verso, ed. by Miriam Frenkel, The Compassionate and Benevolent. The Leading Elite in the Jewish Community of Alexandria in the Middle Ages (in Hebrew), Jerusalem 2006 PGP
- ↑ • Lodovico Ostesani: Breve Compendio, et Sommario delle cose della Cittade di Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 897–1506, ISBN (Signatur)BU 1164, pp. 5–98 , p. 1224
- ↑ Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 147-148
- ↑ In source we have word „моромъ” (morom), what means exactly plague/epidemic.
- ↑ The Russian Primary chronicle: Laurentian text, transl. and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Cambridge-Massachusetts 1953: Mediaeval Academy of America, p. 134-135.
- ↑ Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 52
- ↑ • Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik des Jacob Twinger von Königshofen, Die Chroniken der oberrheinischen Städte (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert). Leipzig 1870-1871, pp. 153-918 , p. 771.
- ↑ • Giacomo del Poggio: Istoria di Bologna. Bibliotece Estense, Modena –1506, ISBN (Signatur)α. H. 3. 1. (Ital. 398) , p. 31
- ↑ Template:Achille Bocchi, XIII, p. 2
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronica Azzolina (1106-1457). Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna 1106-1457, ISBN (Signatur)BU 209 , pp. 11v-12r
- ↑ • Matteo Griffoni: Memoriale Historicum de rebus Bononiensium (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²)). Città di Castello 1902 , p. 8.
- ↑ • Giangrisostomo Tovazzi: Malographia Tridentina. Cronaca dei fatti calamitosi avvenuti nel Trentino e regioni adiacenti dai primi anni d.C. al 1803. Lions Club Trento, Trent 1986 , p. 36
- ↑ • Matteo Griffoni: Memoriale Historicum de rebus Bononiensium (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²)). Città di Castello 1902 , p. 9
- ↑ • Anonymus: Cronica di Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BU 3670 , p. 82
- ↑ • Giacomo del Poggio: Istoria di Bologna. Bibliotece Estense, Modena –1506, ISBN (Signatur)α. H. 3. 1. (Ital. 398) , p. 34r.
- ↑ Íslendinga saga. In: Kristian Kålund: Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók, I. København 1906-1911, p. 386
- ↑ Annales regii. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 127; https://icelandicvolcanos.is/
- ↑ • Giacomo Ronco: Compendio della storia della città di Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur) BU 1124, n. 9, pp. 304r-327r , p. 304v
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 152-253
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two., translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 38
- ↑ Annales Ryenses In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 171
- ↑ Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 512
- ↑ In original text “илемъ”, what means Ulmus glabra Hudson, the wych elm or Scots elm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus_glabra
- ↑ Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 511-512.
- ↑ “Cкүделнїци” means mass graves created during an epidemic event.
- ↑ Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 125.
- ↑ The source did not specify the type of disease.
- ↑ Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 54.
- ↑ • Giangrisostomo Tovazzi: Malographia Tridentina. Cronaca dei fatti calamitosi avvenuti nel Trentino e regioni adiacenti dai primi anni d.C. al 1803. Lions Club Trento, Trent 1986 , p. 36
- ↑ Suzdal’skаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 511-512.
- ↑ “Cкүделнїци” means mass graves created during an epidemic event.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii, ad cyclos paschales. In: Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. 23, Paris 1876, pp. 143–146 , p. 143.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Ex brevi chronico ecclesiae S. Dionysii, ad cyclos paschales. In: Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. 23, Paris 1876, pp. 143–146 , p. 144
- ↑ Skálholtsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 190
- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 256
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- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 256
- ↑ Skálholtsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 190
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- ↑ Kristian Kålund: Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók. 2. København/Kristiania, 1911, p. 123
- ↑ Template:Xxx, p. 36.
- ↑ • Riccobaldo da Ferrara: Historia imperatorum romano-germanicorum a Carolo Magno usque ad Annum MCCXCVIII. producta (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milan 1726, pp. cols. 107–144 , Sp. 133
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī: Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols.. Hyderabad , vol. 2, p. 224
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- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 257
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- ↑ • Anonymus: Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae (= MGH SS). Hannover 1851, pp. 163-209 , p. 176.
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- ↑ • Taki-eddin-Ahmed-Makrizi: Histoire des sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte, écrite en arabe. 1, Paris 1845 , pp. 77-78.
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- ↑ • Giacomo dal Gambaro: Memorie levate dai Giornali del Sig. Giacomo del Gambaro delle cose seguite in Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, pp. BU 581, n. 10 , p. 182r.
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- ↑ • Anonymus: E chronico Sancti Stephani Cadomensis. In: Contenant la troisième livraison des monuments des règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV, depuis MCCXXVI, jusqu'en MCCCXXVIII (= Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Paris 1894, pp. 491–492 , p. 492
- ↑ • Patrizio: Cronica Patricii Ravennatis. In: Forlì e i suoi vescovi. Appunti e documentazione per una storia della chiesa di Forlì (= Studia Ravennatensia). Forlì 1985, pp. 1143–1175 , p. 1154
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronica minor auctore Minorita Erphordensi. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.)). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1899, pp. 524–704 , p. 675, l. 8
- ↑ • Iohannes Victoriensis: Liber certarum historiarum. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.)). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1909, pp. 1–387 , p. 170
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon Marchiae Tarvisinae et Lombardiae, aa. 1207–1270 (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Bibliotece Estense, Città di Castello 1914–1916 , p. 61
- ↑ • Anonymus: Historia annorum 1264–1279. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851, pp. 649–654 , p. 651, l. 52
- ↑ • Iohannes de Mailliaca: Chronica universalis Mettensis. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1879, pp. 502–503 , p. 523.
- ↑ • Obertus Stanconus, Iacubus Aurie et al.: Annales. A. 1270–1279. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hannover 1863, pp. 267–288 , pp. 283–284
- ↑ • Sagacino Levalossi and Pietro della Gazata: Chronicon Regiense. Ab Anno MCCLXXII usqu ad MCCCLXXXVIII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milan 1731, pp. 5–98 , p. 8
- ↑ • Giovanni Mussi: Chronicon Placentinum ab a. CCXXII usque ad a. MCCCCII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milano 1730, pp. 447–634 , p. 480
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- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon Parmense. Ab Anno MXXXVIII usque ad Annum MCCCXXXVIII. (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²)). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1902 , p. 33
- ↑ • Anonymus: Gesta praepositorum Stederburgensium continuata. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1880, pp. 720–735 , p. 728, l. 42
- ↑ • Sagacino Levalossi and Pietro della Gazata: Chronicon Regiense. Ab Anno MCCLXXII usqu ad MCCCLXXXVIII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milan 1731, pp. 5–98 , p. 8
- ↑ • Albertus Miliolus: Liber de temporibus et aetatibus et cronica imperatorum. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1903, pp. 336–668 , p. 551
- ↑ • Anonymus: E chronico Sancti Stephani Cadomensis. In: Contenant la troisième livraison des monuments des règnes de Saint Louis, de Philippe le Hardi, de Philippe le Bel, de Louis X, de Philippe V et de Charles IV, depuis MCCXXVI, jusqu'en MCCCXXVIII (= Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Paris 1894, pp. 491–492 , p. 492.
- ↑ The source does not specify the place where the unspecified disease(s) occurred. It was probably Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia, because the source was written from this perspective.
- ↑ Since the event took place in winter, it can be assumed with a high degree of credibility that it began in 1278 and lasted until 1279.
- ↑ The term "нeдyгъ" was used in medieval Rusia with the meaning: disease, disability, defect, suffering, torment (Словарь древнерусского языка (XI–XIV вв.), т. III, Мocквa: Институт Pyccкoгo Языкa PAH, 2002, p. 263).
- ↑ Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 152.
- ↑ The source does not specify the place where the unspecified disease(s) occurred. It was probably Vladimir-Suzdalian Rusia, because the source was written from this perspective.
- ↑ Since the event took place in winter, it can be assumed with a high degree of credibility that it began in 1278 and lasted until 1279.
- ↑ The term "нeдyгъ" was used in medieval Rusia with the meaning: disease, disability, defect, suffering, torment (Словарь древнерусского языка (XI–XIV вв.), vol. III, Мocквa: Институт Pyccкoгo Языкa PAH, 2002, p. 263.
- ↑ Симеоновская летопись, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XVIII, Mocквa: Знак, 2007, p. 76.
- ↑ Identical information is provided by: Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, vol. XXV, Mocквa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 152.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Cronica di Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BU 3670 , p. 140
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon imperatorum et pontificum Bavaricum. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1879, pp. 220–225 , p. 224, l. 53,
- ↑ Annales Essenbecenses. In: Erik Kroman: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler. København 1980, p. 281
- ↑ Template:Jaffe 1861, Sp. 209
- ↑ Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 17f.
- ↑ Continuatio Vindobonensis, in: MGH SS 9, ed. Pertz (1851), pp. 698-722, 712, l. 24-26
- ↑ • Albertus Miliolus: Liber de temporibus et aetatibus et cronica imperatorum. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1903, pp. 336–668 , pp. 558-559
- ↑ • Albertus Miliolus: Liber de temporibus et aetatibus et cronica imperatorum. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1903, pp. 336–668 , p. 562
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 754
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 754
- ↑ Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: Árna saga biskups. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka fornritfélag, 1998, p. 136
- ↑ Flateyjarannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 383
- ↑ Lárentíus saga biskups. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: Árna saga biskups. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, p. 230
- ↑ Annales vetustissimi. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 50
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 781
- ↑ • Anonymus: Annales Polonorum IV. a. 899-1327. 1378. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1866, pp. 613–656 , p. 648, l. 28.
- ↑ Fedir Androshchuk and Anna Chel’strem have established that the prince probably suffered from leprosy (Аndrоshchuk Fedīr, Chеl’strеm Anna 2007. “Se zhе byst’ vtоry Iеv″”: bоlеzn’ kniazia Vlаdimirа Vаsil’kоvichа i ee bibеĭskiе pаrаllеli, “Ruthenica” 4, 2007, p. 243-258)
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 587–588, 593-594, 596-597; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
- ↑ Cf. Adrian Jusupović, The Chronicle of Halych-Volhynia and Historical Collections in Medieval Rus’, Leiden-Boston: BRILL 2022, p. 172-173.
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two, translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 107.
- ↑ Annales vetustissimi. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 50
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 862
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 861.
- ↑ • Ptolemaeus Lucensis: Annales Ptolemaeus Lucensis. In: Cronache dei Secoli XIII e XIV (= Documenti di storia italiana. 1). Florence 1876, pp. 35–104 , p. 94
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 849
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon S. Petri Erfordensis moderna (= MGH Scriptores rerum germanicarum). Hahn, Hannover 1899, pp. 150-398 , pp. 287-288
- ↑ • Anonymus: Annales Sancti Rudperti Salisburgensis. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1852, pp. 8–11 , p. 10, l. 18.
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 525-527; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two, translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 96
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 839.
- ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 894.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon Parmense. Ab Anno MXXXVIII usque ad Annum MCCCXXXVIII. (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (RIS²)). S. Lapi, Città di Castello 1902 , p. 51.
- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 260
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 537; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two, translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 98
- ↑ • Anonymus: Cronica di Bologna. Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna, ISBN (Signatur)BU 3670 , pp. 149–150.
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 539; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two, translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 98
- ↑ Fedir Androshchuk and Anna Chel’strem have established that the prince probably suffered from leprosy (Аndrоshchuk Fedīr, Chеl’strеm Anna 2007. “Se zhе byst’ vtоry Iеv″”: bоlеzn’ kniazia Vlаdimirа Vаsil’kоvichа i ee bibеĭskiе pаrаllеli, “Ruthenica” 4, 2007, p. 243-258)
- ↑ Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova Series, Vol. XVI: Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana. Chronica Romanoviciana, ediderunt, praefatione notisque instruxerunt, D. Dąbrowski, A. Jusupović, Kraków-Warszawa 2017, p. 587–588, 593-594, 596-597; See https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/223688/edition/190072/content
- ↑ Cf. Adrian Jusupović, The Chronicle of Halych-Volhynia and Historical Collections in Medieval Rus’, Leiden-Boston: BRILL 2022, p. 172-173.
- ↑ The Hypatian 1973. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex part two, translation, George A. Perfecky, München 1973: Wilhelm Fink Verlag (Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies 16, II), p. 107.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Annales Vindobonenses. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1851, pp. 699–722 , p. 716, l. 40
- ↑ Annales reseniani. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 30
- ↑ Annales regii. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 143
- ↑ Flateyjarannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 385
- ↑ Probably after the spring of 1291, because the events preceding the plague [the flood] took place then.
- ↑ Новгородская первая летопись младшего изводa (Комиссионный список), in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкoй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 327.
- ↑ The Chronicle of Novgorod 1016-1471 translated from the Russian by Robert Michell and Nevill Forbes […] with an Introduction by C. Raymond Beazley. London: Gray’s inn., W.C., 1914 (= Camden Third Series, Vol. XXV), p. 111.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Annales Caesenatenses (= Fonti per la storia dell'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 2003 , p. 51
- ↑ • Anonymus: Annales Polonorum I. a. 965-1325. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1866, pp. 614–656 , p. 652, l. 31.
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