Rome

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In Rome, a total of 26 epidemic events are known so far. It is a city in Italy.

Events

  Date Summary  
Source
Translation
  T
1167, August 14 The army of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa suffers from an epidemic while being near Rome, interpreted as divine punishment for treatment of the Pope.   Sed Deus ab alto cuncta prospectans iniuriam summi regis genitrici eiusque vicario beato Petro illatam nequaquam tulit impune. Extimplo siquidem nebula quedam pestilens ac fetida totum pene exercitum attaminavit, primoque Coloniensem archiepiscopum compluresque episcoporum, duces ac quosque in exercitu prepotentes inficiens sine mora extinxit; eademque mortifera lues regem quasi vitabundum cum reliquiis recedentem prosecuta, nunc hos, nunc illos et illos diversis in locis miro divine ulcionis iudicio, cuique nigro quodam caractere inter scapulas apparente, exanimavit. [1] But God, looking down from on high, by no means allowed the injustice inflicted upon the blessed mother of the supreme king and his vicar, blessed Peter, to go unpunished. Immediately, indeed, a certain pestilent and foul mist contaminated almost the entire army, and it swiftly extinguished the Archbishop of Cologne and several bishops, leaders, and those powerful in the army, infecting them without delay; and this deadly plague, pursuing the king as if fleeing, relentlessly struck him with remnants, now here, now there, and those in various places, with a wondrous judgment of divine vengeance, with a certain black mark appearing between their shoulders, causing them to expire. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1259 Flagellants appear in Bohemia, go through the whole country and come into conflict with the established clergy. Many Bohemians (men and women) go with them. They are persecuted by the Roman Church.   Von gotes geburt her abe / czwelfhundirt gar / vnd dar nach nun vnd funfzcig iar; / Von den, di in der buz / gingin mit dez tufils gruz. / vnd der sel ein swer val / vndir einer neuwen tat / waz czu licht komen drat, / in dem vorgnantin iar / czu Behem quam fur war. / Do gingin blose leut / durch daz gancze lant wit, / di indecktin dy ruk / vf er cleins gluk / vnd slugin sich mit geisziln / den ruk voln kreiszil. / Si stracktin sich in daz kot, / vnd daz waz der sel tot. / Gotis dinst si smechtin, / di pristirschaf si echtin; / si sprachin: "Vnsir buzze ist der sel suzse / vnd beszir, wen vwir schrein." / Si hiszin laszin sin / gotis ampt vor nit, / und daz tetin dy lut. / Di bemisch herrin / sohin si von verrin / also durch daz lant gen. / Si sprachin zcu den: / "Wi turt er daz getun / an vnsir viszin iczun?" / Mit in gingin si bi nom / vnd slugin sich alsom. / Di frouwen in irn scharin / sach man alsam gebarin; / si tetin als di gouch / vnd geisiltin sich ouch. / Hettin si gewolt, / daz ez der sel frumen solt, / so soltin si ez bi tagin / czu buz intphangin habin / von den pristirn gelesin; / so wer ez der sel nucz gewesin. / Abir dy erstin nacktin / bosen vorsacz trachtin, / wan si slugin sich ser / vm den tufil Lucifer, / daz der gar vngenem / uf sinen stul widir quem. / Vnd do von in dysze mer / virnomen dy Romer, / si in aln czu stur / gabin ein buz mit dem fur / als andern keczern, / di si woltin mern. / Di keczir sint mit ganczir ger / des tufils diner, / vnd daz warn dy. / Dar vm offintin si / ir heilkeit misstetlich, / daz schied si von dem himilrich. [2] After the birth of God in the twelfhundred and fifty ninth year; of those who went in penitence with the salute of the devil. Doing their souls no good choice by this new deed that came to light in the named year in Bohemia. Naked people went through the whole land. They covered their backs with beatings by whips. They layed down in excrement and that was the death for their souls. They reviled the devine service and the clergy and they said: "Our penitence is the food of the soul and it is better than your shouting." They demanded the devine service to stop and the people did so. The Bohemian lords saw them go through the land from far and said: "How come they do this without our knowledge?" But they went with them and beated themselves. The flock of the women behaved likewise: they did the same and joined them. If they had wanted to help their souls they should have received the order of penitence by day and from the priests. But those nakeds had a bad scheme from the beginning: They beated themselves hard in order to bring the devil Lucifer back on his throne. When the Romans came to know of them, they let them atone by fire as they did with other heretics. The heretics are with their whole desire servants of the devil and so they were. Therein they advertised their failed holiness and this seperated them from the kingdom of heaven. (Translation: Christian Oertel)
1276, July – 1276, October Months of continuous rain destroys crops, famine feared; livestock dies, famine, disease and deaths in Rome and throughout Italy   Eodem tempore [1276] quasi per totum mensem Julij, Augusti, Septembris & Octobris Deus tantum pluit super terram in Italia, quod quasi omnes segetes de Plano guastatae sunt & perditae, & timetur multum de caristia temporis in Italia, & propter multas aquas quasi omnes boves & vaccae & oves & caprae mortuae sunt in Italia, & Romae, & in illis partibus magnae fames, infirmitates, & mortalitates hominum et personarum etiam fuerunt [3] (Translation needed)
1285 Epidemics near Parma and Rome with many deaths.   De magna mortalitate hominum que in diversis partibus mundi fuit. Item, millesimo supraposito, in villa Pupilii, que est in episcopatu Parmensi, infra tres menses LXXX homines mortui sunt. Nam ista est regula generalis sive argumentum probatum, ut quotiens boum precedit mortalitas, totiens sequenti anno hominum mortalitas subsequatur. Et eodem millesimo in urbe Romana maxima fuit mortalitas et infirmitas, ita ut mitrati inter abbates et episcopos a Pascha usque ad Assumptionem beate Virginis sub papa Honorio quarto XXIIII morerentur. [4] About the great mortality of men which occurred in various parts of the world. Likewise, in the aforementioned year, in the village of Pupilii, which is in the diocese of Parma, within three months, eighty men died. For this is a general rule or proven argument, that as often as there is a mortality among cattle, so often in the following year there follows a mortality among men. And in the same year, there was a great mortality and sickness in the city of Rome, so that between Easter and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, twenty-four mitred abbots and bishops died under Pope Honorius IV. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1349, February 20 Three canons in Oslo announce that Bothild Arnesdatter ceded 12 öresbol (landed property with the rental value of 12 öre per year) in Faluvold in Nes Parish in Romerike to her husband Olaf Peterssön in order to go on a pilgrimage to Rome. Peterssön in turn sold the estate to the newly built St Sebastian's Altar in St Halvards Church in Oslo   Ollum monnum þæim sæm þetta bref sea ædr hœyra senda Æirik Œystæins son Haluarder Biærnar son Arnulfuer Stæinars son korsbrœdr j Oslo q. g. ok sina kunnikt gerande at ver varom j hia j garde varom brœdranna a friadaghen nesta firir Mathios messo anno domini mo. ccco. xlo. nono saam ok hœyrdom at Bottilder Arna dotter gaf ok afhendi Olafue Peters syni husbonda sinum xii aura boll j Faluuælli er ligger auster medr aani j Ness sokn medr ollum lunnindum sæm till liggia eder leget hafua fra forno ok nyu vttan gardz ok innan honom till Rumfærdar ok samstundis seldi fyrnemfder Olafuer medr ja ok handarbande altare hins hælgha Sebastiani er nybygt er j kirkiu hins hælga Haluardz j hender æreleghs manz sira Gyrdz Asla sonar sambrodor vars firir half fimtu mark ræidu gangs penigha huart œyris boll medr samþykt skylrikz manz Þronda Kraka sonar logmanz j kononghs garde er settir ero ok samþyktir ok lystir vmbods men vm þa almoso ok salo hialper sæm gefner ero ok gefuazdz kan till fyrnemfdz sancti Sebastiani altares honom at hagnyta ok till nytsæmdar venda sæm þæir sia firir gudi at haglaste se. jattade ok en Botilder medr handarbande ef fyrnemfd jord Falu uoller verder æighi friollss æder j

nokorom lutt amaghæt skall oftnæmft altare æigha xii aura boll j Folmo er ligger j samre sokn medr ollum foruord ok skilmala sæm seghir ok till sannynda þessa þæira kaups ok vare hiauero settum vær var insigli firir þetta bref er gort var deghi are ok stad sæm fyr seghir. [5]

(Translation: Carina Damm)
1350 Black Death around the world. Jubilee year and indulgence in Rome   Annus jubileus fuit et magne indulgencie in Roma, remissio videlicet omnium peccatorum. Item maxima epidemia toto illo anno fuit per totum mundum [6] It was a jubilee year and a great indulgence in Rome, namely the remission of all sins. Also, there was a great epidemic throughout the whole world that year. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1350 The Plague took place in Bohemia and many who fled to Rome (jubilee year) to escape it died there or on the way.   Anno Domini MCCCL in pluribus terris epydimia sive pestilencia genus humanum devastavit, sed tunc in Boemia eciam locum habebat, quam ob rem multi effugere volentes Romam iter arripuerunt et tamen ipsam non evaserunt. Unde de iis idem potest dici versus: Incidit in Cillam volens vitare Caribdim. Verumtamen securius et melius fuit eis ad animarum salutem in peregrinacione decedere, quam in propria patria in periculis manere. Et quia iste annus erat annus gracie et iubileus, multi Romam transeuntes pro indulgencia et gracia obtinenda de hac vita migraverunt: quidam in urbe Romana, quidam vero ab ipsa recedentes, quidam ad eandem accedentes. [7] In the year of our Lord 1350, in many lands, an epidemic or plague devastated the human race, and at that time it also took place in Bohemia, for which reason many desiring to escape undertook a journey to Rome, yet they did not escape it. Hence concerning them the same thing can be said as the verse: "He fell into Scylla wishing to avoid Charybdis." However, it was safer and better for them to depart on a pilgrimage for the salvation of souls than to remain in their own country in danger. And because this year was a year of grace and jubilee, many passing through Rome for the sake of obtaining indulgence and grace migrated from this life: some within the city of Rome, some coming from there, some approaching it. (Translation: Christian Oertel) (with the assistance of ChatGPT 3.5)
1350 Jubilee year in Rome. A grave pestilence happened in all lands. Everybody wanted to evade the plague and receive indulgence in Rome but many died on the way or in the Holy City.   Iste fuit annus gracie et iublileus in Romana, unde per totum hunc annum fuit maximus concursus illuc hominum ex omnibus mundi partibus pro gracia et indulgencia obtinendis. Et quia pestilencia erat gravissima in omnibus terris, omnes volentes penitere et mortem effugere, illuc properabant. Multi eundo et redeundo et ibi morando mortui sunt. [8] In this year there was celebrated a Jubilee year of grace in Rome and throught the whole year, a great number of people from all parts of the world travelled there to receive grace and indulgence. And since the plague was most grave in all lands everybody hurried to do penance and avoid the death. Many died on the way to and from [Rome] and while staying there. (Translation: Christian Oertel)
1369, August After having been crowned empress in Rome earlier this year, Elisabeth (of Pomerania) returns to Prague on August 20 where she is ceremonially received. Because there is pestilence in Bohemia, the emperor, Charles IV, returns after the celebration to Lombardy. The pestilence raged during the whole year and with the greatest intensity in the regions towards Austria.   Eodem anno die XX mensis Augusti domina Elizabeth, Romanorum imperatrix, hoc anno, ut supra dicitur, Rome per manus domini pape coronata, Pragam venit et cum omni solempnitate a clero et populo in civitate et ecclesia Pragensi suscipitur. Imperator vero, quia pestilencia erat in Bohemia, postquam reversus est de Lombardia. [...] Eodem anno, ut supra meminimus, permitente Deo propter peccata populi fuit maxima pestilencia in Boemia, et precipue in plaga illa versus Austriam, et duravit per annum integrum. Et cum appropinquaret Pragam et ibidem incepisset eciam invalescere, indicte sunt processiones et ieiunia, et placatus est dominus Deus paciens et multum misericors, et cessavit continuo pestilenciam. [9] In this year at the 20th day of the month of August, Lady Elizabeth, empress of the Romans, who in this year, as said above, had been crowned in Rome by the hands of the pope, returned to Prague and was received with all solemnity by the clergy and the people in the city and in the church of Prague. The emperor, however, because there was a pestilence in Bohemia, had returned to Lombardy afterwards. [...] In the same year, as mentioned above, by God's permission due to the sins of the people, there was a great pestilence in Bohemia, especially in that region towards Austria, and it lasted for a whole year. And when it approached Prague and began to intensify there, processions and fasts were instituted, and the Lord God, patient and very merciful, was appeased, and the pestilence ceased immediately. (Translation: Christian Oertel)
1390
VN: 300.000 		Great mortality in Rome, in Metz and in Liège.   In diebus illis fuit magna mortalitas hominum Rome et eciam Metis, specialiter supra Leodium. Dominus enim papa propter brevitatem vite humanae reduxerat quinquagesimum annum indulgenciarum ad XXXIII annos. Unde propter indulgencias multi peregrini et clerici hoc anno iruerunt Romam. Et nescio si ex corruptione aeris vel occulto Dei judicio propter multitudinem populi illuc convenientis fuit tunc tempus ibi carum in victualibus specialiter in pane, et magna mortalitas hominum ita quod plusquam CCC milia hominum ibi obierunt, ut famabatur. Ymmo etiam dominus papa Bonifacius fuit percussus illa infirmitate, sed per misericordiam Dei evasit et fugit usque Griet. [10] At that time, there was a great mortality in Rome, in Metz and especially in Liege. Understanding to the brevity of human life, the Pope reduced the jubilee cycle from 50 years to 33 years. Because of this new indulgences, many pilgrims and clerics went to Rome. And, I do not know if this happened because of a corrupted air or because of a secret divine judgment, but because of the multitude of pilgrims the price of food, especially bread, increased a lot. There was also a great mortality, so that it is said that 300,000 people died. Even Pope Boniface was affected by this disease, but thanks to God he escaped. (Translation: Thomas Labbé)
1435, August 26 Recurring epidemics in Rome   Johannes Payr (Paye) laic. Wratislav. dioc., litig. in R. cur. coram Johanne Walling aud. sup. certa summa pec. contra Antonium Petri rect. par. eccl. s. Andree de Urbe vulneratus in Urbe a quodam rect. par. eccl. (qui rect. postea condempnatus est a certis audd., inter quos Johannes Walling, ut ipsi J. P. 10 fl. in recompensam solvat, sed propter guerras et pestes in Urbe vigentes nimium depauperatus est quin solvat [11] Johannes Payr (Paye), a layperson of the Diocese of Wrocław, litigating in the Roman Curia before Johannes Walling, auditor on a certain sum of money against Antonius Petri, the rector of the parish church of S. Andrea in Rome. He was wounded in Rome by a certain rector of a parish church (who was later condemned by certain auditors, among them Johannes Walling), so that the said Johannes Payr would pay 10 florins in compensation. However, due to the wars and prevailing plagues in Rome, he is so impoverished that he cannot pay.. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1438, November 28 A number of German priests flees the Roman curia because of a ravaging plague   Arnoldus Cuper Arnoldus (Arnaldus) Cuper (Cupere) (de Embrica) et Nicolaus Vighe cler. Colon. dioc., Johannes Dorenborch al. Muleken cler. Monast. dioc., Ruthgerus Kock cler. Colon. dioc., Borchardus Truytelaet cler. Hildesem. dioc., Engelbertus de Marcka cler. Leod. dioc., Mathias Veyt cler. Eistet. dioc., Albertus Gertener cler. Magunt. dioc., Petrus Doenen cler. Magunt. dioc., Adrianus Martini de Breda cler. Leod. dioc., famm. D[ominici de Capranica] s. Marie in via lata diac. card., qui propter pestem a R. cur. ultra term. se absentaverunt [12] Arnoldus Cuper (de Embrica), and Nicolaus Vighe, clerics of the Diocese of Cologne; Johannes Dorenborch, also known as Muleken, cleric of the Diocese of Münster; Ruthgerus Kock, cleric of the Diocese of Cologne; Borchardus Truytelaet, cleric of the Diocese of Hildesheim; Engelbertus de Marcka, cleric of the Diocese of Liège; Mathias Veyt, cleric of the Diocese of Eichstätt; Albertus Gertener, cleric of the Diocese of Mainz; Petrus Doenen, cleric of the Diocese of Mainz; Adrianus Martini de Breda, cleric of the Diocese of Liège; familiares of Domenico de Capranica, cardinal of S. Maria in Via Lata, have been absent beyond the established term from the Roman Curia due to the plague. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1442, January 8 A German cleric in Rome suffers from a incurable disease   Nicolaus Johannis Carpentarii conversus domus fr. s. Clementis de Urbe o. s. Ambrosii infirmitate incurabili ex certo morbo pestifero patiens, ex quo n. valuit intrare aliquod mon. o. s. Aug. in Germania [13] Nicolaus Johannis Carpentarii, a convert of the house of the Augustinian Friars of S. Clemente in Rome, suffering from an incurable illness due to a certain pestiferous disease, which prevented him from entering any monastery of the Order of Saint Augustine in Germany. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1450 Jubilee year and grave pestilence in Rome   Anno Domini mcdl°. Fuit Rome annus iubileus et magna pestilencia. [14] The year of our Lord 1450. In Rome there was jubilee year and a great pestilence. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1456, October 21 A German fleeing Rome to Siena because of plague   Henricus Krull bac. in leg. mag. in art. qui se peste in Urbe vigente p. 9 dies ad civit. Senarum transtulit [15] Heinrich Krull, Bachelor in Law and Master of Arts, who, during the prevalence of the plague in the city, transferred himself to the city of Siena for 9 days. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1457, January 27 A German fleeing Rome because of plague   Paulus de Gerisheim mag. in theol. art. et theol. mag. de civit. Colon. natus: de indulto presencialitatis pro curialibus propter pestem recessis 27 ian. 1457 [16] Paulus de Gerisheim, Master in Theology and Master of Arts, born in the city of Cologne: granted the privilege of presence for curial duties and departed due to the plague on 27 January 1457. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1457, March 26 A German fleeing Rome because of plague   Paulus Nunner cler. Eistet. dioc. lic. in decr. qui se propter pestem a cur. absentavit [17] Paulus Nunner, cleric of the Diocese of Eichstätt, licentiate in canon law, who withdrew from the curia due to the plague. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1465, December 13 Plague death of a laymen in the diocese of Turku in 1465 and penitential issued in Rome on 12 December 1465. Unsatisfied with the layman’s work, the Dominican friar Henricus Bella from the diocese of Turku had once assaulted the later plague victim who had been responsible for the maintenance of the organ bellows. After having received five blows with a stick on the back, the layman was struck down three days later with a pestilent abscess in his left armpit. Considering the absence of bruises after the blows and a plague wave in Southern Finland at that time, it was considered that the layman had died because of the inflamed abscess and not from the priest’s ill-treatment.   Tertio vero die sub assella sinistra dictus laicus apostemate pestilentiali fuit percussus. Cum pestis ibidem vigerit et super verberibus baculi huiusmodi nichil lesionis rubei sive lividi per examinem deputatum extitit eventum sed ex inflatione dicti apostematis ingressus est viam carnis universe. [18] On the third day, the said layman was struck with a pestilential abscess under the left armpit. With the pestilence raging there, and upon the whippings of the staff, no red or bruised lesion of this kind was found, as was determined by the examination. Rather, from the inflation of the said abscess, it had entered the way of the flesh. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1485, June 11 Franciscus, Bishop of Anagni, grants Magnus Johansson, a priest of the Diocese of Turku, permission to change a made vow to another pious act. Magnus was maddened by the plague and severe pain when, at the suggestion of his friends and without reason, he made a vow to enter a monastery if he recovered. He recovered but did not remember the promise his friends told him about.   Magnus Iohannis presbyter Aboensis diocesis exponit, quod, cum quadam pestifera infirmitate et ex vehementi dolore demens fuisset, sugestione quorundam amicorum circumstantium et non iudicio rationis vovit, ut, si ab hac infirmitate liberaretur, aliquam ex religionibus approbatis ingrediretur. Deinde bene convaluit et voti inmemor nisi ex relatione dictorum amicorum nec eundem ratum neque gratum habuit. Petit, <quatenus> votum huiusmodi in alia pietatis opera mutari mandare dignemini de gratia speciali. Fiat de speciali et expresso. Franciscus episcopus Ananiensis regens. [19] Magnus Ioannis, a priest of the diocese of Åbo, explains that, having been demented by a certain pestilential infirmity and from intense pain, he vowed at the suggestion of some friends around him, and not by judgment of reason, that if he were freed from this infirmity, he would enter one of the approved religions. After that he recovered well, and did not remember his vow except from the report of the said friends, and he had neither approved nor endorsed this. He asks that, in so far as a vow of this kind be changed into other works of piety, he should not deign to command a special grace. Let it be special and pronounced. Francis the reigning bishop of Anagni. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1486, August 5 The Swedish laymen Magnus “Pigerii” (perhaps Birgersson), the servant of the knight Åke from the diocese of Strängnäs, dies of the plague in 1486 in Åkerö. Earlier, Magnus had been attacking Nicolaus Finvidi, a cleric from the diocese of Linköping in Kalmar who, in order to defend himself, had thrown a stone at Magnus. Even though Magnus confirmed on his deathbed Nicolaus’ innocence, Magnus’ relatives obtained that Nicolaus was summoned to appear in court. This penitential issued in Rome in 1486 by regent Julianus, bishop of Bertinoro, refers the case to the local bishop and authorizes him to declare Nicolaus innocent.   Et deinde post aliquot septimanas, antequam ex peste epidemica ibidem tactus nature sue debitum persolvisset, denuo in ultimis suis similiter inquisitus dictum exponentem illius mortis causam minime fuisse neque esse dixit et excusavit. [20] And then after some weeks, before he had paid his debt by nature, touched there by an epidemic pestilence, again, in his last words, he [= Magnus] was similarly investigated and said that there was no reason for that death, and he apologized. (Translation: Carina Damm)

References

  1. ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon S. Petri Erfordensis moderna (= MGH Scriptores rerum germanicarum). Hahn, Hannover 1899, pp. 150-398 , p. 184
  2. ↑ Di tutsch kronik von Behem lant, ed. Vlastimil Brom, Brno 2009, pp. 504-508
  3. ↑ • Giovanni Mussi: Chronicon Placentinum ab a. CCXXII usque ad a. MCCCCII (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milano 1730, pp. 447–634 , p. 480
  4. ↑ • Salimbene De Adam: Cronica / Salimbene de Adam (= Scrittori d'Italia). Bari 1966 , p. 849
  5. ↑ DN II, no. 298. In: Chr. C. A. Lange, C. R. Unger: Diplomatarium Norvegicum. Vol. 2. Christiania 1851, p. 246
  6. ↑ Annales Scanici Sialandie. In: Ellen Jørgensen: Annales Danici medii ævi. København 1920, p. 189
  7. ↑ Francis of Prague, Chronicon Francisci Pragensi, ed. Jana Zachová, Prague 1997, p. 212.
  8. ↑ Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 520
  9. ↑ Beneš Krabice of Weitmil, Cronica ecclesie Pragensis, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. IV, ed. Emler (1884), pp. 457-548, 539f.
  10. ↑ • Anonymus: La chronique liégeoise de 1402. Kiessling et Cie, Brussels , p. 417
  11. ↑ RG Online, RG V 05313, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  12. ↑ RG Online, RG V 00478, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  13. ↑ RG Online, RG V 07098, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  14. ↑ Claes Gejrot: Vadstenadiariet. Latinsk text med översättning och kommentar. Stockholm 1996, p. 262
  15. ↑ RG Online, RG VII 00888, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  16. ↑ RG Online, RG VII 02340, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  17. ↑ RG Online, RG VII 02350, URL: Repertorium Germanicum Online
  18. ↑ Sara Risberg, Kirsi Salonen, and Riksarkivet. Auctoritate Papae: The Church Province of Uppsala and the Apostolic Penitentiary 1410-1526. Acta Pontificum Suecica 2. Stockholm 2008, p. 116.
  19. ↑ Sara Risberg, Kirsi Salonen, and Riksarkivet. Auctoritate Papae: The Church Province of Uppsala and the Apostolic Penitentiary 1410-1526. Acta Pontificum Suecica 2. Stockholm 2008, p. 290
  20. ↑ Sara Risberg, Kirsi Salonen, and Riksarkivet. Auctoritate Papae: The Church Province of Uppsala and the Apostolic Penitentiary 1410-1526. Acta Pontificum Suecica 2. Stockholm 2008, p. 293
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