Pentecost

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In Pentecost, a total of 15 epidemic events are known so far.

Locations and Spreading

  Date Summary  
Source
Translation
  T
1320, December 25 – 1321, June 7
VN: 15.000 		In 1320 there was a great inflation followed by famine and plague in almost all lands (particularlay in Flanders and Bohemia) which caused 15.000 deaths only between Christmas 1320 and Pentecost 1321.   MCCCXX Hic cessauit caristia magna et strages, qua precedentibus tribus annis homines multi in valescente fame et pestilencia magna quasi in vniuersa terra mortui sunt et precipue in Flandria, in Boemia, in monte Kettero a festo natiuitatis Christi usque pentecostes XV milia wlgi solummodo mortui sunt exceptis dinitibus et mediocribus, quorum multi fame et pestilencia perierunt. [1] (Translation needed)
1334, May 15 – 1334, November 30 Great mortality in the south of France, in Languedoc and Aquitaine   En cest an vraiement, fut grant planté de blefz et de vins, et très grande mortalité de gens tant en Languedoc, en Thoulouse, en Caours, en Avignon, en Gascoigne, et comme en France et ailleurs. Et commencha ceste mortalité environ la Penthecouste, et dura environ la saint Andrieu ensuivant. [2] This year has been very fruitful in cereals and wines. But a great mortality occured in Languedoc, near Toulouse, Cahors, Avignon and in Gascogne; likewise in France and elsewhere. This mortality began around Pentecost sunday (15 May) and lasted until André Day (30 November). (Translation: Thomas Labbé)
1347, February Famine and afterwards mortality in Avignon (fasting period until Whitsun).   Anno Domini MCCCXLVII in quadragesima et inter pascha et pentecosten circa Avionem propter gwerrarum rabiosam inundacionem circumquaque exortam fames exicialis et prevalida facta est, propter quam innumerabiles populi morte repentina extincti dicebantur. In tantum eciam mortalitas famem horrendam subsecuta seviebat, quod in plateis, vicis et in sterquiliniis prostrati miserabiliter iacuerunt. [3] In the year of our Lord 1347, during Lent and between Easter and Pentecost, near Avignon, due to the violent outbreak of war, a devastating famine arose everywhere, causing countless people to be struck down by sudden death. Such a terrible mortality ensued from the famine that people were said to be dying innumerable deaths. To such an extent did the deadly famine rage, that people miserably lay prostrate in the streets, alleys, and dung heaps. (Translation: DeepL)
1348, June 8 The Danish nobleman Albert v. Osten donates a homestead and land to Sorø Abbey on Zealand in the memory of his deceased brothers   Den velbyrdige mand Albert v. Osten skænkede med from tanke på sine afdøde brødre Godfred og Wedekin, kaldet v. Osten, og med sin hustru Gretes samtykke en toft i Sønder Mern med en øre skyldjord i tilliggende til klostret med al kongelig ret, skat og tjenesteydelser, som skyldes deraf, at forblive i klostrets evige besiddelse for hans, hans hustrus og nævnte brødres synders skyld. Han gav også den, der boede på denne toft, fri ret til sammen med hans andre undergivne at fælde træ i hans skov sammesteds til bygninger og til arnested. I det Herrens år 1348 pinsedag. [4] The benevolent man Albert von Osten, with pious thought of his deceased brothers Godfred and Wedekin, called von Osten, and with his wife Grete's consent, donated a homestead in Sønder Mern with a penny of debtland belonging to the monastery with all royal rights, taxes and services due thereto, to remain in the monastery's eternal possession for his, his wife's and said brothers' sins. He also gave the one who lived on this homestead the free right, together with his other subjects, to cut wood in his forest there for buildings and for hearths. In the year of our Lord 1348 Pentecost. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1350, May 16 – 1350, September 29 The Black Death strikes Magdeburg and neighbouring territories, a great mortality arisies for almost four months; numbers are given for the Franciscan order. There is a plague pit in Rottersdorf, outside the city.   In dissem sulven jare [1350] erhof sik ein grot sterven in disser stad to hant pingsten und stunt wente na sunte Michels dage und starf untellich volk, dat men se up den kerkhof nicht al graven konde: men moste alle dage utvoren mit twen karen und mit einem wagen und grof grote kulen to Rotterstorp, dar warp men se in. […] Mi jammert to schrivende vand drosnisse und schaden, den Magdeborch nam van den sterven. De wisesten and bedervesten dusser stadt alsmeistich vorgingen, wente ed storven leien und papen, olden und junge, rike und arme. Dat stervent was hir nicht alleine to Magdeborch, ed was ok over al disse land. De barvoten spreken na der tid dat ut orem orden weren storven allein hundert dusent verundtwintech dusten veirhundert und drittech brodere. Hi bi mach men merken wat leien storvent sint in dem jare, nu in einen orden so vele brodere storven. Hir in dem barvoten clostere bleven nicht mehr wenn dre broder levendich. Ik was ok in einen hus sulftegede, dar blef ik sulfandere levendich und achte storven. Ik horde ok sedder seggen dat den Augustineren weren des jares worden twelf schock vruwencleidere to selegered und manscleidere. [5] In that same year [1350] there was a great mortality in this town from Pentecost to St Michael's Day and countless people died so that they could no longer be buried in the churchyards. Every day they had to go out with carts and a wagon and make large ditches in Rottersdorf; the dead were thrown into them. [...] It is difficult for me to write about all the sadness and the damage that Magdeburg suffered from this mortality. The brightest and the most needy of this city perished to a large extent. Laymen and priests, old and young, rich and poor died. The dying was not unique to Magdeburg, it was everywhere in the country. The Franciscans said afterwards that 124,430 friars from their order alone died. This may give you an idea of how many lay people died that year if so many friars died in one order alone. Here in the Franciscan monastery, no more than three friars remain alive. I myself was present in a house where I and one other remained alive and eight died. I also heard myself say that the Augustinian monks received 1200 pieces of clothing from men and women that year as a testamentary donation for the salvation of souls. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1361, March 3 – 1361, July 25
VN: 17.000 		The Pestis secunda hits Avignon worse than the Black Death, with 17.000 victims, including 1000 bishops and five cardinals.   Item eodem anno (1361) invaluit iterato pestilencia Avinione magna, ita quod a festo pasce usque ad pentecosten et ad festum Iacobi apostoli moriebantur ibidem circa septemdecim milia hominum, inter quos fuerunt centum episcopi et quinque cardinales. Et ex hac maior fuit disperacio in curia quam supra de pestilencia, que sub papa Clemente. [6] Likewise, in the same year (1361), a severe pestilence once again ravaged Avignon, to the extent that from Easter until Pentecost and the feast of St. James the Apostle, around seventeen thousand people died there, among whom were one hundred bishops and five cardinals. And from this, there was greater despair in the court than from the previous pestilence during the time of Pope Clement. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1380, May 13 – 1380, September 28 Great mortality in Bohemia which lasted from Pentecost (May 13) to the day of St Wenceslas (September 28).   Anno Domini 1380 incepit mortalitas magna in terra Bohemie circa festum Penthecostes et duravit usque ad festum sancti Wenczeslai. [7] In the year of the Lord 1380 a great mortality came to Bohemiae around the feast of Pentecost and it lasted until the feast of St Wenceslas. (Translation: Christian Oertel)
1380, March 25 – 1380, May 13 Outbreak of an zoonotic in chicken, so the electors in Frankfurt had no eggs and chicken to eat.   In illibus diebus inter festa pasche et pentecostes (1380) convenerunt Franckfordie Wentzelaus rex et principes electores [...] Eo tempore fuit in tota illa regione pestilencia mortalitatis gallinarum, ita quod principes Franckenfordie commorantes non commedebant de gallinis et raro de ovis, que omnino erant exosa, que semper antea fuerunt grata pro esu; eciam infimi et ignobiles spernebant esum gallinarum. [8] In those days between Easter and Pentecost (1380), King Wenceslaus and the elector princes gathered in Frankfurt ... At that time, there was throughout that region a pestilence among chickens, so much so that the princes residing in Frankfurt did not eat chicken and rarely ate eggs, which were entirely loathed, though they had always been cherished for consumption; even the lowly and ignoble scorned the consumption of chickens. (Translation: Martin Bauch); for german transl.[9]
1413, June 12 A procession is organized in Montpellier to protect the city from the plague that rages in the region of Lodève and Agde.   Item, dilhus a XII del mes de jun, que fonc l’endeman de Pantacosta, se fes en esta vila una honorabla [...] per quatre ho per sinc cauzas : la una, que Nostre Senhor, per la sieuna sancta misericordia, lo poble d’esta vila vuelha preservar de mortalitat et de la pestilencia de la impedimia que renha de present en Lotves et en Agades et en diverses autres luox a nos circumvicis. [10] Monday, June 12 (1413), which was the day after Pentecost, was organized in our city a worthy, holy and devout general procession [...] for four or five grounds: the first, that Our Lord, by His holy mercy, will preserve the people of this city of death and of the plague epidemic which rages at present in Lodévois, Agathois and in various other places of our neighborhood. (Translation: Thomas Labbé)
1425, May 27 Epidemics in Moscow and other cities.   [6933] А съ Троицина дни почать быти моръ на Москвѣ; а пришелъ отъ Нѣмецъ въ Пьсковъ, а оттолѣ въ Новъгородъ, такоже доиде и до Москвы и на всю землю Рускую. [11] (1425) From the day of Pentecost(May 27)[12] there was an epidemic in Moscow. It came from the Germans to Pskov and from there to Novgorod, and so it reached Moscow and the whole Rus lands. (Translation: Adrian Jusupovic)
1428, May 23 – 1428, December 25 A plague strikes Limburg.   Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo octavo fuit magna pestilencia in Limpurg a festo penthecostes usque ad nativitatem Cristi. [13] In the year of our Lord 1428, there was a great pestilence in Limburg from Pentecost until the Nativity of Christ. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1484, July 25 – 1484, September 29 A mortality strikes Magdeburg and the surroundings, higher social strata and young women particularly affected.   Im selben jar (1484) war auch hir gros sterben, war ein landtsterben, und fing an umb Jacobi und werhete bis auf Michaelis. In diesem sterben storben viel vornehmer leut und sonderlich viel jungfrawen. Andere schreiben, dis sterben hab angefangen umb pfingsten und gewerhet bis Martini. [14] In the same year (1484) there was a great dying here, and throughout the country. It began around St James' Day and ended on St Michael's Day. Many noble people and especially many young women died as a result of this plague. Others wrote that the deaths began around Pentecost and lasted until St Martin's Day. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1498, June 6 A procession is organized in Metz to prevent the city against an epidemic of rubeola and properieulle (?). Mortality among children and adults.   Item, le mercerdy des festes de la Pentecotte, qui fut le VIe jour de jung, on fit une procession générale [...] en priant Dieu que voloit garder les biens de la terre, et garder la cité et le pays de guerre, et les corps humains de pestillence. Car tous les einffans devenoient mallades et de rougerieulle et de la propérieulle, et en mouroit beaucop, et morut des grans gens aussy. [15] On Wenesday after the Pentecost, the 6th of June, was held a procession [...] praying God to keep safe the agricultural goods, to prevent the country of the war, and human bodies of pestilence. Every children became actually sick with 'rougerieulle' and 'properieulle', and a lot of them died, as did some adult too. (Translation: Thomas Labbé)

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous, Annalen des Klosters Colbatz, in: Pommersches Urkundenbuch 1, 2, ed. Prümers (1877), pp. 467-492, p.486f.
  2. ↑ • Anonymus: Chronique Parisienne anonyme de 1316 à 1339. In: Memoires de la Société de l’histoire de Paris et de l’Île-de-France. 11, 1884 , p. 161
  3. ↑ • Johannes von Winterthur: Chronik / Johannes von Winterthur. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924 , p. 270.
  4. ↑ C. A. Christensen, K. Friis Johansen: Danmarks Riges Breve. 3rd series, volume 3, 1348-1352. København 1963, p. 15
  5. ↑ • Heinrich von Lammespringe: Die Magdeburger Schöppenchronik (= Chroniken der Deutschen Städte). Hirzel, Leipzig 1869 , pp. 218-219.
  6. ↑ • Heinrich Taube von Selbach: Chronica imperatorum et paparum. In: Die Chronik Heinrichs Taube von Selbach mit den von ihm verfassten Biographien Eichstätter Bischöfe (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores rerum Germanicarum N.S.,). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1922, pp. 1-120 , p. 88.
  7. ↑ Anonymous, Chronicon Bohemiae Lipsiense, ed. J. Emler (Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. VII, s.a.) p. 5-8, p. 5.
  8. ↑ • Anonymus: Chronicon Moguntinum. In: Chronicon Moguntinum (= MGH SSrG. 2). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1882, pp. 1-90 , p. 46.
  9. ↑ • Johannes Kungstein: Mainzer Chronik 1346 bis 1406 – Chronicon Moguntinum. Festgabe für Anton Issel (= Lebendiges Rheinland-Pfalz). Mainz 2009 , p. 70.
  10. ↑ • Anonymus: Équipe projet Thalamus, Édition critique numérique du manuscrit AA9 des Archives municipales de Montpellier dit Le Petit Thalamus. , http://thalamus.huma-num.fr/annales-occitanes/annee-1413.html (20 April 2020).
  11. ↑ Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 93.
  12. ↑ See Bronisław Włodarski, Chronologia Polska, Warszawa 2007: PWN, p. 382.
  13. ↑ • Tilemann Elen von Wolfhagen: Die Limburger Chronik des Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen. (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Deutsche Chroniken (MGH. Dt. Chron.)). Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1883 , Limburger Annalen, p. 114
  14. ↑ • Heinrich von Lammespringe: Die Magdeburger Schöppenchronik (= Chroniken der Deutschen Städte). Hirzel, Leipzig 1869 , p. 417.
  15. ↑ • Jean Aubrion: Journal de Jean Aubrion, bourgeois de Metz, avec sa continuation par Pierre Aubrion (1465–1512). F. Blanc, Metz , p. 405
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