Lent

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In Lent, a total of 11 epidemic events are known so far.

Locations and Spreading

  Date Summary  
Source
Translation
  T
1092, November 14 – 1093 Epidemic in the whole Rus.   В си же времена [1092] мнози ч[е]л[о]в[ѣ]ци оумираху различнъıмї недугъı, ӕкоже гл[агола]ху продающе корстъı: ӕко продахомъ корстъı ѡт[ъ] Ѳилипова дне до мѧсопуста з҃ тъıсѧчь. Се же бы(с)[ть] за грѣхъı наша, ӕко үмножишасѧ грѣсї наши [и] неправдъı; се же наведе на ны Б[ог]ъ, велѧ на(м)[ъ] имѣти покаӕньѥ и въстѧгнутисѧ ѡт[ъ] грѣха, и ѡт[ъ] зависти, и ѡт[ъ] прочихъ злъıхъ дѣлъ неприӕзнинъ. [1] At the same time [1092], many died of various diseases, so that the undertakers asserted that in the interval between St. Philip's Day[2] and Lent[3] they had sold seven thousand coffins. This misfortune was occasioned by our sins, because our transgressions and our unrighteousness had increased. God brought this calamity upon us as a summons to repent and to renounce sin, envy, and other evil works of the devil. [4]
1092, November – 1093, February
VN: 7000 		A plague in Rusia, perhaps it's specifically about Polotsk.[5]   O мopy. B тo лѣто [6600] мopъ бяшe людем, яко же глаголaxy продающеи гpoбы: „яко oт Филипова заговенья до мясопустa великогo 7000 гpoбъ продахом”. Ce жe вce бысть гpexъ paди нашиx. [6] About the plague. This year [6600] plague was among the people. As the coffin sellers said: "we sold 7,000 coffins from Philip's Fast to Lent[7]." It was all because of our sins. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski)
1331, Winter – 1331, Spring Mortality of sheep in Iceland due the harsh winter of 1331 that lasted until Lent   Vetur þessi varð mjög harður. ... Hélzt hörð veðrátta allt til vors og í langaföstu datt niður fénaður staðarins unnvörpum af megurð og sulti. [8] This winter was very hard. ... Harsh weather lasted until spring, and during Lent the local livestock died from starvation and hunger. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1340 Plague with high mortality in Klettgau, Tiengen, Kaiserstuhl and Klingnau in period of fasting   Hoc eciam tempore in quadragesima in Kleggow pestilencia hominum grandis et satis prevalida orta est, ita quod citra Tuͥengen et Keiserstůl et Klingnow certatim morerentur et multi periculose infirmarentur. [9] At this time also, during Lent, a great and quite prevalent pestilence of humans arose in Klettgau, so that without exception around Tiengen, Kaiserstuhl, and Klingnau, people were dying in droves and many were dangerously falling ill. (Translation: DeepL)
1347, February Famine and afterwards mortality in Avignon (fasting period until Whitsun).   Anno Domini MCCCXLVII in quadragesima et inter pascha et pentecosten circa Avionem propter gwerrarum rabiosam inundacionem circumquaque exortam fames exicialis et prevalida facta est, propter quam innumerabiles populi morte repentina extincti dicebantur. In tantum eciam mortalitas famem horrendam subsecuta seviebat, quod in plateis, vicis et in sterquiliniis prostrati miserabiliter iacuerunt. [10] In the year of our Lord 1347, during Lent and between Easter and Pentecost, near Avignon, due to the violent outbreak of war, a devastating famine arose everywhere, causing countless people to be struck down by sudden death. Such a terrible mortality ensued from the famine that people were said to be dying innumerable deaths. To such an extent did the deadly famine rage, that people miserably lay prostrate in the streets, alleys, and dung heaps. (Translation: DeepL)
1348, Winter
VN: 60.000 		About the outbreak of the Black Death in the East and the arrival of the plague in Sicily and Avignon. People flee from the plague because of the infected air.   Anno Domini MCCCXLVIII. Tempore hyemali vel circa principium veris in partibus ultramarinis exorta est mortalitas seu pestilencia tam grandis, quod infinitam et inestimabilem multitudinem infidelium absorbuit et absumpsit. Que derivata ad terras cristicolarum maxime in locis maritimis, precipue tamen in Sicilia, innumerabilem populum prostravit. Fertur, quod in quadragesima circa Marsiliam urbem et Avionem tam crudeliter endinia sevierit, quod infra spacium unius mensis XVI milia hominum obierint. Immo, ut dicitur, tantum in Avione excessit, quod vivi homines non sufficiebant defunctorum corpora tumulare et [p. 276] ideo tandem in fluvium Rodanum certatim proiciebantur. Fertur insuper, quod papa pestem hanc de Avione ad aliam civitatem fugerit. Nichilominus fama testante in Sicilia homines de Messana metropoli et de aliis quam plurimis civitatibus, in quibus mors prevaluit, relictis eis vacuis fugierunt ad montana se transferentes, ut ibi salubri aere hausto contagiosum in civitatibus captum emitterent et eflarent. In Messana urbe Sicilie memorata de LX fratribus Minoribus conventualibus brevi spacio temporis XXX mox mortis furia de medio sublati sunt. Quo viso superstites conventu illo relicto ad loca se alia contulerunt. Predicta, scilicet terre motus et pestilencia, precurrencia mala sunt extreme voraginis et tempestatis secundum verbum salvatoris in ewangelio dicentis: "Erunt terre motus per loca et pestilencia et fames" et cetera. [11] In the year of our Lord 1348, at the time of winter or early spring, there was such a great mortality or plague overseas that it devoured and destroyed an infinite and incalculable number of unbelievers. It spread in the Christian areas, but mainly in coastal regions, especially in Sicily, where it struck down countless numbers of people. It is reported that during Lent, a plague raged around the cities of Marseille and Avignon that was so cruel that sixteen thousand people died within a month. It is even said that it became so bad in Avignon that there were not enough living people to bury the corpses, [p. 276] and they were therefore finally eagerly thrown into the river Rhône‎. It is also reported that the pope fled from Avignon to another city to escape this plague. Nevertheless, according to reports in Sicily, people fled from the metropolis of Messina and many other cities where death was rampant, leaving them empty and taking refuge in the mountains to expel the infected air from the cities and breathe it out. In the city of Messina in Sicily, thirty of the sixty Friars Minor of the convent were snatched from life by the fury of death within a short space of time. When the survivors saw this, they left the convent and travelled to other places.These events, namely earthquakes and pestilence, are harbingers of extreme evils and storms, as it says in the Gospel: "There will be earthquakes in various places and pestilence and famine" etc. (Translation: ChatGPT-3.5)(Translation: DeepL)
1348, March 4
VN: 90 % 		A mortality, the Black Death breaks out in Arles and all over the world. 90 percent of the people die.   E en l'an mil CCCXLVIII, la primieyra semmana de carema (4 March), comenset a Bezes la gran mortalitat, et comenset costa le porge d'en Sicart Taborieg, mercadier, costa en P. Perus, qu'es de peyra al cap de la carieyra franceza, et moriron totz los senhors cossols, els clavaris, els escudiers, et apres tanta de gent, que de mil non y remanian cent. [12] In the year 1348, the first week of Lent (March 4), the great mortality began in Bezes, and the death of Sicart Taborieg, merchant, cost P. Perus, who is from Peyra in head of the French career, all the noble men, the claviers, the squires died, you learned so many people, that out of a thousand there were not a hundred left. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak)
1348, March 12
VN: 200.000 		The Black Death arrives in Europe, with a detailed description of symptoms and precise numbers for Avignon, but also Venice, Marseille, Italy, Provence, Hungary, France, Germany and Scotland are mentioned   Anno Domini MCCCXLVII. pestilencia et mors universalis humani generis tanta invaluit, qualis umquam audita vel scripta reperitur. Nam primo in partibus ultramarinis inter paganos incepit, et tam gravis, ut dicebatur, quod ad ducenta milia ville, civitates absque hominibus remanerent; demum serpentino modo gradiebatur ex ista parte maris. Nam Veneciis, in tota Ytalia et Provincia, (p. 76), maxime in civitatibus iuxta mare sitis homines sine numero moriebantur; et Avinione, ubi tunc erat curia Romana, primis diebus proximis tribus post dominicam medie quadragesime mille et quadringenti computati homines sepulti fuerunt. Imo dicebatur, quod in civitate Marsyliensi ex hac pestilencia tot homines moriebantur, quod locus quasi inhabitabilis remansit. Postea transivit ad Alpes, ad Ungariam, per totam Alamaniam, per Franciam, in qua vix tercia pars hominum viva remansit, item per Scociam. Et semper in una provincia per unum annum vel circa duravit, transiens ultra; et sic paucis regnis exceptis quasi omnia mundi regna quassavit. Et ceciderunt homines ex ulceribus seu glandinibus exortis sub assellis vel iuxta genitalia - et pro maiori parte iuvenes moriebantur - vel per excrecionem materie sanguinee, et hic dolor in sex vel octo diebus homines suffocavit. Hec loca apud medicos emunctoria nuncupantur, quia superfluitas vel sudor subtilis hiis locis faciliter emittitur per naturam. Duravit autem hec pestilencia per quinque vel sex annos vel circa. [13] In the year of our Lord 1347, a universal pestilence and mortality of mankind surged with such intensity as has ever been heard or recorded. For it first began in distant lands among the pagans, and was so severe, it was said, that up to two hundred thousand villages and cities were left without inhabitants. Eventually, it advanced in a serpentine manner from that side of the sea. Indeed, in Venice, throughout Italy and Provence, especially in cities near the sea, people were dying in countless numbers; and in Avignon, where the Roman court was then located, within the first three days after mid-Lent Sunday, fourteen hundred people were buried. Moreover, it was said that in the city of Marseilles, so many people died from this pestilence that the place remained almost uninhabitable. Afterwards, it crossed the Alps, reached Hungary, passed through all of Germany, through France, where scarcely a third of the people remained alive, as well as through Scotland. And it always lasted in one province for about a year or so, before moving on; and thus, except for a few kingdoms, it shook almost all the kingdoms of the world. And people fell victim to ulcers or swellings that appeared under their armpits or near their genitals - and mostly young people were dying - or through the excretion of bloody matter, and this pain suffocated people within six or eight days. These areas are called snuffers or scissors (?) by physicians because excess or subtle sweat is easily emitted from these places by nature. However, this pestilence lasted for about five or six years. (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1387 A deadly disease came to Strasbourg, which was strongest during the Lent.   Ein siechtage von dem flosse.
Do men zalte 1387 jor, do kam ein gemeinre siechtage in alle lant von dem flosse und huften, das under zehen menschen kume eis gesunt bleip. und wurdent die lüte in dem selben siechtagen verrihtet und bewart zum tode, doch koment sü vil bi alle uf, one die alten lüten die disen siechtagen von alter und von swacheit nüt möhtent überwinden: der starp vil. dirre sichtage was aller groest in der vasten. dovon hette men in der selben vasten veil fleisch, eyger und ander ding, also ob es uffewendig der vasten were gewesen. Disen siechtagen nantent etliche den ganser oder den bürzel. [14] 		A disease of the flux.
In the year 1387, a widespread disease of the flux and pestilence came to all lands, and it was feared that out of ten people, only one would remain healthy. During this same plague, people were afflicted and died, but many died, except for the elderly who could not overcome the plague due to age and weakness. This plague was the worst during Lent. During that Lent, people consumed a lot of meat, eggs, and other foods, as if it were necessary for Lent. Some referred to this plague as the "ganser" or the "bürzel." (Translation: ChatGPT-3.5)
1428, March 1 – 1428, December 25
VN: 30-40 		A mortality strikes Magdeburg for 9 months, mainly lower social stratas are affected. There is a considerable number of apparent deaths among the victims of this disease.   In dem sulven jare was hir grot pestilence. De enstunt ersten in der vasten und warde wente to winachten, und storven doch nich tvele namhaftiger lude, doch worden grote burkulen to sunte Johannes gegraven, und mang den doden in den burkulen stonden ein deils wedder up des anderen und des dridden dages wol bi 30 edder 40 minschen . [15] In the same year (1428) there was a great epidemic here. It first began during Lent and lasted until Christmas. Few notable people died, but large mass graves (literally: peasants' mounds) were dug near St Johannes. Some of the dead in these mass graves rose again the next or third day, totalling between 30 and 40 people. (Translation: Martin Bauch)

References

  1. ↑ Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 215; Cf. Ipаt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 2, Saint Petersburg 1908: Imperatorskaia Arkheograficheskaia Kommissiia, col. 206.
  2. ↑ St. Philip's Day falls on the 14th of November
  3. ↑ In original text “мѧсопуста” (неделя перед масленицей). In 1093 this event falls on the period from the 20th to the 26th of February (so two weeks before Lent)
  4. ↑ The Russian Primary chronicle: Laurentian text, transl. and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Cambridge-Massachusetts 1953: Mediaeval Academy of America, p. 174.
  5. ↑ The place where the plague occurred is not given in the source.
  6. ↑ Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 15.
  7. ↑ The time of the plague's appearance was precisely determined here. It took place between the Philip’s Fast (i.e. in the period starting on November 14 and ending with Christmas) and Lent, i.e. 8 weeks before Easter. Easter in 1093 fell on April 17. So the plague ended around the end of February this year.
  8. ↑ Lárentíus saga biskups. In: Guðrún Ása Grímsdóttir: Árna saga biskups. In: Biskupa sögur III (= Íslenzk fornrit, 17). Reykjavík 1998, pp. 432-33
  9. ↑ • Johannes von Winterthur: Chronik / Johannes von Winterthur. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924 , p. 173.
  10. ↑ • Johannes von Winterthur: Chronik / Johannes von Winterthur. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924 , p. 270.
  11. ↑ • Johannes von Winterthur: Chronik / Johannes von Winterthur. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (= MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1924 , p. 275-276
  12. ↑ Template:Le libre de memorias de Jacme Mascaro, p. 41.
  13. ↑ • Heinrich Taube von Selbach: Chronica imperatorum et paparum. In: Die Chronik Heinrichs Taube von Selbach mit den von ihm verfassten Biographien Eichstätter Bischöfe (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores rerum Germanicarum N.S.,). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1922, pp. 1-120 , pp. 75-76.
  14. ↑ • Jacobus Twinger von Königshofen: Chronik des Jacob Twinger von Königshofen, Die Chroniken der oberrheinischen Städte (= Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis in's 16. Jahrhundert). Leipzig 1870-1871, pp. 153-918 , p. 772
  15. ↑ • Heinrich von Lammespringe: Die Magdeburger Schöppenchronik (= Chroniken der Deutschen Städte). Hirzel, Leipzig 1869 , pp. 378-379
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