Icelandic

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In Icelandic, a total of 86 epidemic events are known so far.

Events

  Date Summary  
Source
Translation
  T
1211 19th-cent. summary of a cartulary of the church of Álftamýrar in the Icelandic Westfjords on a mortal disease of the Bishop Páll Jónsson (b. 1155) in 1211   Þessi máldagi er svo forn, að hann verðr varla talinn ýngri en frá tíma Páls biskups Jónssonar, og er þá sennilegast að heimfæra hann til þess árs, þegar Páll biskup fór yfir Vestfirðínga fjórðúng; en þetta var árið 1211, svo sem segir í sögu hans [...]). Í þessari ferð tók hann banasótt, og komst nauðulega til Hítardals, þar lá hann nálega fjórar vikur, og komst heim í Skálholt þrem nóttum fjrir Símonsmessu (25. Oktbr.). Þó reis hann aptr úr rekkju og las messu seinast á ahraheilagra messu dag (1. Novbr,), en nokkrum dögum seinna sló honum niðr aptr, og andaðist hann í Skálholti 29. Novbr. 1211. [1] This cartulary is so old that it can hardly be considered younger than the time of Bishop Páll Jónsson, and it is most likely to be attributed to the year when Bishop Páll crossed the quarter of the Westfjords; and this was in the year 1211, as it says in his story (Páls biskpus saga ch. 17; Bisk. s. I, 141). During this trip, he caught a mortal illness, and had to come to Hítardalur, where he lay for almost four weeks, and came home to Skálholt three nights before Simon's Mass (25 October). However, he got up again from his bed and read Mass last on All Saints' Day (1 November), but a few days later he fell down again, and he died in Skálholt on 29 November 1211. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1227, Winter High mortality in Iceland in 1227 as consequence of a "sandwinter", here possibly referring to eruptions in the Reykjanes volcanic system recorded in the Icelandic annals for 1226.   Sandvetr. […] Manndauðr mikill. [2] Sandwinter. […] High Mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1227 Epizootic in 1227 in western Iceland   Þessi vetr var kallaðr sandvetr, ok var fellivetr mikill ok dó hundrað nauta fyrir Snorra Sturlusyni út í Svignaskarði. [3] That winter was called sandwinter, and it was a very hard winter when hundred of Snorri Sturluson's cattle died out in Svignaskarð. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1231 Mumps in Iceland in the year 1231.   Hettv sott. [4] Mumps (literally: hood-disease). (Translation: Carina Damm)
1231 Mumps in Iceland in the year 1231   hettu sott. [5] mumps (literally: hood-disease). (Translation: Carina Damm)
1240 Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1), a volcanic eruption off the Reykjanes peninsula, and followed by an earthquake.   Sén cometa. [...] Elldr firir Réykianesi. Bólnasótt. Lannskéalftar miklir firir sv́nnan lannd. [6] Comet seen. [...] Fires before Reykjanes. Smallpox. Great earthquake in the south of the country. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1240 Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1) and followed by an earthquake   Sen cometa. [...] Bolna sott ok landskialfte. [7] Comet seen. [...] Smallpox and earthquake. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1240 Smallpox in Iceland in 1240. The outbreak is preceded by the observation of a comet (C/1240 B1), a volcanic eruption off the Reykjanes peninsula, and followed by severe earthquakes in southern Iceland   Sén cometa. [...] Sól rávð. [...] Elldr firir Réykianesi. Bólnasótt. Lannskéalftar miklir firir sv́nnan lannd. [8] Comet seen. [...] Red sun. [...] Fires off Reykjanes. Smallpox. Great earthquakes in the south of the country. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1246, Winter Winter of plague in Iceland in 1246   Sótta vetr. [9] Plague-winter (in Iceland). (Translation: Carina Damm)
1246 Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1246   Sott mickil ok manndaudr. [10] Great plague and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1247 Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1247   Sott mickil ok manndaudr. [11] Great plague and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1247 Great plague and mortality in Iceland in 1247   Sott mikill (!) ok manndauðr. [12] Great plague (!) and mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1252, Winter Famine in southern Iceland (Kirkjubær á Síðu) in 1252 due to a severe winter.   [...] er hallæri er mikit á komit því að nú er vetrarríki mikit ok er bæði illt til matar ok heyja. [13] [... ] now there is a great famine, for the winter is now very severe, and there is a shortage of both food and hay. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1258, Spring
VN: 400 		Great mortality before Easter in Miðfjörður in northwestern Iceland in 1258   her segir fra mannfalle þui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j þessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. j Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn. [14] Here it is said that there was a great loss of life in Miðfjörður, which began on the last feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week; and 400 people died of plague in these church districts: at Staður, Gnúpá, Bakki, Mel, Hvammur and Hólar, and Tjörn. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1268 Unknown disease, literally "Russian illness", in Iceland in 1268   Ryskv sott. [15] Russian disease. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1284, Winter Famine in northern Iceland in 1284   Þenna vetur [...] kom mikið hallæri fyrir norðan land. [16] This winter [...] came a big famine over northern Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1284 Plague, epizootic and a famine in Iceland in 1284   Sott mikil fiardaudi ok do mart folk i sulti ok margir bęir eyddvz. [17] There was a great plague, death of livestock, and many people died of starvation, and many towns perished. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1284 Mortality among cattle and famine in northern Iceland in 1284   Fjárfellir og dóu margir menn af sulti á Íslandi og auðn margra bæja. [18] Death of cattle and many men died of hunger in Iceland, and many towns were laid waste. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1284, Summer Great plague in Iceland in 1284, followed by a lunar eclipse. Out of the three lunar eclipses of that year, the only one visible in Iceland was the Total Lunar Eclipse on 29 June 1284   Sott mikil […] Eclipsis lune. [19] Great plague […] Lunar eclipse. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1285 Great plague in Iceland (Westfjords) in 1285   Sott mikil vm vest fiorðv. [20] Great plague in the Westfjords. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1287, Winter Famine in Iceland in 1287   aa þessum timum komu hardla storir vetr margir j samt. ok manndaudr af sullte eftir þat. [21] At that time, many severe winters came, and mortality due to hunger. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1291, Winter Epizootic in Iceland in the year 1291   Felli vetr eymvni hinn micli. [22] An unforgettable hard winter when cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1291 Smallpox and an epizootic in Iceland in 1291   Bolna sott a lslande. [...] Jǫkǫl vę́tr mikill ok felli vetr. [23] Smallpox on Iceland. [...] A harsh, icy winter when cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1291, Winter Epizootic in Iceland in 1290, probably referring to the same event as Annales reseniani and Annales regii for 1291   Fellivetr hinn mikli. [24] Harsh winter when many cattle died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1292 Great plague and high mortality in Iceland in 1292   Kom sua mikil sott um allt land at meiri lutr manna syktiz oc fylgði manndauðr mikill. [25] There was such a great plague all over the country that a lot of people fell ill and a great mortality followed. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1292 Great plague in Iceland in 1292   Mikil sott a Islandi. [26] Great plague on Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1300 Plague in northern Iceland in 1300. The source also mentions ash and sandfall, and the fifth eruption of Hekla in July   Land skialfti mikill sua at margir bæir huarfuðu niðr. Halleri mikit fyrir norðan land. mattu tregliga sla fyrir ausku falli oc sandfalli. Hinn fimta idus Julii manaðar kom up hinn fimti jarðelldr sunnan j Heklo felli. Sandr kuam fyrir norðan land oc auskufall oc myrkr mikit. land skialfti fyrir austan ar [27] An earthquake so great that many towns disappeared. There was a great famine in the northern part of the country, it was difficult to fight due to ash fall and sand fall. On the fifth day of July, the fifth ground fire broke out in the south of Heklufell. Sand came to the north and ash fell and darkness abounded. Earthquake east of the river. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1300, July Famine in Iceland in 1300. Earthquake, Eruption of Hekla and fall of volcanic ash   Elldr hinn fimti i Heklvfelli .iiij. jdus julij. Lanndskialfti firir sv́nnan lannd. ok myrkr viða vm herǫð. ok sandfall mikit. ok hallę́ri. [28] Fifth volcanic fire in Hekla. 12th July earthquake in the south of the country, and darkness wide in the district. Great fall of sand, and famine. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1300, December – 1301, December
VN: 500 		Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1300, in fact 1301. Eruption of Hekla, an earthquake and observation of a comet, certainly Halley on 26 Oct. 1301, in Iceland and Norway   Eldur hið v. í Heklufelli og land skjálfti fyrir sunnan land og myrkur viða um héruð af sandfalli mikið. Eldurinn var uppi nær xij mánuði. Mannfall fyrir norðan land, bæði fyrir jól og eftir. Létust eigi færii en d. manna. Sén cometa um allt Ísland og í Noregi. [29] Fifth fire in Hekla and earthquake in the south of the country. Darkness in the district due to a great fall of ash. The fire was up for almost twelve months. Mortality in the north of the country, both during and after Christmas. No less than 500 men died. [...] Comet seen all over Iceland and in Norway. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1301, December
VN: 500 		Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1301. Observation of the comet Halley on 26 Oct. 1301 in Iceland and in Norway   Sén cometa béði i Noregi ok á Islanndi. [...] Mannfall firir norðan lannd firir iol ok eptir. ok fell eigi fę́ra en d manna. [30] Comet seen both in Iceland and in Norway. [...] Mortality in the north of the country during and after Christmas. And no less than 500 people died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1301, December
VN: 500 		Mortality in northern Iceland around Christmas 1301. Observation of a comet, certainly Halley on 26 Oct. 1301, in Iceland and Norway   Sen cometa viða bæði a Islandi oc i Noregi. Mannfall fyrir norðan land fyrir jol oc eptir. oc fellu (eigi) færa en fim hundrut. [31] Comet seen wide both on Iceland and in Norway. Mortality in the north of the country during and after Christmas. Not less than five hundred died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1301 Mortality in northern Iceland in 1301. Observation of a comet around St. Michael's Day (29 Oct.), certainly Halley on 26 October 1301   Manndaudr hinn mikle j Fliotum ok j Skagafirde. Cometa var sen af kaupmonnum j hafue vm Michials messo skeid. [32] Great mortality in Fljót and in Skagafjörður. A comet was seen by merchants at sea around Michaelmas. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1306 Great plague in Iceland in 1306 and high mortality in the south of the country.   Sótt mikil a Islandi ok manndꜹvðr mikill fyrir svnnann land [33] Great plague on Iceland and mortality in the south of the country. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1308 Great plague in northern Iceland in 1308   Sott mikil fyrir norðan land. [34] Great plague in the north of the country (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309, Spring Mortality in Iceland in spring 1309   var þat kallat manndaudar var. [35] That was called spring of mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309, Spring Mortality in Iceland in spring 1309   var þat kallat manndaudar var. [36] That was called spring of mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309 Plague in northern Iceland and pestilence in the south of the country   sott micil og manndaudi fyrir nordan land. [...] hofst sott og nocr manndaudi fyrir svnnan land en drepsott fyrir nordan land. [37] Great plague and mortality in the north of the country. There was a plague and some deaths in the south of the country, but pestilence in the north. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309 Great plague in northern Iceland in 1309   Drep sott hin mikla fyrir norðan land. [38] Great mortal plague in the north of the country. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309 Great plague in Iceland in 1309   Sott mikil. [39] Great plague. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1309 Mortal plague in northern Iceland in 1309   Drep sótt fyrir norþan land. [40] Mortal plague in the north of the country. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Great Famine in Iceland in 1310     hallæri mikit a Islandi.   [41] Great famine in Iceland.   (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Mortality in southern Iceland in 1310   Manndavdi micil fyrir svnnan land og sott med þrennv moti. landfar sott. bolna sott og kverka sott. [42] Great mortality in the southern part of the country. The plague came in three ways: typhus (?, lit. "illness that spreads throughout the land"), smallpox and a throat disease. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Mortality in southern Iceland in 1310   kuerka sott. stinga sott. bolna sott. augna verkr. manndauðr mikill. [43] Throat disease. Stitch illness (?). Smallpox. Eye pain. Great mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Mortality in Skálholt in southern Iceland in 1310   Manndauðr mikill vm allt Skalaholltz byskups dæmi. [...] Bolna sótt. kverka sótt. stinga sótt. Manndauðr micill. [44] Great mortality as above all in the example of the Bishopric of Skálholt. [...] Smallpox, throat disease, stitch illness. Great mortality. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Mortal plague in western and southern Iceland in 1310 and smallpox   Drepsott ok manndavðr vm allan vestfirðinga fiorðvng ok svnnlendinga fiorðrung ok bólna sott sva at svmir menn fvnoðo i svndr. [45] Mortal plague and mortality in all quarters of the Westfjords and in one quarter of the south, and such smallpox that some people decayed into pieces. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Smallpox and a tongue-disease in Iceland in 1310   bolna sott a Islandi. ok tungu sott. [46] Smallpox on Iceland. and tongue-disease. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1310 Smallpox in Iceland in the year 1310.     bolna sott mickil.   [47] Great smallpox [pandemic].   (Translation: Carina Damm)
1313, Winter Epizootic in Iceland in the year 1313.     Hrossfellivetur.   [48] Harsh winter in which many horses died.   (Translation: Carina Damm)
1313, Winter Epizootic in Iceland in 1313   hrider og fiar fellir micill æ Islandi svo at vida vm sveiter vrdu menn mioc svo snauder at kvikfie og mest hrossa fie. [49] Snowstorms and mortality of cattle on Iceland so that in many parts of the countryside people became very destitute of livestock and mostly horses. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1313, Winter Epizootic in Iceland in 1313   Snio vetr allmikill vm allt ok þar með fial fellir. [50] Very harsh winter with snow all over the country and with it mortality of cattle. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1313 Great Famine in Iceland in 1313   þa vard hallhæri mikit. [51] There was a big famine. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1314
VN: 300 + 100 		Famine in southern Iceland in 1314   Mann fall sua mikit i svllt fyrir sunnan land af fatæku folki at komu .ccc. lika til Strandar kirkiu i Selvági. á auðru hundraði j Skala hollti ok margt til hverrar kirkiu. [52] Such a high mortality among poor people caused by a famine in the south of the country that 300 dead bodies came to Strandarkirkja in Selvogur, another hundred to Skálholt and many to each church ... (Translation: Carina Damm)
1320 Famine in Iceland in 1320   Var mikið hallæri um veturinn og veður ofsahörð og lágu við hafísar. [53] There was a great famine during the winter and the weather was very harsh, and there was sea ice. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331 Great Famine in Iceland in 1331     Hallǫre mikit um atll land.   [54] Great famine in the entire country.   (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331 Mortality of cattle and bad harvest in Iceland in 1331.   Felli vetr inn micli. Váran a korn i a Islandi. [55] A very hard winter (1331) when the cattle died. Bad harvest in grain in Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331 Mortality of sheep in Iceland in 1331   fiar fellir. [56] Mortality of sheep. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331 Great Famine in Iceland in 1331     hallæri micit vm allt land.   [57] Great famine in the entire country.   (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331, Winter Famine in Iceland in the winter of 1331   Vetur þenna var mjög hörð veðrátta og varð heylitið á búum staðarins en margt kvikfé. [...] Veðráttan tók að harðna og hélt svo sömu harðindum fram. Kom svo að sauðfénaður staðarins datt niður unnvörpum í megurð. [58] This winter was very harsh and the local farms lost a lot of livestock. [...] The weather began to harden and then continued the same hardiness. It came to pass that the sheep of the place were reduced to nothing through starvation. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1331, Winter – 1331, Spring Mortality of sheep in Iceland due the harsh winter of 1331 that lasted until Lent   Vetur þessi varð mjög harður. ... Hélzt hörð veðrátta allt til vors og í langaföstu datt niður fénaður staðarins unnvörpum af megurð og sulti. [59] This winter was very hard. ... Harsh weather lasted until spring, and during Lent the local livestock died from starvation and hunger. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1332 Great plague in Iceland in 1332   Sott mikil. [60] Great plague. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341 Bad harvest caused by volcanic ash from an eruption of Hekla in 1341   Kom upp elldr i Heklufelli med oari oc osku falli oc eyddwz margar bygdir. Myrkr svo mikit um daga, sem um nætr a vetr. [61] There was a fire in Mount Hekla with a bad harvest and ash fall and many towns were laid waste. Such a great darkness during the day as during the nights in winter. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341, Winter – 1341, Summer Great mortality among sheep and cattle in southern Iceland in 1341   Snio vetr sva micill fyrir sunnan land at engi vissi dæmi til annars þviliks. lagði a fyrir vetr ok helltz til sumars ok fylgði fiar fellir micill allz háttar. Elldz vpp quama inn setta í Heklu felli einni nótt eptir festum Dunstani. með sva miklu myrkri af ósku fallinu at í sumum stóðum fra dagmalum til nóns sa ekki skrím vti helldr enn menn væri blindir. ok var þo mikit myrkr allan daginn ok marga aðra siðan tok askan i aukla undir Eyia fióllum. ok fylgði naut fellir micill. annarr elldr var vppi í Hnappar vallar iókli. hinn priði i Herði breið yfir Fliotzdals heraði ok voru allir jafnsnemma vppi. [62] A winter with such a great snowfall in the south of the country that no one knew of anything alike. [The snow] laid before the winter and stayed until the summer, and was followed by a great mortality of all kinds among sheep. The last volcanic eruption of Mount Hekla one night after the feast of St Dunstan (= 19 May) [happened] with so much darkness from the fall of ash that in some places it was impossible to see anything outside from daytime to the ninth hour, and people were blind. And it was very dark all day and many others were covered by the ash under Eyjafjöll and there followed a great loss of cattle. Another fire was up in Hnapparvallarjökull, the third in Herðubreið above the region of Fljótsdal and they were all up at the same time. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341, Spring – 1341, Summer Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great famine and mortality among sheep and cattle. 800 oxen died in the diocese of Skálholt between May and June.   Ellz upp kuama i Heklu felli med myklu sanndfalli ok sua storum brestum at biorgum laust saman i elldinum at naliga heyrdi um allt land sua uar ok dimt medan sanndfallid stod mest yfir. at eigi uar bok liost i kirkium þeim er næst stodu uppkuamu ellzins. hallæri mikid. mikill fiarfellir bædi sauda ok nauta sua at midil fardaga ok Peturs messo fiell at eins fyrir Skalhollti lxxx nauta. [63] A fire broke out in Mount Hekla with a great fall of sand and such large cracks in the rocks that the fire could be heard all over the country. It was also mostly dark while the sand fell, so there was no light in the churches that were closest to the outbreak of the fire. Great famine. A great mortality of both sheep and cattle, so that between the 'moving days' (=21−27 May) and St. Peter's Mass (29 June), a total of 80 oxen died in Skálholt. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341, Spring Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in Rangárvellir in southern Iceland.   Þa kom vpp elldr j Heklufelle med sua miklu sannfalle at fenadr do af vm varit. ok saudfe ok nautfenadr do mest vm Rangar vollu. ok eydde naligha .v. reppa. ok vidara. annarstadar do naut manna af sandinum. [64] Then there was a fire in Mount Hekla with so much sand falling that livestock died in the spring, and sheep and cattle died mostly around Rangárvellir and nearly destroyed five districts. In other places, cattle died from the sand. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341, Spring Volcanic eruption of Hekla on 19 May 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in southern Iceland   ellds vpp kuoma jn vj j Reklu felli med suo storum dynkium at landit skalf allt suo at j fiarlægum stodvm og hierudum hristis skiar æ husvm sem fyrir vindi hvossvm vm langa tima og var þa kyrt vedur. myrkr var svo micit af oskv falli j nalægum hiervdvm at lios brann j hvsvm vm daga. þetta var fyrir Vrbanus messo vj nottvm. af þessv osku falli do micill hluti naut fiar fyrir svnnan land svo at marger menn vrdu snavder at kuikfie og gengu yr husvm fra eignvm og jordum [sijnum]. eyddvst marger bæer vm Skalhollts sueit og Rang ar vollu og nockrer austar. [65] Sixth fire in Mount Hekla with such a large rumbling that the whole country trembled so that in distant places and districts the windows of houses shook because of strong winds for a long time and then the weather was calm. There was so much darkness from the ashfall in nearby districts that lights burned in houses for days. This was six nights before Urban Mass (= 19 May). Due to this fall of ash, a large part of the cattle died in the south of the country, so that many people became destitute of livestock and left their houses, their properties and lands. Many towns around in the district of Skálholt and Rangárvellir and a bit further east were laid waste. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1341, Spring Volcanic eruption of Hekla in spring 1341. Followed by mortality of cattle in south-western Iceland.   elldz vppkuoma i Heklu felli .vj. drottins dagin næsta eptir [skírdagr]. med sua miklum fædæmum ok ausku falli at eyduz margar sueitir þar i nændir ok myrkr sua mikit enn fyrsta dag vti sem þa er suartazst er i husum a hævetri vm nætr. dunur vm allt land sem hiæ væri auskufall vm Borgar fiord ok Skaga sua ad fenadr fell af ok hueruetna þar i milli. menn foru til fiallzins þar sem vpp varpit var ok heyrdiz þeim sem biargi storu væri kastat innan vm fiallit. þeim synduzst fuglar fliuga i elldinum bædi smair ok storir med ymsum lætum. hugdu menn vera sælir. huitasalt sua mikit læ þar vm huerfis opnuna at klyfia mætti hesta af ok brennu steini. [66] A fire broke out in Mount Hekla on the Lord's Day (= Sunday) after (Maundy Thursday), with so much hostility and ashfall that many nearby villages were laid waste, and it was so dark on the first day outside how it is blackest in houses in the dead of winter at night. Rumbling all over the country and ashfall around Borgarfjörður and Skaga, and everywhere in between, so that livestock died. People went to the mountain where the casting (= eruption) was, and they heard that a large rock had been thrown from within the mountain. They appeared to be birds flying in the fire, both small and large, with various sounds. People thought they were souls. There was so much white salt around the opening that a horse could be split, and sulfur. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1347
VN: 400 		Fourth smallpox epidemic in Iceland in 1347   Bolna sótt hin fiorða vm allt land. sva mikil at engi var sva gamall at slika myndi. var sva til reiknat at nær .cccc. manna andaðiz i henni milli Hvitskeggs huams ok Bótz ár. sva ok vm Floann ok Aulfusit með sama móti. Gekk sóttin fyrir sunn an land þetta arit enn it siðarra fyrir norðan. for hon sva gersamliga yfir sveitirnar at hon tok naliga hvern yngra mann enn fertugan. ok marga ellri. ok iafnvel var bolan a bórnunum þeim er moðirin fæddi viðr andlát sitt. [67] Fourth smallpox pandemic in the entire country. So severe that no one was old enough to remember something comparable. It was thus counted that close to 400 men died between Hvítskeggshvammur and the Bót river. So [it happened] also around Flói and Ölfusá in the same manner. The plague went through the south of the country this year, while the last one went through the north. It [= the plague] swept unremittingly through the districts so that it took almost every younger man under forty. and many elder ones. and there were even buboes on the children who were born during their mother's death. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1347 Smallpox in Iceland in 1347   Bolna sott for um allt landit ok andadiz fioldi mannz. [68] Smallpox swept through the entire country and many people died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1347 Smallpox with high mortality in Iceland in 1347   Jtem bolna sott mickil vm allt Jsland. ok andadizst fiolde folks. [69] Then [there was] a great smallpox [plague] all around Iceland. And many people died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1348, April 16 The bishop of Skálholt, Jón Sigurðsson, dies of a plague in 1348 on the Day of St Magnús Erlendsson, 16 April. Earlier, he had unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile Northern Icelandic peasants with the Bishop of Hólar, Ormr Ásláksson. Harsh winter in Iceland, even fjords are frozen   Vtkuama Jons byskops. Sigurdar sonar. Reid hann til Hola ok ætlade at koma sættargiord j millum Orms byskops ok Nordlendinga. en allr almugi bonda samnadizst saman ok kom til Hola. ok villdu at ongum koste vndir hann leggia edr sættazst vidr þa Orm byskop. Reid Jon byskop sudr kiol ok tok sott þegar hann kom sndr. vm land. ok la framan til Magnus dags ok saladizst þa. var hann framferdugr madr ok mickill hofdinga. Frosta vetr sua mickill a Islande at frere sioinn vmhuerfiss landit so at rida matte af hueriu annnese ok vm alla fiordu. [70] Arrival of Bishop Jón Sigurðsson (to Iceland). He rode to Hólar and attempted to bring reconciliation between Bishop Ormr and the Northerners. But all peasants gathered together and came to Hólar and did not want at any cost to submit or reconcile with Bishop Ormr. Bishop Jón rode southwards to Keilir and fell sick with a plague when he arrived in the south of the country, and was laid up until Magnus’ Day (= 16 April), and died then. He was a favourable and great man. Such a great winter of frost on Iceland that there was frost around the land, so that it was possible to ride from every point of land and all over the fjord. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1348 Black Death in Norway in 1348. Pope Clement VI orders a mass called “Recordare Domine” to counter the Black Death in Avignon   Sniovar sva miklir ok islaug at engir mvndu slikan. Drepsótt ok mannfall sva mikit j Noregi ok i vt londum at enginn vissi dæmi til sliks fyrr siþan Noa floð var. ok eydduz bæði borgir ok bæir kastalar ok kauptvn sva skiott at nær engir fengu gert reikning sinn þar til. er Clemens pavi het fyrir at syngia skylldi messo þa er hann hafði componat þrim sinnum ok stanða á kniam með liosi. grasleysu sumar. [71] Such a harsh spring of snow and frozen hot springs that no one remembered anything alike. There was such a deadly disease and great loss of life in Norway and abroad that no one had known such an example since Noah's flood. And it laid waste both cities and villages, castles and market towns so swiftly that almost no one was able to give account (before God] until Pope Clement called to sing a mass for the remission of sins, of which he had composed three, where [all] should stand on their knees with candles. Grassless summer. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1349 Arrival of the Black Death to Norway in 1349.   Drepsotinn kom fyrst i Babilon a Serklandi sidan for hon til Iorsala lannz ok eyddi Iorsala borg þa for hon yfir hafid ok higat til pafa garz. þa uar Clemens sextus hann uigdi ana Rodanum ok uoru þar a bornir daudir menn er eigi matti iarda sidan for hon um Franz ok Saxland sua nordr um sio til Einglannz ok eyddi þar sua at eigi uar fleira manna i borginni Lunndun en xiiij. Þa vigldi .i. kuggr til Biorguiniar ok uard eiqi ruddr ok do af allt folkid en þegar gozid kom upp i bæinn þa do þegar folkid. for þa drepsottin um allan Noreg. fioldi skipa sock nidr med farmi ok urdu eigi rudd. Sidan for hon um Hialtland Orkneyar Sudureyar Færeyar. Þat uar kyn sottarinnar at menn lifdu iij dægr med hardan stinga þa toku menn blodspyu ok for þar med onndin. fyrr nefndr pafi setti moti þersi drepsott messo er sua byriaz recordare domine et cet. ok gaf þar med pardun rietskriftudum .cc. ok .Ix. daga. þar med dictadi hann eina bæn er sua hefr benediccio dei patris. ok med i uppgiof .dc. daga ok iiij karinur. [72] The deadly plague appeared first in Babylon in Serkland, then it went to Palestine and desolated Jerusalem. Then, it went over the sea hither to the papal city [= Avignon]. Clement VI consecrated the river Rhône and dead people, who could not be buried, were thrown into it. Then, the disease went across all France and Saxony northwards to England and raged there so heavily that not more than fourteen people survived in the city of London. Then, a cog sailed to Bergen, was not cleared, and all the people [on the ship] died. As soon as the goods were brought into the town, the townspeople died. Then, the disease swept all over Norway. The ship sank with its cargo, and was not cleared. After that, the disease spread across the Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides and Faroes. That was the sort of disease that people did not live more than three days with heavy pangs of pain. Then, they began to vomit blood, and then the spirit left them. The aforesaid pope set a mass against this plague that begins with recordare domine etc., and gave a written indulgence of 200 and 60 days. Then he also authored a prayer that starts benediccio dei patris, with the remission of sins for 600 days and four times 40 days of fasting. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1349 Arival of the Black Death to Norway via a cog from England in 1349. Two-thirds of the population in Norway die, among others the archbishop of Nidaros and the bishops of Bergen, Stavanger and Hamar. It is explicitly stated that the plague did not reach Iceland   J þenna tima kom drep sott so mickil vm alla nordr halfu heimsins at alldre kom slik fyrr sidan londin bygduzst. fyrst kom sottin vpp i Babilone a Serklande. vt i Affrica. sidan for hon hegat till Jorsalalandz ok i Iorsalaborg. ok eydde naliga borgina. þadan for hon nordr yfir Iorsala haf ok vm alla Romaniam ok sua nordr eftir londum ok vm pauagard. ok eydde allt naliga. vigdi paui aana Rodanum. voru þar vt aa steyttir daudir menn. Gaf paui þat af guds halfu at þat skillde þeira kirkiu gardr þui at eige matte jarda folkit fyrir mannfæd ok sott. sidan for hon vt vm Frakka rike ok vm Saxland. ok sua til Einglandz. ok eydde naliga allt Eingland. ok þat til marks at eige lifdi meir eftir i borginni Lvndunum en fiortan menn. J þann tima sigldi kuggr einn af Einglandi. ok var aa fioldi folks ok lagdi jnn aa Biorgwiniar vogh. ok var litt ruddr. sidan andadizst folkit allt af skipinu. en þegar vpp kom godzit i byinn af þessu skipe þa do þegar bæiar folkit. Þa for sottin vm allan Noreg ok eydde so at eige lifdi einn þridiungr eftir folksins i landinu. Einglandz kuggr saukk nidr med godzinu ok daudum monnum ok vard eige ruddr. fleiri skip buzur ok morg onnur skip sukku nidr ok rak uids vegar en sama sott for vm Hialltland Orkneyiar. Sudreyiar Færeyiar. Þat var kyn sottarinnar at menn lifdu eige meirr en eitt dægr edr tuo. med hordum stinga. eftir þat sætte at blod spyiu ok for þar ondin med sinn vegh. af þessi sott saladizst Arni erkebyskop. ok allir korsbrædr i Nidarose. vtan einn lifdi eftir er Lodinn hiet. ok hann giordi elecceionem kiosandi. Olaf abota af Holmi til erkebyskops. Jtem Ɵ Þorstein byskop. af Biorguin. Jtem Ɵ Guthormr byskop af Stafangre. Halluardr byskop af Hamri saladizst ok þa. Þessi sott kom ecki aa Island. [73] At that time, such a deadly plague spread all over the northern half of the world that never before had anything similar occurred since the lands were built. The disease started in Babylon in Serkland in Africa. Then then it went to Palestine and Jerusalem, and desolated nearly all towns. From there, it went northwards across the Sea of Jerusalem [= the Mediterranean] and across all the Romania [= Byzantium], and then across the countries further northwards, and to the papal city [= Avignon] and the surrounding area, and desolated nearly everything. The pope consecrated the river Rhône and dead people were thrown into the river. Then the pope prompted with God's help the protection of the churchyards; so that no one was allowed to bury people due to the lack of population and the plague. Then, the disease went across France and Saxony, and then to England. Nearly all of England was laid waste. And as a proof of that, not more than 14 people survived in the city of London. At that time, a cog sailed from England with many people on board, and it was put into the bay of Bergen. A little [cargo] was unloaded. Then, all the people from the ship died. As then the goods were brought into town from this ship, the townspeople began to die. Then, the plague swept all over Norway and raged so heavily that not one-third of the people in the country survived. The English cog sank down with its goods and the dead men, and was not unloaded. More ships, cargo vessels and many other ships sank down or drifted widely around. And the same disease spread across the Shetlands, Orkneys, Hebrides and Faroes. That was the sort of disease that people did not live more than a day or two, with heavy pangs of pain. After that they began to vomit blood, and then the spirit left them. From that plague died Archbishop Arne and all canons of Nidaros, but one who survived, named Lodin. He arranged an election and Abbot Olav of Holm was appointed archbishop. Likewise died Bishop Thorstein of Bergen. Likewise died Bishop Guttormr of Stavanger. Bishop Hallvard of Hamar also died at that time. That disease did not come to Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1353 Great Famine in Iceland in 1353.   hallæri mikit a sio ok landi. [74] Great famine at sea and on land. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1353 Mortality in northern Iceland around Mývatn in 1353   mann fall vid Myvatn. halfr niundi tugr mannz i þrimr kirkiu soknum. [75] Mortality at Mývatn. Nine and a half tenth of people in three church parishes. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1371 Plague in Norway in the year 1371   Sott for mikil um Noreg. [76] The plague swept harshly through Norway. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1372 Great mortality in Norway in 1372   Manndauðr allmikill um allan Nóreg. [77] Very great mortality in the whole of Norway. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1376, Winter Mortality due to a severe winter in the Icelandic Westfjords in 1376   Vetr micill og manndavdi vm Vestfiordv. [78] Harsh winter and mortality in the Westfjords. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1378 Smallpox in Norway in the year 1378.   bolnasott mikil j Noregi. [79] Great smallpox [epidemic] in Norway. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1379
VN: 12 		Smallpox in Iceland in 1379 after the arrival of six ships. Severe winter   komo vi skip til Ijslandz ok j bolna sott ok for vm allt Jsland ok vard mikill manndaudr sæloduzt tolf prestar fyrir svnnan land ok nockorir fyrir nordan land [...] ok stora sniofa var vetr mikill. [80] Six ships came to Iceland and smallpox spread all over Iceland, and there was a great loss of life. Twelve priests died in the south of the country and several ones in the north of the country [...] and there was a lot of snowfall and a harsh winter. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1380 Great plague in Iceland in 1380   Jtem sott mikil a Jslandi. [81] Also a big plague on Iceland. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1389 Unknown plague in Iceland in 1389.   kynia sott vm alt Ijsland suo akof at varlla vard sialf birgt æ bæium ok do æcki margt folk or. [82] (1389) Strange disease all around Iceland so that the towns were barely supplie, but not many people died. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1402 Great plague in Iceland in 1402   Jtem kom ut Hual einar Heriolfs son med flat skip er hann atti sialfur. kom þar ut j suo micil brada sott. at menn lagv daudir innan þriggia natta. Þar til er heitid uar þrimur lofmessvm med sæmeligv bæna halldi oc lios bruna. Jtem var lofad þurfostv fyrir kyndil messo. enn vatnfasta fyrir iol æuenliga. feingv sidan flestir skriptab mal adur enn lietust. Geck sotten um haustid fyrir sunnan land. med suo mickille ogn ad aleyddi bæi vida. enn folkid uar ecki sialfbiarga þat eptir lifde i morgum stodum. Sera Ali Svarthofda son deydi fyrst af kenne monnum um haustid. oc þar (!) brodir Grimur kirkiu prestur j Skalholti. sidan hver eptir annan heima presta. Sera Hoskulldur radsmadur a iola daginn sialfvann. Aleyddi þa þegar stadinn at lærdvm monnum oc leikvm. fyrir utan byskupinn sialfann oc ij leikmenn. [83] Then Hval-Einar Herjólfsson sailed out with the ship he had himself. A sudden and severe disease broke out there, so that people lay dead within three nights until three masses were sung with the appropriate prayers and burning candles. Likewise, fasting without water was vowed at Candlemas and fasting with water always before Christmas. Then, most could make their confessions before they died. In autumn, the plague raged in the south of the country with so much terror that villages died out almost entirely. And people were not able to safe themselves in many places. The first priest to die in the autumn was Father Áli Svarthöfðason, followed by Brother Grímur, parish priest in Skálholt, and then one resident priest after the other, the counsellor, Father Höskuldur, exactly on Christmas Day. Thus the episcopate (Skálholtsstaður) was emptied of learned men and lay people, save for the bishop himself and two lay people. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1403
VN: 775 		Great plague in Iceland in 1403   Manndauda aar hid micla a Islandi. Obitus Pals abota j Uidey oc herra Þorsteins fra Helga følli. Obitus herra Runolfs af þyckua bæ. oc vi brædra. enn adrir vi lifdv eptir. Obitus Halldorv abbadisar j kirkiu bæ. ok vij systra. enn vi lifdv eptir. Vigd fru Gudrun abbadis Halldors dottir. Eyddi stadinn þria tima ad mannfolki suo at vm sidir miolkudv systurnar kv fenadinn þær er til uoru. oc kunnv flest allar lited til se, sen uar. er slikann stana hofdv alldri fyrri haft. kuomv þar til kirkiv halfur atte tugur hins siounda hundrads daudra manna. suo talid vard. enn sidan uard ecki reiknat fyrir mannfiolda sakir. suo deydi margt sidan. Jtem ed sama aar eyddi stadinn i þyckva bæ. þrysuar at mannfolki. svo ecki var eptir nema ij brædur. suo heima væri oc einn huskall stadarens. oc hann bar matenn fyrir þa oc þa til kvomv. Obitus herra Þorsteins abota at Helga felli oc Gisla Svartz sonar fra Reyk holum. Nonus Guttorms sonar j Huamme. oc Þordar undan Nupe. oc Pals Þorduars (!) sonar fra Eidvm austan oc Ceceliu Þorsteins dottur hans husfru. [84] Year with great mortality in Iceland. Death of Abbot Páll in Viðey. Death of Lord Runólfur from Þykkvabær and six brothers, six more survived. Death of Abbess Halldóra in Kirkjubær and seven sisters, six others survived. Consecration of Lady Abbess Guðrún Halldórsdóttir. The convent lost all its servants three times, so in the end the younger sisters had to milk the cows, which most could hardly do, as might be expected, since they had never had to do such work. Calculated, 775 died, but after that the number of people was no longer counted, so many died. Also in the same year the servants died three times in Þykkvabær, so only two brothers who were at home and one servant of the monastery survived. The servant brought them food and they recovered. Death of Lord Abbot Þorsteinn from Helgafell and Gísli Svartssons from Reykhólar, Jón Guttormssons from Hvammur and Þórðurs from Núpur and Páll Þorvarðssons from eastern Eiðar and his wife, Cecilía Þorsteinsdóttir. (Translation: Carina Damm)
1404
VN: 3 + 		Great plague in Iceland in 1404   Manndauda veturr hinn sidare. eyddi þa enn stadenn j Skalhollte. Þria tima ad þionustv folki. deydi þar þa þrir prestar oc mesti hlvtur klerka. ij prestar lifdv eptir brodir Þorfinnr kirkiu prest"r. oc Þorarenn prest"r Andres son. er þa var cappellanus byskupsins herra Vilchins. [85] The second deadly winter. Three times all servants of Skálholt died. Three priests died there and most of the clerics. Two priests survived, the church priest Þorfinnur and the priest Þórarinn Andrésson, who was chaplain to Bishop Vilchin at the time. (Translation: Carina Damm)

References

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  73. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 275-276
  74. ↑ Flateyjarannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 405
  75. ↑ Flateyjararannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 405
  76. ↑ Annálabrot frá Skálholti. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 213
  77. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 280
  78. ↑ Gottskálksannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 363
  79. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 281
  80. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 281
  81. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 282
  82. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 284.
  83. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 286
  84. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 286
  85. ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 287
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