Hunger

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In Hunger, a total of 8 epidemic events are known so far.

Events

  Date Summary  
Source
Translation
  T
1224 Famine and plague/pest in the Rus territory. Upraising of magicians in Suzdal’ city.   [6532] В се же лѣто въсташа волъсви в Суждали, избиваху старую чадь къ дьӕволю наоущенью и бѣсованью, глаголюще, ӕко си держать гобино. Бѣ мѧтежь великъ и голодъ по всеи тои странѣ; идоша по Волзѣ вси людьє в Болгары, и привезоша [жито] и тако ѡжиша. Слъıшав же Ӕрославъ волхвы, приде Суздалю; изъимавъ волхвы, расточи, а другъıми показани, рекъ сице «Богъ наводить по грѣхомъ на куюждо землю гладом(ъ) или моромъ, ли ведромь, ли иною казнью, а человѣкъ не вѣсть ничтоже».[1] In this year (1224), magicians appeared in Suzdal', and killed old people by satanic inspiration and devil worship, saying that they would spoil the harvest. There was great confusion and famine throughout all that country. The whole population went along the Volga to the Bulgars from whom they bought grain and thus sustained themselves. When Yaroslav heard of the magicians, he went to Suzdal'. He there seized upon the magicians and dispersed them, but punished some, saying, "In proportion to its sin, God inflicts upon every land hunger, pest[2], drought, or some other chastisement, and man has no understanding thereof".[3]
1231, Spring Epidemic and mass deaths due to hunger in Novgorod.   [6738][4] Бысть же и в Hoвѣгадѣ моръ от глада, таковъ бѣ бо глад, яко мнози своего брата рѣжуще ядяxy, a инии мepтвое трупие ядяxy, друзии конину и псину и кошки, a инии мoxъ и cocну и илем и листъ, и толико бѣ множство мертвых, яко не бысть кому и погребати ихъ. [5] There was also a plague in Novgorod (1231) due to famine. For such was the famine that many ate their brother butchering them, and others ate dead bodies, others ate horsemeat and dog meat and cats, and others moss and pine and clay and leaves, and there were so many dead that there was no one to bury them. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski)
1235, May 17 – 1235, September 29
VN: thousands + 22 monks 		Outbreak of an epidemic in Limoges after a year of dearth. Precise numbers for the mortality of monks and indicators of mass graves.   AM°.CC°.XXXV°. fuit tanta caritas blade quod ante messes anni sequentis vendebatur sextarium siliginis xvj. solidis et amplius; sextarium albi vini, si inveniri posset, iiij. Solidis; unum pomum, vj. Denariis, et plus et minus, secundum quod erat magnum; urinale, ix. denariis; gallina, xviij. Denariis; malum punicum, xj. solidis et plus; ij pruna, uno denario vel duobus. Et erat tanta in illo anno mortalitas et fuit in Lemovicensi diecesi et circa, quod vix inveniebatur qui ad foveam deferret. Audivi quod Capellanus et sacristia deferebant quandoque in cimiterio Sancti Geraldi, quotidie triginta, xl. velita sepeliebantur; et etiam legi ibi fuisse centum pauperes sepultos una die. Multa (p. 156) millia tunc temporis perierunt tam fame quam peste. In abbatia Sancti Martialis obierunt illo anno, a festo Ascensionis usque ad festum Sancti Michaelis, xx. Duo monachi, exceptis illis qui obidierunt in obedientia. [6] In the year of the Lord 1235, there was such a dearth of grain that before the harvests of the following year a sextarius of wheat was sold for sixteen solidi or more; a sextarius of white wine, if it could be found, for four solidi; an apple, for six denarii or more, according to its size; a urinal, for nine denarii; a hen, for eighteen denarii; a pomegranate, for eleven solidi or more; two prunes, for one or two denarii. And there was such mortality in that year, and it was in the diocese of Limoges and around, that scarcely anyone could be found to carry the dead to the ditch. I heard that the chaplain and the sacristan sometimes carried [the dead] into the cemetery of Saint Gerald, where thirty, forty, or even a hundred were buried daily; and also I read that there were buried there a hundred poor people in one day. Many thousands perished at that time from both hunger and disease. In the Abbey of Saint Martial, in that year, from the Feast of the Ascension until the Feast of Saint Michael, twenty-two monks died, apart from those who died in obedience (?). (Translation: Martin Bauch)
1309 Plague on people, horses and cattle, as well as hunger.   Toгo жe лѣтa [6817] быcть мopъ нa люди и нa кoни нa вcякии cкoтъ, a житo вcякoe мышь пoѣлa, и тoгo paди и дopoгoвь быcть вeликa и глaд вeликъ быcть пo вceя зeмли Pyccкoи. [7] That year 1309 there was a plague on people, horses and all cattle, and all the grain was eaten by mice, and because of this the prices were high and the famine was great throughout the entire Rusian land. (Translation: Dariusz Dabrowski)
1318
VN: 30,000 		Although there was a peace treaty reached between King John of Bohemia and his rebelling nobles, the length of the preceeding conflict lead to great hunger and a plague.   De concordia inter Johannem, regem Bohemie, et suos nobiles facta et de fame maxima et pestilencia inaudita. [...] nam tali durante discordia nimia famis prevaluit miseria, ita quod infra unius anni spacium, ut experimento didici, in porta Scedelicensi triginta milia hominum sunt sepulta. Consimilis quoque pestilencia in omnibus civitatibus, oppidis et villis exstitit et in universa terra. In omnibus locis fovee fodiebantur, que mortuorum cadaveribus replebantur. [8] About the peace between John, the king of Bohemia, and his nobles and about the great hunger and unheard-of plague. [...] Because this condemnable conflict endured, there was such a great famine that within one year 30.000 humans were buried at the Sedletz gate as I have learned from my own experience. And similarly, there was a plague in all cities, towns and villages and in all lands. At all places pits were dug which were filled up with the deceased. (Translation: Christian Oertel)
1341, December 22 Great mortality and famine in Pisa, also the General Captain Fazio Novello della Gherardesca died on the 22th of december   In nel 1341 fu in Pisa mortalità grande di giovani e ricchi e valenti e vi [fu] in prima grande fame; e al colmo d'ogni male a dì 22 di dicembre morì lo conte Fazio del quale menò grande duolo Pisa e tutta Toscana e ciascuno lo pianse come se fusse suo padre o suo unigenito figluolo, e fune bene da dolere chè, al parere d'ognuno, lui ebbe ogni bontà sensa alcuna malvagità. [9] In 1341, in Pisa, there was a great death toll of young, rich and talented people, and there was great hunger; and at the height of all evil, on the 22nd of December, Count Fazio died, causing great suffering for Pisa and the whole of Tuscany, and everyone mourned him as if he were his own father or his only-born son, and it was a good thing to mourn because, in everyone's opinion, he had all goodness without any evil. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak)
1422 Epidemics in Rus lands, Moscow, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod.   [6930] Моръ бысть, зъ голода всякую мертвечину ѣли. [10] The epidemic was from hunger. [People] were eating all kinds of carrion. (Translation: Adrian Jusupovic)
1483, June 20 Great mortality and famine in Thuringia's neighbouring countries and the citizens of Erfurt fear they might be affected in the future and organize a procession to prevent this.   Als man schreib noch Christi gebort vnser hern Tusent vierhundert vnnd drye vnnd achczigk, An deme fritage vor sant Johans tage baptisten, Do hatte der erßame vnnd wiße rath zu Erffort bestalt zu gehene eyne lobeliche erliche processien vmme dye stadt Erffort Vmme sunderlicher bethe willen eyns iglichen menschen, zu bethen vnnd zu loben den almechtigen ewigen got, das her de jn woner der erlichen stadt Erffort vnnd ouch andere frome luthe behute wolde vor dem gremmigen tode, ader hunger, ader pestilencien, vnnd dye fruchte uff deme feld. Sunderlichen jn disser zit ist groß sterben gewest jn fele landen vmme heer, ane jn Erffort vnnd jm lande zu Doringen alleyne. Also besorgte sich dye stad Erffort, eß mochte ouch zu on kome. [11] In the year of our Lord 1483, on the Friday before St. John's day, the honourable council of Erfurt decided to organize a procession around the city for extraordinary praying of all people. The Lord Almighty should be petitioned and blessed so he would protect the honest inhabitants of Erfurt and other just people from the grim reaper, or famine, or pestilence, and save the crops in the fields. In this time, there was a great mortality in all neighbouring countries, but not in Thuringie and Erfurt itself. So the city of Erfurt worried, they might be next. (Translation: Martin Bauch)

References

  1. ↑ Lаvrеnt’еvskаia lеtоpis’ in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. I, Moscow 2001: Iazyki Slaviankoĭ Kul’tury, col. 147-148
  2. ↑ In source we have word „моромъ” (morom), what means exactly plague/epidemic.
  3. ↑ The Russian Primary chronicle: Laurentian text, transl. and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Cambridge-Massachusetts 1953: Mediaeval Academy of America, p. 134-135.
  4. ↑ Information about the great famine in Novgorod, which resulted in the death of 3,030 people, is provided by both editions of the First Novgorodian Chronicle, the older one in 6737, the younger one in 6738. However, in both editions the word "мopъ" does not appear. According to a Novgorod source, the famine was caused by a great frost on the occasion of the Elevation of the Holy Cross. i.e. September 14, 6738. Mass deaths occurred in the spring (Новгородская первая летопись старшего изводa, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. III, Mocвa: Языки Pyccкй Kyльтypы, 2000, p. 69–70, 70–71, 277).
  5. ↑ Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 125.
  6. ↑ • Anonymus: Anonymum S. Martialis chronicon ab ann. M°CC° VII° ad ann. M° CCC° XX°. In: Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges. Renouard, Paris 1874, pp. 154-171 , pp. 157-158.
  7. ↑ Московский лeтoпиcный свод конца XV века, in: Полное Cобрание Pусских Летописей, т. XXV, Mocвa: Языки Cлaвянcкoй Kyльтypы, 2004, p. 159
  8. ↑ Peter of Zittau, Chronicon Aula regiae (Kronika Zbraslavská), in: Emler (ed.), Fontes rerum Bohemicarum IV, Prague 1884, pp. 1-337, 247f.
  9. ↑ • Ranieri Sardo: Cronaca di Pisa (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 1963 , p. 90.
  10. ↑ Prodolzhenie letopisi po Voskresenskomu spisku in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopiseĭ, vol. 8, Moscow 2001: Iazyk Russkoĭ Kul’tury, p. 91.
  11. ↑ • Konrad Stolle: Thüringisch-Erfurtische Chronik (= Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart). Literarischer Verein / Rodopi, Stuttgart/Amsterdam 1854/1968 , p. 191
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Agriculture • Army • Astrology• Astrometeorology • Bell • Cemetery • Charter • Crops • Description • Doctors • Economy • Euthanasia • Famine • Fire • Fruit • Grain • Harvest • Hunger • Inflation • Inscription • Mass grave • Price • Price increase • Relics • Rye • Settlement • Siege • Shortage • Sugar • Taxes • University • Victim number • Water poisoning • Wax • Wine
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