Fanāʾ
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In Fanāʾ, a total of 9 epidemic events are known so far.
 Place |
 Time |
 Language |
 Disease |
 Animal |
 Keyword |
 Person |
 Nature event |
 River |
 Plague |
 Scribe |
 Social response |
Victims |
Events
| Date | Summary | T |
|---|
| 1300 – 1301 VN: 1003 cows |
Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle in Egypt in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301). A lot of cattle died. Subsequently, water wheels could not be operated anymore, draft animals were lacking in farming, and cattle prices hiked. Sugar cane could not be cultivated, thus sugar prices rose. (A marginal note in one manuscript adds: It was related that an elder [shaykh min ahl al-filāḥa] from Ushmūm [Ashmūn al-Rummān, in the Nile Delta] lost all but eight of his 1,011 Khaysiyya cows to the disease.) |  |
(Translation needed) |
| 1300 – 1301 | Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle, mainly in Egypt, in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301). Cattle prices hiked. Subsequently, water wheels could not be operated with cattle anymore. Sugar cane could not be cultivated and sugar prices hiked. |  |
(Translation needed) |
| 1300 – 1301 VN: 1003 cows |
Epidemic disease (fanāʾ) in cattle in Egypt in 700 AH (Sept. 16, 1300-Sept. 4, 1301) that killed a great number of cows. It was related that the disease had killed 1,003 out of 1,021 Khaysiyya cows of an elder (shaykh) of Ushmūm-Ṭanāḥ (Ashmūn al-Rummān, in the Nile Delta). Cattle prices hiked and water wheels could not be operated with cattle anymore. | ' [3] | (Translation needed) |
| 1303, August – 1304, August | Horse epidemic (fanāʾ) in Syria in 703 AH (August 1303 - August 1304) which killed a majority of the Syrian horse population; the author who lived in Damascus during those days lost all of his horses (ten or more) to the illness; before the epidemic, horses in Syria had been abundant and easily available; due to the epidemic, horses became scarse and their price increased sixfold. |  |
(Translation needed) |
| 1348, April – 1349, March 22 VN: 20.000 + 1000 + 500 |
From April 1, 1348 to March 22, 1349), an unprecedented plague hit the Middle East, and lasted about a year, and one third of Greater Syria’s and Egypt’s population died. | ' [5] | The Black Death in the Middle East: In the year 749 H (April 1, 1348 to March 22, 1349), an unprecedented wave of plague hit the Middle East. It was the sixth plague which affected the Middle East in the Islamic period. It was called the Kinship Plague (Ṭāʿūn al-Ansāb) since the decease of a person was often followed by the death of some of his or her relatives. People developed pustules, spat yellow blood and died within 50 hours. When people started spitting blood they would bid farewell to their friends, close their shops, their burial would be prepared, and they would die in their homes. The daily death toll reached a maximum of ca. 500 in Aleppo, more than 1,000 in Damascus, and ca. 20,000 in Egypt. Mostly women, youths, poor people, and riffraff died. The plague wave lasted about a year, and ca. one third of Greater Syria’s (Shām) and Egypt’s population died. (Translation: Undine Ott) |
| 1348, October 7 VN: 150 |
On October 7, 1348 the number of people who had died of plague and were prayed for at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus reached 150 or more; not included were inhabitants of the outskirts of the city and members of the protected religious minorities (ahl al-dhimma) whose bodies were not brought to the Umayyad Mosque. It was said that on many days, casualties in the outskirts of Damascus (ḥawāḍir al-balad) reached more than 1,000. On October 7, a dust storm reached Damascus; people prayed to God and ask for this to be the end of the plague; things only got worse afterwards, though. On Miʿrāj Night (October 21), not as many people as usual gathered in the Umayyad Mosque because so many people had died of plague and many more were occupied caring for the sick and the deceased. In the beginning of Shaʿbān 749 H (the month began on October 25), many people were infected with plague (fanāʾ), and often there would be a bad smell in the city. |  ...  ...  |
(Translation needed) |
| 1361, October – 1362, October | A deadly disease (fanāʾ) hit Cairo, Alexandria and further places in 763 H (October 31, 1361 to October 19, 1362). Many people died. |  |
"In the year 763 AH (1362-1363 AD), a plague struck Egypt, Alexandria, and other places, causing the death of many people. In the year 775 AH (1373-1374 AD), a calamity befell in Ben Saghta.
(3) In Ben: many people died. (4) In: the number increased in Ben and decreased elsewhere. (5) Among the original inhabitants, many died, and in Ben, the number increased and decreased elsewhere." (Translation: ChatGPT-3.5) |
| 1374, March – 1374, September VN: 7000 + 12.000 |
Many people, mainly children, died of plague (ṭāʿūn, fanāʾ, wabāʾ) in Alexandria from Shawwāl 775 H (March 16 to April 14, 1374) to Rabīʿ I 776 H (August 10, 1374 to September 8, 1374). Up to 200 people died per day. In Shawwāl, 7,000 people perished within three days. In 775 H (1373), the Nile had failed to reach the necessary gauge (wafāʾ) during the summer flood, and many fields in Egypt could not be cultivated. Prices for grain and other foodstuffs rose in Egypt. Prices remained high also during the following year (776 H: June 13, 1374 to June 1, 1375) despite a sufficient Nile flood and the availability of grain. People became impoverished and died of hunger due to the rise in prices while grain merchants (khazzān) made huge profits. Finally, people revolted against inflation and famine. Plague came on top of famine. In Alexandria, 17,000 people reportedly died of plague, 12,000 of whom were male and female children. [...] |     |
(Translation needed) |
References
- ↑ • Baybars al-Manṣūrī, Rukn al-Dīn: Zubdat al-fikra fī taʾrīkh al-hijra. Beirut 1998 , p. 351
- ↑ • al-Mufaḍḍal b. Abī l-Faḍāʾil: Al-Nahj al-sadīd wa-l-durr al-farīd fīmā baʿd Taʾrīkh Ibn al-ʿAmīd (= Patrologia Orientalis). Turnhout 1919-1929 , pt. 3, p. 30
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad: Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab, 33 vols.. Cairo 1964-1998 , vol. 31, ed. by Albāz al-ʿArīnī and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ahwānī, Cairo 1992, p. 416
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad: Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab, 33 vols.. Cairo 1964-1998 , vol. 32 (ed. by Fahīm Muḥammad ʿUlwī Shaltūt, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ahwānī, and Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ ʿĀshūr, 1998), p. 78
- ↑ • Ibn Ḥabīb, Badr al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. ʿUmar al-Dimashqī al-Ḥalabī: Tadhkirat al-nabīh fī ayyām al-Manṣūr wa-banīhi. 3 vols.. Cairo , vol. 3 (1986), pp. 110-112
- ↑ • Ibn Kathīr, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar: Al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya fī l-tārīkh. 21 vols.. Giza , vol. 18 (1998), pp. 507-508.
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī: Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols.. Hyderabad , vol. 4 (1970), p. 127.
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī: Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols.. Hyderabad , vol. 3 (1970), pp. 253-254; vol. 4 (1970), p. 127-129; 143; vol. 6 (1973), pp. 423-425.
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 Amrāḍ • Appetite • Bellyache • Black Death • Blood spitting • Carboncles • Chest pain • Cold • Cough • Dāʾ • Dearth • Disease • Ergotism • Epidemics • Fanāʾ • Fever • Glene • Headache • Heat • Influenza • Kidneyache • Korkota • Leprosy • Malaria • Mortality • Mumps • Ophthalmic disease • Pestilence • Picota • Plague • Properieulle • Rheumatism • Rubeola • Rougerieulle • Seasickness • Sleep • Smallpox • Shoulderache • Sweating sickness • Swellings • Symptoms • Syphilis • Throat disease • Ṭāʿūn • Ulcers • Vérole • Wabāʾ • Zoonotic |
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