1341
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In 1341, a total of 8 epidemic events are known so far.
Locations and Spreading
Date | Summary | T |
1341 | Bad harvest caused by volcanic ash from an eruption of Hekla in 1341 | Kom upp elldr i Heklufelli med oari oc osku falli oc eyddwz margar bygdir. Myrkr svo mikit um daga, sem um nætr a vetr. [1] | There was a fire in Mount Hekla with a bad harvest and ash fall and many towns were laid waste. Such a great darkness during the day as during the nights in winter. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, Winter – 1341, Summer | Great mortality among sheep and cattle in southern Iceland in 1341 | Snio vetr sva micill fyrir sunnan land at engi vissi dæmi til annars þviliks. lagði a fyrir vetr ok helltz til sumars ok fylgði fiar fellir micill allz háttar. Elldz vpp quama inn setta í Heklu felli einni nótt eptir festum Dunstani. með sva miklu myrkri af ósku fallinu at í sumum stóðum fra dagmalum til nóns sa ekki skrím vti helldr enn menn væri blindir. ok var þo mikit myrkr allan daginn ok marga aðra siðan tok askan i aukla undir Eyia fióllum. ok fylgði naut fellir micill. annarr elldr var vppi í Hnappar vallar iókli. hinn priði i Herði breið yfir Fliotzdals heraði ok voru allir jafnsnemma vppi. [2] | A winter with such a great snowfall in the south of the country that no one knew of anything alike. [The snow] laid before the winter and stayed until the summer, and was followed by a great mortality of all kinds among sheep. The last volcanic eruption of Mount Hekla one night after the feast of St Dunstan (= 19 May) [happened] with so much darkness from the fall of ash that in some places it was impossible to see anything outside from daytime to the ninth hour, and people were blind. And it was very dark all day and many others were covered by the ash under Eyjafjöll and there followed a great loss of cattle. Another fire was up in Hnapparvallarjökull, the third in Herðubreið above the region of Fljótsdal and they were all up at the same time. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, Spring – 1341, Summer | Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great famine and mortality among sheep and cattle. 800 oxen died in the diocese of Skálholt between May and June. | Ellz upp kuama i Heklu felli med myklu sanndfalli ok sua storum brestum at biorgum laust saman i elldinum at naliga heyrdi um allt land sua uar ok dimt medan sanndfallid stod mest yfir. at eigi uar bok liost i kirkium þeim er næst stodu uppkuamu ellzins. hallæri mikid. mikill fiarfellir bædi sauda ok nauta sua at midil fardaga ok Peturs messo fiell at eins fyrir Skalhollti lxxx nauta. [3] | A fire broke out in Mount Hekla with a great fall of sand and such large cracks in the rocks that the fire could be heard all over the country. It was also mostly dark while the sand fell, so there was no light in the churches that were closest to the outbreak of the fire. Great famine. A great mortality of both sheep and cattle, so that between the 'moving days' (=21−27 May) and St. Peter's Mass (29 June), a total of 80 oxen died in Skálholt. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, Spring | Volcanic eruption of Hekla in 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in Rangárvellir in southern Iceland. | Þa kom vpp elldr j Heklufelle med sua miklu sannfalle at fenadr do af vm varit. ok saudfe ok nautfenadr do mest vm Rangar vollu. ok eydde naligha .v. reppa. ok vidara. annarstadar do naut manna af sandinum. [4] | Then there was a fire in Mount Hekla with so much sand falling that livestock died in the spring, and sheep and cattle died mostly around Rangárvellir and nearly destroyed five districts. In other places, cattle died from the sand. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, Spring | Volcanic eruption of Hekla on 19 May 1341. Followed by a great mortality of livestock, especially sheep and cattle in southern Iceland | ellds vpp kuoma jn vj j Reklu felli med suo storum dynkium at landit skalf allt suo at j fiarlægum stodvm og hierudum hristis skiar æ husvm sem fyrir vindi hvossvm vm langa tima og var þa kyrt vedur. myrkr var svo micit af oskv falli j nalægum hiervdvm at lios brann j hvsvm vm daga. þetta var fyrir Vrbanus messo vj nottvm. af þessv osku falli do micill hluti naut fiar fyrir svnnan land svo at marger menn vrdu snavder at kuikfie og gengu yr husvm fra eignvm og jordum [sijnum]. eyddvst marger bæer vm Skalhollts sueit og Rang ar vollu og nockrer austar. [5] | Sixth fire in Mount Hekla with such a large rumbling that the whole country trembled so that in distant places and districts the windows of houses shook because of strong winds for a long time and then the weather was calm. There was so much darkness from the ashfall in nearby districts that lights burned in houses for days. This was six nights before Urban Mass (= 19 May). Due to this fall of ash, a large part of the cattle died in the south of the country, so that many people became destitute of livestock and left their houses, their properties and lands. Many towns around in the district of Skálholt and Rangárvellir and a bit further east were laid waste. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, Spring | Volcanic eruption of Hekla in spring 1341. Followed by mortality of cattle in south-western Iceland. | elldz vppkuoma i Heklu felli .vj. drottins dagin næsta eptir [skírdagr]. med sua miklum fædæmum ok ausku falli at eyduz margar sueitir þar i nændir ok myrkr sua mikit enn fyrsta dag vti sem þa er suartazst er i husum a hævetri vm nætr. dunur vm allt land sem hiæ væri auskufall vm Borgar fiord ok Skaga sua ad fenadr fell af ok hueruetna þar i milli. menn foru til fiallzins þar sem vpp varpit var ok heyrdiz þeim sem biargi storu væri kastat innan vm fiallit. þeim synduzst fuglar fliuga i elldinum bædi smair ok storir med ymsum lætum. hugdu menn vera sælir. huitasalt sua mikit læ þar vm huerfis opnuna at klyfia mætti hesta af ok brennu steini. [6] | A fire broke out in Mount Hekla on the Lord's Day (= Sunday) after (Maundy Thursday), with so much hostility and ashfall that many nearby villages were laid waste, and it was so dark on the first day outside how it is blackest in houses in the dead of winter at night. Rumbling all over the country and ashfall around Borgarfjörður and Skaga, and everywhere in between, so that livestock died. People went to the mountain where the casting (= eruption) was, and they heard that a large rock had been thrown from within the mountain. They appeared to be birds flying in the fire, both small and large, with various sounds. People thought they were souls. There was so much white salt around the opening that a horse could be split, and sulfur. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1341, December 22 | Great mortality and famine in Pisa, also the General Captain Fazio Novello della Gherardesca died on the 22th of december | In nel 1341 fu in Pisa mortalità grande di giovani e ricchi e valenti e vi [fu] in prima grande fame; e al colmo d'ogni male a dì 22 di dicembre morì lo conte Fazio del quale menò grande duolo Pisa e tutta Toscana e ciascuno lo pianse come se fusse suo padre o suo unigenito figluolo, e fune bene da dolere chè, al parere d'ognuno, lui ebbe ogni bontà sensa alcuna malvagità. [7] | In 1341, in Pisa, there was a great death toll of young, rich and talented people, and there was great hunger; and at the height of all evil, on the 22nd of December, Count Fazio died, causing great suffering for Pisa and the whole of Tuscany, and everyone mourned him as if he were his own father or his only-born son, and it was a good thing to mourn because, in everyone's opinion, he had all goodness without any evil. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1341, December 22 | Price increase and famine lead to a great mortality in Pisa, especially among adolescents and the general captain Fazio Novello della Gherardesca died. | Nel milletrecentoquarantuno, essendo stato grande caro di grano l'anno dinansi che ss'era fatto la piassa del Grano e ffue grandissima fame, di che l'anno 1341 ditto si ffue grande mortalità di giovani. Inella quale mortalità, a d*i vindtidue, 22, di dicienbrew moritte lo ditto conte Fasio, nella chui morte ne menòe Pisa grande duolo e quazi tutta Toschana e ciaschuno lo piansse come se fusse stato suo padre o suo figluolo. [8] | In the year 1341, since there had been a great shortage of grain in the year of the wheat harvest, and there was great hunger, there was a great mortality of young men. In this mortality, on the 22nd day of October, the said Count Fasio died, in whose death there was great grief in Pisa and all of Tosca and everyone mourned him as if he had been his father or his son (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
References
- ↑ Annales regii. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 155
- ↑ Skálholtsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 273
- ↑ Annálabrot frá Skálholti. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 222
- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 273
- ↑ Gottskálksannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, pp. 351-52
- ↑ Flateyjarannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania 1888, p. 401
- ↑ • Ranieri Sardo: Cronaca di Pisa (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 1963 , p. 90.
- ↑ • Cecilia Iannella: Cronica di Pisa. Dal ms. Roncioni 338 dell'Archivio di Stato di Pisa (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia Medievale. Antiquitates). Istituto Storico Italiano, Roma 2005 , p. 105.
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