1258
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In 1258, a total of 19 epidemic events are known so far.
Locations and Spreading
Date | Summary | T |
1257, September – 1258, April VN: 400 |
In Miðfjörðr was a great mortality. | her segir fra mannfalle pui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j pessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. J Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn [1] | Here tells about the great man-death which was in Miðfjörðr, which began on the later feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week, and four hundred people died of sickness in these church districts: at Staðr, Gnúpi, Bakki, Mel, Hvamm and Hólar, and Tjörn (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | In summer high mortality in Italy. | Eo anno aestate fuit hominum magna mortalitas. [2] | In this year was a high mortality among humans. (Translation: Thomas Wozniak) |
1258 | Epidemic in Baghdad after the Mongol conquest of the city: A Mongol army under Hülegü Khan had captured Baghdad and killed the Abbasid caliph al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh [February 20, 1258]. Dead bodies were lying around everywhere, a bad smell developed in the city, the air changed. Many people died of the severe epidemic (wabāʾ) that followed the fighting. When the epidemic abated in Baghdad it traveled to Syria. | ' [3] | (Translation needed) |
1258 | Famine and plague in the Middle East. | ' | And in his time there was a very severe famine and a pestilence in all the land of SEN'AR, and 'ATHOR (Assyria), and BETH NAHRIN, and SYRIA and BETH RHOMAYE; for in DAMASCUS a young dove for a sick man was sold for twelve nasraye [4] |
1258 – 1318 VN: 800,000 |
Great mortality in Baghdad, which spreads due to the odor and contaminated water. | ' | It is said that there were more than 800,000 dead in Baghdad, not including the children thrown in the mud, those who perished in the canals, wells, and basements, and those who died of hunger and fear. Those that survived the killing were struck by an epidemic [wabaˉʾ] from breathing the odor of corpses and drinking contaminated water. The inhabitants frequently smelled onions because of the strong smell. The number of flies increased, filling the air; they would fall on food and spoil it. [5] |
1258 | Plague in Syria and Egypt. | ' | In this year (i.e. 1258), plague struck across Syria, the regions of Egypt, and the like […] A fever and cough occurred in Bilbeis such that not one person was spared from it, yet there was none of that in Cairo. Then after a day or two, something similar happened in Cairo. I was stationed in Giza at that time. I rode to Cairo and found that this condition was spreading across the people of Cairo, except a few. [6] |
1258, May 19 | Great mortality in Bohemia. | Anno domini 1258 XIV kalendas Junii eclipsis lune fuit et mortalitas maxima hominum fuit. [7] | In the year of the Lord 1258 on the 14th calendes of June there was an eclipse of the moon and there was the greatest mortality of humans. (Translation: Christian Oertel) |
1258, Spring VN: 400 |
Great mortality before Easter in Miðfjörður in northwestern Iceland in 1258 | her segir fra mannfalle þui enu mikla er j Midfirde var er till tok Mariu messo sidarre. lette eftir paaska uiku: ok do or sott .cccc. manna j þessum kirkiu soknum at Stad. at Nupe. a Backa. a Mel. j Huamme ok Holum. ok Tiorn. [8] | Here it is said that there was a great loss of life in Miðfjörður, which began on the last feast of Mary. It eased up after Easter week; and 400 people died of plague in these church districts: at Staður, Gnúpá, Bakki, Mel, Hvammur and Hólar, and Tjörn. (Translation: Carina Damm) |
1258 | Disease and mortality in Modena. | Eodem anno fuit infirmitas et mortalitas ferre per totum orbem [9] | In the same year (1258), there was widespread illness and mortality throughout the entire world. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | In Prague frost and mortality among sheeps. | Hoc anno gelu laesit fructus arboreos et vineas, et mortalitas ovium fuit [10] | This year, frost damaged the fruit trees and vineyards, and there was a mortality among the sheep. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | A plague of livestock in Senones (Vosges). | Sed tamen pestilentia pecorum ipso anno finiente non finivit, sed per totum sequentem annum regiones plurimas bobus et vaccis [p. 334] penitus vacuavit. [11] | However, the pestilence of livestock did not end with the close of that year, but continued throughout the following year, utterly emptying many regions of oxen and cows. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, Autumn – 1259, March | Plague among sheeps in St. Albans. | et pecudes necuit pubescentes, ita ut ovium et agnorum pestis fieret generalis [12] | and killed the young livestock, resulting in a widespread pestilence among sheep and lambs. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | Around the time when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258). The former Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Nāṣir Dāwūd, died of the disease in al-Buwayḍāʾ [May 21, 1259], a village in the surroundings of Damascus. His cousin al-Nāṣir Yūsuf, the lord of Damascus, traveled to al-Buwayḍāʾ, transferred Dāwūd's body to al-Ṣāliḥiyya and buried it in the tomb of Dāwūd's father al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam. | ولحق الناس بالشام في تلك المدة طاعون مات فيه الناصر داود، وخرج الناصر يوسف صاحب دمشق إلى البويضاء، وأظهر عليه الحزن والتأسف، ونقله إلى الصالحية فدفنه بتربة والده المعظم [13] | In that period, a plague struck the Levant, in which Al-Nasser David died, and Al-Nasser Yusuf of Damascus went to Al-Buwayda, showed grief and sorrow for him, and transferred him to Salhiyah, where he was buried in the soil of his great father. (Translation: DeepL) |
1258 | Famine and plague raged in the East. | Cette année, la famine et une maladie dangereuse, désolerent toutes les contrées de l’Orient.[…] Cette meme année, une maladie pestilentielle fit, en Syrie, de grands ravages. Il mourait, à Alep, douze cents personnes par jour. Und grand nombre d’ inhabitants de Damas fut victim de ce fléau [14] | This year, famine and a dangerous disease devastated all the regions of the East. [...] In the same year, a pestilential disease caused great havoc in Syria. In Aleppo, twelve hundred people died per day. A large number of inhabitants of Damascus fell victim to this scourge. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258 | Disease in Syria. | ' [15] | Around the time (1258) when the Mongols took Baghdad, an epidemic (ṭāʿūn) affected the people in Syria. This was in 656 H (January 8, 1258 to December 27, 1258) (Translation needed) |
1258, April – 1258, June | Strong famine and disease in St. Albans. | Defi[ci]ente insuper annona, pauperum multitude innumerabilis mortua est. Et inventa sunt passim eorum corpora tumida prae fame et liventia, quina vel sena in porcariis, sterquiliniis, et lutosis plateis, in semetipsis morticina miserabiliter tabefacta. Nec ausi sunt, qui domos habebant, perituros, propter tabem et contagia infirmorum in suam propriam inediam hospitari. Et cum plura corpora mortua invenirentur, factae sunt in cimiteriis amplae fossae et capaces, in quibus reponebantur corpora plurimorum [16] | Additionally, with the failing grain supply, an innumerable multitude of the poor died. Their bloated and discolored bodies, swollen from hunger, were found everywhere, five or six at a time, in pigsties, dung heaps, and muddy streets, miserably decayed into corpses. Those who had homes did not dare to take in the dying, fearing infection and contagion, even at the cost of their own starvation. And since many dead bodies were found, large and spacious pits were dug in the cemeteries, in which the bodies of many were placed. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, May | Great famine and mortality in London. | Circa idem tempus, tanta fames et mortalitas ingruebat in terra, ut, ascendente summa blade usque ad pretium quindecim solidorum et ultra, et terra nummis esset vacuata, et per plateas innumerorum jacerent morticinia […] Jacuerunt insuper mortui super sterquilinia et in luto, et per plateas marcentes et tumescentes, ita ut vix erat qui mortuos sepeliret, nec audebant aut volebant cives vix aliqui mortuos propter tabem hospitari. [17] | Around the same time, such great famine and mortality struck the land that, with the price of grain rising to fifteen solidi and beyond, and the land being emptied of money, countless corpses lay in the streets. [...] The dead also lay on dung heaps and in the mud, decaying and swelling in the streets, so that there were scarcely any who could bury the dead, nor did the citizens dare or wish to take in the dead due to the contagion. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, May 19 | Immense disease in London. | Anno eodem, circa festum Trinitatis, immanis pestis et intolerabilis populum praecipue invasit et afflictum miserabiliter peremit. [18] | In the same year (1258), around the feast of the Trinity, an immense and intolerable disease especially struck the people, miserably afflicting and killing them. (Translation: Martin Bauch) |
1258, November | Epidemic in Cairo. | ' | Then there happened a great epidemic at Cairo, from which hardly any one escaped; it began on Thursday, the 24th of Shawwál, and Behá ed dín was one of those attacked by it. He survived a few days, and then expired a little before sunset onn Sunday the 4th of Dhu’l Ka’deh in the same year (Nov AD 1258) and was buried the next after midday prayers […]I could not make it for [Bahaˉʾ al-Dīn’s funeral] prayer as I was engaged myself with the disease. When I had recovered from the disease, I proceeded to his grave for visitation and read a part of the Qur’aˉn for him [19] |
References
- ↑ Template:Xxx, p. 36.
- ↑ • Riccobaldo da Ferrara: Historia imperatorum romano-germanicorum a Carolo Magno usque ad Annum MCCXCVIII. producta (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores). Milan 1726, pp. cols. 107–144 , Sp. 133
- ↑ • al-Nuwayrī, Muḥammad b. Qāsim al-Iskandarānī: Kitāb al-Ilmām bi-l-iʿlām fīmā jarat bihī l-aḥkām wa-l-umūr al-maqḍiyyah fī waqʿat al-Iskandariyya. 7 vols.. Hyderabad , vol. 2, p. 224
- ↑ • Bar Hebraeus: Bar Hebraeus Chronography. London , p. 506.
- ↑ • Nahyan Fancy; Monica H. Green: Plague and the fall of Baghdad, 1258 (= Medical History). 2021, pp. 157-177 , p. 164.
- ↑ • Nahyan Fancy; Monica H. Green: Plague and the fall of Baghdad, 1258 (= Medical History). 2021, pp. 157-177 , pp. 163-164.
- ↑ Johannis Neplachonis, Chronicon, in: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum, vol. III, Praha 1882, p. 445-484, 474.
- ↑ Lögmannsannáll. In: Gustav Storm: Islandske Annaler indtil 1578. Kristiania, 1888, p. 257
- ↑ • Alessandro Tassoni; Di Giovanni Da Bazzano; Di Bonifazio Morano: Chronache Modenesi (= Monumenti di Storia Patria delle Provincie Modenesi). Modena 1888 , here: Cronca Tassoni, p. 58.
- ↑ • Anonymus: Canonicorum Pragensium Contin. Cosmae (= MGH SS). Hannover 1851, pp. 163-209 , p. 176.
- ↑ • Richerus monachus Senoniensis, Georg Waitz (Ed.): Gesta Senoniensis ecclesiae (= MGH SS. 25). Hannover, pp. 249-348 | , pp. 333-334.
- ↑ • Matthaei Parisiensis: Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora (= Rolls Series). London 1872–1884 , Vol. 5, p. 674.
- ↑ • Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā: Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār. 14 vols.. Abu Dhabi 2001–2004 , vol. 27, p. 369.
- ↑ • Taki-eddin-Ahmed-Makrizi: Histoire des sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte, écrite en arabe. 1, Paris 1845 , pp. 77-78.
- ↑ • Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā: Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār. 14 vols.. Abu Dhabi 2001–2004 , Vol. 27, p. 369.
- ↑ • Matthaei Parisiensis: Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora (= Rolls Series). London 1872–1884 , Vol. 5, p. 690.
- ↑ • Matthaei Parisiensis: Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora (= Rolls Series). London 1872–1884 , Vol. 5, pp. 701-702.
- ↑ • Matthaei Parisiensis: Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora (= Rolls Series). London 1872–1884 , Vol. 5, p. 693.
- ↑ • Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt: Poetical Works of Behá-Ed-Din-Zoheir of Egypt. 2, London 1877 , p. XXXI.
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